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Electrostatics

A point charge q is placed at a point P a distance b from the center C of an


earthed conducting sphere of radius a < b . It can be shown that the potential V
everywhere in the space outside and on the sphere is the same as would arise fro
just two charges (with the sphere removed); the original charge q at P and a
qa
second charge of magnitude − b placed between C and P, and on the line
2
joining them, a distance a b from C.

i. Verify that these two charges do give V = 0 at the two points at


which the line CP meets the sphere’s surface, and also on the
circumference of the sphere which lies in a plane to which CP is
normal.

ii. Verify that V = 0 everywhere on the sphere’s surface. (Consider a


point X on the surface, the radius to which makes an angle θ with
CP.)

iii. Consider the physical situation represented by the previously


qa
described pair of charges together with a charge b at C, and
hence show that a charge Q placed a distance R from the center of
an isolated uncharged conducting sphere of radius a experiences a
force of attraction towards the sphere of magnitude

Q2  a ( 2R − a ) 
 3 2 2 

4π ε 0  R3 ( R 2 − a 2 ) 2 
 

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