Quinagem

IntradlJf-~a

Qain,qalJ e 0 prooesso ft deftJr maqao ,plastl ca de cha:pa {fue pem~Jf:e 0 fa~ic.o de ,fi)u_pwtfc-l-es pla~m~av.ei5 00 ~'oometda citiJutr;ca~ cdtmca Otl!' p-fISJna~ica.

Fara reaJir.lar' a ope.r:l!ryao uJiliz~'ge ilJJH cunha Ie! (I!~ IRalI'ifl: mOmB:~ ,ftluma maquintll fefl~m2tillta desifloot1fl par Q-m1Jald:or;A

a ,~e(ll prtllc-ipitJ de ru~ioo8memo e .5Mrefmlrte BO tile {lima pl!"eJl~ ,lfrldr3ulka

O~ ~nooaJr..ica. '

&,g~fo"s' [die "p:.lIltl~~·

l:biOO~ 'tlgoofic:{;)'s-l moif;J.'rilthjlll ~,aU~ (itJMsi~ palfJWr

1.

Ouinaqern

Ouinaqern

--------------------------------------------~11111111111111

Ctassi'llca~o dos P1OCesSOS de qujoo9eM

Gmna.g:eJD e 0 proreS1il~ de defbrmayiJ.o vlaJ;tica de ohapa Q~ ve.r~nJt:e 0 faJx:ioo de .st1f/1«fi~s plalllf1W(iil1ei5 de g'oom~ria Gflindaoa.. caaioa Oll!' pri5Jtlatfoa.

atfi IJain-em iJ'(J! ,a;r I

I

" I




l ~i.Pla5~m dB Ifang9 cilm iClurJ!,~1l irle' ~~~l

Quinagem

Na q«iJtmDenJ 1J't'J ill' e a"~lt) emre as' aoos da ~.pa a e.mllnHW e esta,bel:«1do pela peneffB¥1'"" do ~1J1!'lhD ifJa. ,malmo

As wftls MliI'olLWBaS .sao mtl'as~ mas a preci~1o I~Wm,e,f3'fia~Jial e limif;llda~ ~ a N!!CfJpelllF:o e.ilast:lc:a que 0 m\aleda~ wte a~ deformat;ill(J ,/atwa alM-ran,uo a !}ll?Cnnetria ~~1Ef1 da ~.

Ma ,ui,ll'JiageJJ~ em V B chapa e el'ef«'ma/Ja

iJ." _ ..... "",01- '~.. [~ _d

ad:'E!! eJl~II.!I!.\I~;ar as ~Q,k1JJre~~r~;.IlS~ se.~HIIQ iii

'Miga e.~ue ~lJjt~.~Q e [~HaffQ' igWlI a

e.spesstllra da eharfJB.,

A opera~a .mHi~· ~isa tllJl'e a tlmeri~ l! e ~ralmeRl:e ~l/ilaada par(1 qmlllsl" ~iiapa:s !@OJlrJ anfj~mo9 de ;91}9 au lr«.eifal~eme ~nferio.re.s;, !@t1m eSlps'suras que 'OO~ ~'aria{ ~!u!':rlM es !IfJ:.5 e os 2fi lIiPJIH..

Quinagem

Na ~mcu.a9'em em U e'Mimem :3 e:lxlfls" de Qt.tbl8~eln para/e/os'. NGrJna'lm~ miliza"se 11m enC1lSlaOOr tl~ cprOJm~o\\!'e 10 cam'al:itn ""'J1J a cbapa 1m ZOIrJa do fuooo do ~UlJOO !eLWitaooo "d~wi~:as d:~ mrma w pefB. A forca de !Llulna,gM'J teJ~' um aClfescimo de ce.rt::'a de 3IJ a 4D~

Uma ~s BOOS e f:i!.KtiNIa ptJl' um e~adar ~ e~~nfo ",lie a omm e d1Jmada a m]!1 pe~ a~(), do cimhD., C~ a 'lI~riapIJD ao C~SDI e ptJS'SlM al~emr' com #litlllitJafle .8 ~men~~o tJa a1M eifthJnnad's e 0 a~J1lto de oom;a~.

Quinagem

Na QllJlnagaw a hJrJ'J'do (~ do nerm) iii chapa e eSMa'gtJ'-da entre 0

Gl(llnoo e ai ,mal'IrU' ~o tinal da 'Ymfh -;;::~

fJ~¢(J! e a folga ewe cunoo e IImtti!l e ~iril«;Q(, a e~~ma ~ ~~.~B'En--,....,.,

dm~n ~~

Ge.ra~meme lJIfriiizada par·a .r;hilpas de. es",essurn trrfeliar a .1 mm1 e ~mJte retJ~.f~ O~ .a~~ 1Re.S1:f1D eJ inJitlar 8l rootl!.Pet'ay-Blo e.ra5t.j'Ca~

,A hlrga ,~~ss'ar,J~ para a opara~.1o

e ~O.a9jdem~e1Jneme SrJpeJf(§ff' a {fa q£illfna",e,~, aD ar. podetndo " va~o,r Uipti Oat all (]\lfillliJj'JN car.

Quinagem

Na q~ina~em .rm'atwa fet:/{'irre,.,se al illiI'mai matJfl:'

,r01ati'Ll'8 para ewa-rn18:r a chapa ..

Hao e ~eces8arjo mib'81 m~-oslSdm e as f(Jl~9" reqMerims li'~lJ Ulxa.&

a ele:iW, de n,ma fJ!lde 51!' compeMSSNo diminliinlilo e enomo de dtJ1lNag!!!m.

.....

