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A SPECIAL HISTORICAL REPRINT FROM TeOM SPECULUM, VOLUME 1, 1974

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This act is as an ancient tale new told

The roots of osteopathic medicine are inseparably linked to philosophies of a Greek from Cos who observed that "it is our natures that are the physicians of our diseases." Hippocrates believed that the proper basis for the study of medicine should be man, a complex, integrated unit, at one with his environment. Disease processes, whether they originate from within or without the individual, are not relieved by the meddling of the physician, but by the body's natural ability to heal itself.

Although this philosophy was reinstated and given credibility by such notable physicians as Sydenham, Boerhaav, and Hahnemann, it was the Cnidian school of thought that permeated medical practice in the mid 1800's when osteopathic medicine made its debut. Proponents of the Cnidian school believed that the approach to medicine should be through the study of disease itself. This, they thought, was a more practical way to deal with the maladies of man.

In 1874, before the discovery of the tubercle bacillus, x-ray, or antiseptic surgery, the tenets of osteopathic medicine were announced by a Missouri physician, Andrew T. Still, It is not surprising that they were immediately rejected by a very conservative medical profession who were at that same time scoffing at Lister's ideas on antiseptic surgery. Despite overwhelming opposition, a new school of medicine was formally begun at Kirksville, Missouri in November of 1892.

The core element in the philosophy of osteopathic medicine was, from the inception, the intrinsic ability of the body to heal itself if the body parts were functioning in proper relationship to each other. With this concept as a base, attention was directed toward the role of the musculoskeletal system as it relates to the function of the human organism. Could such a massive system,

King John: IV, 2, 18

First Osteopathic Hospital, 1899.

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so long neglected by traditional medicine, playa part in the total function of the body's various parts? Adhering to a holistic philosophy there could be no doubt that there is a relationship between structure and function and that the normalization of structure is essential to normalization of function. Hence, manipulative therapy became an important element in the practice of osteopathic medicine.

Throughout the 1900's, many discoveries were made concerning the nature of the disease process as well as new modalities in the treatment of disease. Th€ osteopathic school of medicine has embraced these discoveries and modalities while still clinging to a holistic approach to patient care. Conversely, orthodox medicine has come to accept, albeit slowly, many of the concepts heretofore peculiar to osteopathic medical thought. Even manipulative therapy is being practiced by some allopa-

Third annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Osteopathy, at Indianapolis, Indiana in 1899.

thic (a term for members of the dominant school of medicine coined by Hahnemann) physicians today, who have formed such organizations as the North American Academy of Manipulative Therapy.

Although many of the gaps appear to be narrowing between the two major schools of medicine today, the osteopathic profession remains steadfast in its adherence to the holistic philosophy of Hippocrates. In keeping with this approach, the majority of osteopathic physicians have been practitioners of family medicine, whereas their allopathic colleagues have taken the path of subspeciality training. The time has come that government has realized the folly of a medical profession made of researchers and superspecialists and this has given the osteopathic profession a new impetus and, for the time being anyway, another raison d'etre.

Either our history shall with full mouth Speak freely of our acts, or else our grave,

Like Turkish mute, shall have a tongueless mouth, Not worshipp'd with a waxen epitaph.

The practice of osteopathic medicine in Texas began, oddly enough, with a homeopathic physician (M.D.)_:Dr. F.S. Davis of Dallas. Dr. Davis graduated with the first graduating class of the American School of Osteopathy in 1894 and practiced a brand of medicine which included homeopathic as well as osteopathic principles.

The first physician in Texas to practice as a D.O. was Dr. D.L. Clark of Sherman. Dr. Clark received his degree after two years of study at the American School of Osteopathy in 1898, and it is interesting to note that during this same period, approximately eighty percent of the doctors in Texas had less than a year of formal medical training. Dr. Clark worked diligently in Sherman for his profession and patients and became the first president of the Texas Association for the Advancement of Osteopathy (now the TOM A). In 1905, Dr. Clark moved to Colorado due to his failing health where he practiced until his death in 1936.

Shortly after the arrival of Dr. Clark to Sherman, another osteopathic physician came to practice in Texas. Dr. Thomas L. Ray was a graduate of the American School of Osteopathy and practiced in Fort Worth. Dr. Ray served as president of both the national and state osteopathic associations. Both Drs. Clark and Ray were of necessity very active in the political affairs of their time.

'Prior to 1901, laws regulating the practice of medicine in Texas were almost nonexistent. All one needed was a diploma or, in the absence of such a diploma, fifteen dollars was sufficient to obtain a license to practice. It is reported that the entire freshman class of one medical school was invited to attend a special meeting of a district licensing board for the purpose of ob-

King Henry V: 1,2, 230

taining licensure to practice medicine. In less than one month following their visit, two-thirds of that freshman class were engaged in active medical practice. Along with incidents of this nature, the state was becoming fertile ground for medicine men selling instant cures and practicing totally irrational and unscientific therapeutics.

As a result of this, a bill known as the "Wilson Act" was introduced in the legislature. This Act was aimed at eliminating practitioners of the occult and the unorthodox. Practitioners of the osteopathic school of medicine were not affected by the Wilson Act thanks to the efforts of Dr. D.L. Clark.

. Continuing their efforts to upgrade the standards of medical practice, the legislature in 1901 enacted a law establishing three boards of medical exam-

Above, Dr. D.L. Clark. Below, minutes from the first meeting of the State Association.

