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Regression Analysis:

Mean hourly wage by education

Years of Mean wage Number of


Schooling (in dollars) people
6 4.4567 3
7 5.77 5
8 5.9787 15
9 7.3317 12
10 7.3182 17
11 6.5844 27
12 7.8182 218
13 7.8351 37
14 11.0223 56
15 10.6738 13
16 10.8361 70
17 13.615 24
18 13.531 31

Hypothetical Data on Weekly Family Consumption Expenditure and

Weekly Family Income

Y = Weekly Family Consumption Expenditure, $

X = Weekly Family Income, $

Weekly Family Weekly Family


Consumption Income (in $)
Expenditure (in $)
70 80
65 100
90 120
95 140
110 160
115 180
120 200
140 220
155 240
150 260
Correlation Coefficient:

Correlation is a measure of the strength of linear association between two variables. It ranges
from -1 to +1 with values close to -1 or +1 indicating a strong linear relationship and values
close to 0 indicating a weak relationship.

Marks of Students in Economics and Statistics

Students Economics Statistics


1 64 70
2 72 68
3 60 45
4 80 77
5 42 47

Rice Production and Amount of Fertilizers used

Rice Production Fertilizers


(in tones) (in Kgs)
52 18
58 24
64 31
69 35
79 46
84 45
92 52

Television watching and Weight

TV watching (in Weight (in


hrs) kgs)
1.5 79
5.0 104
3.5 96
2.5 83
4.0 99
1.0 78
0.5 68

About SPSS:

SPSS (temporarily PASW) is a computer program used for statistical analysis. Between 2009
and 2010 it was called PASW (Predictive Analytics SoftWare).

SPSS (originally, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was released in its first version in
1968 after being developed by Norman H. Nie and C. Hadlai Hull. SPSS is among the most
widely used programs for statistical analysis in social science. It is used by market researchers,
health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing
organizations and others.

Statistics included in the base software:

• Descriptive statistics: Cross tabulation, Frequencies, Descriptives, Explore, Descriptive


Ratio Statistics
• Bivariate statistics: Means, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation (bivariate, partial, distances),
Nonparametric tests
• Prediction for numerical outcomes: Linear regression
• Prediction for identifying groups: Factor analysis, cluster analysis (two-step, K-means,
hierarchical), Discriminant

Latest versions of SPSS

• SPSS 15.0.1 - November 2006


• SPSS 16.0.2 - April 2008
• SPSS Statistics 17.0.1 - December 2008
• PASW Statistics 17.0.3 - September 2009
• PASW Statistics 18.0 - August 2009
• PASW Statistics 18.0.1 - December 2009

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