Quinagem

--------------------------------------------~1111111111111

VarUBge,~s da qlUloogeM no 8r relatliramenle j qiJlnagem a fturdo

• A q'Jlli[inagem ptN1:e .set" efe.rJUllaOO eJD ~Da'il'J11jt;ras' fiermJDe.tJ1ai de ~~eoor ~a~mmdeJ' ,ow~ a forca e

!efll·fN~ja [~Kfi'sarlfaB' ~o Jtl~~·

· a OOs,ril:ii'le e () fNNiflltJ de tn&lu_wil{} das' tiermJD~S e me~

• 0 ~nes.m'o c-O~lllirmo MnJfrfMnatrfi:' fKJde se.r (Irlil~ado para efeOf:tllBr" dObrag'MS de dim~.s ar.pgwos;p redJlfi'i¥Jdo.~ es C;U~~o.s' de lKepara~o e ~f.Ulmageiltl das' te.rram~s'

Quinagem

Po:r' aD~-io d~. ~[~Ifw a· 20na en f1e:J(K;~~~'ilt1 :nca stJI«:ifada pm I'm m"OJDM'O ftecJ:aI'M' e Uff~a ftJ!ea n!Kia't F de tfi3Jef'I"la.

.. ....;r-

io = AS

~m (JImJWs finasr pode admrlir.,.se q'!&Jfe lliSl' ~~~el1 jf'rNIa"S .:lie m,al!l~ Plauas dumme a dehf.rltM''ClO e que ron~:gem illO cemm fie ~rnrvm~r;at.

Don~oora~ qlllil'e as direcroe~ ,~[OOjpaj.5 ld:a~' te~· Ie. d"as eK~s~ win£i~(p com 85 mr~ ir.;aldial1 ~ang~Jal e ~~lJd.o a. ~atgf1l'a

H,W{li nemta e iii 11iI'JOO 0I!i1tJ oo1l1ptinu~IPto [~ llar,i,a apOs a deklnn-a~o cD ~ e (J~i'a fX)!rJFlJo de!pende hlJmmemalJ~je1.tue de ~5-.Pe~sum dal chapa e M lipo de soUGif~§Q ~rJtroowiJt1la "eJ~ t'errRimeml1s.

to

Quinagem em V no ar

Pa.ra se !I1etermilJSr 8;S dimens:~ ~a ~~~n~pa IllsRa e ~mrjo ~'On~o;Se 0 ~~pr.-JimeiOto d1J flmB. ne~tra ,~

lJ~ aGmd(J otJm ~ ["alma l1lM ~I ~ conrp.rln~emo da em'ampa P'lam .seni dal1c prx: i .= i!J + b 'T' a_~

AbefiUA] [*8 ifl'ha8 ~.f'I'I,r.EI' (II [Si wP

Ahar:tufa' dB'lil alfroiSl !I:1I.nlm· go e'~ P1~

fj .1JllQulo de llitltel'tura da a'l1a~ h e&pes'.Su.r~ da ..r;i1CJ{!Ja

1I"j' (iIla fJJ1~fo.r de doo~

if. #tIflW de ~ar~ para a UnJra Itreulla

AlJlJe I!lliIm d.3S Ii] ibas Mtr.e ~ iiJ§l.8 r.[~~

~J -{I

'1 -

I;, 'i'l. k.=: 1 fj

j1,' =.~'.~J;_I +- Ogl-

2 I'~'

Ouinaqern

Di5llribui~~D de t~oo.s ,il'Juma ~ dl:reila de espes:5uca J, e largHfa J}r quando .soli;mati'a P'Of' llm .m~emo ,p/JrOp M~'l

Smpli!ic~.s:;

" Mater~aJ e JiNlllth~~,~JiM e isn1.\!'o~o

" Com,pmttll'flOO'D etlas!:~~l:trJII'~eJfl:e ~a'Stim "' A~ .s~oe~ ~J~iGla'me,me plaJmli1s perma~ ~anasdm8m~a~n~o

" OS' Fiooiplos de Sal.m ~eDaj!lt.' e d~ .so'brePfJ'lIie·~o do \rslidos'

rJe.spre:l:a~Mo as len5des .s~'~d.o , Ie consi\f1e.ra,oot) que a ii.~ha lr.Jewa e iii I;.l!1ila medla ooi~ide~", enti10 a crKs~ilnJiV~o de ~emtH!lS seg~ndo ~ depeJJde d\Er. inte~a.de do .mome.F'JW Remar BpliGado:.

" ~.ty

G ..... = +.... , J

~

~J' [I! Q m~tQ "~~O:Ifj, y'.:II1 di$.al'll'CW da 6£tro eml il1Ml~l. a ~n~ ii1~~ lEi fz Ee, ~{)~to. ~"tY~;t3, .!M~atllVnms~~ a fJbI.1:Jl iJleldlrBl il:i1 ~ darJo {fWr:

I~ sllrul~l m'dfs ["iii RJ.m]il}S ~'.~~ no fa,Cfo d~ Ok S',!:il e trD~,j) 00 £~. ~~W' da p~t1 [e tfJ1e stli1JJjl~e~(ill ntli fa" ~:l"JtNJfrr.,

Quinagem

Flexile; de Pefa",. direl.t:as

A dlSJriltJwcdo de. G~ rmtj.e moo.m:ral~ oos set'lui1J'1:es Ires caSOiiJ de ,~otf~la;iltJ:

!#"al'M I'ftdtlil_OO d:rJ J1m.ffl.E!rlhIi" 'IJ~ ;1]1 fZ:fmf)'B s~~a), as fi'l;!lt:ls M(,j!lrl'Mogs' ~~ cOO enr~~M~ (if) M~ f.I"'; nmilJlltil' P~'S'lttJ;o

--- .~ ~ .. ---11r~p

,~ " ,~

IrJ~ a ~ pajfca~l. I!lapessurn que S1I! Mm.rnm rem d'on;rj_nj(o ~iis~'~;

Ai ,rlml!il.m p~lmJ!~ qU~l'l1fUr.tl [0 mD!l\I.I!I1tIO llKlM' n .zDM eltJsif,rJ'a e .:31 IHJ!flti~' ~~ Ii:;! iIlNlmento UMar th1 ji'om p.&sti€:;6!