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iners: a Board of Medical Examiners (Allopathic); a Board of Eclectic Medical Examiners; and a Board of Homeopathic Examiners. The law also stated that the boards were to be composed of 9 members appointed by the governor for two-year terms. Members were required to have been in practice for at least five years and could not be members of any medical school faculty. The board of medical examiners accepted diplomas as a basis of licensure from "bona fide medical colleges of respectable standing."

Ominously missing from the 1901 medical practice act was any provision for a board of osteopathic medical examiners. Not content with the permissive proviso of the "Wilson Act" the growing profession began to push for the creation of an independent board of osteopathic medical examiners. The apparent reason for this was that many new practitioners were moving to Texas bringing discredit to the profession. In order to survive, it was essential to have some means of examining those osteopathic physicians who wished to practice in Texas.

It was reported at the 5th annual meeting of the Texas Osteopathic Medical Association in 1905 that a bill creating an independent Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners had passed the Senate by a vote of 13 to 11, but the House adjourned before the bill could be reached on the calendar.

In the interim, it had become obvious to the majority school that the imperfections of the three board plan were many. Various "medical" groups were showing up in Texas and establishing their own colleges. In Glen Rose, the Texas Quadopath College of Science was advertising miracle cures and in Dallas the Physic-Medical College of Texas had opened (Physic-medicine believed only in plant remedies for disease).

There was a growing feeling that there had been enough division in the medical profession and that there was room for no more. Medicine, if indeed a science, had no more room for different creeds than did chemistry. This same feeling was asserted by some members

of the minority schools of medicine exemplified in a statement by an eloquent homeopathic physician from San Antonio, Dr. Milton J. B1eim:

"The keynote of modern civilization is union: This zeit-geist has finally gripped the medical profession, and under the resultant consolidation of its organized forces the status of the profession has already been revolutionized. We may well rejoice, too, that the leaders in this movement have been actuated by the loftiest motives and that the highest ideals have been the beacon lights of guidance. The sweet-spirited Osler has spoken the typical words in his farewell address on "Unity, Peace & Concord." McCormack-that greathearted bishop of the medical profession-is daily preaching the gospel of peace and goodwill to all doctors. Under the inspiration of his fraternal spirit, factional and school lines-the heritage of misunderstanding, and enmities of historical lineage-bid fair to disappear. Accepting conditions as they are, I made the heavy sacrifice of resigning from homeopathic societies in . which I held lifelong memberships, and .... in which I cherished lifelong friendships. I risked the loss of both the •.... friendships and goodwill of old friends ••.•. by a seeming act of treason. But I sac- .' rificed no iota of principle or conviction in changing my society affiliations, while I counterbalanced my loss by the hope of gaining a larger usefulness for myself and the greater good of the whole . . . In the grand, central societies of the county, state and nation, we would all come together to study, and to put into practice those vital truths common to us all.

Not all members of the minority schools were, however, ready to align themselves with this philosophy. They opposed attempts to institute a unified board of medical examiners for fear that they would be absorbed by the majority profession. Many meetings were held among the several schools of medicine in hopes of attaining a compromise bill.

A compromise bill was worked out, and included in it was a clause granting license to practice to all graduate osteo-

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pathic physicians in Texas who were residents at the time of passage of the measure. It further stated that all future applicants for licensure as physicians in Texas should take identical examinations before a unified board-in which no school should have a majority-without regard to schools.

The attorney for the Texas Osteopathic Medical Association suggested that a compromise be accepted and this was approved by the legislative committee, TOMA, by a: 2:1 vote. The final decision was left in the hands of Dr. J.L. Holloway who was then president of the State Association.

Dr. Holloway, with much trepidation decided to accept the compromise and on Feb. 26, 1907, the legislative committees of the allopathic, osteopathic, homeopathic, eclectic & physiornedical groups signed a statement that the compromise bill was acceptable to their respective organizations. This coalition assured passage of the bill in the legislature, and on April 17, 1907, it was signed into a law by Governor T.M. Campbell.

The first osteopathic physician appointed to the composite board was J.F. Baily, D.O. of Waco. Representing the allopathic school were E.P. Becton, of Greenville; W.B. Collins, of Lovelady; J.J. Dail, of Sulphur Springs; G.B. Foscue, of Waco; and J.D. Osburn of Cleburne. The eclectics were M.E. Daniel of Honey Grove and J.P. Rice of San Antonio; T.J. Crowe, of Dallas and J.D. Mitchell of Fort Worth represented the homeopaths. R.O. Brasewell of Mineral Wells was the physio-medical appointee. The early career of this board was one of confusion and chaos. Mandamus suits were filed from one end of Texas to the other. Eventually, through the cooperation among the board members, problems were resolved and the board functioned successfully. All candidates for licensure were carefully examined without regard to school of medicine in all scientific disciplines. As a result, much of the quackery that had pervaded the practice of medicine in the preceding years had to end.

As medicine became more sophisticated, the need for hospitals became

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more acute, even for the small town physician. Osteopathic physicians found it difficult, if not impossible, to gain privileges at most hospitals in Texas in the early 1900's. As a result, many osteopathic physicians joined together and established their own hospitals most of which were in remodeled old homes-a practice not uncommon in that time.

In 1928 several physicians including Drs. J.H. Chandler, R.H. Moore, and Lester Vick organized the Osteopathic Hospital of Amarillo in an old six room house. This event marked the beginning of a dual system of health care facilities in Texas-a system that has in recent years come under attack by various governmental agencies for needless duplication of services and blatant misuse of tax funds.

As the years passed, many osteopathic hospitals were built throughout the state. One of the more prestigious within the osteopathic profession was the Fort Worth Osteopathic Hospital.

