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Chapter 5
Process Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Process Analysis
Process Flowcharting
Types of Processes
Process Flowcharting
Defined
Process flowcharting is the use of a
diagram to present the major elements
of a process
The basic elements can include tasks or
operations, flows of materials or
customers, decision points, and storage
areas or queues
It is an ideal methodology by which to
begin analyzing a process
Flowchart Symbols
Purpose and Examples
Tasks or operations Examples:
Examples: Giving
Givingan an
admission
admissionticket
ticket to
toaa
customer,
customer,installing
installingaa
engine
enginein
inaacar,
car,etc.
etc.
Flowchart Symbols
Purpose and Examples
Storage areas or Examples:
Examples: Sheds,
Sheds,
queues lines
linesofof people
peoplewaiting
waiting
for
for aaservice,
service,etc.
etc.
Flows of Examples:
Examples: Customers
Customers
materials or moving
movingto toaaseat,
seat,
customers mechanic
mechanicgetting
gettingaa
tool,
tool, etc.
etc.
Go to Yes
Drive to Walk to
school school
today? class
No
Goof
off
Types of Processes
Single-stage Process
Stage 1
Multi-stage Process
Make-to-order
– Only activated in response to an actual order
– Both work-in-process and finished goods
inventory kept to a minimum
Make-to-stock
– Process activated to meet expected or
forecast demand
– Customer orders are served from target
stocking level
Throughput rate = 1 .
Cycle time
Productivity = Output
Input
Suppose
Suppose you
you had
had to
to produce
produce 600
600 units
units in
in 80
80 hours
hours
to
to meet
meet the
the demand
demand requirements
requirements ofof aa product.
product.
What
What is
is the
the cycle
cycle time
time to
to meet
meet this
this demand
demand
requirement?
requirement?
Answer:
Answer: There
There are
are 4,800
4,800 minutes
minutes (60(60
minutes/hour
minutes/hour xx 80
80 hours)
hours) in
in 80
80 hours.
hours. So So the
the
average
average time
time between
between completions
completions would
would have
have
to
to be:
be: Cycle
Cycle time
time == 4,800/600
4,800/600 units
units == 88 minutes.
minutes.
Reduce interruptions
Question Bowl
Question Bowl
Which of the following are used as
symbols in a Process Flowchart?
a. Decision points
b. Blocking
c. Starving
d. Bottleneck
e. All of the above
Question Bowl
Which type of process is configured as
follows?
1 2 3
a. Single-stage process
b. Multi-stage process
c. Make-to-order process
d. Make-to-stock process
e. All of the above
Answer: b. Multi-stage process
Question Bowl
Question Bowl
When a company waits until they have an
order for their product in hand before
beginning any production for that order, we
can characterize their operation as which of
the following processes?
a. Single-stage process
b. Multi-stage process
c. Make-to-order process
d. Make-to-stock process
e. All of the above
Question Bowl
If the Run Time for a batch of parts is 45
minutes on a machine, and the Setup Time is
65 minutes, which of the following is the
Operation Time?
a. 75 minutes
b. 110 minutes
c. Only 45 minutes
d. 65/45 minutes or 1.44 hours
e. Can not be computed on the data above
Question Bowl
End of Chapter 5