,~mlGlnt{l! qr.r.e; :pmdr.m' Il'Jma rifS'l:{ffbm'9j~ de fe~'Ol ~OOJStami9 ,EMrlr fadal a ~~el transv,e~ e ,~rmJJ !il' ~l ,~fm/~; d9 d1JS/Jrt/tJJHiil,

Quinagem em V no ar

;~ ~aseado ms prap filNla des me;Cialll~'l7as do matertal

Rai'O mi~mtJ de Q,ffi~ t. mI.rJJ ~ e mia IMlrt1 (J Q"1J.~d .suryen-, ti,;!)]£Ii1ras .M ~ufNNfcJe efimor da ~ha.pa~

1fiJa=ra a ~'ua dete.rnli"llliliCOO e..,ri s'len dms ~odOs' Bt~er.rJaiIi 1105:"

'I] NM:ure:£a eln,irroa

A artel!lsito ~a~el'1:c:ialJ, e~ pa'(a'Illifm;~ ~:brn a distaoou " cia ijn#Ja media ooJ:n £1m raia de cmvalum t: m Ie' Ulil1 a~wo de dobrag.~ f1: e dada pm;

_ M _ (lfrn -+ .Y1Ql-~D

eili - ._

'~G

Oalf1ll~ de dobr-lll!J~~ e tiJaoo pm' a. =: ~[l/[rrI eJfJfifQ a ene~do t!an,Q'eIJ'clal para a ti'tNa eneriore. d'aiJa fNN:

14

Quinagem em V no ar

RaJa Minima de qullmgem

CoDSidera,itJdo IvalidB-5 as' se;g'ui:m:f!,s mll1la~,s':

'!Jl Na f.1:e:.¥ilo ~ oom~rnio {iJlamioo a ~sao ItIW'dadei.:r a na fj.f$'a eK~wi or para a 'fual a kad!r1m mNeLYem e. j~w' II e..den~o ~*delra JfJla kadHm 1ID el!lsjo di! tr80~O

utJia.J'ta t. <

~l 0 JItlHte'I;al e homagellOO e fsotnlpico,.

Pi {) estadO doe fSlSla & -:f1s1.t:J e pl~oo;l' all ,~f!ji4 a£el:a~1,J @lr;e 0 OOJnp.rillteillto de dohragM~ e a e~,ssumr ilYh e ~'e,~a.

fr"jrj :=_1 -1 h .2q

VMfl~oo ... S'e eKp~memalm~fe a dse.rnii[tm.~Q (fO ' r JT.ill .m.r;alt~.s de eKpre.s.sao aRleri'Ol" f!l'tfl ,I~~hr~i~ ~ varowes de q lflretmres a aa ,As~ ~o:

q s 9_2

-
~
ts

Ii)
~.
s.
r-,
~ ~ !:I~!jij.~ 1.5'

ID ~ W W ~ ~"

Quinagem

Raia Minima de qtlJnegem

o faml) da cJwpa posmir a~r~ot~pi'al del1ido a. ~el' ~ido tamit~J pmJe orj"'gfnar dehW(J~ ,ga 'lJ\£n~'M'"

A,s:sin~.!l a inlpJam·a~·~o da.s ~~.s na cbafJ8 de've 1;u·e/'.,s'e1" ,sempre tilae. .fN!.~~ell de JUodO a CfM al dir~ de qUi,oogem .S'e deSMrvol~;a pelpeJJdlcMa~eme a droo!W1o de la}l}iJ,~~gtMJ~. Ou£uldD mo :feIr p(J.ssf'l:el~ de~8"e QiUm.e.m:al' as raios de dirJ1l'm.gem para elri~r a kaClUt"a.

115

Quinagem

Raja MirJ/mo de quljl1agel7~

Qulla f,amm de def:ernJtnal " raja JfJinl~o de q.fJ~lnart-.em pode .ser a .~w de 8-ba,GOS:~ OOnsJIrmW5 ""'11'1 ha.se en ensaim' e'K~inJemai.s:.

C'l;indll~fuQ! di;!J reJ.tIfJir:jil!
Mii'I. ri~~ IR iH!Qii i d~' TF'il.;tmd~ ·t!jlimi~iiUn'''['JW
i ,ill llill.[I~~ II s m, ,1. ~ 011... II .il :0["
A~D esiampaJlEmJ . ©.~ Ji12 i]:~ 1TIl,~'
A~o.An~~10~Q. u@4~ IQ:I -0.5 11].!5· [I 1]1
Aco A~S;i11J~5. U~ ~.2. ill 6 0;6 ·1.2~
"~~Q tl;]Sm 'j!'JA'9 0.:1 1118 (J ,8, 1.5.
ko A~5110Ei4 0.1' 1:3 '1.3· 11(J!
G~ 0.'11 ill 2 ~ n 1.n
[lmt~ illi.O ,EJ.2 0:4- Q.8
2lnrd0 ~ c' i.O
.ijl - ._
Jiilwrnrroo I 0.0 I 10.,2 I 0,3 O.i±I'
AI u rnJm::. dJ.lIliCi 1.0 1.5 3.'0 4.IJ
M I~Bnj'1EI '1J).'l5 1.iTIl 3,jO 5,U
.. lPo,r ~ez~s 0 raio ,nbli1no de quinag~m e de8.moo em ~(J cia ahnW'a da m'aMIJ, ~J' OOll1.6.ria ,r.r,a' @era~go:

5

[";R1'i >: -,' -. '1/

,32

'17

Qu:inagem em V no ar

AbefttH a cia mat,iz

D(J ,,;ak1i' da aOO.ttura tia J~JIf:tr~Z: de,pend~ a ftJ[lB de qli!'it1gi1~m.r 0 ram ~rlmJlJw de Q'Htrlsgem e a di~Jfl.i]i'JD minooa (fJa elm.