This hospital had its humble beginnings in the old Durringer home on Summit Avenue in 1946. Dr. Roy B. Fisher bought this home and converted the lower floor into a 8-10 bed hospital while he maintained his residence in an upstairs apartment.

As the hospital's medical staff grew, it became obvious that there was need for a larger, more modem structure.

Through the efforts of Dr. Phil Russell and the benevolence of two of his patients, Amon G. Carter and Sid W. Richardson, a new hospital was built on Camp Bowie Blvd. Mi. Carter, one of

Fort Worth's leading citizens and philanthropists, was once a member of the board of the Methodist Hospital, a position which he resigned when Dr. Russell was denied staff privileges at that institution. He felt very strongly that the people should have the right to choose their personal physician, M.D. or D.O. As a result, he was instrumental in aiding the growth of Ft. Worth Osteopathic Hospital insisting that in this hospital every patient who entered would have a free choice of physicians, D.O. or M.D. Although, even today, there are no M.D.'s on the hospital staff, there are a number who do consultations for the hospital.

Soon after the new 25·bed hospital was completed, a need for more room became apparent. Mr. Carter purchased the land on which the present hospital stands and the first Hill-Burton funds granted to an osteopathic institution in Texas were acquired which, incidentally, were matched by Amon Carter. In 1956, construction began and after several additions and remodelings the present structure totaling approximately two hundred beds was completed.

Recently, Hamilton and Associates, an outside firm, studied the adequacies of the hospital's facilities and projected

THE GRAND OLD MAN OF TEXAS OSTEOPATHY. Dr. Phil R Russell has played an important part in the osteopathic medical profession in Texas over the years. Left page, top, he was shown as a member of an early Texas State Board of Medical Examiners, top row, second from the right. Also identified in the top I'OW, first on left, was Dr. Ralph Peterson. !nmwdiately below, past presidents of the 'I'exas Osteo-

pathic Association gathered for their portrait in 1928. They included, top row from left, Drs. Charles Kenney, Larkin, Smith, Masan, Phil R. Russell, Cy Ray. Bottom, Drs. Genevieve Laughlin, Davis, Bailey, Horace Walker, Call, S.L. Scothorn, R. Norwood, A.D. Ray, Paul Peck, and F.L. Ray, At left, Dr. Phil, third from left, watched as Gov. Allan Shivers signed the Doctors' Title Bill in the early 1950's. To his left were Drs.

George Luibel, Sam Sparks, and Elmer Baum.

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Top the original Fort Worth Osteopathic Hospital. Center, three staff doctors break ground for the present FWOH, left to right, Drs. George F. Pease, Phil R. Russell, and Roy B. Fisher. Right, construction under way.

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expansion upwards to some 600 beds in the near future.

As hospitals have grown in Texas so has the profession, today totaling some 900 physicians 70% of whom are family physicians. Recognition of the progress made in Texas in the last several dec. r ades has come from federal as well as J state agencies. In the recent past, hos. pitals previously excluding osteopathic physicians have opened their doors and now welcome the osteopathic physician. p Also, D.O. interns and residents have 0 been accepted as house staff by such C prestigious institutions as the M.D. An d derson Tumor Institute, SL Luke Hos. n pital and the Scott and White Hospital. c

In October of 1971, it was reported e that the Texas Medical Association had n adopted a policy statement on th€ 0 means by which the professions of Os- Ii teopathic Medicine and Allopathic p Medicine could amalgamate. This ac- F tion elicited a strong response by then TOMA president Richard Hall, D.O. in 0 his famous, "We will fight you in the t! streets ... statement published in the it Journal of the TOMA. b

In May of 1972, the Texas Medical b Association proposed that D.O.s Ii- rr censed to practice medicine and sur- rr gery in Texas may become members of p; the Texas Medical Association on the '1' same basis as M~D.s through county SI medical societies. Organized osteopathic medicine in Texas under the di- II rection of Dr. Robert Haman on May li, 31, 1972, rejected this proposal in an If open letter reiterating that any osteo- St pathic physician accepting membership f( in the AMA or any of its political sub- 01 divisions would be subject to "dis- Ol cipline up to and including expulsion"

from both the AOA and TOMA. tc

What lies ahead for the osteopathic 1) medical profession in Texas? Certainly tc its tradition of excellence will be main- ti tained and strengthened-vanything w else is for the future to decide. . . t:

m

C g; o

rs U

To be, or not to be: that is the question:

'Ilhe idea of establishing an osteopathic medical school in Texas developed as a request from the American Osteopathic Association to consider the development of new colleges in order to meet the demands for additional physicians. The Southern Regional Conference, an appointee group by the governors of several states had urged that an osteopathic medical school be established in the South. Funds for this purpose were to come from the Southern Regional Conference.

At the executive committee meeting of the Board of Trustees of Texas Osteopathic Medical Association in 1961, it was recommended that a committee be appointed to investigate the possibility of establishing an osteopathic medical school in Texas. Such a committee was appointed by G.W. Tompson, of Houston, then president of Texas Association of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons.

The early work of the Committee to Investigate the Feasibility of Establishing an Osteopathic Medical School in Texas was primarily concerned with securing appropriations from the State for tuition grants to Texans who were enrolled in osteopathic medical schools outside the state of Texas.

On May 1, 1963, at the Shamrock Hilton Hotel in Houston, a resolution from District 2 was adopted and presented to the House of Delegates. This resolution set forth five directives which were perhaps the first aggressive plans toward establishing an osteopathic medical school in Texas.

