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< Location: Central Africa, east
of Democratic Republic of the
Congo
< Population: 11,055,976
< Ethnic groups: Hutu (Bantu)
84%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 15%, Twa
(Pygmy) 1%
< Independence: 1 July 1962
(from Belgium-administered
UN trusteeship)

< Current President: Paul

KAGAME
 
   

 

< Belgians divided Rwandan people into three groups
< Ethnic separation were based on physical appearance especially
their nose and height which has created Rwandan identity
< Belgians missionaries increased hatred between groups regarding
Rwandan skin color.
< Tusti were superior and Majority , but Hutu were inferior based on
the colony classification for centuries
< France and Belgium ,USA & UK fueled the war
< Before its independence, Tutsi minority hold the control of power
< Hutu Emancipation movement overthrown the Tutsi monarch rule
and the new Independent Rwanda led by Hutu Grégoire
Kayibanda
< Since 1962 Hutu governments attacked Tutsies
< 1972 Tutsis killed thousands Hutu in mass
 
   

 

< Tutsis who lived in exile mostly joined National
Resistance Movement after 1980
< Tutsi DzRwandan Patriotic Frontdz seeks to return the right
of exiled Tutsies
< RPF rebelled against the government and civil war started
in 1990. Tutsi Militia invaded Rwanda
< Government suppressed Tutsies
< Habyarimana tried to monopolize power
< He refused to share power with RPF
< Arusha Accord stationed RPF in Capital city
< Threats Increased when RPF tried to retain power and
Habyarimana seeks to strengthen its power
< 2000 Tutsies were killed in 1993 and 10,000 imprisoned
   
  

< 6n April 6th 1994 the plane
carrying Rwandaǯs president
Habyarimana and Burundi
president Ntaryamira was
shot down
< Tutsi RPF accused
ñ
 
 
ñ
 
 
< Media played negative role during
Genocide
< Kangura newspaper and Rwanda
Radio station RTLM played a huge
role in fueling genocide and Tutsi
massacre
< Media Directly targeted Tutsi
minorities
< Tutsi and Hutu forced to use ID card
< Physical appearance and color used
to identify Tutsi and Hutus
< Hutu Militias such as
(Interhamwe)and Rwanda Army are
responsible for killings
ñ
 
 
< Machetes and clubs widely used in
Rwandan Genocide
< Businessman and politicians urged
Hutus to wipe Tutsis
< At the first step, Hutu extremists
asked Hutus to kill their Tutsi
neighbors
< Those who refused Tutsi Genocide
had been killed
< The genocide were out of control
6 
 ñ  
 




ñ
 
< 2,500 UN solders were in Rwanda, but
they were withdraw after killing 10
Belgium solders
< UN early warned by Canadian general
Romeo Alain Dallaire, but UN remained
silent
< Romeo Alain Dallaire asked for more
peacekeeper troops to stop violence, but
UN refused and worked in opposite
< Dallaire kept the life of 20,000 with 260
solders
< UN failed to prevent killing more than
800,000
6 
 ñ  
 




ñ
 
< Cameron, France, Belgians , the USA,
UK played negative role during the
genocide
< France and Cameron Backed Hutus
< Belgian withdraw its solder and fueled
war. Backed Tutsi
< The USA and UK lobbied in the UN for
total UNAMIR withdrawal
< International organization were silent
< UN admitted its failure and UN security
council accepted its responsibility for
not preventing genocide
g
 
 
 ñ

< RPF victory and overthrown Hutu
government in July 1994
< 6ver one million people were killed in
100 days
< 6nly 10% were Hutus
< 2 millions were fled country (Mostly
Hutu extremists)
< Many people having mental problem
due to the scene of the genocide
< Buildings, roads, schools, churches
were destroyed
< Poverty expanded
g
 
 
  
 ñ

< 500,000 women and girls
were tortured, raped and
abused
< 70% of displaced were
women
< 80% house holds run by
women [ 
 
 
 
< Women have sexually     

   

transmitted diseases

  
especially HIV
  
 
< Many adapt orphanage 
  



      
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< over ¼ million children have
been orphaned by AIDS
< Some children have lived
alone and take
responsibilities of their
siblings
< Children have been
traumatized by those scenes
< They have confronted several
problem such as education,
poverty and diseases

DzIf daddy and mummy were theredz

 
 

< Many of the war criminals jailed and some of them were excuted
< 2, 211 criminals were faced justic
< Democratically elected government formed
< The government tried to impose justices
< Improved its court system
< The government and International organization played a role in
post war reconciliation
< Internationally supports for disarmament and demobilization
program for Rwandan rebels outside of the country
< In March 2003 Paul Kagame won the first national election


 Colonies are root of graveness between ethnic groups in Rwanda
 Historical hatred, revenge, monopolization of power, external causes,
civil war, killing Habyarimana were causes of genocide
 Genocide begun in April to July 1994
 The genocide resulted in killing 1 million of people mostly were Tutsi
 UN and international governments did nothing to stop Rwandan
Genocide
 Many were raped, poverty increased, trauma and HIV widespread,
children and women were the cost of war
 In July 4, 1994 Rwandan Patriotic front liberated Rwanda and ended
100 days of genocide
 Many genocide criminals were prosecuted and many were jailed
 The country now is in the process of reconstruction and post-war
reconciliation
j 

1- http://www.gov.rw/page.php?id_article=19
2- http://www.globalissues.org/article/429/rwanda
3- http://www.author-
me.com/nonfiction/rwandagenocide.htm
4- http://www.usip.org/publications/post-genocidal-
reconstruction-building-peace-rwanda-and-burundi
6- http://www.hmd.org.uk/news/item/end-of-rwandan-
genocide
7- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/714025.stm
9- http://www.preventgenocide.org/prevent/scherrer.htm
10- http://effectsofthegenocide.blogspot.com/
11- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_Genocide