Consider~se du;t.'ls aperav:oos de qfJIw,~~'em GonJ ahooillra de ljh11iQ' dit~fitNJte (~Jna du,la da

OIJit a):' hh'

IlHij) - ~'l!

C'";oO 0.2 o(~, o.e O,a 1.0

eM,ojl1J\y,OO n ~tur~ t/J@_m . a Z.,1Nil ~~ de qE1lnaga'm m;.el a ,~~~I 0'9 ~mlil'Gti'() Mm il m~ ~m [duas oom~

de mnfdz d'far.si1ltM,

A ~tlh1#li!1 da, c.l1.I'ro~t~ 'trdlc/f.Ql que ~ dela~ ~ eilj&~ ~m D at,fngJr I'" fflltS;lfOOI ,aJlBtfta dl! tl~lIira Qrtjim [tl'msl' (;f~JfJwJde sjg>"ff~iJl'lV~msr.rte [00 abmum 100 ,marra. ~'I!!i ~mw nrC!! ~o IrJ91 mJ:lt!r~m de m;Ji;w abeTf«r.l'1 Asi!il'm.ll1.o.m bLJs:e em ~u.ffi'Edo.S'[~lPSmliJt.gJJf,als ~nN'J~

V

t=! -=I!J.I

n '

Ii = S a 8.11 v = a~, 1:2"h

[1,.2 ~--~--""""_--""""_---r----.....,

1].2

para [para

1~ .:E:.:3 trim 'll-.:,..3IJiJlml

19

Quinagem em V no ar

--------------------------------------------~1111111111111

Profurodidttde de qiJlnagem

Urua das [va~f!ll1s ria Dcpe.r~~lo de qi!i\f1,,~'em ,uo al' reside na po5~ilJiUdf'ade de se ~ eledl1ar q'J!1jIf,r.ragt!n5' C-OJJ~ an9mos cti:fer~'Ile~ miluaootJ D ,merSJ:l~O ~(lnjl1tll{} Gun"Qf~. A&~'inp1' para a ,prepamr;li(J (fJas Q"~llmfeJ1s sere n~~lio roeJacionar ., a~lJto de al1ertlJlra dHL:!]l aoo,g, fl~ OOJ1iJ £IIi ~"eu~aa dO.cun~w ~ matt:i~.

ICclf1S~rmraWd. qH@ ,j] e5~1!1f.a dlJ ~tJ1li! ft ,m-.aJl1tMl ~MStam!!:l!

v (iDLJ

P .= --:- mill _, - y

2: . .2

LV ~ ~ @"j'J~~!J!'~ao ,da ilJJ1!fiV·ar£l'f:.[jj da t!'h:ap3J san:dQ

"'\r,-.,jI'~ I~-;po t

1t.J'.L..JUL: F-~. , _

,jl 1 -zes 0: L21J

,Y':= r, +d .

oos.~(1!~ (2)

~J1ii1.Q [~ "mftmJJl'rkfde da q;u{~'.em., lam t£m~ifo Ie ..:iiJJDlI.iI~\:Ii dd ZClfJ[Ji r:f9 d • .1lgMlI !firl' .... a dada /pfrr;

j!) = ~tan(a ~-~~ + ~~) [1-005(~ 12 J

~ :2.)' 005~(XJ 2)

A pm(lJ\I'J11~*d~l. de. qufl].a:g~m'r ~m IH'nirlb n .a~W'!O Ide .nm"a ,ila£. ~~ ~",.~ ROO 1»1':

p = 'I.{ .. _ ,,.. . ~~) [1.- sern (j1 J 2.)]

,2 ta 11~/2) , ~ san ~} 2}

Quinagem

o le.oome1J'o de rec"Upe.ra~o e1astfca au efeiW de mma, a~o~e ,se1n.~ ~~ a seltt;lt.aqlQ eI1e.ri or que. orlgill!WlJ a flexlQ e relrafiJa.

As',SjjlI~~ taJfJto e arrRJ11m de dollta§'em ~o 0 r;aJv de GMVat:1Kil aUMeJf1~ mooifi'CiilfulCJ=.se ~ a~ef:ii-a da: ~.

lima OO~ prillC{paifl dificilldatJe.s da q'lJi,nB'{'IM1 aD ar ,eside illO c-oM1t:ro/:o de~ mrrdnlM~ I 0 tiue~ 5e #az: ,semr' ,mmlo as .!S(Jfima!#OO5 que Fo~ot:!amm a dek'JrmaGlf) ,J~tic~ gemlme$Jfe illUJlD.a zona [~tnN'O l~f2Hr1al d:sapar,ecelu"

Quinagem

----------------------------------------------11111111111111

RecupeFa~;Jo elHlica ou ei'eilo de mola

A dasca~ (~~ss·a~o daLs roljo6{~-tj~· e1ft~ltm~s) provooa 0 8pamc.rllTlSW do ~neJt~o de ,reoJllf~JIo el~Sfj'tla. to ~stiJldo do m~aDW5Jl1fO de de.~cal'f]Ja ttJ'tJde set' ~do ,~ouenoo at) .princfpio da ,:sOOrepos,~~~ a'li"1~lJJ'do '10 tt,ml do C8r~gmemo tIIJlD momemo R~t:or de f~.rural fll'Jtenslfdade .910 do momemo de ~arg9';I' nM$ com seJtnfdo OOJ'J1;mri~ para ,ms~mt' as' C::m1di~' de e($Hilibno.

a nlat,~na~ na tase de de:scar{J,'IJ reemm eJfJ ooDinio e~S1:i~q. ~s~lJ'do (} ~e-rur c::"Om~Jne,mo m~aJli.r;:"O a ser regJdo {)el;as' ~r.i'ayQe,s coJtmtitmivQLs ~i;'1eares eJasticQLs"

A di,s1t:WHi~o da5 teDSO~S de ~Sliarg:a e linear.

