Proiect finanţat de GUVERNUL ROMÂNIEI

UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ Secretariatul General

al Guvernului

manual de
monitorizare şi evaluare
a politicilor publice

Noiembrie 2009
Acest material este publicat în cadrul proiectului „Dezvoltarea procesului de
formulare a politicilor publice la nivelul administraţiei publice centrale”, cu
sprijinul financiar al Uniunii Europene prin Programul Phare.

Număr proiect: RO 2006/018-147.01.03.03.01

© Drepturile de autor asupra acestei publicaţii sunt rezervate Secretariatului

General al Guvernului.

Data publicării: noiembrie 2009

Editor: Secretariatul General al Guvernului - Direcţia de Politici Publice

Adresa: Palatul Victoria, Piaţa Victoriei nr. 1, sector 1, Bucureşti
Telefon: 021 319 15 08, 021 319 15 21
Fax: 021 319 15 08
Internet: www.sgg.ro

Autori: experţi ai proiectului pentru monitorizare şi evaluare, Sandra Briggs, Egle

Rimkute şi Eugen Perianu
Conţinutul acestui material nu reprezintă în mod necesar poziţia oficială a Uniunii
Europene.

Pentru informaţii despre Uniunea Europeană, vă invităm să vizitaţi

http://ec.europa.eu
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MANUAL DE MONITORIZARE I EVALUARE

A POLITICILOR PUBLICE

Cuprins
PREFA ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
INTRODUCERE ........................................................................................................................................... 7
PARTEA ÎNTÂI. PAS CU PAS ÎNSPRE REZULTATE ........................................................................... 17
PASUL 1. IDENTIFICAREA CLIENILOR, PUBLICULUI I FACTORILOR INTERESAI AI
EVALURII................................................................................................................................................. 19
if i ................................................................................................................. 19
$iB ................................................................................................. 20
$ ................................................................................................................................. 21
PASUL 2. DEFINIREA ÎNTREBRILOR DE EVALUARE ................................................................... 23
B$............................................................................................................. 23
B$ .................................................................................................. 23
B$ ............................................................................................................. 26
PASUL 3. PLANIFICAREA EVALURII................................................................................................. 28

$ ............................................................................ 28
Decizia de externalizare a evalurii i factorii care afecteaz aceast decizie ............................... 29
Elaborarea Termenilor de Referin pentru experi ......................................................................... 29
ǡǡ f .............................................. 30

 ................................................................................................................. 31
PASUL 4. SELECIA METODELOR DE COLECTARE I ANALIZ A DATELOR .......................... 45
 ................................................................................................................................ 45
Planificarea procesului de colectare a datelor.................................................................................. 46
Metode de colectare a datelor............................................................................................................ 48
Eantionarea ...................................................................................................................................... 61
$ ................................................................................................ 72
$.............................................................................................. 76
ǡ  ............................................................................................. 81
PASUL 5. CREAREA UNUI FORMAT POTRIVIT PENTRU CONSTATRILE EVALURII .......... 84
 .......................................................................................................................................... 84
f ............................................................................................................... 84
 .......................................................................................................................... 88
 ......................................................................................................................... 88
PASUL 6. IMPLEMENTAREA CONSTATRILOR DE EVALUARE .................................................. 91
$............................................................................................. 91
 $ .............................................................................. 91
 iB$ ........................................................................ 93
 3


MANAGEMENTUL CALITII EFORTULUI DE EVALUARE........................................................... 94


$i$.............................................................................. 94
 
$i ......................................................... 95
PARTEA A DOUA. CULEGERE DE EXEMPLE DIN DIFERITE RI....................................................... 99
ͳǤBfǡǡǡʹͲͲͷǦʹͲͲ͸ ............................ 101
ʹǤ$$f ........................................ 107
͵Ǥ

 $Ȃi....................................... 115
ͶǤ B  ............................................................................................ 121
ͷǤfB .......................................... 128
͸Ǥ
$
$Bf ..................................... 134
CONCLUZII ................................................................................................................................................ 137
ANEXA 1 –DESCRIEREA PROCESULUI DE COLECTARE A DATELOR ............................................... 140
ANEXA 2 – DETERMINAREA VOLUMULUI EANTIONULUI ALEATOR ............................................ 142
ANEXA 3 – IMPLEMENTAREA RECOMANDRILOR DE EVALUARE................................................. 143
REFERINE ............................................................................................................................................... 145
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 5


Prefa
˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”’—„Ž‹…‡Á‘Ÿ‹ƒƒ†‡ƒ”ƒ–‘†ƒ–£…—Á…‡”…£”‹Ž‡
—˜‡”—Ž—‹†‡
ƒ•–ƒ„‹Ž‹—…ƒ†”—’”‘…‡†—”ƒŽ’‡–”—ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ǤBƒ—ŽʹͲͲͷƒˆ‘•–ƒ’”‘„ƒ–£
”‡‰Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ …— ’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ ’”‘…‡†—”‹Ž‡ ’‡–”— ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒǡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”’—„Ž‹…‡Žƒ‹˜‡Ž…‡–”ƒŽȋ
͹͹ͷȌǤ

‡ç‹’‡’ƒ”…—”•—Žƒ‹Ž‘”…ƒ”‡ƒ——”ƒ–‹‹•–‡”‡Ž‡ƒ—†‘„Ÿ†‹– …—‘ç–‹ì‡–‡‘”‡–‹…‡
’”‡…— ç‹ ‡š’‡”‹‡ì£ ’”ƒ…–‹…£ Á —”ƒ †‹˜‡”•‡Ž‘” ’”‘‹‡…–‡ †‡ ƒ•‹•–‡ì£ –‡Š‹…£ǡ ƒ—
‡š‹•–ƒ––‘–—ç‹’”‡ƒ’—싐‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹‘–‹˜ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‹’‡–”—†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ’”‘…‡•‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ
B ʹͲͲ͸ǡ ‹‹•–‡”—Ž ‹ƒì‡Ž‘” —„Ž‹…‡ ƒ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ– Ƿ–”ƒ–‡‰‹ƒ ƒì‹‘ƒŽ£ †‡ ˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡dz
…ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ — †‘…—‡– …‡ Á…‡ƒ”…£ •£ ’”‘’—£ ‘ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ …‘—£ ç‹ ‹–‡‰”ƒ–£ ƒ
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹–—–—”‘”‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹Ž‘”’—„Ž‹…‡ƒ–Ÿ–Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡ˆ‘†—”‹Ž‡…‘—‹–ƒ”‡ǡ
…Ÿ– ç‹ ’‡ …‡Ž‡ ˆ‹ƒìƒ–‡ †‹ „—‰‡–—Ž ì‹‘ƒŽǤ ”£–‘”—Ž ’ƒ• ƒ ˆ‘•– ˆ£…—– Á ƒ—Ž ʹͲͲͺǡ
…Ÿ†‡…”‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–—Ž
‡‡”ƒŽƒŽ
—˜‡”—Ž—‹ƒ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–—
Š‹†’”‹˜‹†‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ƒç‹
˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒǡ ’”‹ …ƒ”‡ •‡ ‘ˆ‡”£ ‡š’Ž‹…ƒì‹‹ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ †‹˜‡”•‡Ž‘” ƒ•’‡…–‡ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡
’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

”‡œ‡–—Ž ƒ—ƒŽ ‡•–‡ — †‘…—‡– …ƒ”‡ ˜‹‡ Á …‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘” †‡Œƒ
†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–‡ ç‹ ƒ”‡ †”‡’– •…‘’ ‡š’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ ç‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
†‡ˆƒŽ…ƒ– Á †‹˜‡”ç‹ ’ƒç‹ ç‹ ‡–ƒ’‡ǡ ƒ ‡–‘†‡Ž‘” ’”ƒ…–‹…‡ ç‹ ƒ ‹•–”—‡–‡Ž‘” ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡
’‡–”— ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘” ’—„Ž‹…‡ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹ ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ —‘”
‡š‡’Ž‡†‡‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ç‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡†‹˜‹ƒìƒ”‡ƒŽ£Ǥ

…‡•– ƒ—ƒŽ ‡•–‡ ƒŽ…£–—‹– †‹–”Ǧ‘ ‹–”‘†—…‡”‡ ç‹ †‘—£ ’£”ì‹ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ǥ ƒ”–‡ƒ
‹–”‘†—…–‹˜£†‡•…”‹‡‡…‡•‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ç‹”‘Ž—Ž’‡…ƒ”‡ÁŽŒ‘ƒ…£‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹Á…ƒ†”—Ž
ƒ…‡•–—‹’”‘…‡•Ǥ”‹ƒ’ƒ”–‡ƒƒ—ƒŽ—Ž—‹’”‡œ‹–£‘ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡’ƒ•…—’ƒ•ƒ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹
†‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ ‹‡…ƒ”‡ ’ƒ• ƒ”‡ †‡†‹…ƒ– …Ÿ–‡ — …ƒ’‹–‘Ž •‡’ƒ”ƒ–ǡ …ƒ”‡ …‘ì‹‡ ‡Ž‡‡–‡
–‡‘”‡–‹…‡ ç‹ …ƒ”‡ ‡š’Ž‹…£ ’”‹ ‡š‡’Ž‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡ ‘†—Ž †‡ ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡ƒ †‡Ǧƒ †‘—ƒ
’ƒ”–‡ƒƒ—ƒŽ—Ž—‹’”‡œ‹–£‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹†‹˜‹ƒìƒ”‡ƒŽ£Ǥ–—†‹‹Ž‡†‡…ƒœˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Á…‡Ǧƒ†‡Ǧ
ƒ †‘—ƒ ’ƒ”–‡ •—– ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–‡ †—’£ †‹˜‡”•‡ ”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ ‹Ž—•–”‡ƒœ£ ’”‹
’”ƒ…–‹…£’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‹‹’ƒç‹‹ƒ‹’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ


”—’—Ž 싐–£ ƒŽ ƒ…‡•–—‹ ƒ—ƒŽ ‡•–‡ ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ– †‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ †‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ‹ǡ ƒƒ‰‡”‹‹ †‡
’”‘‹‡…–ǡ’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž…ƒ”‡Ž—…”‡ƒœ£Á†‹˜‡”•‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡ç‹Á—‹–£ì‹Ž‡†‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹’—„Ž‹…‡
†‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ‹‹•–‡”‡Ž‘”ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹ ‘”‹…‡ ƒŽ–£ ƒ—–‘”‹–ƒ–‡ ƒ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒì‹‡‹ ’—„Ž‹…‡Ǥ
—–‘”‹‹ ƒ— ’”‡•—’—• …£ …‹–‹–‘”‹‹ •—– ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹œƒì‹ …— –‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ †‡ „ƒœ£ ç‹ …—
…‘…‡’–‡Ž‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Á
Š‹†—Ž’”‹˜‹†‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ƒç‹˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒǤ

„‹‡…–‹˜—Ž ƒ…‡•–—‹ ƒ—ƒŽ ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ ‘ˆ‡”‹ ‘ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ”‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ£ ƒ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‘”
ƒ„‘”†£”‹ ç‹ ‡–‘†‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ Á ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡ ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”‡ ç‹ ‡šǦ’‘•– ƒŽ‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”
’—„Ž‹…‡ ͳǤ ”‹ —”ƒ”‡ǡ ƒ—ƒŽ—Ž •‡”˜‡ç–‡ †”‡’– ’ƒ• ‹‹ì‹ƒŽ ç‹ ‹–”‘†—…‡”‡ Á
†‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ƒ—Ž–‡”‹‘ƒ”£ƒ’”ƒ…–‹…‹Ž‘”†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ ‹‡…ƒ”‡‹‹•–‡”˜ƒ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒç‹Á狘ƒ
Á„—£–£ì‹ ’”ƒ…–‹…‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ’”‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ ‡–‘†‡Ž‘” …‡Ž‘” ƒ‹ ’‘–”‹˜‹–‡
†‘‡‹—Ž—‹’”‘’”‹—†‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ


ͳ‡”‡‹‹Ƿ’‘Ž‹–‹…£’—„Ž‹…£dzǡǷ’”‘‰”ƒdzç‹Ƿ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡’—„Ž‹…£dz•—–—–‹Ž‹œƒì‹Á‘†‹–‡”烐Œƒ„‹ŽÁ

…—’”‹•—Žƒ…‡•–—‹ƒ—ƒŽǤ
 6


 7


Introducere

‡ ’”‘‹•‹—‹ •Ǧƒ ƒ‰ƒŒƒ–
—˜‡”—Ž •£ Á†‡’Ž‹‡ƒ•…£ Á •…Š‹„—Ž ‹’‘œ‹–‡Ž‘” ’Ž£–‹–‡
†‡ …‘–”‹„—ƒ„‹Ž‹ǫ  Á†‡’Ž‹‹– …‡‡ƒ …‡ ƒ ’”‘‹•ǫ  ˆ£…—– ƒ•–ƒ Á–”Ǧ— ‘† ‡ˆ‹…‹‡–ǫ
…‡•–‡ƒ •—– Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ ’‡ …ƒ”‡ …‡–£ì‡‹‹ †‹ —Ž–‡ 죔‹ ƒŽ‡ Ž—‹‹ Ž‡Ǧƒ— ƒ†”‡•ƒ– Á
—Ž–‹‹‹ͶͲ†‡ƒ‹•ƒ—…Š‹ƒ”ƒ‹—Ž–Ǥ

‡–”— ƒ ”£•’—†‡ Žƒ ƒ…‡•–‡ Á–”‡„£”‹ǡ ‰—˜‡”‡Ž‡ ƒ— ˆ£…—– ‡ˆ‘”–—”‹ ƒ”‹ †‡ ƒ ‹…Ž—†‡
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ •—– ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ †‹ ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜ƒ …‡–£ì‡‹Ž‘” Á …ƒ†”—Ž ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”
’—„Ž‹…‡ ç‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘” ç‹ †‡ ƒ ˆ—”‹œƒ ’”‡œ‡–£”‹ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ …‘•‡…‹ì‡Ž‘”
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹Ž‘”Ǥ

‹‡…ƒ”‡’‘Ž‹–‹…£’—„Ž‹…£ƒ”‡•…‘’—Ž†‡ƒÁ„—£–£ì‹˜‹ƒìƒ•‘…‹‡–£ì‹‹”‡•’‡…–‹˜‡ç‹†‡ƒ
‡Ž‹‹ƒ…‘†‹ì‹‹Ž‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡’”‘„Ž‡ƒ–‹…‡ǡ†‡‡š‡’Ž—”ƒ–ƒ瑏ƒŒ—Ž—‹•ƒ—ƒ…”‹‹ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹Ǥ
Bƒ‹–‡†‡‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”ǡ…‡‹…ƒ”‡Ž‡ˆ‘”—Ž‡ƒœ£–”‡„—‹‡•£Áì‡Ž‡ƒ‰£‘–‹˜‡Ž‡
’‡–”— …ƒ”‡ •‹–—ƒì‹ƒ …—”‡–£ ‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£ ƒ—‹–‡ …‘•‡…‹ì‡ ç‹ ‘†—Ž Á …ƒ”‡ ƒ…‡•–‡
‘–‹˜‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ •…Š‹„ƒ–‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ‰‡‡”ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ ƒ……‡’–ƒ„‹Ž‡ †‹ ’—…– †‡ ˜‡†‡”‡
•‘…‹ƒŽǤ

†‡•‡ƒǡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡ ç‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡ ‘ˆ‡”£ ‘ Ƿ•‹–—ƒì‹‡ ˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡ †‘”‹–£dz …ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ †‘˜‡†‹ …£
’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–£ ‡”‰‡ Á †‹”‡…싃 …‘”‡…–£Ǥ —‹–‡ •‡–—”‹ †‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ †‡
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ– ƒŽ ƒ…ì‹—‹‹ ȋoutputȌ ç‹ †‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ– ƒŽ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ȋoutcomeȌ ’‘– †‡•…”‹‡ ƒ…‡ƒ•–£
•‹–—ƒì‹‡Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ –”‡„—‹‡ Ž—ƒ–£ Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ Á–”‡„ƒ”‡ƒ Ƿ”‘‰”ƒ—Ž
‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡•ƒ—ƒ…‡Ž‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ƒ”ˆ‹ƒ’£”—–‘”‹…—ǫ̵̵Ǥ

…‡•–‡ ƒ•’‡…–‡ ‡…‡•‹–£ £•—”ƒ”‡ƒ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì‡Ž‘”ǡ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘” ç‹
’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘” ’‡ †—”ƒ–ƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹ ’‡–”— ƒ ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ ‘ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ …‘ˆ‘”
’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…£”‹‹ç‹’‡–”—ƒ•‡ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ…£—ƒ——‹’ƒ…–‡†‘”‹–ǤŽ–‡”‹‘”ƒ…‡•–‡‹‡–ƒ’‡•‡
’‘ƒ–‡Ž—ƒ‘†‡…‹œ‹‡†‡ƒ…‘–‹—ƒǡ‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ•ƒ—ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ‘’‘Ž‹–‹…£Ǥ

£•’—•—Ž — ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ‘„싐—– †‘ƒ” ’”‹ ’”‘…‡•—Ž ‘„‹ç—‹– †‡ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ ç‹
”ƒ’‘”–ƒ”‡ ƒ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘”Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ Ž—ƒ †‡…‹œ‹‹ …— ’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ ˜‹‹–‘”—Ž —‡‹ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹
–”‡„—‹‡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ †‹˜‡”•‡ ƒ•’‡…–‡ǡ …— ƒ” ˆ‹ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹ ƒ•—’”ƒ ”‡ƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹
‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”ǡ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘” ‡š–‡”‹ ƒ•—’”ƒ •—……‡•—Ž—‹ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ǡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ
‡ˆ‹…‹‡–£ ƒ ˆ‘†—”‹Ž‘” ’—„Ž‹…‡ ‡–…Ǥ •–ˆ‡Žǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‡•–‡ — ‹•–”—‡– …ƒ”‡ ’‘ƒ–‡
ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ’‡”ˆ‡…ì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒç‹Á˜£ìƒ”‡ƒǤ