In May of 1965, L. G. Ballard, D.O., Chairman of the Committee to Investigate the Feasibility of Establishing an Osteopathic Medical School in Texas, reported that the primary efforts of the Committee had reverted to obtain-

Hamlet: IU, 1, 56

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George J. Luibel, D.O.

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ing scholarships for Texas students in out-o f-s tat.e osteopathic medical schools. Four years had passed and the formation of a school appeared still no closer to realization,

Then, in late 1965 under the direction of George J. Luibel, D.O., the Committee to Establish a School of Osteopathic Medicine in Texas, forwarded to the Board of Trustees of Texas Osteopathic Medical Association the following recommendations:

1. That a foundation be established in order to accept money, land, etc., and to maintain an osteopathic medical school in Texas.

2. That the board hire an expert in the field of medical education to survey the state and recommend a suitable locale for the proposed college.

3. That any planning include the possibility of the proposed college becoming part of an existing educational complex.

4. That the possibility of acquiring an existing osteopathic medical school and moving it in toto to Texas be explored. 5. That any proposed college be established in an area where suitable teach. ing facilities, qualified clinicians, etc., are available.

6. That a substantial initial contribution be made to "get the ball rolling."

Due to inaction on the part of the Board of Trustees on these recommendations, Dr. Luibel's committee recommended that the committee be disbanded.

On May 2, 1966, the Committee to Establish an Osteopathic Medical School in Texas reported to the Board of Trustees of Texas Osteopathic Medical Association that the College of Osteopathic Medicine & Surgery of Des Moines had been contacted concerning the possibility of moving their institution to Texas. The College officials had visited the Dallas-Fort Worth area and met with an enthusiastic Council on Development of the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce in April of 1966. The Chamber of Commerce was, following their meeting with College of Osteopathic Medicine & Surgery, actively seeking a 60-acre site to be used, were the college to relocate in Texas.

1\s a result of these developments, it was resolved that a formal invitation be extended to the Des Moines College by the Texas Osteopathic Medical Association to relocate in Texas and that $75,000 be appropriated to the college to -initiate this endeavor. This resolution was unanimously approved by the Board of Trustees and also by the House of Delegates who met on May 4, 1966, in Corpus Christi.

Without a formal response from the College of Osteopathic Medicine & Surgery a perpetual Charter was obtained from the State of Texas for the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine. The articles of incorporation, obtained on June 15, 1966, provided for the granting of diplomas to "those who become proficient in sciences, medicine & surgery necessary in the treatment and healing of diseases and ailments of persons." It also provided for the establishment of schools for the training of nurses, technicians and graduate students, as well as the right to maintain clinics, hospitals, libraries and research facilities. The degrees which were authorized included the D.O., M.S., & "other academic degrees and certificates of achievements, including honorary degrees which are or may be usual among academic institutions."

Under this charter, the city of Fort Worth was designated as the principal place of business of the new corporation and the initial directors were:

George J. Luibel, D.O., D.D. Beyer, D.O. and Carl E. Everett, D,O. all of Fort Worth.

In December of 1966, the Chairman of the Committee to Establish an Osteopathic Medical School in Texas reported the Des Moines College of Osteopathic Medicine & Surgery had declined the offer to relocate in Fort Worth and that the Board of Trustees of the American Osteopathic Association had made available in their July meeting, $30,000 for the development of the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine.

Although the offer of relocation of College of Osteopathic Medicine & Surgery was refused, the momentum was finally achieved among those com-

We are such stuff as dreams are made on;

The Tempest: IV, 1, 156

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Ad Hili; committee inspects the Arlington land. Gathered around development plans are (from left) Drs. D. D. Beyer, R. Hall, G. Luibel, architect G. Sowden, and an unidentified contractor.

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mitted to establishing a college of osteopathic medicine in Texas. At that same Board of Trustees meeting of December, 1966, the Committee to Establish an Osteopathic Medical School was instructed to proceed with a fund-raising campaign for the new school. Much time and effort was spent on investigating methods of support for the new school but the most important initial support came from the profession itself. In May of 1968 during the state convention in Houston, a campaign for financial support for TCOM was begun. Pledge cards were circulated and a total of approximately $100,000 in pledges was received. This represented support for the college by 85% of all practicing osteopathic physicians in Texas. The first grant from outside the profession came from Mrs. George F. McQueen, a patient-friend of Dr. Luibel, who gave $10,000 to the college.

In April of 1969, Mr. Ray Stokes of Fort Worth was hired as the college's first full-time employee. Mr. Stokes assumed the position of Director of Development and Public Relations.

On May 1, 1969, the first college office building was opened in the Summit Building, 1500 W. 5th Street, Fort Worth. This event was coupled with an authorization by the Board of Trustees of the Texas Osteopathic Medical Association of "up to $20,000 as grant-in-aid to the 1969-70 fiscal year, on the basis of their requirements and needs as determined by the Liaison Committee, the Texas Association of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons, Board of Trustees of Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine."

The multiplicity of problems, financial and otherwise, inherent in establishing TCOM were highlighted by the problems of selecting a permanent site for the campus. Many prospective sites were considered and investigated including the First Baptist Church at Summit and West 5th Street, the U.S. Public Health Hospital in South Fort Worth, the Texas and Pacific Passenger Station, and a part of the Fort Worth Christian College near Hurst and Richland Hills. Although these and other sites were investigated, the most serious offer came from Arlington" Texas, through the efforts of Bobby Gene Smith, D.O., a practicing physician in that city and the president-elect of the Texas Osteopathic Medical Association

Dr. Smith had obtained a very gener-

ous offer of 50 acres of land valued at about $300,000 in Arlington from W.T. (Hooker) Vandergriff and Carlisle Cravens. In March of 1970, the House of Delegates of the Texas Osteopathic Medical Association Committee to TCOM unanimously recommended that the Board of Directors of TCOM accept the Arlington land as the permanent campus site. The TCOM Board of Directors the following month voted to accept the Arlington offer as a permanent campus site on which facilities were to be built costing an estimated twenty million dollars. Until construction could be completed, plans were made to utilize the fifth floor of Fort Worth Osteopathic Hospital as a temporary teaching facility for the first class scheduled to enroll in October, 1970.