:.:.::.:.:.:~.:.:.::.:.:~.:.:.:.::.:.:. :.:.~

-

'i'i'I'Po... ':.--':.~.

:.:.::.:.:.:~.:.:.::.:~~ .

21

Ouinaqern

--------~--------------------------------~1111111111111

A SOMa daji' tet}sOe.s de carna ~mt.l ss q'lJ!~ ~~9'em rIa tatse de ~~a~ (.~~o q'LIl'e Cillfe5}m~de a po~wilrJ de eq-uilm-rw) permfte detern),flh1m m,~mbm~o d.a;~' tm~OOs r~siduais' (JLJIe pennat~a fMi pe!:ia un fit~l do ,roce.~'5f) de defOrmay~tl,

+. - ':!<~ Y (+ ... _ -:. .II '\

~ x: res =: ::ng.'~. + ~'~ h =: ~~. ~:.!!. + ...:!' J~ J

A~~tlmms1J~ ;i]i d~'str:f1fwj~d'O dSI ttilns-tiias; 'ftiirlWJis pen SiN d'~lmtJ~:n~ a {JtJror do cfJ'nlJ~fm!i:'ilnt() dfj5 ~~e5 de et'J!~a! e de d'r!fSC1N§iN

Quinagem

------------------------------------------~111111111111

.Ang£J/O de ,ecuperB~iJa elasllca

.A e.stiJt.1mflla 00 a.~W{} de recrJpNayilo eI,9Lstflt.al e ffeG:~s.saria pam qrJe as' f.ierraJD~S poss'aJtl .ser oo.lTjfItid~s ua ~se de pr~~ e a fle:rti(J ~'5a 5N (":{)Jn~'QlIa.

10 1.ii'star B'JIJI'mema nes ~Dmer';ai.s rom maior ~~o limite de eJacstilJfdatJe OM ~OJD J~ai:ar pt'opens.i.o ao ell'l«llliram~lo.

10 tfa.~~'oo a ttjo flaiJHOOm tal: a-ootlemar 10 .SeJl1 ''IIaJorf t1erire,scemo tJ'O:!jl' materiai.s· rom IWetlfil" ~H6dmo de ela$;tieJdade. f-aJuWm as' ()al'imteristi()~s geOOlletffltBLS da ope.mciID imtllliff!!ooiam a ,~iJpera¢", el:a.stf~a'p ~mtl() e rai:o ~ll'ltM.f1r (fJe qulfiJajemJ a a~ra del ~tl:3t1'.fz: if!' a e-Spes'gM da cmpa.

[11

L

(1-~} I1J2'

Cons1'r/S7tllJW a d,sif'nf~! de m'tmsi·o 61 (Lt>tJt.tu:rdo iI:lHe .a; Irec~.~ &:II ,tm ;gm! dtomlnftJ! 6rJstlCO rw.r~da,a ,~'~. de ."oclte~

ILl\'!

l:I---- L:___ fL_

.. I

21' a ,a,a= .. e ,~

j,~~2 - k) ,E'

A r~i:llpe.ra¥:o elastica aumem'a (":{}m e va-tar das tet}sOa' aplroa~ com a diJln-ilruwi!o 00 ~D6dmo de eJaS1:fui:dade do Jnme.rioll com a diJninJ11W§o cia e~'~W8

e (":{}m 10 aumN'JtO do ,mro de lbiuwawra. ~

I~

Ouinaqern

FflCtOl de ,eCI.Jpera~lo eis6tlca

Al.Ue.r.na~)'ana'elrJ~ exls1em "abe-las OOJl~ datloo e.FI-~pirroo~ QW ~~~rl:M'l qlJamil~fia.r a

•

r001J_~(J e:Jast~'ca dB: o,er~~o. Iff: habJlwl 8d:muif ... ss qe a r'e(JuperlNJillo e1~s1iGa se 1HZ. em

t«no da llnha mMl~ obte.ndfl..rSe .peJa cofJ'S'J!aRCia m1 serr romlJnJtJe.IfJ1:'O:.

k =;~ = (2fr~)'l'"1

.tl a;~ (:2rf In )+-1

p,i:!!~.'il:!f' ~i;;~!!:rl'!il;;ijl;i '!Iil.~'j;h~~. ~
Mri!l filii) 'f~! rn = 1 fr!h= I·Q
9 D"r14~ s~ 1-L~' 0.99 OJ.!7
,
SI! 2.j!;4 •. S~ i.1~. 0.88 0.87
.5il 3·24, 5~ 1:3 n.ses [L97
5!l 4-24 • ..s~ 14 O.::r.B~ a.9El
~~ !1TJ!I~!di1J. ... 'e!5. i!_I.:IS~f]~k;M (J.9.j3 0.9,2
_~D3Ii r~l'II'il.iD:i!i lPaliiJ eI~lil~ ~~lT'IpeF;jh!."iiJs. 0.139 0.91
Ao;,~ O1u~'i:1l1rtico:; piLIi:J I:~i::i:li r!empi!:.mwl"il.:Ii Et(!l.g2 o.sss
Nrquel w 0.9[1 (]-E!El
~j 9l'I15 ~1 O.g~ o.ge;
pJ ,~Aa 'I F"il 0.98 OliO
AI ~~'n F 18: D:BB~ 0.936
AI Cu ~ :! F i!Ill· E!.ElI d_6f;
.t"i.I zn I\o'Ig'CI!i 1:5; F,~9 D.~!5 !J.gS Quinagem

--------------------------------------------~1111111111111

• ~WaleJtl ~m~ fo!!UJS' de tta~~Op cmDO e ~fJmDe,mo [illeG~'&1rjo a defOrma~o e ,redm~~ ~aJfJMD a ,reli.:ll-"-'IIe.r;ac~,(J e1astt~a sera ~Dencr

, ifF ..