Politici, programe i elementele acestora

Bƒ‹–‡ †‡ ƒ –”‡…‡ ƒ‹ †‡’ƒ”–‡ǡ ‡•–‡ —–‹Ž£ ‘ †‡•…”‹‡”‡ ’‡ •…—”– ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”ǡ
’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘” ç‹ ’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‘” ’‡–”— ƒ Áì‡Ž‡‰‡ ƒ‹ „‹‡ …‘–‡š–—Ž Á …ƒ”‡ ƒ…‡ƒ•–£
–‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡ ‡•–‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£ Á Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”ƒ †‡ •’‡…‹ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ ƒ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ †‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ǥ Politicile
‡š’”‹£ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹ ç‹ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹–‡ †‡ ‰—˜‡”Ǥ Ž‡ Á…ƒ†”‡ƒœ£ ƒ—‹–‡
’”‘‰”ƒ‡ •ƒ— ’”‘‹‡…–‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ ƒ†‘’–ƒ–‡ Žƒ ‹˜‡Ž ‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽǤ ‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡ •—–
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‡ ’”‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ ç‹ ’”‘‹‡…–‡Ǥ Programele •—– •‡”˜‹…‹‹ •ƒ— ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹
’‡”ƒ‡–‡ǡ …ƒ”‡ ˜‘” …‘†—…‡ …£–”‡ Á†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ ”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡
•—– ƒŽ…£–—‹–‡ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ †‹ ƒ‹ —Ž–‡ proiecteǤ ‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž ƒ…ì‹—‹‹ ȋoutputȌ ˆ‹‡…£”—‹
’”‘‹‡…– …‘†—…‡ Žƒ Á†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ †‡•‡ƒǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹
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’”‡•—’—‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ‹ —Ž–‘” ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ǡ —‡‘”‹ …Š‹ƒ” ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘”
’”‘‹‡…–‡Ǥ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡†‡•—……‡•ƒ—‡‹’‘Ž‹–‹…‹—–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡…‘•‹†‡”ƒ–£‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡
•‡’ƒ”ƒ–£ǡ…‹ƒ”–”‡„—‹‹–‡‰”ƒ–£ÁÁ–”‡‰‹‡Á…‹…Ž—Ž‘„‹ç—‹–†‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ

Ž‡‡–‡Ž‡ …Š‡‹‡ ƒŽ‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘” ç‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘” •—– scopurile,ǡ obiectivele ç‹
activitileǡ…ƒ”‡•‘Ž—ì‹‘‡ƒœ£ƒ—‹–‡’”‘„Ž‡‡†‹†‘‡‹‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ǤIndicatorii†‡
’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£‹†‹…£Á…‡£•—”£‘’‘Ž‹–‹…£•ƒ——’”‘‰”ƒÁç‹Á†‡’Ž‹‡ç–‡쇎—”‹Ž‡ç‹
‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡ǡ”‡œ‘Ž˜Ÿ†ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž’”‘„Ž‡ƒǤ‡–”—‘ƒ‹„—£‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ‡Ž‡‡–‡Ž‘”
†‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ ç‹ Ž‡‰£–—”‹Ž‘” Ž‘‰‹…‡ Á–”‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ ƒƒ‰‡”‹‹ †‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ ’‘– ˆ‘Ž‘•‹
modelul logic ȋ†‡ ’”‘‰”ƒȌǤ ‘†‡Ž—Ž Ž‘‰‹… (Figura 1) ‡•–‡ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ …‘•–”—‹– Á
†‡…—”•—Ž‡–ƒ’‡‹†‡’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ•–‡‘ƒ”Š‹–‡…–—”£˜‹œ—ƒŽ£ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹’—„Ž‹…‡
•ƒ— ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ ç‹ ‹Ž—•–”‡ƒœ£ ‘ •—……‡•‹—‡ †‡ ”‡Žƒì‹‹ …ƒ—œ£Ǧ‡ˆ‡…– Á–”‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‡
‡Ž‡‡–‡Ǥ ‘†‡Ž—Ž Ž‘‰‹… ’”‡œ‹–£ …‘–”‹„—ì‹‹Ž‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ǡ †‡•…”‹‡ —…ƒ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£ Ǧ
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ç‹’”‘…‡•‡Ȃç‹Ž‡–”ƒ•’—‡Á”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡ƒ…ì‹—‹‹Ȃç‹”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ
‘ƒ–‡ …‘’‘‡–‡Ž‡ ‘†‡Ž—Ž—‹ Ž‘‰‹… •—– …‘‡…–ƒ–‡ ’”‹ ”‡Žƒì‹ƒ Ƿ†ƒ…£Ǧƒ–—…‹dzǣ †ƒ…£
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž ƒ”‡ …‘–”‹„—ì‹‹Ž‡ ‡…‡•ƒ”‡ǡ ƒ–—…‹ ƒ—‹–‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ ’‘– ˆ‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‡ǡ
†ƒ…£ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡ •—– ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‡ …— •—……‡•ǡ ƒ–—…‹ ƒ—‹–‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ ƒ…ì‹—‹‹
ȋoutputsȌç‹”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ȋoutcomesȌ•—–ƒç–‡’–ƒ–‡•£ƒ’ƒ”£Ǥ

Problem rezolvat de politic sau program

Obiectiv general: rezultatul ateptat al politicii sau programului Efecte:

schimbri
imediate
sau
Resurse: Obiective Rezultate: pe termen
umane, specifice, Produse lung
timp, activiti: directe
aciuni
ale politicii
materiale, i servicii sau
prevzute
financiare furnizate programului
pentru
implementare de (pentru
a politic sau societate,
politicii sau program organizaii,
a programului beneficiari,
i pentru
atingerea etc.)
rezultatelor
prevzute

Factori externi: influene i impact asupra rezultatelor politicii;

circumstane exterioare controlului politicii sau programului
Figura 1. Structura modelului logic (Adaptat dup “Logic Model Workbook”, Innovation
Network, 2006)
‘†‡Ž—Ž Ž‘‰‹… ˜ƒ ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ ‘ …‘–”‹„—싇 ‹’‘”–ƒ–£ ’‡–”— Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ
ˆ—†ƒ‡–—Ž—‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ ç‹ ’‡–”— ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ Á •’‡…‹ƒŽ ’‡–”—
’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡…ƒ”‡—ƒ—Œ—…ƒ–‹…‹—”‘ŽÁ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ•ƒ—‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ

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Monitorizarea i evaluarea în cadrul Ciclului de Formulare a Politicii

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†‘‡‹‹ ƒŽ‡ ˜‹‡ì‹‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ‡ ç‹ ‡…‘‘‹…‡Ǥ Monitorizarea i evaluarea ȋƬȌ •—– ’ƒç‹
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˜‡”‹ˆ‹…‡ †ƒ…£ ‡š‹•–£ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ …ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡ •£ ‡Ž‹‹‡ ’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡ ‡š‹•–‡–‡ ç‹ •£
ƒ–‹‰£Ƿ•‹–—ƒì‹ƒ†‘”‹–£dzǤ

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’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡ †‹–”Ǧ— ƒ—‹– †‘‡‹— †‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ǡ •‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…£ …”‹–‡”‹‹Ž‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ Á
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ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜ƒ’”‡ˆ‡”ƒ–£Ǥ

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ƒ’£”—–‡ Á indicatorii ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‹ ȋ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ȍ ’‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ‡–ƒ’‡‹ †‡
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„ƒœ£Áˆ—…싇†‡…ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽ‹œ£”‹Ž‡•‡˜‘”£•—”ƒÁ‘†”‡‰—Žƒ–Ǥ

”‘‰”‡•—Ž ‡•–‡ £•—”ƒ– Á „ƒœƒ —‘” 싐–‡ǡ •–ƒ†ƒ”†‡ ç‹ …”‹–‡”‹‹ †‡ •—……‡• ƒ‰”‡ƒ–‡Ǥ
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ƒ…‡•–‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ǥ B ’Ž—•ǡ ƒ…‡•– ’”‘…‡• –”‡„—‹‡ ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ– …Ÿ– ƒ‹ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜ ’‘•‹„‹Ž †‹
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„ƒœƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡Ǥ

Evaluarea intermediar i ex-post ‹’Ž‹…£ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ Ž‡‰£–—”‹Ž‘” †‹–”‡ …‘–”‹„—ì‹‹Ž‡
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Monitorizarea i evaluareaȋƬȌ‘ˆ‡”£‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹’‡–”—ƒ•’”‹Œ‹‹†‡…‹œ‹‹Ž‡˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡
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‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ ƒ’£”‡ƒ –‡–ƒì‹ƒ †‡ ƒ ˜£ …‘…‡–”ƒ Á •’‡…‹ƒŽ ƒ•—’”ƒ
 10

…‘Ž‡…–£”‹‹ †‡ †ƒ–‡Ǥ ”‹…—ǡ ‡ˆ‘”–—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ ˆ‹ ——Ž ƒ‹ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡– †ƒ…£ ’”‘…‡•—Ž
Á…‡’‡ …— ‘†‡Ž—Ž Ž‘‰‹…Ǥ ’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ…‡•–—‹ ‘†‡Ž Ž‘‰‹… ˜ƒ ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ — ˆƒ…–‘”
ƒŒ—–£–‘” Á ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ”‡ƒ ˆƒ’–—Ž—‹ …£ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ˜ƒ ’”‘†—…‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡ ç‹ —–‹Ž‡Ǥ
•–‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž •£ •‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…‡ ‡Ž‡‡–‡Ž‡ …Š‡‹‡ ƒŽ‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ Á Œ—”—Ž …£”‘”ƒ •‡ ˜‘”
…‘…‡–”ƒ…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒç‹ƒƒŽ‹œƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”(Figura 2)Ǥ

Modelul Logic contribuii Activiti Rezultate Efecte

Indicatori de performan

Planificarea

Colectarea datelor contribuii Activiti Rezultate Efect

Indicatori de performan

Figura 2. Rolul modelului logic i ai indicatorilor de monitorizare în evaluare


…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡…ƒ”‡‡…‡•‹–£…‡Žƒ‹ƒ”‡˜‘Ž—†‡”‡•—”•‡†‡–‹’ǡˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡ç‹—ƒ‡
•—– …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ ç‹ Œ—†‡…£ì‹Ž‡ †‡’‹† Á–”Ǧ‘ ƒ”‡
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•…‘’—”‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£ ƒ‹„£ Ž‡‰£–—”£ …— Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ …—
’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡ ‡Ž‡‡–‡ ƒŽ‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ •ƒ— ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ Ȃ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡ ç‹ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ †‡
’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£Ǥ

Rolul indicatorilor de performan

‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒç‹‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”‡•–‡‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡†‡Ž—‰£†—”ƒ–£Á…ƒ†”—Ž—Ž–‘”
‹•–‹–—ì‹‹ ‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡ǡ ‹…Ž—•‹˜ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‹‹•–‡”‡Ž‘” †‡ Ž‹‹‡ǡ ƒ‰‡ì‹‹Ž‘” †‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ǡ „‹”‘—”‹Ž‘” ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡ †‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…£Ǥ —–‡ †‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ ’‘– ˆ‹ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒì‹
’‡–”— ƒ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ ‡š‡…—싃 ˆ—…ì‹‹Ž‘” ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ƒ…‡•–‘” ‹•–‹–—ì‹‹ǡ ‹ƒ”
†ƒ–‡Ž‡’‘–ˆ‹…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡œ‹Ž‹…Ǥ

‡†‹ìƒ †‡ ƒ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ •‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘” ’—„Ž‹…‡ ‡•–‡ Á …”‡ç–‡”‡Ǥ B ƒ…‡•– •…‘’ǡ
‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹ …ƒ”‡ £•‘ƒ”£ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž †‡ •ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…싇 ƒŽ …Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ǡ ƒ–‹–—†‹‡ƒ ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”
‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ˆƒì£†‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹ç‹’”‘‰”ƒ‡•—–ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹†‹…‡Á…‡ƒ‹†‡•ǤBƒ…‡Žƒç‹–‹’ǡ
‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹†‡’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£ƒ‹‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹Ž‘”‹–‡”ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡•ƒ—‡—”‘’‡‡ǡ’”‡…—ç‹ƒ‹
ƒ‰‡ì‹‹Ž‘” ‹†‡’‡†‡–‡ †‡ …‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ£ ’‘– ˆ‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹ ’‡–”— ƒ Á˜£ìƒ ƒ—‹–‡
ƒ•’‡…–‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‡†‡’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£Ǥ

ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ ˜‘Ž——Ž ‘’–‹ †‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹– Á …ƒ†”—Ž ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ǫ ˜Ÿ† •‹•–‡‡ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡–‡ †‡ Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ”‡ ç‹ ’”‘…‡•ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” •‡ ’‘– ˆ‘Ž‘•‹
‹‹†‡‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹Ǥ—–‘ƒ–‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ”‡ƒ£•—”£–‘”‹Ž‘”‡…‡•‹–£–‹’狇ˆ‘”–ǡ
’”‹—”ƒ”‡ǡ—£”—Ž‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹ƒ”–”‡„—‹•£ˆ‹‡——ŽŽ‹‹–ƒ–Ǥ

‡ †‡ ƒŽ–£ ’ƒ”–‡ǡ ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ ˆ‹ ‡˜‘‹‡ †‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ —Žì‹ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ ’‡–”— ƒ †‡‘•–”ƒ
’‡”ˆ‘”ƒìƒ ˆ‹‡…£”—‹ ˆƒ…–‘” ‹–‡”‡•ƒ– …ƒ”‡ ƒ”‡ ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ Á •‹•–‡ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹
—Ž–‡ ƒŽ–‡ ƒ•’‡…–‡ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ǡ Á •’‡…‹ƒŽ ’‡–”— ”‡ˆ‘”‡Ž‡ ’—„Ž‹…‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ‡
 11

…‘’Ž‡š‡Ǥ’‘”–ƒ–£‡•–‡ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ƒ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”…‡Ž‘”ƒ‹ƒ†‡…˜ƒì‹’‡–”—‘ƒ—‹–£
’‘Ž‹–‹…£•ƒ—’”‘‰”ƒç‹•…‘’Ǥ

‡ç‹ ˜‹œ‹—‡ƒ ç‹ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‹˜‹† £•—”ƒ”‡ƒ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì‡Ž‘” ’‘– ˆ‹ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ †‡ Žƒ ‘
‹•–‹–—싇ŽƒƒŽ–ƒǡ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ”‡ƒ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ÁŒ—”—Ž†‹‡•‹—‹Ž‘”
ƒ”‹†‡‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹†‡’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£(Tabel 1)ƒ”’—–‡ƒƒŒ—–ƒŽƒ‘ƒ‹„—£•–”—…–—”ƒ”‡
ƒƒ…‡•–—‹’”‘…‡•Ǥ

Tabel 1. Dimensiunile indicatorilor de performan

Dimensiunea Sub-dimensiuni Exemple de rezultate ale aciunii
de msurare (outputs) cu indicatorii folosii

”ƒ† †‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ”‡ Žƒ ‡˜‘‹Ž‡ ‹ ʹͲͳͲ ’Ÿ£ Á ʹͲͳ͵ǡ ͳͲͲͲ †‡
•‘…‹‡–£ì‹‹ȋˆ‘”£—‡”‹…£•ƒ—ΨȌ 煑Ž‹ ˜‘” ƒ˜‡ƒ ƒ……‡• Žƒ ‘ „‹„Ž‹‘–‡…£
‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…£Ǥ
Volum  B †‡…—”•—Ž ’‡”‹‘ƒ†‡‹ ʹͲͳͲȂʹͲͳ͵
…”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ ƒ……‡•‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹ …— ͳͷΨ
’‡–”— •‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‡ †‡ ”‡…‹…Žƒ”‡ Á
…‘—‹–£ì‹Ž‡Ž‘…ƒŽ‡Ǥ

”ƒ††‡ƒ†‡…˜ƒ”‡Žƒƒ—‹–‡ B †‡…—”•—Ž ʹͲͳͲȂʹͲͳͷ –‘ì‹
•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡•ƒ—‹˜‡Ž—”‹†‡ ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹‹ †‹ ‰”£†‹‹ì‡ ˜‘” ˆ‹
’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£ ƒ„•‘Ž˜‡ì‹ ƒ‹ ——‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ
ƒ•–‡”ƒŽǤ
ƒ’‹†‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ ‹’—Ž†‡ƒç–‡’–ƒ”‡‡†‹—’‡–”—
•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”ȋˆ‘”£—‡”‹…£•ƒ— —‘—’ƒçƒ’‘”–˜ƒˆ‹†‡ʹœ‹Ž‡Á
ΨȌ ʹͲͳͳǤ
 B–”‡ ʹͲͳͲǦʹͲͳͷ „‹”‘…”ƒì‹ƒ ’‡–”—
…Š‹„ †‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹
ˆ—”‹œ‘”‹‹†‡•‡”˜‹…‹‹
…Š‹„ †‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹
ˆ—”‹œ‘”ç‹…Ž‹‡–
Calitate
ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…싃…Ž‹‡ì‹Ž‘”
……‡•‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”
Gradul de încredere privind
serviciile
Folosirea ˆ‹…‹‡ì£
resurselor
ƒ’ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ ȋ—ƒ£ǡ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”£ǡ
”‡•—”•‡†‡–‹’Ȍ
 

Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ”‡ƒ ‘‹Ž‘” Ǧ—”‹ ˜ƒ
•…£†‡ƒ…—ͷͲΨǤ
Á–”‡ ‹‹•–‡”‡Ž‡ Áç‹ ‡š’”‹£ ‘’‹‹ƒ
ƒ•—’”ƒ ——‹ ’”‘‹‡…– †‡ Ž‡‰‡ Á
†‡…—”•†‡ͳͲœ‹Ž‡Ǥ
Á–”‡ ͺͲΨ †‹ ƒ‰‡ì‹‹Ž‡ •—„‘”†‘ƒ–‡ ˜‘”
’—„Ž‹…ƒ’‡‹–‡”‡–Ž‹•–ƒ•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”ç‹
–‹’—Ž†‡Ž—…”—ÁʹͲͳʹǤ
͸Ͳ Ψ †‹ …Ž‹‡ì‹ •—– •ƒ–‹•ˆ£…—ì‹ †‡
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”Ǥ
B †‡…—”•—Ž ’‡”‹‘ƒ†‡‹ ʹͲͳͲȂʹͲͳͷ
–‹’—Ž ‡†‹— Á …ƒ”‡ ƒ„—Žƒì‡Ž‡
˜‘” ƒŒ—‰‡ Žƒ †‘‹…‹Ž‹— ˜ƒ ˆ‹ †‡ ͳͲ
‹—–‡Ǥ
B †‡…—”•—Ž ʹͲͳͲ —£”—Ž †‡
Á–”‡’”‹†‡”‹ …ƒ”‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‡•… •‹•–‡—Ž
‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… ’‡–”— †‡…Žƒ”ƒì‹‹Ž‡ †‡
‹’‘œ‹– ˜ƒ …”‡ç–‡ …— ʹͷΨ ȋdac
folosirea acestui sistem nu este
obligatorie ci doar recomandatȌǤ
‘•–—”‹Ž‡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ Á ƒ—Ž
˜‹‹–‘” ’‡–”— — ’ƒ•ƒ‰‡” ƒŽ
–”ƒ•’‘”–—Ž—‹ ’—„Ž‹… ˜‘” •…£†‡ƒ …—
ͳͲΨǤ
Ÿ£ Á ʹͲͳ͵ Á–Ÿ”œ‹‡”‹Ž‡ …ƒ—œ‡Ž‘”
†‡ Žƒ —”–‡ƒ —’”‡£ ˜‘” †‡•…”‡ç–‡
…—ͳ͹ΨǤ
‹’—Ž ‡†‹— ’‡–”— •‘Ž—ì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ
…ƒ—œ‡Ž‘”‡•–‡†‡ͳŽ—£Ǥ
 12


B–‹’…‡‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‡…‘Ž‡…–‡ƒœ£†ƒ–‡’‡–”—ƒ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ•—–‡†‡‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ǡ†‘ƒ”…Ÿì‹˜ƒ
†‹–”‡ ‡‹ •—– ˜‹œ‹„‹Ž‹ ’‡–”— •‘…‹‡–ƒ–‡Ǥ †‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹ ’‘– ˆ‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹ ’‡–”— †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡
•…‘’—”‹ǣ
x ƒ £•—”ƒ ç‹ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ ‡š‡…—싃 ç‹ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ìƒ ˆ—…ì‹‹Ž‘” ‹•–‹–—싇‹ ȏƒ†‡•‡ƒ
ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ •—– £•—”ƒ–‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†—Ǧ•‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹ ”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘”‹ Žƒ ”‡•—”•‡ ç‹
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ȋinputȌȐǢ
x ƒ Ž—ƒ †‡…‹œ‹‹ œ‹Ž‹…‡ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘” ç‹
’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘”ȏƒ…‡ƒ•–£ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡’‘ƒ–‡‹…Ž—†‡–‘ƒ–‡–‹’—”‹Ž‡†‡‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹Ȃ†‡
”‡•—”•‡ ȋinputȌǡ †‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ– ƒŽ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹‹ ȋoutputȌ ç‹ ƒ‹ ”ƒ” †‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ– ƒŽ
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ȋoutcome)ȐǢ
x ƒ Ž—ƒ †‡…‹œ‹‹ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹…‡ …— ’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒ •ƒ— Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”
ȏ˜‘”ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹ƒ‹†‡•‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹†‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹‹ȋoutputȌ狆‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–
ƒŽ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ȋoutcomeȌȐǢ
x ƒ ‘ˆ‡”‹ ‡š’Ž‹…ƒì‹‹ ’—„Ž‹…—Ž—‹ ȋƒ…‡•– Ž—…”— †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ ‡…‡•‹–£ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ …ƒ”‡
…ƒ’–‡ƒœ£…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”ȌǤ

‘†—ŽÁ…ƒ”‡‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹†‡’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£•—–‡Žƒ„‘”ƒì‹ç‹•‡Ž‡…–ƒì‹•Ǧƒ•…Š‹„ƒ–†‡Ǧƒ
Ž—‰—Ž –‹’—Ž—‹Ǥ B ’”‡œ‡–ǡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹ †‡ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ •—– ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒì‹ Á Œ—”—Ž
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘” ç‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘” …ƒ”‡ …Žƒ”‹ˆ‹…£ †‹˜‡”•‡ ‹˜‡Ž—”‹ †‡ •…‘’—”‹Ǥ ”‹ —”ƒ”‡ǡ
‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘” ˜ƒ ‡…‡•‹–ƒ £•—”ƒ”‡ƒ †‹˜‡”•‡Ž‘” †‹‡•‹—‹ ƒŽ‡ ˆ—”‹œ£”‹‹
†‡ •‡”˜‹…‹‹ Ȃ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ç‹ …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‡ƒ Ȃ ç‹ ƒ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘” ‹˜‡Ž—”‹ †‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£ Ȃ
…‘–”‹„—ì‹‹ȋinputsȌǡ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡ƒ…ì‹—‹‹ȋoutputsȌç‹”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ȋoutcomesȌǤ
£•—”ƒ”‡ƒ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì‡Ž‘”•Ǧƒ†‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ–’‡–”—ƒƒ…‘’‡”‹—†‘ƒ”ˆ—…싃…‘–”‹„—싇
ȋinput)ǡ…‹ç‹’‡…‡ƒ†‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ȃ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡ƒ…ì‹—‹‹Ȁ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ

”‹…‹’ƒŽ‹‹’ƒç‹Á‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒç‹•‡Ž‡…싃‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”•—–—”£–‘”‹‹ǣ
ͳǤ ‡–‡”‹ƒ”‡ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”…ƒ”‡ƒ—•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹‡’‡–”—…‡–£ì‡‹Ǣ
ʹǤ ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ’‡–”— ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹’‘”–ƒì‹ …ƒ”‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡ƒœ£
Á†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǣ
͵Ǥ ‡–‡”‹ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ç‹ ’”‘…‡•‡Ž‘” ƒŒ‘”‡ …ƒ”‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡ƒœ£ Á†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǣ
ͶǤ ‡–‡”‹ƒ”‡ƒ”‡•—”•‡Ž‘”‡…‡•ƒ”‡’‡–”—Á†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǣ
ͷǤ ‡˜‹œ—‹”‡ƒ ƒ…‡•–‘” Ž‹•–‡ ’”‘˜‹œ‘”‹‹ Á …ƒ†”—Ž †‹•…—ì‹‹Ž‘” ’‡”ƒ‡–‡ …— …‡‹ ƒ
…£”‘”—…£‡•–‡‘‹–‘”‹œƒ–£ǡ…‡‹…ƒ”‡…—‘•……‡Žƒ‹„‹‡•‹•–‡—ŽǤ

B–‹’…‡•‹•–‡‡Ž‡†‡‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡–”‡„—‹‡•£‰‡‡”‡œ‡†ƒ–‡’‡–”—ƒƒ…‘’‡”‹–‘ƒ–‡
•…‘’—”‹Ž‡ç‹–‘ƒ–‡–‹’—”‹Ž‡†‡‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ǡ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‡•…‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹†‡’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£
Á ‘† •‡Ž‡…–‹˜Ǥ B ’”‹—Ž ”Ÿ†ǡ ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ƒ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘” †‡’‹†‡ †‡ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ †‡ •–”—…–—”ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ç‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ ƒ‹ •‹’Ž— •’—•ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ
‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ •‡ ˜ƒ …‘…‡–”ƒ ’‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹ †‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ– ƒŽ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹
ȋoutcomeȌǢ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–£ì‹‹ ˜ƒ Ž—ƒ Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ ”‡Žƒì‹ƒ †‹–”‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹ †‡
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ– ƒŽ ƒ…ì‹—‹‹ ȋoutputȌ ç‹ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ– ƒŽ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ȋoutcomeȌǢ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì‡‹ǡ Á
ƒˆƒ”£†‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ…ì‹—‹‹ȋoutputȌǡ˜ƒƒ˜‡ƒÁ˜‡†‡”‡ç‹…‘–”‹„—ì‹‹Ž‡ȋinputsȌǤ
 13



EXEMPLUL 1. Indicatorii unei Evaluri privind Politica pentru Familie

Ministerul Asistenei Sociale deruleaz un program privind familia pentru a reduce

violena domestic. În cadrul evalurii de impact a programului ministerul ar putea lua
în considerare urmtorii indicatori de rezultat al politicii (outcome) care msoar
diferii factori ce au legtur cu dimensiunea nivelului de violen domestic:
Ǧ Nivelul violenei domestice.
Acesta poate fi msurat folosind date din diferite surse: anchet sociologic sau
sondaje de opinie public, care determin nivelul violenei domestice, precum i
crimele înregistrate (calificate ca fiind crime ale violenei domestice). Nivelul de
referin comparativ (descris mai târziu) ar trebui s fie stabilit la începutul
programului i msurat din nou la momentul evalurii.
Ǧ Plasamente în afara domiciliului.
Acesta poate fi msurat folosind statistici ale adposturilor pentru a determina câte
femei (i copiii acestora) folosesc astfel de adposturi drept consecin a violenei
domestice.
Ǧ Calitatea relaiilor printe-copil.
acesta poate fi msurat în diferite moduri: folosind sondajele de opinie (ex. Câi copii
se simt în siguran acas), numrul cazurilor de violen împotriva copiilor
raportate la agenia de protecie a drepturilor copilului.
Ǧ Nivelul de contientizare în ceea ce privete drepturile femeii i ale copilului.
Acest aspect este dificil de msurat. De obicei, se face cu ajutorul anchetelor,
sondajelor de opinie.

În cazul în care reducerea nivelului violenei în familie reprezint o prioritate la nivel

înalt pentru guvern/minister, se poate alege stabilirea indicatorilor de baz prin
desfurarea unui sondaj sociologic care s reflecte diferitele dimensiuni ale violenei în
familie la începutul programului (ex. gradul violenei fizice i psihologice, violen
împotriva femeilor i copiilor etc.) i s se msoare dezvoltarea prin compararea în
baza acestor dimensiuni pe parcursul evalurilor ulterioare.

Altfel, este posibil s se foloseasc date din sondajele de opinie desfurate, în alte
scopuri, de ctre organizaiile naionale sau internaionale i ONG-uri. Aceasta este o
metod de msurare a gradului de violen în familie care implic resurse mai puin
intense, dar produce i msurtori mai puin de încredere, deoarece metodologia de
msurare a violenei în familie poate fi diferit.

Cea mai bun metod de a msura impacturile unei politici privind descreterea
violenei domestice este folosirea datelor din surse diferite. În acest sens, rezultatele
sondajelor de opinie pot fi sprijinite de date mai solide, cum ar fi numrul crimelor
provocate de violena domestic, numrul femeilor din adposturi sau a celor care
beneficiaz de programe de consiliere.

Trebuie s se menioneze, de asemenea, c indicatorii de impact privind violena în

familie ar trebui interpretai cu atenie, deoarece sunt întotdeauna influenai de factori
externi. De exemplu, numrul în cretere înregistrat al crimelor provocate de violena în
familie nu înseamn neaprat faptul c violena în familie este în cretere. Dimpotriv,
 14

aceasta poate reprezenta faptul c femeile devin din ce în ce mai contiente de
drepturile lor i de aciunile pe care trebuie s le întreprind în astfel de cazuri, drept
rezultat al interveniei guvernamentale sau altor factori externi. Este sarcina evalurii
s disting contribuiile diverselor aciuni în comparaie cu efectul factorilor externi în
ceea ce privete îndeplinirea rezultatelor.

În cazul evalurii formative (explicat în Pasul 3) analiza se va concentra asupra

indicatorilor intermediari. O astfel de evaluare poate implica corecii ale programului în
decursul perioadei de desfurare a acestuia. Evaluarea formativ analizeaz procesul
de implementare a programului: îndeplinirea rezultatelor aciunii (output) i
mecanismele de sprijin (structuri organizaionale, personal, proces etc.). Astfel, aceasta
analizeaz rezultatele care sunt mai uor de corelat cu bugetul guvernamental anual.

În cadrul evalurii formative a unei politici de reducere a violenei domestice indicatorii

de rezultat al aciunii (output) se vor plasa în centrul analizei. Acetia ar putea fi
urmtorii:
Ǧ Vizite la domiciliul familiilor în situaii de risc.
Acesta este de obicei aplicat i msurat de instituiile de servicii sociale la nivel local.
Ǧ Acces la ajutor socialǤ
Acesta poate fi msurat folosind date de la ageniile executive ce implementeaz
diverse programe sociale, precum cele de consiliere sau de educare a prinilor.
Numrul beneficiarilor acestor programe va arta de obicei rata de acces la
serviciile de ajutor social.
Ǧ Eficiena furnizrii serviciilor (ajutor social).
Acesta poate fi msurat prin compararea costurilor de furnizare a serviciilor în
diferite regiuni ale rii i încercarea de a gsi modaliti de cretere a eficienei.
Ǧ Campanii sociale de contientizare privind femeile i copiii.
Pe parcursul evalurii formative nu se va msura doar numrul campaniilor sociale,
ci i costurile aferente acestora, procesul de desfurare a unor astfel de campanii
etc.

Paii urmai în cadrul procesului de evaluare a politicilor publice

˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–£†‹ƒ‹—Ž–‡‘–‹˜‡ç‹Á†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡‘†—”‹Ǥ‡–”—…ƒ
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ •£ ƒ‹„£ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ ’‘œ‹–‹˜‡ •‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ‡•–‡ ‡…‡•ƒ” •£ •‡ ƒ•‹‰—”‡
”‡•’‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ ——‹ ’”‘…‡• •–”—…–—”ƒ–Ǥ ‡‹ 烕‡ ’ƒç‹ †‡ „ƒœ£ •—– ’”‡œ‡–ƒì‹ ƒ‹ Œ‘• ç‹
ƒŽ…£–—‹‡•… ‘†‡Ž—Ž †‡ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ ç‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ ƒ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘” †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ (Figura
3)Ǥ
 15


PASUL 1: Identificarea factorilor interesai:

CINE are nevoie de evaluare? DE CE au nevoie?

PASUL 2: Definirea întrebrilor de evaluare:

CE vrem s tim?

PASUL 3: Planificarea Evalurii

CE resurse avem? CUM vom desfura evaluarea?
CINE ar trebui s-o desfoare?

PASUL 4: Selectarea datelor i metodelor de analiz:

CE date ne sunt necesare? CUM colectm informaiile?
CINE i CÂND? CUM analizm datele? CE judecat emitem?

PASUL 5: Elaborarea raportului:

CARE este formatul? CINE are nevoie de el? CUM comunicm?

PASUL 6: Implementarea constatrilor în urma evalurii:

CE i CÂND ar trebui implementat?
CUM monitorizm progresul? CUM obinem feedback?

Figura 3. ase pai ai evalurii


B ‘† ‹†‡ƒŽǡ ’‘–‡ì‹ƒŽ‹‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡ …‘‘”†‘ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ
’”‡…— ç‹ ”‡•—”•‡Ž‡ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡ –”‡„—‹‡ ƒ‰”‡ƒ–‡ Á †‡…—”•—Ž ‡–ƒ’‡‹ †‡ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ ƒ
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ—–‘ƒ–‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ’‡’ƒ”…—”•—Ž‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ƒ”–”‡„—‹•£
ˆ‹‡ ”‡˜‹œ—‹–‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ •…Š‹„£”‹Ž‡ ƒ’£”—–‡ Á †‡…—”•—Ž ‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ

—‡š‹•–£‹…‹—’ƒ•ƒŽ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹…ƒ”‡•£ˆ‹‡ƒ‹‹’‘”–ƒ–†‡…Ÿ–ƒŽ–—ŽǤ‘–—ç‹ǡ…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
—‡‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ ˜ƒ †‡’‹†‡ †‡ …‡‡ƒ …‡ •Ǧƒ ˆ£…—– ’Ÿ£ Žƒ ‘‡–—Ž ”‡•’‡…–‹˜ Á ’ƒç‹‹
ƒ–‡”‹‘”‹Ǥ ‹ ƒ…‡•– ‘–‹˜ǡ ‡•–‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– …ƒ …‡”‹ì‡Ž‡ ’‡–”— ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ ’ƒ• Á
’ƒ”–‡ •£ ˆ‹‡ —ç‘” †‡ Áì‡Ž‡• ç‹ǡ †‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ •£ ‡š‹•–‡ ‘ ’‡”‹‘ƒ†£ •—ˆ‹…‹‡–£ †‡ –‹’
’‡–”—…ƒƒ…‡•–‡ƒ•£ˆ‹‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‡Ǥ

ƒ”–‡ƒƒƒ…‡•–—‹ƒ—ƒŽ˜ƒˆ‹†‡†‹…ƒ–£‡š’Ž‹…£”‹‹…‡Ž‘”烕‡’ƒç‹ƒ‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ…‡•–‡
‡š’Ž‹…ƒì‹‹ ˜‘” …‘„‹ƒ ƒ–Ÿ– ƒ•’‡…–‡ –‡‘”‡–‹…‡ …Ÿ– ç‹ ‡–‘†‡ ç‹ ‹•–”—‡–‡ ’”ƒ…–‹…‡
‹Ž—•–”ƒ–‡’”‹‡š‡’Ž‡Ǥ

 16

 17



PARTEA ÎNTÂI. PAS CU PAS ÎNSPRE REZULTATE

 18


 19



Pasul 1. Identificarea clienilor, publicului i factorilor interesai ai

evalurii

Clienii i factorii interesai

Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”ǡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ǡ ’”‹ —”ƒ”‡ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ •—– ’”‘…‡•‡
…‘’Ž‡š‡ǡ’‡–‡”‡Ž—‰ǡ…ƒ”‡‹’Ž‹…£†‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹ƒ…–‘”‹ǤB…ƒ†”—Žƒ…‡•–‡‹Dz‹–‡”’”‡–£”‹dz
‡‹Œ‘ƒ…£†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡”‘Ž—”‹ǡ†ƒ”‹…‹——Ž†‹–”‡‡‹—‡•–‡ƒ‹’—싐‹’‘”–ƒ–†‡…Ÿ–ƒŽ–—ŽǤ
”‹…‹’ƒŽ‹‹ƒ…–‘”‹•—–…Ž‹‡ì‹‹ǡˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ç‹’—„Ž‹…—ŽŽƒ”‰Ǥ

