V Ethanol is made by fermenting and then

distilling starch or sugar crops such as

~ sugar-cane,
~ maize,
~ sorghum,
~ wheat and other grains, or
~ even cornstalks,
~ fruit and
~ vegetable waste.
V Ethanol (C2H5OH) is a chemical compound that is
made up of three basic elements i.e. carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen.
V This agent has no color and taste but has a distinctive
smell and is flammable also.
V Also known by the names ethyl alcohol or grain
alcohol, is used primarily as a significant ingredient in
alcoholic beverages and as a fuel.
V Ethanol is also considered as a clean-burning added
feature to gasoline.
V To produce this chemical, either sugar from the
various agricultural crops are fermented or it is
produced chemically with the help of ethylene.
V Has wide range of uses.
V Also, the chemical has got some unique physical
properties that makes it even more viable constituent in
various other uses.
V Ethanol is an easily soluble component, and when mixed
with water, it reduces the surface tension of water.
V The main demand of ethanol arises from the transport
sector as the chemical provides an efficient fuel when
mixed with petrol. Countries started using ethanol blended
gasoline in vehicles & rockets (Virgin Airlines)
V Also, ethanol has been used in the fermented and distilled
alcoholic beverages since a long time that include
whiskies, brandies, rum, vodka and beers.
V Chemicals like nail polish, vinegar, agricultural chemicals
etc are also made by using ethanol.
The main ethanol consuming countries are
V Brazil
V USA
V India
V European Union
V Japan
V Mexico
V China
V Korea
V Thailand
 Ôegarding the world trade in the context of ethanol,
the major player is European Union as it is the major
exporter of the chemical compound.
The leading countries in the ethanol exporters list are
V European Union
V United States
V Brazil
V China
V Thailand
V France
V South Africa
V United Kingdom
 roduction of ethanol involves a complicated and a systematic
procedure. As mentioned earlier, ethanol can be produced by
two ways either biologically or chemically
V Fermentation - The traditional and the most commonly used
method of preparing ethanol is the biological method in which
the sugars of various agricultural crops like sugarcane, corn,
wheat, barley, cassava, rice, grains, sugarcane, sweet sorghum,
sugar beet, rye are fermented with yeast. The process of growing
yeast to produce alcohol is called brewing. This process is
capable of producing only small amounts of ethanol.

V Ethylene hydration ² This is the second method of producing

ethanol in which ethylene is hydrated with the help of an acid
catalyst usually phosphoric acid. Charcoal is also an important
component that helps in the hydration process and extracting
ethanol.
V The result of either of the above two
processes is ethanol ² water mixture that
must be purified before use.
V The processes of fractional distillation is
performed to concentrate the ethanol
content and then drying of ethanol is
done with the help of lime, salt,
molecular sieve etc which brings it to its
purest form.
 The list depicting the largest ethanol producers of the
world with their production figures are
V Brazil (3989 million gallons)
V USA (3535 million gallons)
V China (964 million gallons)
V India (462 million gallons)
V France (219 million gallons)
V Ôussia (198 million gallons)
V South Africa (110 million gallons)
V United Kingdom (106 million gallons)
V Saudi Arabia (79 million gallons)
V Spain (79 million gallons)
V 4th largest producer of ethanol in the world and
the second largest producer in Asia after
China.

V Utilization rate in the country is usually low.

V There are very few ethanol plants in India &
many more are proposed to comeup.
V Most of the plants are located in the states of
~ Uttar radesh
~ Maharashtra
~ Tamil Nadu
V x
 
  
    

 
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V In India, ethanol is not traded in the commodity
exchanges like the other commodities even though
the country is a significant player in the world market.
V Has got potential of becoming one of major player in
the world ethanol market as it has ample capacity to
produce the chemical compound almost double of
its current produce.
V But due to a lower utilization rate, India has to
constrain its production level. The current production
of the chemical in the country hovers around 460
million gallons annually.
V The production of ethanol in the country has been
increasing and is estimated to increase further in the
future.
V The use of ethanol in petrol has proved
to be advantageous as it enables a
good combustion and that is why, the
use of petrol with a min. of 20% ethanol
content (E20) by 2017 has been made
compulsory by the government.
V The country should also focus on exports.
V Dorld·s ethanol production will pass 20 Bn
gallons in 2012.
V Ethanol production is expected to grow in
2008 - 2012 with CAGÔ about 5%.
V U.S. and Brazil are leading the world in
production of ethanol.
V Emergence of new ethanol producers in
Asia and Latin America.
V Cuba has the capacity to manufacture as
much as 3.2 billion gallons of ethanol
annually from its sugar crop.
V High oil prices.
V National energy security considerations.
V Ethanol tax incentives.
V Improved technology - lower costs of
ethanol production.
V Climate change concerns.
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V ÔNCOS has released its Asia acific Biofuel
Market Forecast, and projected that the
global ethanol business would achieve a
14.7 percent compound annual growth
rate in market value between 2006 and
2016.
V The reports also projects a 26.4 billion gallon
global ethanol market by 2014, but
projected a compound annual growth rate
of 2.51 percent in China for the 2007-2015
period, and 2 percent in India.
V In September of 2009 the National Biofuel
olicy was proposed in India.
V The document states goals, strategies and
finacial stimuli to prepare India for the
massive use of biofuels.
V One of the goals is to blend 20% ethanol
into the gasoline mix by the year 2017.
V Unfortunately the proposal hasn·t passed
throw government yet, however when this
will, the Indian biofuel market will
exponentially grow.
V roduct
V rice
V lace
V romotion
V eople
V Strategy to find skilled workers in a tight
job market
V Fuel
V Alcoholic Beverage
V Chemical Constituents of Ethanol
V Antiseptic
V Solvent (found in paints, tinctures,
perfumes)
À

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