• SOO~iF.fD da qJl11inaQrenD [00 ar pela q'Jli[i~8Jl1 a mnoo

• fl,eallZ:'a~iI(J das' ~ra!:i~s a ~eJW~tI[ras' e1e1Vad!aL~ _ia q'lllife a ,~ffPem~~t} elaSltrea IveJfJ redJlllZiOO GmfJ Qi dimi[rJmc~(J da teJ1.S'~t} li,n;e de if:Ja,sti'Gidade

_ .:,.; u u

Quinagem

Fo,~a e trab81h 0 de qlllniJgem

Para ~miuar a {o,rgs n:~'~-r:l'a a q~lnilgem em V no MJ t10Jll3~IWr~se a 'fig,ara ~~lr.l!lfRte~ qtll'e ap.r~n~·Bl (I! si.s;hi~jl;lIla de fmc.a~ que .se dese.tllJlmve oofante a optNQ'fioo.

~dmf:l~M~ OOiN [j!.! ~~'~~ qrm-a-,s .~~p~ R sd !Valll~.m'J*Si ~ qU:~1 as {~~8S de atmQr ,F." pOO:.ruB ~11" Ifi8Sp~l (!l J'J'J'a'JJ'larnta t.!'~K!!f' Ha ~jJOI GiltMlid da ~a~ :sera r!JmiOjH!JT:

SfmtpJlfitMJKfD ·al S'ml\i;/t~t'W flrU~ ,a~k1 ,s,am a dmptl'r PI .l§lW'~W ~~'~ .Mj[!! ~e.ssM.e1 ~tl f/J;:JStjt;;CM u mtaf~rkJtie ~ ,~_D tlfi]lI'1I':S1i't~ilf~ cilmpa €jl OOrJ_fl ptH:

TiO'dw~ ~ H~'O ar;rJi l.a;m,os pifl.h1ms- ,ffijl) e (J:f1f1NR.' d'el mmM'!!r EISfIl'm1lU~u .mciflo ~1JS ,Palftl '" vai!!)};' {/Ja f{llrg_~ ArrJ!wlftt:d~8 §,,e lBU;Q as sJm~1tl~B'S'~tjJ1.f(J.rJrB.l.rJ:.1s dm;(}r~M.fil ded~{J1

Quina.gem

--------------------------------------------~1111111111111

• ~1:r~mamS1JlO 01 ,1'ThjtW:~~' ~ eO.MidsTad'ifll

• f.rJ~ df} atfJro desp~ffus

• I!!i9aDfg;s~ IJ;iI mat",!, (JfJ'lJ:!f/*~fia5 ~,S fflc1Kis

AiS"sim is'-1;Y~'HlifI\, al IJItNma' M '-1)9§ fJ~fj9 WJ'J' {lfJJi«' OO~..vifl~ If(. ~I fJifI,: ,K =1+~,!!

If

.A.H'lm~ ~m iclllc,rll;tt a tM~' d'9 tQtfi.rmg!i:\m ism V nrJ al!"j ~'f~.m:l'""S9 ,B' Bgr.rint,s; M~~ms'J"fJ~ bJj~

F' =, I{ cr fir .

!It'

o t~bglho de qwaugsm ,so d.afhJ; .'1iI ,B'rN d~WmJ,ada' ~1'i1; ctl~,iI (]a, klTfili dSI qdl~~1 num gralic.(J f 1'1$ ,d's£i(lcoamMto do ciII'n1:ra\

F

i!)Ulm]!l~ am Y J
qltin~m n~ ar /,1
..
-, .....
»:: ,_,
. !
I Ei;o5ij COiI"'5 a I
I !
;
f !
, I f:m q'U!i:'i! QIW'S. Lrffl C09if!i'dMfti! q'U!i:'i! ~S~ 01 ~'~ de (lwt~J'(J quS! a (,rxp • qW'lI'JagSffl "em cum ;(J CHrso W eunirQ., ~i)"'aJl'drJ! ,gSrn~mMtI! !9ntjqll 0.5 !G! 108:,

Quinagem

Os' tiefei;tg~ Ca'mdoo~s1ic05 ria Me,~iJ(J em t1rJlniruio JQlasfioo m:o if} e.stbej~amemo {defomiP8~o talem~l e ~de..~eJa,

~S1es tew.manns i1eLrem",se ;~ defum1B~'lo kJ.rrgj~mlt (~i.iW1:00 z) da:s "ibil!s ~e.riore~ e tmerimes ~ zo~ d~fM"m:atiJal e. tern o,ri!1~m ,no taao de a zooa daB i~Oldo~ e:star ;sL!Jf\eit~ a' ~WJ estaldo de te"~s.i"o ~laJ~~g.l' em q-Jos:/9ao ea rqw £stJ! veri'MM na Z'O,ni:l

t:eJflml dra t:MpBl fJ:ntie a est.1do de defum1a~'lo ~d~ SWM ~onsi'deradD p1a~"J:.Q.