For many reasons, financial and otherwise, building never commenced on the Arlington property. In the faJl of 1972, after the college had affiliated with North Texas State University on a contractual basis, Mayor Tom Vandergriff, then member of the Advisory Board to TCOM, contacted Dr. George Luibel and suggested that unless the college had feasible plans for the land in the foreseeable future, it might be advisable to return the land to its do" nors, The Board of TCOM acceded to this request.

Although the Arlington property never became the permanent campus for TCOM, it was a substantial asset at a time when the college had few real assets. As such, it attracted additional support, aid, and involvement of many individuals and organizations.

A step of major importance to finally opening the doors of the college occurred October 1, 1969, with the ap" pointment of Henry B. Hardt, Ph.D. as Associate Dean and Chief Administrative Officer of the new medical college. Dr. Hardt received his B.A. & M.A. degrees from Southwestern Uni-

. versity, Georgetown, Texas and received another M.A. & a Ph.D. degree from Columbia University in New York. His professional experience included positions at Texas Wesleyan College, Columbia University. Westminster College, Stephen F. Austin

He uiear« the rose of youth upon him.

Antony and Cleopatra: III, 13, 20

AI left, Ray Stokes, Director of Development, raising funds and. support from TeOM at the 1970 TOMA convention in Lubbock. With him are Drs. Phil Russell and T. E. Zachary. Above, Dr. Henry B. Hardt, first chief administrator of the college.

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College and Texas Christian University where he was professor and chairman of the department of Chemistry. He brought with him statewide recognition and expertise in his field of educating scientists as well as a tradition of optimism, quality in education, dedication to the osteopathic medical profession, and indispensable knowledge regarding Texas laws and requirements regarding the functioning of an educational institution. He also held membership in Phi Lambda Upsilon & Sigma Xi national honor societies as well as being author of numerous publications. Dr. Hardt, upon acceptance of his appointment to TCOM resigned as

Alxrve, TCOM faculty gathered on Opening Day, October 1, 1970. They included; back row, Ray Stokes, Bob Rader, FWOH personnel director, Dr. Charles Rudolph, Dr. George Jurek, Dr. Jack Banister, Torn Leech, FWOH administrator, Dr. Henry

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Hardt; front row, Dr. Tom Graham, Joan Swaim, Dr. Elizabeth Harris, Diana Rudolph, Edna Stokes, Mary Lu Schunder. Cutting the cake was Mrs. Mercer, FWOH volunteer director. Below, The first faculty luncheon.

president of the Texas State Board of Examiners in the Basic Sciences-a position which he had held for some twenty years.

One of Dr. Hardt's initial goals was to assure that TeOM met the standards for accreditation of medical schools in Texas. Among those requirements were that the faculty must initially consist of at least 10 members. With the approval of the Board of Directors, Dr. Hardt appointed his first teaching

faculty. The members of this initial faculty were: Elizabeth Harris, Ph.D., J.W. Banister, Ph.D., Tom Graham, Ph.D., Charles Rudolph, Ph.D., Virginia Ellis, D.O., G.F. Pease, D.O., Phil Russell, D.O., Tom Whittle, D.O., Mary Lu Schunder, M.S., and Diana Rudolph, RA. In addition Joan Swaim, M.A. was appointed as librarian.

This initial faculty met the requirements set forth by the Board of Medical Examiners; however, many other professional people complemented the first year studies by volunteering their time and expertise in order that the best possible education be provided for the first year students. Among these were: Joel Alter, D.O., Robert Nobles, D.O., George Luibel, D.O., C. Raymond Olson, D.O., Gerald Bennett, D.O., Myron Skinner, D.O., Catherine Carlton, D.O., and George Grainger, D.O.

This first year faculty braved many hardships inevitable to the establishment of a new institution. Although the equipment and space were adequate for their teaching program,

One man in his time plays many parts

As You Like It: II, 7, 142

Above, Members of the first freshman class as they finished their first year at TeOM. Be/ow, Ray Stokes, a man of many hats, registered TeOM's fir~t student, Jobey Claborn.

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My salad days,

1iVhen I was green in judqemeni.

Antony and Cleopatra: 1,5,78

The first class in the first TCOM facilities. AOU1Je, Histology laboratory. Top riqhi, Library. Center, Gross Anatomy laboratory.

there was a lack of support personnel and other academic "necessities." This did not, however, hinder them in their dedicated effort to provide a firm first year foundation in the basic health sciences for their students.

TCOM anatomy instructors, M,L.

Schunder and George F. Pease, D.O. were appointed to serve on the Anatomical Board of the State of Texas as representatives of the newly approved college in August 1970. This action assured adequate cadaver material for the gross anatomy course.

The primary teaching facility for the first year's program consisted of some 10,000 square feet on the fifth floor of the Fort Worth Osteopathic Hospital. This area consisted of one classroom, a small library containing mostly donated volumes, three faculty offices and several laboratory areas. A fourroom house at 3600 Mattison provided

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offices for Dean Hardt, Mr. Ray Stokes, director of financial aid and development and for faculty members. The gross anatomy laboratory was located in a garage apartment adjacent to the Mattison address.