Clientul ‡•–‡ …‡Ž …ƒ”‡ •‘Ž‹…‹–£ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒǤ Ž ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ ˆ‹ ˆ‹ƒìƒ–‘”—ŽȀ’”‘‘–‘”—Ž
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ǥ

Factorii interesai •—– ‡–‹–£ì‹ •ƒ— ‹†‹˜‹œ‹ …ƒ”‡ •—– ƒˆ‡…–ƒì‹ Á ‘† †‹”‡…– †‡
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡ȋ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ǡ’”‘‰”ƒǡ’”‘‹‡…–‡Ȍç‹’”‹—”ƒ”‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

”‹…‹’ƒŽ‹‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ƒ‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹’—„Ž‹…‡‹…Ž—†ǡ†ƒ”—•‡Ž‹‹–‡ƒœ£Žƒǡ
‹‹•–‡”‡Ž‡ •‡…–‘”‹ƒŽ‡ǡ ƒ‰‡ì‹‹Ž‡ •—„‘”†‘ƒ–‡ ç‹ ƒŽ–‡ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‹ ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡ †‹”‡…– †‡
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡ǡ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”‹ȋ‰”—’—”‹…‹˜‹Ž‡…ƒ”‡•—–ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡†‡‹’ƒ…–—Ž†‹”‡…–’‘œ‹–‹˜ƒŽ
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ȍǡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ †‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ‹ ç‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹Ǥ ‡‘”‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ’”‡•—’—
ˆƒ’–—Ž …£ — ƒ— ‘ ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ †‹”‡…–£ ’‡–”— ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ …£ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ ƒ” ˆ‹ †‘ƒ”
•ƒ”…‹ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”Ǥ”‹—”ƒ”‡ǡ‡•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–…ƒˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹•£ˆ‹‡‹’Ž‹…ƒì‹
Á ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ …Š‹ƒ” †‡ Žƒ Á…‡’—–Ǥ Š‡‹ƒ —‡‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ †‡ •—……‡• ƒ ——‹
’”‘‰”ƒ‡•–‡…‘Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒǤ

‡ç‹’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ‡•–‡†‡‘„‹…‡‹‘”‹‡–ƒ–£…£–”‡•‘Ž—ì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ—‘”’”‘„Ž‡‡ƒŽ‡——‹‰”—’
싐–£ǡ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ…‡•–‡‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹ ƒ”‡ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹ ‹†‹”‡…–‡ ‡‹–‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡
ȋƒçƒ —‹–‡Ž‡ externalitiȌ ƒ•—’”ƒ ƒŽ–‘” ‡„”‹ ƒ‹ •‘…‹‡–£ì‹‹Ǥ £”ì‹Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ •—–
ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡ ‹†‹”‡…– ç‹ ’‘– ƒ˜‡ƒ — ‹–‡”‡• ‹†‹”‡…– Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ ç‹
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ •—– †‡—‹–‡ publicul mai largǤ —„Ž‹…—Ž Žƒ”‰ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ …‘’—•
†‹ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ‰”—’—”‹ †‡ ‹–‡”‡• ƒŽ‡ •‘…‹‡–£ì‹‹ǡ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‹ ’—„Ž‹…‡ ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡ ‹†‹”‡…– †‡
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡ç‹…ƒ”‡†‘”‡•…•£Á˜‡ì‡†‹‡š’‡”‹‡ìƒ†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ǥ


”ƒ‹ì‡Ž‡†‹–”‡ƒ…–‘”‹‹‹’Ž‹…ƒì‹—’‘–ˆ‹†‡ˆ‹‹–‡Á‘†…Žƒ”ǤŸ–‡‘†ƒ–£’—„Ž‹…—ŽŽƒ”‰
’‘ƒ–‡†‡˜‡‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒ–ǡ†ƒ…£‡•–‡•’”‹Œ‹‹–†‡•‘…‹‡–£ì‹„‹‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‡ȋ‡šǤ
Ǧ
—”‹ȌǤ

 20


EXEMPLUL 2. Factorii interesai i publicul mai larg

Ministerul Mediului a decis s creasc veniturile la bugetul de stat i a dispus

construirea unui sit de depozitare a deeurilor periculoase într-o anumit comunitate,
cu scopul de a cumpra acest tip de deeu din alte ri. Membrii acestei comuniti pot fi
considerai public mai larg, deoarece ei sunt afectai în mod negativ de aceast decizie
(externaliti). În acelai timp, dac aceast comunitate mobilizeaz un ONG de mediu
bine organizat i dezvoltat, poate influena procesul decizional i poate deveni un factor
interesat în cadrul evalurii. Ministerul poate implica acest ONG în procesul de
evaluare, solicitând ca ONG-ul s furnizeze evaluatorilor dovezi cu privire la efectele
negative asupra comunitii.


Nevoile prilor implicate în evaluare

˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ”‡ ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ †‘ƒ” †ƒ…£ ‡•–‡ —–‹Ž‹œƒ–£ ç‹ ˜ƒ ˆ‹ —–‹Ž‹œƒ–£ †‘ƒ” †ƒ…£ …Ž‹‡–—Ž
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹‘˜ƒ…‘•‹†‡”ƒ—–‹Ž£Ǥ”‹—”ƒ”‡ǡ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ—”‹œ‡œ‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ‘‹ ç‹ †‡ Á…”‡†‡”‡ ’‡–”— …Ž‹‡–Ǥ ‘ƒ–‡ ’£”ì‹Ž‡ ‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡ ƒ— ƒç–‡’–£”‹ ç‹
‘–‹˜ƒì‹‹†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡’‡–”—…ƒ”‡•—–‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡Á’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡•ƒ—‹–‡”‡•ƒ–‡†‡
…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ…‡•–‡ƒ•—–ƒçƒ—‹–‡Ž‡nevoi ƒŽ‡’£”ì‹Ž‘”ȋTabel 2).‡‘”‹
‡˜‘‹Ž‡•—–‡š’Ž‹…‹–‡ç‹–”ƒ•‹•‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”ǤŽ–‡‘”‹ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ•—–†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡†‡ˆ‹‹–ǡ
†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡…Š‹ƒ”†ƒ…£ƒ…–‘”‹‹”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡ƒœ£‹’‘”–ƒìƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ•Ǧƒ”’—–‡ƒ…ƒƒ…‡ç–‹ƒ•£
—ƒ‹„£‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡•ƒ—‹˜‡Ž—Ž†‡‡š’‡”‹‡ì£ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡’‡–”—ƒ†‡ˆ‹‹Á‘†…Žƒ”…‡
ƒ—‡†‘”‡•…•£‘„싐£Á—”ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ

†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ …Ÿ– ƒ‹ …Žƒ” ’‘•‹„‹Ž£ ƒ ‡˜‘‹Ž‘” …Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ •ƒ— …Ž‹‡ì‹Ž‘” ‡•–‡ — ƒ•’‡…–
‡•‡ì‹ƒŽǤƒ”‡—Ž—…”—‡˜‹†‡–ǡ†ƒ”Á’”ƒ…–‹…£ǡƒ†‡•‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹Á‹’‘–…‘•‹†‡”ƒ’‡
—Žì‹ †‹–”‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ †”‡’– Ƿ…Ž‹‡ì‹dzǡ ç‹ ’”‹ —”ƒ”‡ǡ ’‘– ’‹‡”†‡ †‹ ˜‡†‡”‡
‡˜‘‹Ž‡ …Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ †‹ …ƒ—œƒ —Ž–‹–—†‹‹‹ †‘”‹ì‡Ž‘” ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘” ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡ ƒ„—†‡ì‡‹
†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡•’”‡‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡ç‹†‹…ƒ—œƒ’”‘’”‹‹Ž‘”‘’‹‹‹ǡ‡š’‡”‹‡ì‡Ž‘”ç‹•–‹Ž—Ž—‹
†‡ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡˜‘‹Ž‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘” ’£”ì‹ ”‡’”‡œ‹–£ „ƒœƒ ’‡–”— †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‡ •…‘’—”‹ ƒŽ‡
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ †‡ç‹ ”‡Žƒì‹ƒ — ‡•–‡ ‡”‡— —ƒ †‹”‡…–£ Ȃ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ‘ ƒ—‹–£ ‡˜‘‹‡ ȋ‡šǤ
†‡‘•–”ƒ”‡ƒ•—……‡•—Ž—‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ȍ—•‡–”ƒ•’—‡Á‘†‡…‡•ƒ”Á–”Ǧ—•…‘’ƒŽ
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ

Tabel 2. Principalele pri i nevoile acestora

Prile…. … i nevoile acestora

Finanator/promotor Ǧ ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡•’”‡’”‘‰”‡•—ŽÁ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–
al interveniei ƒŽ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹’—„Ž‹…‡Ǣ
 Ǧ ‡‘•–”ƒ”‡ƒ•—……‡•—Ž—‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ǣ
‡”•‘ƒ£ǡ†‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–•ƒ—‹•–‹–—싇 Ǧ B„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹’‘œ‹–‹˜
…ƒ”‡ƒŽ‘…£ˆ‘†—”‹’‡–”—‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽƒŽ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ǣ
Ǧ ’”‹Œ‹’‡–”—’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ…—
’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ’‘•‹„‹Ž‡Ž‡”‡˜‹œ—‹”‹ƒŽ‡
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹’‡–”—ƒ…”‡ç–‡‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒǢ
Ǧ †‡‹’”‹˜‹†‘†—Ž†‡Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ
‡Žƒ„‘”£”‹‹˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹
•‹‹Žƒ”‡Ǥ
 21

Managementul interveniilor Ǧ ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ’”‘…‡•—Ž
publice ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ǣ
 Ǧ B„—£–£ì‹”‹—Ž–‡”‹‘ƒ”‡ƒŽ‡
‡”•‘ƒ‡ǡ†‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–‡•ƒ—‹•–‹–—ì‹‹ ‡…ƒ‹•—Ž—‹†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡’‡–”—
…ƒ”‡•—–‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡Á‰‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ƒƒ•‹‰—”ƒÁ†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”Ǣ
’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ Ǧ ‡‘•–”ƒ”‡ƒ•—……‡•—Ž—‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ǥ
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Žƒ†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡‹˜‡Ž—”‹
Factori decizionali de nivel Ǧ ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡•’”‡‹’ƒ…–—Ž‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ǣ
superior Ǧ ‡‘•–”ƒ”‡ƒ•—……‡•—Ž—‹•ƒ—‡ç‡…—Ž—‹
 ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ǣ
‡”•‘ƒ‡Žƒ—‹˜‡ŽÁƒŽ–…ƒ”‡‹ƒ— Ǧ ’”‹Œ‹’‡–”—’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ…—
†‡…‹œ‹‹Á•‡…–‘”—Ž•ƒ—†‘‡‹—ŽÁ ’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ•’”‹Œ‹ƒ†‹ì‹‘ƒŽÁ•‡…–‘”Ǣ
…ƒ”‡‘’‡”‡ƒœ£‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ 
Beneficiari/grupuri int direci/te Ǧ Œ—•–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹’‡–”—ƒ•‡”˜‹
 ‡˜‘‹Ž‘”Ž‘”Á–”Ǧ—‘†ƒ‹‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‡Ǣ

”—’—”‹†‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡•ƒ—‹•–‹–—ì‹‹ Ǧ ’”‹Œ‹…‘–‹——Ǣ
…ƒ”‡˜‘”„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒÁ‘††‹”‡…–†‡’‡ Ǧ ‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹
—”ƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ 
Societatea civil Ǧ ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡•’”‡‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‘†—Ž—‹
 †‡…Š‡Ž–—‹”‡ƒˆ‘†—”‹Ž‘”’—„Ž‹…‡Ǣ
‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”‹‹‹†‹”‡…싃‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ǡ Ǧ ƒœ£‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‘ƒŽ£’‡–”—ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹†‡
‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒ–‡Á”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ Ž‘„„›Ǥ
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ǡ’—„Ž‹…—ŽŽƒ”‰ 



Scopurile evalurii

˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒƒ”‡†”‡’–•…‘’Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž—‹ç‹’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹’—„Ž‹…‡Ǥ
…‡•–Ž—…”—’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–’”‹ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹’”‹˜‹††‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ƒ•’‡…–‡ƒŽ‡
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ǡ …ƒ”‡ ƒŒ—–£ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ †‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ‹ •£ Á„—£–£ì‡ƒ•…£ ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ”‡•’‡…–‹˜£Ǥ
•–ˆ‡Žǡ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹’”‹˜‹–£†”‡’–—‹•–”—‡–†‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ

”‹—”ƒ”‡ǡ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡•…‘’—”‹ƒŽ‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹•—–ǣ
x
‡‡”ƒ”‡ƒ†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ’”‘‰”‡•—Ž‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹—‡‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹
’—„Ž‹…‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡Ǣ
x £•—”ƒ”‡ƒ ‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–£ì‹‹ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ ’—„Ž‹…‡ǣ …‘’ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” ç‹
‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹‰‡‡”ƒ–†‡‘‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡’—„Ž‹…£•’‡…‹ˆ‹…£…—‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡‹‹ì‹ƒŽ‡Ǣ
x ‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒǣ ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ †‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ …— ’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡ ç‹
‹ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ç‹•‘…‹‡–£ì‹‹…‹˜‹Ž‡ƒ•—’”ƒ‘†—Ž—‹Á…ƒ”‡•—–
…Š‡Ž–—‹–‡ˆ‘†—”‹Ž‡’—„Ž‹…‡Ǣ
x B„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ‡…ƒ‹•‡Ž‘”†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹’—„Ž‹…‡’‡–”—‘
…”‡ç–‡‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒǢ
x
‡‡”ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ …—‘ç–‹ì‡ †‡•’”‡ ƒ„‘”†£”‹Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ †ƒ— ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ǡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡ƒ
Ž‡…ì‹‹Ž‘”Á˜£ìƒ–‡…—•…‘’—ŽÁ„—£–£ì‹”‹‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹Ž‘”•‹‹Žƒ”‡˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡Ǣ
x †‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ‡˜‘‹Ž‘”ƒ†‹ì‹‘ƒŽ‡ƒŽ‡‰”—’—”‹Ž‘”싐–£Ǣ
x ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ’£”ì‹Ž‘” †‹ •–”—…–—”ƒ †‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ Á–”Ǧ— ‡ˆ‘”– …‘— †‡
ƒƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ç‹Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒŽ‡’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ—ƒŽ–‡…—˜‹–‡ǡ’‘ƒ–‡…‘–”‹„—‹Žƒ‘
Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒŽ—…”—Ž—‹Á‡…Š‹’£Ǣ
 22

x ”‡ƒ”‡ƒ ——‹ •–‹—Ž ’‡–”— ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ Á •…‘’—Ž
Á„—£–£ì‹”‹‹’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì‡‹Ǥ


‹‡†‡…‹†‡…ƒ”‡‡•–‡•…‘’—Ž——‹‡š‡”…‹ì‹—†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ǫ
Ž‹‡–—ŽǨ

Sugestii practice


Identificai clientul, nevoile sale i scopul exerciiului de evaluare! Concentrai-v pe

aceste nevoi i pe scop, pe întreaga durat a procesului de evaluare, luând în acelai
timp în considerare i nevoile diverilor factori interesai. Prin urmare, evaluatorul ar
trebui s identifice factorii interesai împreun cu clientul i ar trebui s-i implice în
procesul de evaluare: colectai datele necesare de la factorii interesai, luai în
considerare opiniile acestora cu privire la intervenie, precum i ateptrile lor,
consultai-i cu privire la eventualele recomandri asupra raportului de evaluare, în
special cele care au relevan pentru ei.
Luai în considerare atât nevoile explicite cât i pe cele implicite (neexprimate). De
exemplu, nevoia managerilor de a demonstra succesul interveniei este, în majoritatea
exerciiilor de evaluare, neexprimat ca atare, dar este o nevoie uman fundamental
pe care evaluatorul nu o poate ignora.