jlJ"e fa.cr:tt. Ileri:nca..se que relat.i'llameme iJ 'arfJi1RJ fWlimal da. o'i~pa. ,~ ss fimas mais enerrores' ,OOf.rM~ O""Pflm~~SlI e~\rla'"'tJ ~~Je as nlN~"s ~nl1B imw.wls Mit-em ar-OJiWmn':~mo~ origiu,rrt!io It:regHlariJJatfes ~,S 2'Oflas .e'Klrema.s de dobra~em (esDei~an1en~O)1I

lr---o-" _I",....................,:

-

t

-~~~.---~

-:

Quinagem

.DelelIOS de qui nags.1» - esbeipamerMo e eleJto de sela .~nif~ge dos mooo,s de d:efO.rma¢"o de a~s as Z:·o.~:

~r "~

, r

. . . @:.:: . 6" '"

/ V

.e A

~ " . " "

Na mJltl iDMtrm' rfh1 ~~~' (A Q lij' qooJu10 :s.-rIffu1f.1'llrMl'ID1!t9 t:lla~~ rro~· ~"rd.QS 001 ~*l tb"~}1 1»a-~ ~tll'l'&f"t1;g~1~e d.emrnf.i]'f~o _i1W ·'Z·:::' It)

ar :1. ,Cii ~r oon(/j~..(J t/JQ l.f$Elifm nas 6ibr-tls ~f1{JT~ ~.m Bl"e (~~Q tang s rldllJ .aiJnp iQ l'Iiaitrlf',[lf.mlr~

No imp g dq' :c,;UJ"q_ diJi ~_ri'lIl ~C e IJ~ CO.l1Si[~..e tIM.!ft,~ P'~Jml li!P"Z= til' Ii!;~ t.) ffJfJ'f oomll~BD fIB. '·mJfililf>.fi} ~.i!'ae

.54lrg,£l lhifrDmltJ¥ffo 1fJiI' d1 ~iell rnrJial ~l ,~olt_gJ,jlualiJiJJ~' OO~ Cfi!'lII~~!CJa dl1i ~r.ma£::A 0 .~d.t1J

d,;f .

~J:~. - +_- _':"'" lU"'ar - .~, _ ..... e

'iU

Quina.gem

--------------------------------------------~1111111111111

, . _. !i1:~ ~.::l-.-

2

No t}at~ da peya W ~lJna ,relat;t!{[) btl) ~~ rllentt~a...se ~.rure e eleHo de ,rtnali~o das' e~Jtlida'~s .se pmpatJa em Wda a 'argura1 rM{J ,balL1N'1do c"t}J'1di~~' ~m (WlJ!'e e ~staIto de

delianna~o oa zona ~-tmi1'a' poslil'a .set' rolJ5ideratiio ,Jaoo..

~ 0 talJto dai e.rMlfls·~tJi ,radial m ~Iom ceJtJtral ,set' maior do tVMe a oorMspo.n~ ~s eKtteJtlida'~~ teLl"a a q'w a liniYa de dobragmn dai ~ delxe de .ser ,r;ana-1 arigin9noo 0 eteito de sma.

Quinagem

--------------------------------------------~1111111111111

Elementos de PfDjec.10

~;remptoo de ~me:~o do pJaf!~ad(j para eLli'tar ~s n.a;~· zooas de ooNoorc9ncia:

,~dtJ! ~ra' ,evI'~T 0 ,~~if.SdmeJ'Jto 0 l~ras Ju.~O! a~ E.rJ'J'JU dfl1ffrt1rias.;

01

)!!:!rl~]'(.I(:_~l

,i!lt,!l'S r:J ~8 m nrmiil p~oB 6 ~iilf ~ ~ B'16I.~~ Qe '{Irma ,f:fi;I;sI fwlllS :sp!iM,f:fi;I.~

~i'I~

,1!Jc1~'l:ilrJ~ Ii! ~U'rJli'JQ1 paril:ll ~.!i!l raf

,f1e(~~il'B ~1,1hI~

~1

Ouinaqern

Dobragem d'e abu clJrvas

lkJh~'.em Idel [~Ms elfin .eml n ~!IJ.g,em dB p~~ ~ ~i!ia cfriJ~F..,

~(FOn.B'~'~8 ,a' dl'}1Ym" a,Ut'hS ~S' jrJ,",tJs Ie

d~Js Sel1l:t~m arr,aw,s iIf.§ ~-tJlJ1.e1 f/XJ1' ar.r~mlxm"QnW;r tie m.o;ao ,,a ~~&Jnrnj, es ~iwBl !EI n;:!'m~tJ5'1' ~-YltntJdo ~~'dtl~ .mas PBi88' ta Ifni ~das:u

. ,

S hl]l~,.sb I: ,f13Ilg~

~mi1:a' .til' :BStBi!I'o $sw ~f!il]Si:ltiI mlr~~r ,Paf.lii B a,.~,~, Qi3 litIS ~rrt.sr~ iB" ~~Il9.r,~g;;J~ Q!J' ~~~I;.'f~~·

1

~ =!3: =--~

r r .d'"

h

r:: =In-

:I' IT

I

Ma.i:J:::rI~i [~.l,~..-.;:nIltI~rJ,nnib;i, ~
[E~!J' Ri! 1nJ;[;~!!
1...,~[1111!!~~~4;, ~.,.~,o.~ Q~~tlM
I"~'~~ !).2,iII [J.rQ' 0.1
A..:In~j 1lI.:;;t1 iii,OJI? 01 ,1li'iil~e;s1 Q:8,' aIif.~' dE,',5fgJWiIB mBfJs:ilsrs.pwiI .II"r:t!l.1 ~ ~ a!lss !l}!1'Ysts! 82.

