Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
1 BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM

THE ENGLISH SOUND SYSTEM
24 20
CONSONANTS
VOWELS
PHONEMES

Short Vowel Sounds
/ɪ/ (ship) /e/ (pen)
bin pen
pin ten
sit bell
/ʌ / (cup) /æ/ (man)

cup pan
hut man
bun bag

BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM
Short Vowel Sounds
/ɒ/ (clock)
/ə/ (a camera)
hot
a camera
cot
a glass
top
a book
/ʊ/ (book)
book
cook
look

Consonants /b/ (baby)
/p/ (pen) bin
pen box
pencil bear
voiced
paper
voiceless
/d/ (door)
/t/ (tin) door
tin duck
tail doll
ten voiced
voiceless BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM
Consonants /g/ (girl)
/k/ (key) goat
car girl
cup glass
voiced
cat
voiceless /v/ (van)
/f/ (fin)
van
fin
five
vase
four veil voiced

voiceless KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
Consonants /ð/ (than)
/θ/ (thin) they
thin there
thumb those
voiced
thick
voiceless /z/ (zoo)
/s/ (sun) zoo
sun zip
sit zebra
voiced
sand
voiceless KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
Consonants /m/ (mouth)
/h/ (hat) me
hill met
heel moon
voiced
hand
voiceless /l/ (letter)
/n/ (nose)
low
nose
light
nine
line
noise voiced
voiced KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
Consonants /j/ (yellow)
/r/ (wrong) yolk
right yam
red yes
voiced
rose
voiced /ʒ/ (television)
/w/ (window)
television
we
treasure
wheel
garage
wet voiced
Consonants /tʃ/ (cherry)
/ʃ/ (shoe) chips
she chin
shoe cherry
voiceless
ship
voiceless /ŋ/ (ring)
/dʒ/ (jam)
wing
jam
thing
jeep
wrong
jar voiced
10
Long Monophthongs
/ɜ:/ (girl)
/i:/ (sheep)
bird
heel
turn
peel
burn
leek
/u :/ (boot)
pool
root
tooth KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
Long Monophthongs
/a:/ (heart)
march
/ɔ:/ (ball) card
port barn
fork
tall

Diphthongs
/aɪ/ (fine)
/eɪ/ (tail)
buy
tail
tie
pain
kite
wait
/aʊ/ (house)
/ɔɪ/ (boy)
cow
oil
bow
coin
brow
toy
Diphthongs
/ɪə/ (beer)
/əʊ/ (phone) ear
float tear
coat dear
boat
/ ʊə / (sure)
/eə/ (chair) sure
air pure
pear cure
hair
Phonics
• an approach to teaching reading

• aims at building foundational skills
in beginning readers
• use of phonics depends on the
practitioners’ beliefs about reading

Good Phonics Instruction should:
a. develop the alphabetic principle – the notion that

letters in words stand for specific sounds
b. develop phonological awareness – recognition of
sounds in spoken words (phoneme awareness)
c. provide a sound grounding in the letters – learning the
shapes and names of letters
d. provide sufficient practice in reading words – in
isolation or in context
e. lead automatic word recognition – phonics instruction
is not the end but the means to help children read
words automatically

Phoneme : /s/
Grapheme :
s
ss
c
1. Form a cobra head with your hand.

2. Trace the letter ‘s’ in the air and, say s…

Phoneme : /æ/
Grapheme :
Imagine a spider crawling up your arm

and say eh…

Phoneme : /t/
Grapheme :
Tap two fingers on the desk and say t…

Phoneme : /p/
Grapheme :
Place four fingers in front of your mouth and

say p…

Phoneme : /ɪ/
Grapheme :
Show your teeth and say e.

Phoneme : /n/
Grapheme :
Touch the tip of your nose and say n…


Phoneme : /m/
Grapheme :
Lick an ice-cream and say m…

Phoneme : /d/
Grapheme :
Drumming action and say d…

Phoneme : /g/
Grapheme :
1. You are cold, clutch your hands and

shiver
2. Say ggg

Phoneme : /ɒ/
Grapheme :
Draw a small circle (anti clockwise) in the

air and say o

Phoneme : /k/
Grapheme :
c
k
ck
Action of flying a kite and say k

Phoneme : /e/
Grapheme :
Walk like an elephant and say eh

Phoneme : /ʌ/
Grapheme :
u
uh
Look up and say uh

Phoneme : /r/
Grapheme :
Be a lion and say rrr

Phoneme : /h/
Grapheme :
1. Place your palm in front of your mouth.

2. Laugh haha
Phoneme : /b/
Grapheme :
Action of balloon bursting and say b…


Phoneme : /f/
Grapheme :
f
ff
Action of bird flying and say f…

Phoneme : /l/
Grapheme :
l
ll
Raise both arms upright and say ll..


Phoneme : /dʒ/
Grapheme :
g
j
Jump and say j.

Phoneme : /v/
Grapheme :
Show the peace sign and say v.

Phoneme : /w/
Grapheme :
Join two peace signs and say w.

Grapheme :
Phoneme : /ks/
/gz/ x
Cross your hands Slash ‘x’ and say
and say ks.. gz..

Phoneme : /j/
Grapheme :
Nod and say yeh

Phoneme : /z/
Grapheme :
z
zz
Trace ‘z’ in the air and say z..

Phoneme : /kw/
Grapheme :
qu
Action of a duck flapping its wings once

and say qua

Phoneme : / tʃ /
Grapheme :
ch
1. Action of a moving train with both arms

2. Say ch.

Phoneme : /ʃ /
Grapheme :
sh
Finger on the lips and say sh..

Grapheme :
th
Phoneme : / θ/ Phoneme : / ð/
voiceless voiced
Show the thumb Point with the thumb
and say th. and say th.

Phoneme : /ŋ /
Grapheme :
ng
Action of mosquito buzzing around ears

and say ng….

cat mat
bat rat
hat sat
pat
rat and cat
cat and bat
hat and mat
pat a cat
a mat
a cat on a mat
a rat on a mat
a bat on a mat
a hat on a mat
a cat and a rat on a mat
a cat, a bat and a rat on a mat

High Frequency Words
Decodable Not
Decodable

Decodable Words :
Phonetically decodable words

should be taught according to
the principle of saying sounds in
a word in the order in which they
occur.

Not Decodable Words :
Some words are not decodable

using the grapheme-phoneme
correspondence. They are also
called tricky words.

Tricky Words :
you
the they
we
to all
me
I are
be
no my
was
go her
into he
she
Tricky Words :
were their
said there people
have little Mr
like one Mrs
so when looked
do out called
some what asked
come oh could
Regina Joseph Cyril
English Language Unit
cyril0711@yahoo.com
03-8884 2088

Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

1 BAHAGIAN PEMBANGUNAN KURIKULUM