 23



Pasul 2. Definirea întrebrilor de evaluare


Rolul întrebrilor de evaluare

B–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡•—–ƒ…‡Ž‡Á–”‡„£”‹Žƒ…ƒ”‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹–”‡„—‹‡•£”£•’—†£Á
”ƒ’‘”–—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǤB–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ƒŒ—–£‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹•£Áç‹…‘…‡–”‡œ‡—…ƒç‹ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž•£
‘ˆ‡”‡’Ž—•˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡…Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹Ǥ”‹—”ƒ”‡ǡ…Ž‹‡–—Ž‡•–‡…‡Ž…ƒ”‡ƒ”–”‡„—‹•£ˆ‘”—Ž‡œ‡
Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ ’‡–”— ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ ‡š‡”…‹ì‹— †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž
…‘•—Ž–£”‹Ž‘” …— ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ ‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ •—– „ƒœƒ–‡ ’‡
‡˜‘‹Ž‡ ç‹ ƒç–‡’–£”‹Ž‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ ƒŽ‡ …Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ ç‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘” ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ …— ’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ
”ƒ’‘”–—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ B–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ Œ‘ƒ…£ — ”‘Ž …Š‡‹‡ Á ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£ ˆ‹‡ †‡ˆ‹‹–‡ …ƒ ƒ–ƒ”‡Ǥ ƒ…£ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ Ž‹’•‡•…ǡ ƒ–—…‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹
’‘–ƒŽ‡‰‡•£‡˜ƒŽ—‡œ‡‘”‹…ƒ”‡ƒ•’‡…–†‹—Ž–‹–—†‹‡ƒ†‡ƒ•’‡…–‡…‡’‘–ˆ‹ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡Á
…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡‘‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡’—„Ž‹…£Ǥ ‘”—Žƒ”‡ƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡‰ƒ”ƒ–‡ƒœ£
…£ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ˜ƒ ”£•’—†‡ Žƒ ƒ…‡Ž‡ Á–”‡„£”‹ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ Žƒ …ƒ”‡ …Ž‹‡–—Ž ç‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹
‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ †‘”‡•… •£ ƒˆŽ‡ ”£•’—•—ŽǤ ‡‘”‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹ ’‘– •—‰‡”ƒ Á †‡…—”•—Ž
’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡…‘•—Ž–ƒ”‡ƒŽ–‡Á–”‡„£”‹’‡…ƒ”‡…Ž‹‡–—ŽŽ‡Ǧƒ•…£’ƒ–†‹˜‡†‡”‡ç‹…ƒ”‡
•—–”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡’‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

‹‡ˆ‘”—Ž‡ƒœ£Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǫ
x B‘†‹†‡ƒŽǡƒ”–”‡„—‹•£ˆ‹‡…Ž‹‡–—ŽǡÁ—”ƒ…‘•—Ž–£”‹‹…—ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡ
Žƒ‘‡–—Ž†‡ˆ‹‹”‹‹•ˆ‡”‡‹ç‹•…‘’—Ž—‹——‹‡š‡”…‹ì‹—•’‡…‹ˆ‹…†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǣ
x –—…‹ …Ÿ† …Ž‹‡–—Ž ƒ”‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ì£ Ž‹‹–ƒ–£ Á ‰‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ——‹ ‡š‡”…‹ì‹— †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹‡…‡•ƒ”…ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž•£•’”‹Œ‹‡…Ž‹‡–—ŽÁ…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡
ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡ƒ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘” †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ B …ƒ†”—Ž ——‹ ’”‘…‡• †‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ”‡ǡ
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—ŽÁŽƒ•‹•–£’‡…Ž‹‡–Á†‡ˆ‹‹”‡ƒ‡˜‘‹Ž‘”狃疇’–£”‹Ž‘”ƒ…‡•–—‹ƒ†‹
—”£ç‹Á†‡ˆ‹‹”‡ƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

Focalizarea întrebrilor de evaluare

B ‘† ‘„‹ç—‹–ǡ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž †‡ †‡–ƒŽ‹‡”‡ Á ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡ƒ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘” †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒœ£
…‘•‹†‡”ƒ„‹Ž†‡Žƒ—‡š‡”…‹ì‹—†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ŽƒƒŽ–—ŽǤBˆ‘”ƒŽ‘”‰‡‡”ƒŽ£ǡÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡
†‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ’‘– ’—” ç‹ •‹’Ž— •£ …‘‹…‹†£ …— †‹‡•‹—‹Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǣ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒìƒǡ
‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒǡ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ìƒ ç‹ ‹’ƒ…–—ŽǤ B ƒŽ–‡ …ƒœ—”‹ǡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ˆ‹‡…£”‡‹ƒ †‹–”‡ ƒ…‡•–‡
†‹‡•‹—‹ –‹’‹…‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ …Ž‹‡–—Ž ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ Á–”‡„£”‹ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ †‡ …ƒ”‡
‡•–‡‹–‡”‡•ƒ–Ǥ‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡÁ–”‡„£”‹ƒ‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ƒ•—’”ƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹’‘–
ƒ…‘’‡”‹—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡–”‡‹ƒ•’‡…–‡ǣ‹’ƒ…–—Žcuiç‹‹’ƒ…–—Žasupra cuiç‹pentru cineǫ

Tabelul 3’”‡œ‹–£’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡ƒ•’‡…–‡’‡…ƒ”‡•‡ˆ‘…ƒŽ‹œ‡ƒœ£Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
ç‹…ƒ”‡†‡’‹†Á•’‡…‹ƒŽ†‡•…‘’—Ž’‡–”—…ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘•–‹‹ì‹ƒ–£‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒǤ

 24

Tabelul 3. Formularea întrebrilor de evaluare în conformitate cu scopurile
evalurii.

Dac scopul atunci întrebrile de evaluare ar trebui s se concentreze

evalurii este... pe….
‰‡‡”ƒ”‡ƒ†‡ ƒ•’‡…–‡Ž‡ƒ•—’”ƒ…£”‘”ƒ…Ž‹‡–—Žƒ”‡‡˜‘‹‡†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡•’”‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ’”‘‰”‡•—Ž Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ– †‡ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡ǡ ƒ•’‡…–‡Ž‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ç‹
’‘œ‹–‹˜‡ ƒŽ‡ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ǡ …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹Ž‡
•–”—…–—”‹Ž‘” †‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ǡ †ƒ…£ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ ƒŒ—‰‡ Žƒ
‰”—’—”‹Ž‡ 싐–£ †‡ˆ‹‹–‡ ƒ–‡”‹‘”ǡ …ƒ”‡ •—– ’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡ …‡
ƒˆ‡…–‡ƒœ£ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒš‡–…Ǥ
”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ †‡‘•–”ƒ”‡ƒ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‹‹ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡ ƒ ˆ‘†—”‹Ž‘” Ȃ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ „‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹Ž‡
‘„싐—–‡’‡–”—‰”—’—”‹Ž‡싐–£ǡ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ìƒ…‘•–—”‹Ž‘”‡–…Ǥ‡Žƒ‹
’”‘„ƒ„‹Žǡ –‘ƒ–‡ †‹‡•‹—‹Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ˜‘” ˆ‹ ƒ…‘’‡”‹–‡ Á–”Ǧ—
‘† ‡…Š‹Ž‹„”ƒ–ǣ relevan, eficacitate, eficien, impact,
sustenabilitate etc.
Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ Ž‡‰£–—”ƒ †‹–”‡ ‡˜‘‹ ç‹ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ƒ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ ȋ”‡Ž‡˜ƒì£Ȍǡ
‡…ƒ‹•—Ž—‹ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒˆ‘”—Ž£”‹‹‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”ç‹‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”Ǥ

Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ Ǧ ‰”ƒ†—Ž †‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ”‡ ƒ •–”—…–—”‹Ž‘” ç‹ ’”‘…‡•‡Ž‘” †‡
‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡’”‡˜£œ—–‡Ǣ
Ǧ ’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡ ‹–‡”‡ •ƒ— ‡š–‡”‡ Á–ŸŽ‹–‡ ’‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž
‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ•–”—…–—”‹•ƒ—’”‘…‡•‡Ǣ
Ǧ †ƒ…£ ‡•–‡ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž …ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ’”‡œ‡–‡ •£ ƒ•‹‰—”‡
Á†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Á…‡Ž‡†‹—”£Ǣ
Ǧ ˜‡”‹ˆ‹…£ †ƒ…£ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹ †‡ ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹ ƒ‹ •—–
”‡Ž‡˜ƒì‹ç‹†ƒ…£•—–‘‹–‘”‹œƒì‹Á‘†ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–Ǣ
Ǧ ƒ’”‡…‹ƒœ£ †ƒ…£ ’”‡Ǧ…‘†‹ì‹‹Ž‡ ’‡–”— •—•–‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•–
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ç‹•—–ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ–‡Ǥ
ƒƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ Ǧ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘” …ƒ”‡ †‡‘•–”‡ƒœ£ Á†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”Ǣ
‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”ǡ Ǧ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹† ‡–‘†‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ •‘…‹‘Ǧ
‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹ç‹ ‡…‘‘‹…‡ ȋƒƒŽ‹œ‡ …‘•–Ǧ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì£ǡ …‘•–Ǧ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹—Ȍǡ •–—†‹‹ †‡
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ …ƒœ‡–…ǤǢ
‡˜‘‹Ž‘” Ǧ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ †‘‡‹‹Ž‘” ç‹ ‘–‹˜‡Ž‘” †‹ …ƒ—œƒ …£”‘”ƒ
—Ž–‡”‹‘ƒ”‡ ‹’ƒ…–—Žƒˆ‘•–•ƒ——ƒˆ‘•–…‡Žƒç–‡’–ƒ–Ǥ
‰‡‡”ƒ”‡ƒ†‡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–£ì‹‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡ ƒ ƒ„‘”†£”‹‹ ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ–‡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž
…—‘ç–‹ì‡ǡ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ȃ…‡ƒ‡”•„‹‡ç‹†‡…‡ǡ…‡—ƒ‡”•„‹‡ç‹†‡…‡Ǥ
ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡ƒ†‡  ƒ…‡•– •‡•ǡ ˜ƒ ˆ‹ ‡˜‘‹‡ †‡ — —£” ”‡œ‘ƒ„‹Ž †‡ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡
Ž‡…ì‹‹ …ƒ—œ£Ǧ‡ˆ‡…–Ǥ


’ì‹—‡ƒ ’‡–”— Á–”‡„£”‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡ •ƒ— •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ †‡’‹†‡ †‡ ‡˜‘‹Ž‡ …Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ ç‹ †‡
–‹’—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

†‡•‡ƒ …Ž‹‡ì‹‹ •ƒ— ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ƒ‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ƒŽ‡‰ •£ — ˆ‘”—Ž‡œ‡ Á–”‡„£”‹ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ǡ Ž£•Ÿ† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž •£ Áç‹ ƒŽ‡ƒ‰£ ’”‘’”‹‹Ž‡ Á–”‡„£”‹Ǥ …‡•– Ž—…”—
ƒ’ƒ”‡†ƒ–‘”‹–£†‘”‹ì‡‹†‡ƒ˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒ†ƒ…£…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡ç‹‘’‹‹‹Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”†‡•’”‡
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ’—„Ž‹…£…‘‹…‹†…—ƒŽ‡Ž‘”Ǥ…‡ƒ•–£ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡‡•–‡—ƒ…‘—£ç‹†‡Áì‡Ž‡•ǡ
†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ‘ƒ‡‹‹ •—– ƒ†‡•‡ƒ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ Á…Ÿ–ƒì‹ †‡ ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜ƒ †‡ ƒ ƒˆŽƒ †ƒ…£ ç‹
 25

ƒŽ–…‹‡˜ƒ Ž‡ Á’£”–£ç‡ç–‡ ‘’‹‹‹Ž‡Ǥ ‡ç‹ ‡•–‡ ‹–‡”‡•ƒ– †‡ ˜£œ—– †ƒ…£ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹
Á’£”–£ç‡•… ‘’‹‹‹Ž‡ …Ž‹‡ì‹Ž‘” ç‹ ƒŽ‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘” ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡ –”‡„—‹‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡ –‘–—ç‹
ƒ˜‡”–‹•‡–‡Áƒ…‡•–•‡•Ǥ

˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹•—–…‘ˆ”—–ƒì‹…——˜‘Ž—ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ƒ”‡†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ç‹‘—Ž–‹–—†‹‡†‡
ƒ•’‡…–‡ ’”‹˜‹† ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ ’‡ …ƒ”‡ Ž‡Ǧƒ” ’—–‡ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒǤ Š‹ƒ” ç‹
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹Ž‡Žƒ‘•…ƒ”£ƒ‹”‡†—•£ǡ…ƒ”‡ƒ—ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ–’‡–”—‘’‡”‹‘ƒ†£”‡Žƒ–‹˜•…—”–£
†‡ –‹’ǡ ‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£ — ˜‘Ž— ƒ”‡ †‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ǥ –‡”˜‡ì‹‹Ž‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜ ƒ”‹ǡ …ƒ”‡
˜ƒ”‹ƒœ£Á–‡”‡‹ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‹†‡Žƒ…Ÿ–‡˜ƒ‹Ž‹‘ƒ‡Žƒ•—–‡†‡‹Ž‹‘ƒ‡†‡‡—”‘ǡç‹…ƒ”‡
•—– ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‡ …— ƒŒ—–‘”—Ž —‘” •–”—…–—”‹ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‘ƒŽ‡ …‘’Ž‡š‡ǡ ƒ˜Ÿ†
—‡”‘ç‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ç‹ ˆ‹‹† ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒŽ‡ –‹’ †‡ ƒ‹ —Žì‹ ƒ‹ǡ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹
‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£—˜‘Ž—‡š–”ƒ‘”†‹ƒ”†‡ƒ”‡†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ǥ”‹—”ƒ”‡ǡƒ”’—–‡ƒ‡š‹•–ƒ
‡˜‘‹ƒ †‡ ƒ ˆ‘”—Žƒ Á–”‡„£”‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ‹ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ƒ…‘’‡”‹ ƒ…‡•–‡
ƒ•’‡…–‡†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ǥ

ƒ…£‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹—ƒ——ˆ‘…—•’”‡Ǧ†‡ˆ‹‹–Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ
‡š‹•–£ 烐•‡ ”‡†—•‡ …ƒ ƒ…‡ç–‹ƒ •£ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡œ‡ ‡šƒ…– ƒ…‡Ž‡ ƒ•’‡…–‡ ’‡ …ƒ”‡ …Ž‹‡–—Ž Ž‡
…‘•‹†‡”£ ƒ ˆ‹ ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡Ǥ †‡•‡ƒǡ Á ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž †‡ …ƒœ—”‹ǡ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘” •‡
Á–Ÿ’Ž£ •£ — ˆ‹‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ —–‹Ž‡ǡ †‹ …ƒ—œƒ ƒ‹ —Ž–‘” ‘–‹˜‡ Ǧ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ ’‘– ˆ‹ ’”‡ƒ
‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡ •ƒ— †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–‡ ‹—–‹Žǡ •ƒ— — ƒ…‘’‡”£ …‡‡ƒ …‡ …Ž‹‡ì‹‹ ç‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹
…‘•‹†‡”£ ƒ ˆ‹ ’”‘„Ž‡‡ ‡•‡ì‹ƒŽ‡ǡ •ƒ— …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡ •—– †‡Œƒ …—‘•…—–‡ –—–—”‘”Ǥ B
ˆ‹ƒŽǡ•‡–‹‡–—Ž…ƒ”‡’”‡˜ƒŽ‡ƒœ£‡•–‡…£‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒƒ˜—–‘’Ž—•Ǧ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡
’”‡ƒ ”‡†—•£Ǥ B ’Ž—•ǡ …Ž‹‡–—Ž ƒ” –”‡„—‹ Á–‘–†‡ƒ—ƒ •£ ‹ƒ Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ Á–”‡„ƒ”‡ƒ
exerciiul de confirmare a opiniilor mele pre-definite are o valoare suficient pentru a
justifica plata costurilor unui exerciiu de evaluare? Este aceasta singura valoare
adugat pe care o putem atepta de la exerciiul de evaluare?

†‡•‡ƒǡ Á ’”ƒ…–‹…£ •‡ Á–Ÿ’Ž£ …ƒ ”‡•’‡…–‹˜—Ž …Ž‹‡– •£ ˆƒ…£ ‘ ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ ‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–£Ǥ
†‹…£ǡ ƒŽ‡‰‡ •£ — †‡ˆ‹‡ƒ•…£ Á–”‡„£”‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ǡ ˆ£”£ ƒ ˆ‹ …‘ç–‹‡– †‡
’‘•‹„‹Ž‡Ž‡ …‘•‡…‹ì‡Ǥ B …‘…Ž—œ‹‡ǡ †ƒ…£ — …Ž‹‡– •ƒ— — ˆƒ…–‘” ‹–‡”‡•ƒ– ƒŽ‡‰ •£ —
†‡ˆ‹‡ƒ•…£ Á–”‡„£”‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–‡ǡ ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£ ˆƒ…£ ƒ…‡•– Ž—…”— †‡’Ž‹
…‘ç–‹‡ì‹†‡…‘•‡…‹ì‡Ž‡’‘•‹„‹Ž‡Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 3.
Ce se poate evalua?
x Eficacitatea rezultatelor programului (am redus congestiile în trafic, în ceea ce
privete timpul i volumul dorit?);
x Eficacitatea diferitelor strategii de management (dac managementul
descentralizat al programului este mai eficace decât managementul
centralizat);
x Eficacitatea diferitelor strategii de implementare (compararea aplicrii
flexibile a politicii de reglementare cu aplicarea rigid, compararea
contractrii externe a furnizrii de servicii de paz pentru închisori i servicii
de siguran împotriva incendiilor cu furnizarea de servicii intern).