Through the efforts of Dr. Hardt, a large amount of used laboratory equipment was obtained from Texas Christian University and brought to furnish the first TCOM classrooms.

On October 4, 1970, classes began for a class of twenty full-time students and one special student selected from several times that number of applicants; these students became the backbone and vital force of the infant college. First year courses included gross an at-

omy, histology, embryology, physiology, biochemistry, cell physiology, osteopathic theory & technique, history of medicine and clinical psychology.

The funds necessary to operate the college for the first year came mainly from the profession. Federal monies were applied for and the first support came at the end of the first academic year with $35,000 from the Department of H.E.W.

One of the major accomplishments made by the college initially was the matter of accreditation. The American Osteopathic Association through its Bureau of Professional Education is the agency recognized by the United States government as the official accrediting body for colleges of osteopathic medicine. At their meeting in Atlanta in July of 1970 the bureau granted pre-accreditation status. Once the college was open, provisional accreditation was achieved. These steps are part of the evolutionary process by which a new medical college is eventually granted fun accreditation. As a result of these actions, TCOM was officially recognized by the U.S. Office of Education, U.S. Department of H.E.W. and the Texas Education Agency.

Funding for the College to date had been adequate, but it became obvious that with increased classes and corresponding expenses, the profession alone could not meet the need. The obvious source of increased and continued

Center. Luncheon break during the first official AOA inspection in March 1971. From left, Drs. D. Dodson, A. F'. Kelso, A. E. O'Donnell, C. Luibel, H. L. Myers, Chairman of the Committee. Left. Library fund-raising at the TOMA convention in El Paso in 1971. Mrs. B. R. Beall joins Dr. F. S. Wheeler and his daughter.

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support was the State of Texas. Through the efforts of many individual doctors, chief among whom was Bobby Gene Smith, D. O. of Arlington, the efforts of the TOMA, and the efforts of several laymen, legislation was introduced and passed in the State legislature providing for state aid to TCOM. It was introduced as Senate Bill 160 by State Senators Tom Creighton and Don Kennard, and was guided through the House by State Representative Cordell Hull, Jr. On May 16, 1971, the bill was signed into law by Governor Preston Smith. The enabling act provided for the Coordinating Board, Texas College and University System to contract with TCOM to provide for the education of bona fide Texas resident undergraduate medical students pursuing the degree of Doctor of Osteopathy. The reason for this contract was aptly stated in Section 6 of that law: "The current lack of a public facility with personnel and other facilities for the education, instruction, training and preparation of undergraduate osteopathic medical students has created a denial to that segment of the medical profession and 'I'e xas citizens of

Gov. Preston Smith signed S. B. 160 into law while concerned pa r t ies watched. From left, State Sen a tor Don Kennard, Tex Roberts, TOMA director, State Senator Tom Creighton, Dr. Bobby G. Smith, Dr. George Luibel, Dr. Richard Hall, and State Representative Cordell Hull, Jr.

trained personnel in the State of Texas in osteopathic medicine and creates an imperative public necessity ... "

As a result of this law, the Coordinating Board of the Texas College and University System made an on the site inspection of the TCOM facilities in November of 197L

Eventually state aid in the amount of $150,000 was received to be used for operating expenses in the 1971-72 school year. This amount has steadily increased in each year since. With the exemplary efforts of Dr. Smith, et ol, the infant college was saved from' serious, if not fatal, financial disaster.

The college also that year received additional funds from the U. S. Government along with sizable grants from the Sid W. Richardson, J. E. & L. E. Mabee and Amon G. Carter Foundations. The generosity of these organizations enabled TCOM to improve its facilities as well as upgrade its teaching personnel.

The summer of 1971 found eighteen first year students advanced to the second year level, and a second entering class of thirty-two regular and two special students accepted. Anticipating,

l

Inspection of TCOM by the Coordinating Board, State College and University System on November 8, 1971. Upper left, in the gross anatomy lab. Upper righi, talking with student doctors. Ccntcr, meeting with TCOllI Board members. ftt the left. holding the long-awaited first check from the State of Texas. Secretary Denc Wood, Dr. Luihe] and Dr. Hardt.

21

If to do were as easy as to know that were good to do, chapels had been churches, and poor men's cottages princes' palaces.

Merchant of Venice: 1,2, 1;3

the need for additional physical facilities to accommodate the enlarged student population the college had leased an 18,000 square foot masonry structure at 3516 Camp Bowie Blvd., one block from the Fort Worth Osteopathic Hospital location. This building, once a bowling alley, quickly became the center of the young college. Late that summer, faculty, students and staff were busy trying to remodel an old bowling alley into what was to be the Basic Science Building. When this phase of

remodeling was completed, the Basic Science Building housed two lecture halls, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology laboratories and the majority of administrative and faculty offices. The college library was expanded and remained on the Fort Worth Osteopathic Hospital's fifth floor along with a few faculty offices, the microanatomy and pathology laboratories. The business office remained at 3600 Mattison and the garage apartment, once the gross lab,

Tavencr's Playdium Bowling Alley was to become TCOM's Basic Science Building. At the far corner, what was a laundry was to become a used furniture store before becoming TeOM's Central Clinic.

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Left, Classes of '74 and '75 in a joint meeting with Dr. Hardt in a lecture hall of the remodeled ESE. Center, The Biochemistry lab of the same building. Bottom, Faculty meeting in Fall 1971.