Quinagem

N~ ~~~o Irf-9 ~~~ .1 p~ aam qmlll£fll§lt8 mUi~_iJ,S [0 flf-c'jrfmtfs ta ~e ,rit1fiIJir iii saq.uinm n ~u'Jl~ PJftlilZrrm~1 ijijUm~' _Irs ~S'fttG!.Si ':l1/raam!SlMaJSi:

... qU.j:!IItJ! ~~ fie ~Jile~JD ;S~tJl '0' mfntimD

qdl!'iSi 8 fiJ~"" 5.t!j.a g1~lliI'jlV:;et n., qW'iIlIi2a:~a, Oii ~ 'lusl iliJlj'[li !i.~.l'j~Sl.8m ~m~t%'!lfW:ttS, 1jj:ri:I'J1J (liS' !l:!lmJP~ dot illr!:lfil'il'l1d~m

t(]s Igpb~J.rcs (pfJ~fm'wJJJ1Jms tm ~~~JljXt§am ~r ,a'ntMClW9S U.ljl PD'S~~T wnS~,U1;t 'S!e' SltUI\1'J.I1 {.Jill ~~Jl~ tl\[J Iml ~ifD ~ q-mn.tJ.rn.

"as. l~ul1:rl3ooJra\l .SP'm lI:'6RltJJl'i1~ iI':Ium*l~ d;ependMJitJ ~'(JI fJUtJ'lWO' d;@l ~~Sl a q.r.rtiI'JM1l ~s es1'h'IIW(}S "0 ~mtJntNlm;' m"B'lI,l1,ralm1UJte i1~ mOO'a a mmtJr a ~~Ptii rJ!J:ms ~mb4~ ~ .~~'st1 ~l mais aQOil!dml-tm;

[As ili{,lif~'Cam .cilltmt.r.rdo' .Il'rJ}mart~' ~~~!l:Im d~ ill ,:seque,m:ya dB< qH'.rm:gem, PD'S¥.~OmnH autDm13til~tlar:antll es eshtJJi.Jf.QS iElM c:m!-a lQ!um~ ~m.3m~j!Z·Jndo !D te~' f:1.e~~~rO,

Esbamr:a.

~~-~-T(

I I

., LL

.----------.E~. ---::f ~ ·----L __ J·

;:::=.---=::::::;:::-!";

Quina.gem

j • ifl5,~ 11 '15~ ~ .. 1m~1.1(h\1

P,,!

~Rloi]~~

pari!!! ~!i m:!i~~IT1!W:I!l.

- iIRI"!IIJI
....
~
- :J L\
/' 'L
- I \
-
- 7 \ /
.t I \ J
F I r"='
Lf I I ~ II

ED

[ .=J"'--!....---+----!----L-

[-~t t: ?]

l _:~3L :J{r-.J

~
... 1 "
,
~ ED

Quinagem

,
. I
I
~~~~tmlki
--------

,~
EI:j ~ilm i'IiiJ [fill ./
- /"
. r A iI:Ip.e~ifD e"n~3f.s1 .em iB~~ a !l::~ Mltra iQ !CUff ~ ,~ ii]1 r:rNlrr.Q:' {,t,gJ1 {~n ~~ tift. DPem~~ de IJIJ"OOO; a q;Utl' I'll' ,wlgo !lJnf~.o currlitc IS. a mutdz ·~;gfa ~'il'ilf,~ I' e:sp-ess,I1I'Irn' da ic.hn;p1.1..

tII~'f'OO'-:sel sa~l~a EmJI t:·I1ta,os 6.mi1~i ~m ,e'Sp.sSSW"trs Jl'rJwHtwes a 9' mm. ~ p.Bifmfr~ ~.rsj'r 100 [mes.r;nro el~'afJfJ't1I' ill ,r)!,~~!t~iJ; eif1~~r1a d!J .r.rnmm~~',

f!.rJfifJJlptds ,~1tnomt~'m~ siftil; a .~~o ~~1:'a~ de ,e.e:ssu,rnr rei iIll n~~ da 14~ ,e~Jev~B' n,J [.~~.a'1ID

r. (~ ~.i (j.5' il.::5
,
F~n!l',Amm~ :2 P !.-iI' Z5Jii 3fopP+l:
~'ri.!l1li1ffl =Ii r~~ , ..-IIi: ~t:try.a ~~nB il;Ii!lf~6I]18 .ru~ ~ i'U~ .dill I1Ii:I'm' c,a 'fi1m'~eJJ1 ,I!) ill W' .oor.r:e;s!p.~t9

Quinagem

'b l- ~
CUI I IF-'li~
t4--.- ______ .J~ D6b~II_"
, , '" " .
I / i \ I
"
I /' I I \ I
r I \ J
- I I \ }'
-
I I -
- I !
.~ I
~" r Nil, I[li~ilill !I7:G1 quf.a~m li1ei fltlng_ ~tJm t1'1!J\IlI~Ci d-9 t~lst a lestrBmpQi ~I ~S;lrlllfj)n.Bda na I~memil ahV*' de 1Lm'J ,Mcostad'-or q',u>i:it.a ~nrJ'e ~l S~'IlIV(il'.d mt3tnz,

A do" ~Am d.al aba 9 .91oEECtuntia. iilfilUV;9s' d,f) I'.BI:l! lV,i~ ~1!S!'JQI'iI .dan tfj dD cr.rnl"r", JJfJtJMrlO !DI ;8cRn~~ de qrn'rmg,Elm ~ dWfliMHfll±i1 [~S! :Ii~~ ~ tn n_fli. iikJl 6Z111rS'-O • CcIlfI1t1:hi2.,

F

riD' u IIIf 11:....1 ...

I ~.~!llh,

Quinagem

----------------------------------------~111111111111