 26

Tipuri de întrebri de evaluare

‹’—ŽÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡(Tabel 4)†‡‘„‹…‡‹†‡’‹†‡†‡——£”†‡ˆƒ…–‘”‹ǣ
x …‘’—Ž‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǣ
x ‘‡–—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ȃ‡šǦƒ–‡ǡ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”£•ƒ—‡šǦ’‘•–Ǣ
x ‹’—Ž‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ȋ’”‘‹‡…–ǡ’”‘‰”ƒǡ’‘Ž‹–‹…£Ȍ•—’—•£‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǣ
x •’‡…–‡Ž‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡…—…ƒ”‡•‡…‘ˆ”—–£‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒȋ…‹‡ç‹
…—‹’Ž‡‡–‡ƒœ£ȌǢ
x ‘Ž—Ž …Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž Ȃ ‡šǤ ˆ‹ƒìƒ–‘”ǡ ’ƒ”–‡ ƒ
ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž—‹†‡’”‘‰”ƒǡˆƒ…–‘”†‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ•‡‹‘”‡–…Ǥ

Tabel 4.Tipuri de întrebri de evaluare, grupate pe dimensiunile de evaluare i
pe momentul evalurii

Ex-ante Intermediar Ex-post
Relevan ƒ•‘Ž—ì‹‘ƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ
’”‘„Ž‡ƒÁÁ–”‡‰‹‡•ƒ—
†‘ƒ”’ƒ”싃Žǫ
ƒ…‡‡˜‘‹”£•’—†‡ǫ
—–ƒ…‡•–‡‡˜‘‹
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡…Žƒ”ç‹•—•ì‹—–‡
Á‘†ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–†‡†ƒ–‡ǫ
Eficacitate —–‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡ƒŽ‡•‡Žƒ—
‹˜‡Žƒ†‡…˜ƒ–ǫ
•–‡†‡ƒè–‡’–ƒ–…ƒ
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡’”‡˜£œ—–‡•£
…‘†—…£ŽƒÁ†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ
‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”ǫ
ƒ”‡•—–…‘•–—”‹Ž‡ˆƒì£†‡
„‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹Ž‡•…‘–ƒ–‡ǫš‹•–£
˜”‡‘‘†ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡†‡ƒ
†‡”—Žƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—ŽÁ–”Ǧ‘
ƒ‹‡”£ƒ‹‡ˆ‹…‹‡–£†‹
’—…–†‡˜‡†‡”‡ƒŽ
…‘•–—”‹Ž‘”ǫ
Eficien „‘”†ƒ”‡ƒƒŽ‡ƒ•£‡•–‡…‡ƒ
ƒ‹‡ˆ‹…‹‡–£†‹’—…–†‡
˜‡†‡”‡ƒŽ…‘•–—”‹Ž‘”ǫ
Implementare •–‡‡…ƒ‹•—Ž†‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡Ȃ•–”—…–—”‹ç‹
’”‘…‡•‡Ȃ„‹‡Œ—•–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–ǫ
•–‡…ƒŽ‡†ƒ”—Ž†‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽ‹•–ǫ
Ǧƒ‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡˜‘‹ƒ
‹‹ì‹ƒŽ£ǫ
…Š‹„ƒ”‡ƒ‡…‡•‹–£‘
ƒŒ—•–ƒ”‡…‘”‡•’—œ£–‘ƒ”‡
ƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ǫ
‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡‘„싐—–‡
’Ÿ£Á’”‡œ‡–ƒ•‹‰—”£
Á†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ
‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”ǫ
ƒ”‡•—–‡Ž‡‡–‡Ž‡
’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”‡…ƒ”‡ƒ—
ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ’£”ì‹‹
šƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ǫ
—’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹…”‡•…—–£
‡ˆ‹…‹‡ìƒ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹šǫ
•–‡’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–…‘ˆ‘”
’Žƒ—Ž—‹ǫ
‡…‡’‡”ˆ‘”ƒìƒ
’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹š‡•–‡•—„
싐–£ǫ‡’”‘…‡†—”‹
‹•–‹–—ì‹‘ƒŽ‡–”‡„—‹
•‹’Ž‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ƒ•–ˆ‡ŽÁ…Ÿ–
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ•£ˆ‹‡ƒ‹
‡ˆ‹…‹‡–£ǫ
–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒƒƒŒ—•Žƒ
‰”—’—Ž싐–£†‘”‹–ǫ
ƒ”‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–‘–‹˜‡Ž‡
’‡–”—•—……‡•—Ž
Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–Á
Á†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ
‘„‹‡…–‹˜—Ž—‹šǫ

ˆ‘•–ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒš
Á†‡’Ž‹‹–£ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†—Ǧ
•‡…‡ƒƒ‹„—£
ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡†‹’—…–†‡
˜‡†‡”‡ƒŽ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì‡‹
…‘•–—”‹Ž‘”ǫ
Ÿ–†‡„—£ƒˆ‘•–
’‡”ˆ‘”ƒìƒ
‹•–‹–—싇‹šǡ•ƒ—ƒ
’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹œǫ
‡Ž‡…ì‹‹’‘–ˆ‹
Á˜£ìƒ–‡ǫ
 27

Impact ƒ”‡‡•–‡‹’ƒ…–—Žƒç–‡’–ƒ– –‡”˜‡ì‹ƒƒ”‡‡ˆ‡…–‡ ƒ”‡‡•–‡‹’ƒ…–—Ž
ƒŽ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ǫ ‡‹–‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡’‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹‹šǡÁ
’ƒ”…—”•—Ž‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹ǫ …‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡…—
ƒ”‡•—–‰”—’—”‹Ž‡싐–£
ƒç–‡’–£”‹Ž‡ǫ
ƒ•—’”ƒ…£”‘”ƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ
˜ƒƒ˜‡ƒ‹’ƒ…–ǫ ƒ”‡‡•–‡‹’ƒ…–—Ž
‘‹‹’”‘…‡†—”‹Á
…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡…—…‡ƒ
˜‡…Š‡ǫ
‡…‡‹’ƒ…–—Ž
’‡–”—”‡‰‹—‡ƒšƒ
ˆ‘•–ƒ‹”‡†—•†‡…Ÿ–
…‡Žƒç–‡’–ƒ–ǫ
Durabilitate ’ƒ…–—Ž˜ƒˆ‹——Ž†‡ —–ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ–‡
†—”ƒ–£ǫ ’”‡Ǧ…‘†‹ì‹‹Ž‡’‡–”—
†—”ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”
ƒ”‡•—–‡Ž‡‡–‡Ž‡…ƒ”‡
šǡ›ǡœǫ‡•‡’‘ƒ–‡ˆƒ…‡
˜‘”ƒ•‹‰—”ƒƒ…‡•–Ž—…”—ǫ
’‡–”—ƒŽ‡ƒ•‹‰—”ƒǫ
‡ˆƒ…–‘”‹ƒˆ‡…–‡ƒœ£
‡‰ƒ–‹˜†—”ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
”‡ƒŽ‹œ£”‹Ž‘”šǡ›ǡœǫ
ƒ”‡•—–烐•‡Ž‡…ƒ
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡š•ƒ—›•£
†—”‡œ‡’‡–”—‘
’‡”‹‘ƒ†£Á†‡Ž—‰ƒ–£
†‡–‹’ǫ
ƒ”‡•—–…‘•–—”‹Ž‡
˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡ƒ–‹…‹’ƒ–‡
’‡–”—’”‘‰”ƒǫ
ƒ”‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–‘–‹˜‡Ž‡
’‡–”—†—”ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
”‡†—•£ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž—‹
šǫ
‡Ž‡…ì‹‹’‘–ˆ‹
Á˜£ìƒ–‡ǫ


Sugestii practice


Chiar i atunci când clientul nu a formulat întrebrile de evaluare, folosii edinele

preliminare sau etapa preliminar pentru a explora i a agrea împreun cu acesta i
factorii interesai, întrebrile fundamentale de evaluare.
Managerii exerciiilor de evaluare trebuie s rein c întrebrile de evaluare pot fi
dificil de identificat atunci când se dorete ca raportul de evaluare s fie folositor cât
mai multor factori interesai. Fiecare factor interesat poate formula întrebri diferite i
lista poate deveni prea lung. Prin urmare nu ar fi posibil s se rspund la toate
întrebrile adresate, iar clientul i factorii interesai ar trebui s aleag doar acele
întrebri pe care le consider a fi întrebri de evaluare eseniale.



…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡ †‡•…”‹•‡ Á ’ƒ•—Ž —”£–‘” ’”‡œ‹–£ ‘†—Ž Á …ƒ”‡ –”‡„—‹‡ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£ ‘
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ Á ‘†‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–ǡ Ž—Ÿ† Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ ”‡•—”•‡Ž‡
†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡ ȋ—ƒ‡ǡ †‡ –‹’ ç‹ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡Ȍ ç‹ …— •‡ …‘•–”—‹‡•… •–”—…–—”‹Ž‡ ’‡–”—
‰‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒç‹†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ǥ

 28



Pasul 3. Planificarea evalurii


Crearea structurilor de management ale evalurii

B ‘† ‘„‹ç—‹– ‡š‹•–£ †‘—£ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡ †‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ƒŽ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ Ȃ comitetul de
pilotajç‹echipadeevaluare. ‘‹–‡–—Ž†‡’‹Ž‘–ƒŒ‡•–‡—‰”—’†‡ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Žƒ
‹˜‡Ž ÁƒŽ– …ƒ”‡ •—– ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹ …— ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ †‡ Á†”—£”‹ …— ’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ †‹”‡…싃
•–”ƒ–‡‰‹…£ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ£ ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ …‡ç–‹ƒ — ÁŽ‘…—‹‡•… …Ž‹‡–—Žǡ †ƒ” ƒŒ—–£ Žƒ ‹˜‡Ž
•–”ƒ–‡‰‹… Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ †‡…‹œ‹ƒ ƒ•—’”ƒ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‘” ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ ç‹ 쇎—”‹ ƒŽ‡
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ ‘‹–‡–—Ž †‡ ’‹Ž‘–ƒŒ ‡•–‡ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ ˆ‘”ƒ– †‹ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹‹ ’ƒ”–‡‡”‡ ç‹
‹–‡”‡•ƒ–‡ ç‹ ‡•–‡ ‘ …‘„‹ƒì‹‡ †‡ …Ž‹‡ì‹ †‹”‡…ì‹ ç‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ‹†‹”‡…ì‹Ǥ
B–ŸŽ‹”‹Ž‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ …‘‹–‡–—Ž—‹ †‡ ’‹Ž‘–ƒŒ ƒŒ—–£ ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ •£ ƒ‹„£ ‘
Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡—‹–ƒ”£ƒ•—’”ƒ’”‹‘”‹–£ì‹Ž‘”狘ƒŽ‘”‹Ž‘”’‡’ƒ”…—”•—Ž’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ

B’”ƒ…–‹…£ǡ…‘‹–‡–‡Ž‡†‡’‹Ž‘–ƒŒ•—–ƒŽ…£–—‹–‡’‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡Žƒ•…ƒ”£Žƒ”‰£ǡÁ–‹’
…‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡Žƒ‘•…ƒ”£ƒ‹”‡†—•£’‘–ˆ‘Ž‘•‹•–”—…–—”‹Ž‡•ƒ—’”ƒ…–‹…‹Ž‡†‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–
‡š‹•–‡–‡ ȋ‡šǤ …‘•‹Ž‹— †‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡ Á–ŸŽ‹”‹Ž‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‡ Žƒ ‹˜‡Ž †‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ȍ
’‡–”— ƒ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒǤ ‡–”— ƒ—–‘‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ …Š‹ƒ” — †‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡– ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹
”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž’‡–”—’”‘‰”ƒǤ

”‡ƒ”‡ƒ —‡‹ ‡…Š‹’‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ †‡’‹†‡ †‡ …‘’Ž‡š‹–ƒ–‡ƒ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘” †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ
˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ‰‡•–‹‘ƒ–£ †‹ ‹–‡”‹‘” •ƒ— ‡š–‡”‹‘”ǡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ‹’Ž‹…ƒ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡ †‹
‡†‹‹ —Ž–‹†‹•…‹’Ž‹ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–£ †‡ ‘
ƒ‰‡ì‹‡ †‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…£ǡ †ƒ” …‡Ž ƒ‹ ƒ†‡•‡ƒǡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ‡•–‡ †‡Ž‡‰ƒ–£ …£–”‡
‹•–‹–—–‡Ž‡ †‡ …‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ǡ —‹˜‡”•‹–£ì‹ •ƒ— …‘’ƒ‹‹ ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ— ‡š’‡”‹‡ì£ Á
†‘‡‹—Ž”‡•’‡…–‹˜Ǥƒ’ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‡…‡•ƒ”£—ƒ”–”‡„—‹•—„‡•–‹ƒ–£Ǥ

”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ƒ•’‡…–‡ƒ”–”‡„—‹ƒ˜—–‡Á˜‡†‡”‡Á†‡…—”•—Ž‡–ƒ’‡‹†‡…”‡ƒ”‡ƒ‡…Š‹’‡‹
†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǣ
x ‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹ǡ…—‘ç–‹ì‡ǡ‡š’‡”‹‡ì£•—–‡…‡•ƒ”‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž‡…Š‹’‡‹ǫ
x …Š‹’ƒ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ˆ‹‡ ‹–‡”£ •ƒ— ‡š–‡”£ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ •ƒ— ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£ ˆ‹‡ ‘
…‘„‹ƒì‹‡Á–”‡…‡Ž‡†‘—£ǫ
x —’‘–ˆ‹‹’Ž‹…ƒì‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǫ

…Š‹’ƒ†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡–”‡„—‹‡•£‹…Ž—†£†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡…‘–‡š–‡ç‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹ǡƒ–Ÿ–Á…‡‡ƒ’”‹˜‡ç–‡
…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒǡ…Ÿ–ç‹Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡ƒƒŽ‹œƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ•–‡‡•‡ì‹ƒŽ…ƒÁ–”‡ƒ‰ƒ‡…Š‹’£
ƒƒŽ‹–‹…£•£‹ƒ’ƒ”–‡Žƒ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒç‹ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”†‡ƒ…Š‡–£ǤB…‡‡ƒ…‡
’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ’ƒ”–‡ƒ †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ —”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹ •—– ‡•‡ì‹ƒŽ‡ǣ ‡š’‡”–
‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ǡ ’”‘‹‡…–ƒ– ƒ…Š‡–£Ȁ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”ǡ ƒƒ‰‡” ’‡–”— ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡ ’‡ –‡”‡ǡ
’‡”•‘ƒ‡‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡Á’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹ç–‹Ȁ‡š’‡”ì‹’”‘…‡•ƒ”‡ƒ
‹–”£”‹Ž‘”†‡†ƒ–‡Ǥ

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Decizia de externalizare a evalurii i factorii care afecteaz aceast
decizie

Autoevaluarea realizat de ctre ‹•–‹–—싇 ‡•–‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡
‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡ ƒŽ‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ •—– …”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ …ƒ’ƒ…‹–£ì‹‹ ƒ‰ƒŒƒì‹Ž‘” •ƒ—ȀÁ„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ
ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž—‹ ’”‹˜‹† ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ •ƒ— ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ
–‹’—Žç‹…‘’‡–‡ì‡Ž‡’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž—‹’‘–ˆ‹‹•—ˆ‹…‹‡–‡ǡ‰ƒƒ†‡’”‘„Ž‡‡ƒ…‘’‡”‹–‡
’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹Ž‹‹–ƒ–£ǡ‹ƒ”…”‡†‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹’—•£ŽƒÁ†‘‹ƒŽ£ǤB•‡ƒ£…£
ƒ—–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ –”‡„—‹‡ ’”‹˜‹–£ …ƒ — ‡š‡”…‹ì‹— †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ …ƒ ’—…– †‡ ’‘”‹”‡
’‡–”—’”‡‰£–‹”‡ƒ—”£–‘”‹Ž‘”’ƒç‹Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡’”ƒ…–‹…ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ

˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£†‡ministere‡•–‡ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ƒ–—…‹…Ÿ†‘„‹‡…–‹˜—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹‡•–‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì‡Ž‘”‹‹•–‡”—Ž—‹Á…‘ˆ‘”‹–ƒ–‡…—’Žƒ—Ž•£—•–”ƒ–‡‰‹…ǡ’‡–”—
Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ ’”‹‘”‹–£ì‹Ž‘” „—‰‡–ƒ”‡ ç‹ ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† ‡•–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– …ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž •£
ƒ‹„£Ž‡‰£–—”‹•–”Ÿ•‡…—’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽǤ

˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£†‡evaluatorii externi ȋ‡šǤ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†‡…‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ç‹…‘•—Ž–ƒì‹
†‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ȍ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£ ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† ‘„‹‡…–‹˜—Ž ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ ˆ—”‹œƒ ‘‹
’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ƒ•—’”ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”’—„Ž‹…‡•ƒ—…Ÿ†•—–‡…‡•ƒ”‡…‘’‡–‡ì‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ ƒ…‡ç–‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹ ’‘– ƒ˜‡ƒ ‘ Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ Ž‹‹–ƒ–£ ƒ
…‘ì‹—–—Ž—‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ •ƒ— ƒ …—Ž–—”‹‹ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‡‹ •—’—•‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ç‹ ‘ˆ‡”£ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹
–‡‘”‡–‹…‡Ǥ

Evaluarea independent ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ …Ÿ† ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡ 싐–‡•… Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ
‹˜‡Ž—Ž—‹ †‡ ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ç‹ –”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ì£Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ …‡‹ …ƒ”‡ ˆ‘”—Ž‡ƒœ£
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡ ’‘– ƒ˜‡ƒ ‡œ‹–£”‹ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ƒ……‡’–ƒ”‡ƒ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘” ç‹
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘”Ǥ ”‘…‡•‡Ž‡ †‡ ƒ—†‹– ƒŽ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì‡‹ •—– ƒ†‡•‡ƒ •‹‹Žƒ”‡ …—
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡Ǥ ”‹–”‡ …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹Ž‡ Ž‘” …Š‡‹‡ •‡ ƒˆŽ£ ç‹ ‹†‡’‡†‡ìƒ ƒ—†‹–‘”—Ž—‹ ç‹
…‘…‡–”ƒ”‡ƒƒ‹†‡‰”ƒ„£’‡”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡†‡…Ÿ–’‡’‡”ˆ‡…ì‹‘ƒ”‡Ǥ

‡…‹œ‹ƒ †‡ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ •ƒ— ƒ —‘” ’£”ì‹ †‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ –”‡„—‹‡ Ž—ƒ–£ Á
’”‹—Ž ”Ÿ† †‡ …Ž‹‡–ǡ Á …‘•—Ž–ƒ”‡ …— ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‹‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ ‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ
ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ †‡…‹œ‹‡ †‡’‹†‡ †‡ ”‡•—”•‡Ž‡ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡ǡ †‡ –‹’ ç‹ …‡Ž‡ —ƒ‡Ǥ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž †‡
‹’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ ƒŽ …‡–”‡Ž‘” †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ —‹˜‡”•‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ç‹ …‘’ƒ‹‹Ž‘” ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ †‡’‹†‡ †‡
Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ –‹’—Ž ç‹ ”‡•—”•‡Ž‡ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹ †‡
‹–‡”‡•—Ž ’‘Ž‹–‹… ’”‹˜‹† …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ ‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ǡ ‹‹•–‡”‡Ž‡ ç‹ ƒ‰‡ì‹‹Ž‡
‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹œ‡ƒœ£ ’£”ì‹ †‹ ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ …‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ ç‹ •–—†‹‹ ’‡ –‡”‡ǡ …ƒ”‡ –”‡„—‹‡
ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†—Ǧ•‡‡–‘†‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡…‘’Ž‡š‡Ǥ

Elaborarea Termenilor de Referin pentru experi

‡”‡‹‹ †‡ ‡ˆ‡”‹ì£ ȋ†Ȍ ‘ˆ‡”£ …‘–‡š–—Ž ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ’‡–”— ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǣ †‡ˆ‹‡•…
‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡ç‹•ˆ‡”ƒƒ…‡•–‡‹ƒǡƒŽ…£–—‹”‡ƒ‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ç‹…‘‘”†‘ƒ”‡ƒÁ–‹’Ǥ

Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒ —‘” † ‡•–‡ — ’ƒ• ‹‹ì‹ƒŽ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‘”‹…£”‡‹ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ǡ
ƒ…Š‡–£ǡ…‡”…‡–ƒ”‡•ƒ—‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ†…Žƒ”‹ˆ‹…£ƒç–‡’–£”‹Ž‡ǡ”‘Ž—”‹Ž‡ç‹”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡
Á–”‡†‹˜‡”狈ƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡˆ—”‹œ‡ƒœ£’Žƒ—Ž’‡–”—ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‰‡‡”ƒŽ£ǡ‹…Ž—•‹˜
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡ †‡ —”£”‹”‡Ǥ ‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ”‡’”‡œ‹–£ ç‹ „ƒœƒ ’‡–”— ƒ”ƒŒƒ‡–‡Ž‡
…‘–”ƒ…–—ƒŽ‡…—…‘•—Ž–ƒì‹‹‡š–‡”‹Ǥ

 30

”‘ˆ—œ‹‡ƒ ç‹ ‰”ƒ†—Ž †‡ †‡–ƒŽ‹‡”‡ ƒŽ † †‡’‹†‡ †‡ –‹’—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡–”— ‘
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–£ †‹ ‡š–‡”‹‘” ƒ ——‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ …ƒ”‡ ‹’Ž‹…£ —‡”‘ç‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹
‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡ † ˜‘” ˆ‹ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒì‹ǡ ’‡ …Ÿ† ’‡–”— ‘ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ‹–‡”£ ƒ —‡‹
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹•ƒ—‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡†‡—”‰‡ì£’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹†‘ƒ”‘•‹’Ž£•…Š‹ì£Ǥ

† ’‘– ˆ‹ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒì‹ Á ƒ‹ —Ž–‡ ‡–ƒ’‡Ǥ B †‡…—”•—Ž ‡–ƒ’‡Ž‘” ‹‹ì‹ƒŽ‡ ƒŽ‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ
ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ •‡ ˜‘” …‘…‡–”ƒ ƒ‹ —Ž– ’‡ †‡–ƒŽ‹‹Ž‡ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ –—…‹ …Ÿ† ˜ƒ ˆ‹ ‡˜‘‹‡ †‡ ”‡…”—–ƒ”‡ƒ —‡‹ ‡…Š‹’‡ †‡ ƒ•‹•–‡ì£ ‡š–‡”£ǡ
‡”‡‹‹†‡‡ˆ‡”‹ì£–”‡„—‹‡•£…‘ì‹£ƒ‹—Ž–‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ•—”•‡Ž‡†‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ‡š‹•–‡–‡ǡ ƒŽ…£–—‹”‡ƒ ‡…Š‹’‡‹ǡ ’”‘…‡†—”‹ ç‹ ’”‘†—•‡ǡ †ƒ” ’‘– †‡•…”‹‡
‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ ç‹ …ƒŽ‡†ƒ”—Ž ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘” Á –‡”‡‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹Ǥ † ’‘– ˆ‹ ƒ’‘‹ ”‡˜‹œ—‹ì‹
†—’£ƒŽ…£–—‹”‡ƒ‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ…‘’—Žƒ…‡•–‡‹”‡˜‹œ—‹”‹‡•–‡ƒƒŽ‹œƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”
…Š‡‹‡ç‹‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒ—Ž–‡”‹‘ƒ”£ƒ‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹‡‹Ǥ

‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–—Ž ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž …— ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‡Žƒ„‘”‡ƒœ£ ƒ’‘‹ † Á „ƒœƒ ‡˜‘‹Ž‘”
…Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ ç‹ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‹Ž‘” ˆƒ…–‘”‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ •–‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– •£ •‡ ‹ƒ Á
…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡‡˜‘‹Ž‡†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒŽ‡–—–—”‘”’£”ì‹Ž‘”‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡Ǥ

‡”‡‹‹†‡‡ˆ‡”‹ì£’‘–‹…Ž—†‡—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡…ƒ’‹–‘Ž‡ǣ
ͳǤ ‘–‡š–
ʹǤ „‹‡…–‹˜
͵Ǥ ‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ƒŽƒ…ì‹—‹‹ȋoutputȌ
ͶǤ ˆ‡”ƒ†‡Ž—…”—
ͷǤ ‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹‡
͸Ǥ Žƒ†‡Ž—…”—
͹Ǥ Ž…£–—‹”‡ƒ‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
ͺǤ ‘…—‡–‡†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡

˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡•‡†‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£†‡‘„‹…‡‹Áƒ‹—Ž–‡‡–ƒ’‡ǡ…—ƒ”ˆ‹•–—†‹—Ž†‘…—‡–ƒ”ǡ
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹’‡–‡”‡ç‹ƒƒŽ‹œƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǤBƒ•–ˆ‡Ž†‡…ƒœ—”‹ǡ‡”‡‹‹†‡‡ˆ‡”‹ì£‘ˆ‡”£—
…ƒ†”— ’‡–”— ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ ——Ž †‹–”‡ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡ •–—†‹—Ž—‹ †‘…—‡–ƒ” ‡•–‡
ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡ƒ——‹’Žƒ†‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–†‡Ž—…”—’‡–‡”‡’‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

Evaluarea resurselor de timp, umane, financiare i datele disponibile

çƒ …— ƒ ˆ‘•– ‡ì‹‘ƒ– ƒ–‡”‹‘”ǡ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‹˜‹† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ †‡’‹†‡ Á ƒ”‡
£•—”£†‡Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ…‡•–‡ƒ†‡–‡”‹£•–”—…–—”ƒ‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ
’”‡…—ç‹‘†‡Ž—Ž’‘•‹„‹ŽƒŽ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡…ƒ”‡’”‡•—’——‡ˆ‘”–ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ƒ”‡
•—–‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡†‡‹’ƒ…–ǡ†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ‡…‡•‹–£†‡•…‘’‡”‹”‡ƒ—‡‹”‡Žƒì‹‹…ƒ—œƒŽ‡
Á–”‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ç‹Ž—‡ƒ”‡ƒŽ£Ǥƒ…£—‡š‹•–£•—ˆ‹…‹‡–‡”‡•—”•‡†‡–‹’ǡ
ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡ •ƒ— —ƒ‡ǡ ƒ–—…‹ •‡ †‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ ‡šǦ’‘•–ǡ ”ƒ’‹†‡ǡ ˆ£”£ ƒ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹
‰”—’—”‹Ž‡†‡…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡ǡ•ƒ—•–—†‹‹–”ƒ•˜‡”•ƒŽ‡ȋexplicate mai josȌǤŽ‡‰‡”‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”†‘ƒ”Á—”ƒˆ‹ƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹—‘ˆ‡”£”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡’”‡…‹•‡ç‹—’‘ƒ–‡
ˆ‹’”‹˜‹–£†”‡’–‘•—”•£†‡Á…”‡†‡”‡’‡–”—Ž—ƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡†‡…‹œ‹‹Ǥ

”‹ —”ƒ”‡ǡ Žƒ ‹˜‡Ž †‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ȁ†‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ •‡ ‡‹–£ Œ—†‡…£ì‹ …—
’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ –‹’—Žǡ ”‡•—”•‡Ž‡ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡ ç‹ —ƒ‡ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡ǡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ ‡–‘†‡Ž‘” †‡
…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ç‹ ƒƒŽ‹œ£ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡ ç‹ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ •‡ Á…‡”…‡ ƒŒ—•–ƒ”‡ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ Á
‘†”‡ƒŽ‹•–Ǥ

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Š‹ƒ” ç‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡ „‹‡ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ •‡ ’‘– …‘ˆ”—–ƒ …— •‹–—ƒì‹‹ ‡ƒç–‡’–ƒ–‡ …ƒ”‡ ’‘–
‡…‡•‹–ƒ ”‡•—”•‡ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡ •—’Ž‹‡–ƒ”‡Ǥ –—…‹ ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆƒ…‡
ƒ—‹–‡ ‘†‹ˆ‹…£”‹ ƒ•—’”ƒ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘” †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ ’‘ƒ–‡ Ž—ƒ Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ †‘ƒ”
…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ‡•‡ì‹ƒŽ‡ ’‡–”— Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ …‡Ž‡ ƒ‹
‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ǤB’Ž—•ǡ‡š‹•–£—Ž–‡•—”•‡•‡…—†ƒ”‡†‡†ƒ–‡…ƒ”‡’‘–ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ÁŽ‘…—Ž
‡–‘†‡Ž‘”ƒ‹…‘•–‹•‹–‘ƒ”‡†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”’”‹ƒ”‡Ǥ

‡‘”‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹•—–•‘Ž‹…‹–ƒì‹…Š‹ƒ”Á‹ŒŽ‘…—Ž’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒŽ—‡‹
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹ǡ•ƒ—…Š‹ƒ”…Ÿ†ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒ•Ǧƒˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–Ǥ–—…‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Á‹Ž‹’•‡•…”‡•—”•‡Ž‡†‡
–‹’Ǥ•–ƒÁ•‡ƒ£…£‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹—ƒ—’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒˆ‘Ž‘•‹‘†‡Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
…ƒ”‡‡…‡•‹–£—Ž––‹’ç‹…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ŽƒÁ…‡’—–†‡’”‘‰”ƒȋ‡šǤ•–—†‹‹†‡‰”—’
’”‡Ǧ–‡•–ƒ”‡ǡ ‡š’Ž‹…ƒ–‡ —Ž–‡”‹‘”ȌǤ B ƒ…‡•–‡ …‘†‹ì‹‹ǡ ‘†‡Ž—Ž …ƒ”‡ ‡…‡•‹–£ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ —Ž–
–‹’ ‡•–‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž †‘ƒ” †ƒ…£ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ „‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒœ£ †‡ — „—‰‡– ƒ†‡…˜ƒ– ’‡–”—
ƒ‰ƒŒƒ”‡ƒ ”‡•—”•‡Ž‘” —ƒ‡ ’‡–”— ƒ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ ƒ‹ ”ƒ’‹† ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ
†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥƒ–‡Ž‡…—Ž‡•‡”ƒ’‹†’‘–ˆ‹†‹•–‘”•‹‘ƒ–‡ǡ‹ƒ”…Ž‹‡–—Ž’‘ƒ–‡•£ˆ‹‡‡•ƒ–‹•ˆ£…—–
†‡‹˜‡Ž—ŽŽ‘”†‡ƒ…—”ƒ–‡ì‡ǤBƒ•–ˆ‡Ž†‡…ƒœ—”‹ǡ‡•–‡”‡…‘ƒ†ƒ„‹Ž…ƒƒ”Œƒ†‡‡”‘ƒ”‡
•£ˆ‹‡…Žƒ”‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£Á’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹ŽǤ

‡ Á–Ÿ’Ž£ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ …ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ •£ ˆ‹‡ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–£ Á —”ƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹ ——‹
ƒ—‹– ’”‘‰”ƒ •ƒ— ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ ç‹ — ‡š‹•–£ †ƒ–‡ †‡ „ƒœ£ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡Ǥ …‡ƒ•–ƒǡ †‹
’‡”•’‡…–‹˜ƒ ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–£ì‹‹ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ ‡•–‡ …‡ƒ ƒ‹ ‡ˆ‡”‹…‹–£ •‹–—ƒì‹‡ ç‹ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ˆ‹‡
Œ—•–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£ ’”‹ –‘ƒ–‡ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž‡ǣ ”‡…‘•–”—‹”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” †‡ „ƒœ£ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†
‡–‘†‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹˜‡ǡƒŽ–‡•—”•‡‡š‹•–‡–‡•ƒ—’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ǧ”‡•—”•£…Š‡‹‡Ǥ

 ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ …‘’Ž‡– ‘„‹‡…–‹˜£ǡ ‡’£”–‹‹–‘ƒ”‡ ç‹ ’‡”ˆ‡…–£ — ‡š‹•–£Ǥ ‡…‹œ‹‹Ž‡ ‹’Ž‹…£
Á–‘–†‡ƒ—ƒ Œ—†‡…ƒ–ƒ —ƒ£Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹
ƒ„‘”†£”‹ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ȋ‡šǤ …‘„‹ƒ”‡ƒ ‡–‘†‡Ž‘” …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ç‹ …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ
†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ –”‹ƒ‰—Žƒì‹‡‹Ȍ …— •…‘’—Ž †‡ ƒ …”‡ƒ ‘ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ …Ÿ– ƒ‹ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜£
’‘•‹„‹ŽǡÁƒ…‡Žƒç‹–‹’Ž—Ÿ†Á…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡‡˜‘‹Ž‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ƒŽ‡…Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹Ǥ

Alegerea tipului de evaluare

‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ …‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ …‘•–‹–—‹‡ „ƒœƒ ˆ‹‡…£”‡‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ ƒ —‡‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ǥ
‡’‹†‡ †‡ ƒƒŽ‹•–—Ž ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ”‡•’‡…–‹˜‡ •£ †‡…‹†£ …Ÿ– †‡ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–£ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ˆ‹‡
ƒƒŽ‹œƒ Á ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ …ƒœ Á ’ƒ”–‡Ǥ B ’Ž—•ǡ …—‘ç–‹ì‡Ž‡ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ ƒ„‘”†£”‹Ž‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡
’”‹˜‹†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ‡šǦ’‘•–’‘–ƒŒ—–ƒŽƒ†‡–‡”‹ƒ”‡ƒ˜ƒŽ‘”‹‹ƒŽ–‘”‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ç‹…‡”…‡–£”‹
†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–‡ƒ–‡”‹‘”’‡…ƒ”‡†‘”‹•£Ž‡‹…Ž—†‡Á’”‘’”‹‹Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ǥ

”‘‰”ƒ—Ž•ƒ—’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ’‘–ˆ‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡Á…‘ˆ‘”‹–ƒ–‡…—‘‰ƒ£Žƒ”‰£†‡…”‹–‡”‹‹†‡
‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ ‹‡…ƒ”‡ †‘‡‹— †‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ ƒ”‡ ’”‘’”‹‹Ž‡ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡ ’‡ …ƒ”‡ Ž‡
—–‹Ž‹œ‡ƒœ£ ’‡–”— ƒǦç‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡Ǥ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ Á †‘‡‹—Ž ‡…‘‘‹…
’”‹…‹’ƒŽƒ ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ eficiena resurselor alocateǤ …‡•– Ž—…”— Á•‡ƒ£ …£ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž
…‘•–—”‹Ž‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ‡ ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‡ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ˆ‹‡ …‡Ž ’—싐 ‡‰ƒŽ •ƒ— ƒ‹ ‹… …— …‡Ž ƒŽ
„‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹Ž‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‡ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‡Ǥ”‹—”ƒ”‡ǡ’‡’ƒ”…—”•—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹‡…‘‘‹ç–‹‹‹ƒ—Á
…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ — †‘ƒ” ‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‡ ‹–‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡ǡ …‹ ç‹ ’‡ …‡Ž‡ ‡‹–‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡ ȋ‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹–£ì‹
’‘œ‹–‹˜‡ ç‹ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ȌǤ ƒ…£ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹Ž‡ ‡…‘‘‹…‡ ”‡’”‡œ‹–£ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ—Ž ‹–‡”‡• ƒŽ …‡Ž‘”
…ƒ”‡ ˆ‘”—Ž‡ƒœ£ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡ǡ ƒ…‡ç–‹ƒ ˜‘” ƒŽ‡‰‡ •£ ˆ‘Ž‘•‡ƒ•…£ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ …‘•– „‡‡ˆ‹…‹— •ƒ—
ƒƒŽ‹œƒ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì‡‹…‘•–—”‹Ž‘”’‡–”—ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ‹˜‡Ž—Ž†‡‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì£ƒŽ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ

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Ž–‡ †‘‡‹‹ ƒ— ƒŽ–‡ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡ ’”‹ —”ƒ”‡ ‘–‹˜‡Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ˜‘” ˆ‹
†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ǥ ‘…‹‘Ž‘‰‹‹ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ •‡ …‘…‡–”‡ƒœ£ ’‡ ƒ•’‡…–‡ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ egalitate i dreptate
socialǤ ’‡…‹ƒŽ‹ç–‹‹ †‹ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒì‹‡ ’—„Ž‹…£ ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ †ƒ…£ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž ‡•–‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ– Á …‘ˆ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ …— ’”‡ˆ‡”‹ì‡Ž‡ Ž‡‰‹—‹–‘”‹Ž‘”ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž †‡
•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…싇ƒŽ…‘—‹–£ì‹‹…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‡ˆ—”‹œƒ–‡Ǥ

‡‹…ƒ”‡ˆ‘”—Ž‡ƒœ£’‘Ž‹–‹…‹ƒ—†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡˜ƒŽ‘”‹ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡Ǥ‹†‘”‡•…•£•‡ƒ•‹‰—”‡…£
’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–£ ‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ç‹ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ƒ…ì‹—‹‹ ȋoutputsȌ
ƒç–‡’–ƒ–‡ç‹—Á”£—–£ì‡ç–‡…‘†‹ì‹‹Ž‡†‡˜‹ƒì£ƒŽ‡‹£—‹Ǥ‡‘„‹…‡‹ǡ†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹
ƒ— ˆ‘•– ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†—Ǧ•‡ ”‡•—”•‡ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡ †‹ „—‰‡–—Ž †‡ •–ƒ– †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž
——‹ ƒ—‹– ’”‘‰”ƒ ƒŽ ——‹ ‹‹•–‡” •ƒ— ƒŽ —‡‹ ƒ‰‡ì‹‹Ǥ ‡Ž‡ †‹–”‡ ƒ…‡•–‡
’”‘‰”ƒ‡ƒ—‘†—”ƒ–£‡†‡ˆ‹‹–£ȋ‡šǤ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹Ž‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡Ȍ’”‹—”ƒ”‡ǡ’‘–ˆ‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡
†‘ƒ”’”‹‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ”‡ƒ—‘”‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”‡Ǥƒ…‡•–‡…ƒœ—”‹ǡ—•‡–†‡‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹
†‡ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ †‡ˆ‹‹ì‹ Á ’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹Ž ƒŒ—–£ Žƒ ‡‹–‡”‡ƒ †‡ Œ—†‡…£ì‹ǡ †ƒ…£
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ…‘†—…‡…£–”‡‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡†‡’‘Ž‹–‹…£•ƒ—’”‘‰”ƒǤ

•–ˆ‡Žǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì‡‹ —‡‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹ •ƒ— ——‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ ‹…Ž—†‡ ‡•–‹ƒ”‡ƒ
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡†‹†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ


EXEMPLUL 4. Perspective diferite asupra aceleiai probleme

x Sociologul poate evalua reforma privind asistena social (îmbuntirea
condiiilor de trai în comunitile Roma) astfel: dac aceast reform elimin
srcia sau dac reduce diferenele în ceea ce privete nivelurile de srcie între
diferite grupuri de populaie.
x Economitii ar putea evalua reforma privind asistena social astfel: dac
îmbuntete viaa oamenilor în general (inclusiv a contribuabililor) fa de
perioada anterioar.
x Din punctul de vedere al administraiei publice aceast reform ar putea fi
valorizat dac implementarea se desfoar la timp i nu depete resursele
planificate.
x Psihologii ar putea evalua modul cum i-a afectat aceast reform pe copiii de
etnie Rom sau relaia acestora cu prinii.