Below, AOA inspection of January 1972. From left, Drs. D. D. Beyer, R. B. Thompson, A. E. O'Donnell, P. E. Greenman, Chairman, H. B. Hardt, and A. F. Kelso.

served as the development, public relations and student aid offices.

Not only had the physical facilities grown in this second year of operation but also the faculty. increased proportionately in size. More basic science faculty members were employed and the roster of clinicians contributing to the educational program swelled to over one hundred. A group of pathologists from Fort Worth including Vincent Cirone, M.D., Richard Schaffer, M.D., John Bremner, M.D., and Fcliks Gwozdz, M.D., the Tarrant County Medical Examiner, responded to the college's need and offered their services. The curriculum for the second year included physiology, pathology, pharmacology, microbiology, radiology, physical diagnosis, psychiatry, medicine, public health and osteopathic theory & technique.

Perhaps the most significant event occurring in the college's second year of

operation was an affiliation with a state supported university in Denton, Texas, 35 miles north of Fort Worth. On February 18, 1972, North Texas State University and Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine entered into an agreement to cooperatively teach the first year of basic sciences on the Denton campus beginning in the fall of 1972. Both groups had hopes eventually to have the two schools merge and the college become NTSU College of Osteopathic Medicine in Fort Worth. The terms of the initial contract stated that North Texas was to receive funds from TCOM in exchange for providing classrooms, laboratories, faculty offices, and ancillary facilities. The schools agreed to have the equivalent of six full-time faculty members from each school teach courses in gross anatomy, microanatomy, biochemistry, physiology and immunology. Dr. J. K. Silvey, retired chairman of the Department of Biological Sciences at NTSU was appointed Director of what was to become the NTSU Department of Basic Health Sciences. This department was designated to coordinate basic science instruction for TCOM's medical students.

The National Board of Examiners in Osteopathic Medicine & Surgery conducted their examination of second year students for the first time at TCOM in May of 1972 to eighteen sophomore students. Results of the examinations revealed that the young college had held its own in national competition scoring higher than four of seven colleges in all but one category.

With administrative duties mounting for the one chief executive, Dr. Hardt, the Board of Directors appointed M.E. Coy, D.O. to the position of Executive Administrative Dean. Dr. Coy, appointed in March of 1972, was completing his term as president of the American Osteopathic Association. He assumed full-time duties in August of 1972 while Dr. Hardt continued as Dean of the College. Dr. Coy, well known in the osteopathic medical profession, brought with him recognized administrative abilities.

With provisional accreditation by the AOA renewed, a new administrative

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Top left, Main topic of discusaion=N'I'St,l contrllctamong TCOM Board rnernbel's (clock-wise) E. deKieffer, Dr. R. Stratton, H. Werst, Dr. G. Grllinger, Sec. Dene Wood, Dr. G. Luibel,

I

officer, $300,000 in state aid, an additional campus, and 98 students, TeOM began its third year of operation. Forty-eight freshman students matriculated at NTSU while the sophomore and junior students remained at TeOM in Fort Worth for classroom instruction. In addition, third year students began clinical rotations in several Dallas-Fort Worth hospitals and clinics. Edward T. Newell, D.O. was chosen to assume the title of Dean of Academic Affairs on January 1, 1973. Dr. Newell had previously been Director of Medical Education at the Metropolitan Hospital in Philadelphia, Pa.

Facilities at the Basic Sciences Building were once more renovated to accommodate the curriculum and growth of the college. In January of 1973 the library was moved from its Ft. Worth Osteopathic Hospital location to the spacious new quarters in the basic sciences building. A grant from the Sid W. Richardson Foundation was oh-, tained for the purpose of furnishing the library with modern library furniture and fixtures.

Plans were also underway to purchase property for a new out-patient clinic to be staffed by student physicians under the direction of a practicing physician.

TeOM students continued to bring local and national recognition to the school. The second administration of the national Board of Examiners in Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery had re· vealed that the second year class (class of 1975) had scored 1st among the colleges of osteopathic medicine in Pathology and Biochemistry and 2nd in

Learning is but an adjunct to ourself,

And where we are our learning likewise is,

Dr. H. Hardt, Dr. C. Everett, A. Herman, Dr. M. Kumm, Center left, February 1972, signing the contract A. M. Willis, NTSU Board Chairman lind Dr. Hardt, reprosenting TCOM, with observ-

Love's Labour's Lost: IV, 3, 314

ers DL J. Burnett, Dr. G. Ferre, Dr. C. Everett. s«. tom, TCOM-NTSU joint Board meeting in August 1972. From left, Dr. J. K. Silvey, Dr. G. Grainger, G. S_ Wortham, Dr. G. Luibel, C. C.

Nolen, W. Jamar, Top riqh), Dr. M. E. Coy welcomes a general assembly beginning classes in Fall 1972. Ce H ie r righi, Freshman students lit NTSU facilities, the contract fulfilled.

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Microbiology and Anatomy. Three students were winners of national medical awards for outstanding papers and Student Doctor Jobey Claborn finished his term as the first TeOM studen t to hold the office of president of the national Student Osteopathic Medical Association.

The affiliation with NTSU had been a success and was strengthened and extended for the 1973·74 academic year. Both freshman and sophomore classes were to be held in Denton.

Also, much work was being done in the legislature for the purpose of fund-

Top left, Another AOA inspection in October 1972, as Dr. P. Greenman leads the discussion. Center left, Dr. E. T. Newell, newly appointed Dean of Academic Affairs presides at faculty meeting. Lower left. In response to criticism of the college and political infighting, "Friends of TeOM" was organized in February H)73 to support the college in all ways and to act as pseudo-alumni. They ral-

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lied support at the TOMA convention in Houston, May 1973. Top riyht, Rosedale Outpatient Clinic, opened July 1, 1973. Center rif/ht, Mobile Clinic put into service November 1973. Below ,.ight, Student Doctor Nelda Cunniff shows off new Mobile Clinic to Mrs. J. P. Zapeda, CAA Board member, and Ollie Reed, CAA Board chairman.

ing TCOM which was ultimately approved for a total of 3.4 million dollars for 1973-75 biennium. This, of course, gave the college much needed capital to be used for faculty, staff, and support personnel as well as to expand the library resources.

On July 1, 1973, the Department of Clinical Sciences at TCOM opened its first outpatient facility at 2825 East Rosedale. This was the first venture into community service for TCOM which is dedicated to the health care needs of the people of Tarrant County. Student physicians at this clinic worked under the direction of William A. Griffith, D.O., and nursing care was to be provided by student nurses from Texas Christian University's Harris School of Nursing as well as volunteers from the student wives auxiliary of TCOM.

A grant from the Office of Economic Opportunity received by the Community Action Agency of Tarrant County provided the funds for another community service clinic in the spring of 1973. A mobile clinic was purchased for TCOM to operate under joint auspices with the CAA in efforts to provide health care for the elderly and indigent populations of Tarrant County. This clinic, put into service in November 1973, supervised by Virginia Ellis, D. 0., took medical care to the people and served a vital function in the community.

Other outpatient facilities staffed by the college included Head Start Clinic and a weeky clinic at the Ft. Worth Rehabilitation Farm.

Perhaps the most impressive venture to date in the area of clinics was the purchase and renovation of a furniture store at 3440 Camp Bowie Blvd. This event was made possible through a grant from the Mabee Foundation of Tulsa, Oklahoma, for the purchase of the property as well as a grant from the U. S. National Institutes of Health for the building renovation. The structure housed the departments of instructional technology, pathology and

27

When we mean to build, We first survey the plot, then draw the model;

included a large amphitheater where Feliks Gwozdz, M.D., Tarrant County Medical Examiner, would perform autopsies. It also included the largest and best equipment of all TCOM clinics. Reflecting the importance of this event to the community, opening ceremonies were held on March 2, 1974. A seedling from the "Tree of Hippocrates" was presented to the college by Schering Laboratories on that day in commemoration of the opening, Among the dignitaries and well-wishers attending this occasion were:

Charles B. Dryden, M.D., president of the Texas Medical Association; State Senators Betty Andujar and Bill Meier; State Representatives Chris Miller, Charles Evans and Bill Hilliard; Mr. and Mrs. John Cox of the Mabee Foundation; Dr. and Mrs. William Neimack of the Bureau of Health & Manpower Education; Grant Reeder of Schering Laboratories; C. C. Nolen, president of NTSU: and H. Charles Moore, Ph.D., president of Kirksville College Osteopathic Medicine. The speaker for the occasion was the well-known friend of osteopathic medicine in Texas-United States Representative Jim Wright.

The college in January of 1974, was recommended for full accreditation by an inspection team from the Committee on Colleges of the Bureau of Professional Education of the American Osteopathic Association. In May 1974, the College achieved permanent accreditation from that body. Locally, in December 1973 an inspection team from the Texas State Board of Medical Examiners unanimously recommended full recognition of TeOM to their board. This recognition was essential in order for TCOM graduates to be accepted for state licensure examinations-an event that has come to pass.

On June 3, 1974, the first commencement exercises of Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine were held at

28

II King Henry IV: I, 3, 41

Dr. J. Witt, Mr. T. Leech, and architect George SOWden survey the old furniture store, then Mr. Sowden unveils his proposed remodeling to the Board.

After months of construction formal dedication ceremonies are held March 2, 1974. Beforehand, Dr. M. Calabrese, back to camera, chats with State Senator Betty Andujar, Dr. Charles Dryden, Jr., TMA president, and Dr. John An-

dujar, Dr. M. E. Coy addresses crowd. On the speaker's stand, U. S. Rep. Jim Wright, Dr. E. T. Newell, Dr. G. Luibel, and Grant Reeder of Schering Labs. Then, ribbon cutting by Dr. Luibel and Rep. Wright.

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Two members of the AOA inspection team for final accreditation, Drs. A. E. O'Donnell and D. R. Hinton, speak with Dr. M. E. Coy. A sign of graduation for Drs. Sterling Lewis and Ken

Brock is a black bag from Lilly. Announcaments, and plans, and then the first D. O. degree ever conferred in the State of Texas is awarded to Dr. W. Eugene Bond.

William Edrington Scott Theater. This event was the culmination of years of work and perseverance on the part of all concerned with the college, especially the students.

The years ahead are full of yet-to-beanswered questions. The possibilities of permanent affiliation with NTSU as its medical branch in Fort Worth and expansion of the primary teaching hospital facilities are among many uncertainties which will be answered in the future. It is certain, however, that TeOM will continue its tradition of optimism, excellence in education and most important the production of family physicians to serve the people of Tarrant County and the State of Texas.

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0, make an end

Of what I have begun.

Antony and Cleopatra: IV, 14, 106

31

32

We know what we are, but kruno not

what we may be. Hamlet: IV, 5, 42

The 1974 Speculum thanks the following organizations for their help in re~ searching the historical section:

Arlington Citizen-Journal Dallas Morning News

Dallas Public Library J

ft. Worth Star-Telegram

Smith County Medical Association Texas Osteopathic Medical Association Texas State Archives

Texas State legislative Reference Library