š‹•–£ƒ‹—Ž–‡–‹’—”‹†‡•–—†‹‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ç‹ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡†‹–”‡‡Ž‡ƒ†”‡•‡ƒœ£Á–”‡„£”‹
†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ǥ •–ˆ‡Žǡ –‹’—”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ …Žƒ•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ Á –‡”‡‹‹ ‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹‡‹ ç‹ ƒ‹
ˆ‘…ƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒǤB…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡‡–‘†‡Ž‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ǡ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡’‘–ˆ‹†‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡
•ƒ— ’‘– ƒƒŽ‹œƒ …ƒ—œƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒǤ B ’”‹˜‹ìƒ …‘ì‹—–—Ž—‹ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡ •‡ ’‘– …‘…‡–”ƒ ’‡
…‘–”‹„—ì‹‹ ȋinputsȌǡ ’”‘…‡•‡ǡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ ƒ…ì‹—‹‹ ȋoutputsȌ •ƒ— ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ȋoutcomesȌǤ

Evaluri descriptive vs. cauzale

Evaluarea descriptiv†‡ˆ‹‡ç–‡†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡–”£•£–—”‹ƒŽ‡‰”—’—Ž—‹싐–£Ǥ‡š‡’Ž—†‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ †‡•…”‹’–‹˜£ ‡•–‡ analiza nevoilor. Ž–‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ †‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡ ’‘– ƒƒŽ‹œƒ
‰”—’—”‹Ž‡ 싐–£ ƒŽ‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘” ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹ …‘–”‹„—ì‹‹Ž‡ǡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ƒ…ì‹—‹‹
ȋoutputsȌǡ•ƒ—ƒ„‡Ž‡Ǥ
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EXEMPLUL 5. Tipuri de evaluri descriptive

x Grupul int – copii precolari din familii aflate sub nivelul admis de srcie.
Evaluarea descriptiv poate analiza starea lor nutriional, starea sntii în
general i abilitile verbale.
x Grupul int – clieni ai programelor locale de reciclare. Evaluarea descriptiv
poate analiza bugetul mediu, poate descrie cine gestioneaz programul (guvern
sau contractant), poate caracteriza tipul de program (plata pentru returnarea
sticlelor, tipuri de reciclare, tipuri de depozitare).



Evalurile cauzale †‡‘„‹…‡‹ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ƒœ£…ƒ—œƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒǣƒ‰‡‡”ƒ–’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡
ƒ…ì‹—‹‹ȋoutputsȌ†‘”‹–‡ǡ‡˜‹–Ÿ†—ǦŽ‡’‡…‡Ž‡‡†‘”‹–‡ǫ•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–’‡–”—…‡‹…ƒ”‡
ˆ‘”—Ž‡ƒœ£ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡ …ƒǡ †—’£ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒǡ •£ …‘’ƒ”‡ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‡
”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ƒ–Ÿ–Á–‡”‡‹‹”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”’‘œ‹–‹˜‡…Ÿ–狐‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ‡‹–”‡„—‹‡
•£…—‘ƒ•…£‡ˆ‡…–—Ž‡–ƒŽ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Á…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡…—†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹ƒŽ–‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ǡ
•ƒ—…—•…‡ƒ”‹—ŽǷƒ—ˆƒ…‡‹‹…dzǤ‡‘„‹…‡‹ƒ…‡•–Ž—…”—‡…‡•‹–£—‘†‡Ž†‡’‘Ž‹–‹…£
ƒ—‡ ȋ•ƒ— –‡‘”‹‡Ȍ ç‹ — –‡•– ƒŽ ƒ…‡•–‘” ‘’ì‹—‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹† ‡–‘†‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡ •ƒ—
…˜ƒ•‹Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡ȋ‡š’Ž‹…ƒ–‡ƒ‹Œ‘•Ȍ †‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ


EXEMPLUL 6. ‹’—”‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹…ƒ—œƒŽ‡
x Pentru a descoperi msura în care obiectivele de formare au fost îndeplinite i
planul iniial de formare a fost implementat.
x Studiu de impact privind programul de prevenire a polurii.
.


Evaluri formative vs. sumative

B …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ …‘ì‹—–—Ž Ž‘”ǡ ƒ—‹–‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ •‡ ƒš‡ƒœ£ ’‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ǡÁ–‹’…‡ƒŽ–‡Ž‡•‡…‘…‡–”‡ƒœ£’‡‹˜‡Ž—Žƒ–‹•†‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ…ì‹—‹‹
ȋoutputsȌ ç‹ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ȋoutcomesȌǤ ƒŽ‹œƒ ’”‘…‡•‡Ž‘” †‡ ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ ƒ
•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘” ’—„Ž‹…‡ ‡•–‡ — Ž—…”— ‘„‹ç—‹– Á ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒì‹ƒ ’—„Ž‹…£ ç‹ •‡”˜‡ç–‡ †”‡’–
‡š‡’Ž—’‡–”—evaluarea procesului•ƒ—evalurile formative. ƒŽ‹œ‡Ž‡‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì‡‹
…‘•–—”‹Ž‘” ç‹ …‘•–Ǧ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹—ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹ ‡–ƒǦƒƒŽ‹œ‡Ž‡ •—– ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡ ‡–‘†‡
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ Á evaluarea impactului •ƒ— evalurile sumative. …‡•–‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ •—–
ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ †‡• Á–ŸŽ‹–‡ Á †‘‡‹‹Ž‡ ‡…‘‘‹…ǡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ç‹ ‡†—…ƒì‹‘ƒŽǤ –—†‹‹Ž‡ †‡ ‹’ƒ…–
•‘…‹ƒŽç‹…‡Ž‡’”‹˜‹†•£”£…‹ƒ•‡”˜‡•…†”‡’–‡š‡’Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹•—ƒ–‹˜‡†‡•Á–ŸŽ‹–‡Ǥ

Evaluarea formativ ‡šƒ‹‡ƒœ£ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ ƒ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ ȋŽ‘‰‹…ƒ
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ȍǡ …— ƒ……‡– ƒ•—’”ƒ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–£ì‹‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹ •ƒŽ‡ ç‹ ƒ …‘–‡š–—Ž—‹
‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‘ƒŽǡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž—‹ǡ •–”—…–—”‹Ž‘” ç‹ ’”‘…‡†—”‹Ž‘”Ǥ ƒ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹
‘”‹‡–ƒ–‡ …£–”‡ •…Š‹„ƒ”‡ǡ ƒ…‘”†£ ‘ ƒ–‡ì‹‡ †‡‘•‡„‹–£ †‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡‹ †‹–”‡ †‹”‡…싃 ç‹
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ƒç–‡’–ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ ƒ…ì‹—‹‹ ȋoutputsȌ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ ç‹ …‡‡ƒ …‡ •‡
 34

Á–Ÿ’Ž£ Á ”‡ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ ƒŽ‹œƒ ’—…–‡Ž‘” ˆ‘”–‡ǡ ’—…–‡Ž‘” •Žƒ„‡ǡ ƒ ƒ‡‹ì£”‹Ž‘” ç‹
‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ‡•–‡ ‘ ’ƒ”–‡ ‘„‹ç—‹–£ ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘” ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ƒŽ‹œƒ ‡˜‘‹Ž‘”
‡ì‹‘ƒ–£ ƒ–‡”‹‘”ǡ ‡•–‡ ƒ–Ÿ– ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ †‡•…”‹’–‹˜£ǡ …Ÿ– ç‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜£Ǥ
”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡•ƒ—’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡Žƒ•…ƒ”£Žƒ”‰£ƒ…‘’‡”£†‡‘„‹…‡‹‰”—’—”‹싐–£ƒ‹Žƒ”‰‹ǡ•—–
…‘’Ž‡š‡ ç‹ ƒ— ‘ —Žì‹‡ †‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ǥ ”‹ —”ƒ”‡ǡ ‰‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹ Ž‘”
‡•–‡‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡…ƒ”‡’”‡œ‹–£—Ž–‡’”‘˜‘…£”‹ǡ†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡‡•–‡ˆ‘ƒ”–‡—ç‘”•£–‡ƒ„ƒì‹
†‡ Žƒ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ’—„Ž‹…‡Ǥ ƒ”–‡ƒ ‡•‡ì‹ƒŽ£ ƒ ˆ‘”—Ž£”‹‹ †‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹ ‡•–‡
†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ƒ Á ‘† ”‡‰—Žƒ– ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ …— •…‘’—Ž †‡ ƒ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ †ƒ…£
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡•—–‘”‹‡–ƒ–‡…£–”‡’—„Ž‹…—Ž’‘–”‹˜‹–Ǥ

B–”‡„£”‹Ž‡…Š‡‹‡ç‹‡–‘†‡Ž‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡•—–ǣ
x Unde este problema i care este sfera sa?
x De ce, pentru cine i cum merge sau nu o intervenie?
x Cum ar trebui s fie îmbuntit un program sau o politic în cazul în care
eueaz?

ƒ…£ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”’—„Ž‹…‡ç‹’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘”•‡†‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£Á
‘† ”‡‰—Žƒ– ç‹ Á …‘ˆ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ …— ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹ì‹ Á ’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹Žǡ ƒ…‡•– Ž—…”— ‘ˆ‡”£
ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ”‹Ž‘” ’—„Ž‹…‹ †‡ ‹˜‡Ž •—’‡”‹‘” ‘’‘”–—‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ ’”‘„Ž‡ƒ ’‡
’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹ —‡‹ ƒ—‹–‡ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹ ‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡Ǥ †ƒ–£ ’”‘„Ž‡ƒ
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£ǡ‡•–‡‡˜‘‹‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹•—’Ž‹‡–ƒ”‡ǤBƒ…‡ƒ•–£‡–ƒ’£’‘–ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ƒ‹
—Ž–‡ ƒ„‘”†£”‹ǡ †‡ ‡š‡’Ž— …‘•—Ž–£”‹Ž‡…—ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡƒƒŽ‹œƒ‡˜‘‹Ž‘”ǡ…ƒ”‡
’‘ƒ–‡‹…Ž—†‡ƒƒŽ‹œƒ•—”•‡Ž‘”†‡†ƒ–‡‡š‹•–‡–‡ǡ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹…—‰”—’—”‹Ž‡싐–£ç‹ˆ‘…—•
‰”—’—”‹Ǥ

‡–‘†‡Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒŒ—–£ Žƒ †‡ˆ‹‹”‡ƒ ƒ–—”‹‹ ç‹ †‹‡•‹—‹‹ ’”‘„Ž‡‡‹ ‡š‹•–‡–‡ǡ ‡…‡•‹–£
Ž—…”— Á ‡…Š‹’£ ç‹ ƒ—‹–‡ ’”‡‰£–‹”‹ Á ’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹Ž ȋ†‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ „”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰ǡ ˆ‘…—•
‰”—’—”‹ǡ‡–‘†‡Ž‡‡Ž’Š‹ǡƒƒŽ‹œƒˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡ•…Š‡‡…‘…‡’–—ƒŽ‡ȌǤ



EXEMPLUL 7. Tipuri de evaluri formative

Ǧ Analiza nevoilor determin cine are nevoie de program, nivelul nevoilor i ce
anume ar putea fi aplicat pentru a îndeplini aceste nevoi.
Ǧ Analiza evaluabilitii determin dac un anumit program este pregtit pentru
evaluare i dac evaluarea va genera rezultate de încredere.
Ǧ Evaluarea procesului analizeaz dac metodele de implementare folosite sunt
adecvate sau trebuie s fie schimbate



Evalurile sumative ‡šƒ‹‡ƒœ£ ‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‡ •ƒ— ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ƒ—‹–‘” ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ǥ Ž‡
”‡œ—£ …‘•‡…‹ì‡Ž‡ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ ç‹ †‡–‡”‹£ Ž‡‰£–—”‹Ž‡ †‹–”‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ …‘•‡…‹ì‡ ç‹
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ

B–”‡„£”‹Ž‡…Š‡‹‡ç‹‡–‘†‡Ž‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘”•—ƒ–‹˜‡•—–—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ǣ
x Care este nivelul de eficacitate al programului?
x Care este impactul net al programului?
 35

˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹ ’‘– ƒŽ‡‰‡ ‡–‘†‡ †‡ ‘„•‡”˜ƒì‹‡ ’‡–”— ƒ †‡‘•–”ƒ †ƒ…£ ƒ— ˆ‘•–
Á†‡’Ž‹‹–‡ ‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‡ †‘”‹–‡ ç‹ ‘†‡Ž‡ …˜ƒ•‹Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡ ç‹ ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡ ’‡–”— ƒ
†‡–‡”‹ƒ†ƒ…£‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‡‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‡ƒ”’—–‡ƒˆ‹ƒ–”‹„—‹–‡Á‘†”‡œ‘ƒ„‹Ž‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹
ç‹ — ƒŽ–‘” •—”•‡Ǥ ‡–”— ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì‡‹ …‘•–—”‹Ž‘” ç‹ …‡ƒ ƒ …‘•–—”‹Ž‘”Ȁ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹Ž‘”
•—– ‡…‡•ƒ”‡ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ ‡…‘‘‡–”‹…‡ǡ ‡–‘†‡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ …ƒ”‡ ’‡”‹– ”‡œ—ƒ”‡ƒ
Á–”‡‰‹‹‰ƒ‡†‡‹’ƒ…–—”‹‹–‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡ç‹‡‹–‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡Ǥ


EXEMPLUL 8. Tipuri de evaluri sumative

x Analiza programului educaional: msura rezultatului aciunii (output
measure) – notele de la testele standard, msura rezultatului aciunii – rata de
absolvire, statutul de ocupare a forei de munc i nivelul salarial în urma
absolvirii.
x Analiza programului de asisten social sau formare la locul de munc:
câtiguri, nivel de srcie, mobilitate pe piaa muncii, creteri salariale pe
termen lung.
x Analiza programului de reglementare (de exemplu, implementarea unei legi):
msura rezultatului aciunii – volumul de inspecii, penaliti i ali indicatori
de conformitate sau neconformitate, msura rezultatului aciunii –nivelul
polurii, siguranei, accidentelor etc.


B–”‡„ƒ”‡ƒ†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡’”‹‡ƒÁ•£ç‹‘ˆ‡”£”£•’—•—ŽŽƒÁ–”‡„ƒ”‡ƒ…‡–‹’†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
–”‡„—‹‡ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–£Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ’‘•‹„‹Ž‡Ž‘” …‘„‹ƒì‹‹ –”ƒ•˜‡”•ƒŽ‡
Á–”‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ †‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡ǡ …ƒ—œƒŽ‡ǡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ç‹ •—ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ‡š‹•–£ ’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ ƒ
ƒŽ‡‰‡Ǥ

Trei abordri principale în cadrul evalurilor cauzale

Validitate intern 2‡•–‡Á…‡–”—Ž–—–—”‘”…‘…Ž—œ‹‹Ž‘”„ƒœƒ–‡’‡‹’ƒ…–—”‹…ƒ—œƒŽ‡•ƒ—

†‡–‹’—Ž…ƒ—œ£Ǧ‡ˆ‡…–ǤƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‹–‡”£‡•–‡…”—…‹ƒŽ£’‡–”—…ƒ’ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹†‡
‹’ƒ…– †‡ ƒ ˆ‹ Œ—•–‹ˆ‹…ƒ„‹Ž£Ǥ Ÿ† …‡Ž …ƒ”‡ ˆ‘”—Ž‡ƒœ£ ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ †‘”‡ç–‡ •£ ƒˆŽ‡ †ƒ…£ ‘
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡ ‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ£ ȋtratamentȌ ‡•–‡ Á–”Ǧƒ†‡˜£” …ƒ—œƒ …ƒ”‡ †‡–‡”‹£
ƒ’ƒ”‹ì‹ƒ——‹ƒ—‹–”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ǡƒ–—…‹ƒ…‡•–ƒ†‘”‡ç–‡…ƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ•£ƒ‹„£‘˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡
‹–‡”£ ’—–‡”‹…£ǣ ƒ†‹…£ dac X, atunci Y ȋ†ƒ…£ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž ‡•–‡ ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ–ǡ ƒ–—…‹
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ’ƒ”ȌǤ‹’£…ƒ–‡ǡ—‡•–‡•—ˆ‹…‹‡–†‘ƒ”•£†‘˜‡†‹ˆƒ’–—Ž…£ƒ–—…‹…Ÿ†
ƒ”‡ Ž‘… ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ ƒ’ƒ”‡ ç‹ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž ƒç–‡’–ƒ–Ǥ ” ’—–‡ƒ ‡š‹•–ƒ —Ž–‡ ƒŽ–‡ ‘–‹˜‡
†ƒ–‘”‹–£ …£”‘”ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž ƒ ˆ‘•– ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ †‘˜‡†‹ ‡š‹•–‡ìƒ —‡‹ ”‡Žƒì‹‹
…ƒ—œƒŽ‡ǡ–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡”‡œ‘Ž˜ƒ–‡•‹—Ž–ƒ†‘—£ƒˆ‹”ƒì‹‹ǣ

Dac X, atunci Y ç‹ dac nu X, atunci nu Y•ƒ—†ƒ…£‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ—ƒ”‡Ž‘…ǡ—ƒ—Ž‘…

‹…‹”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡Ǥ…‡•–Ž—…”—•—„Ž‹‹ƒœ£‡ˆ‹…‹‡ìƒ…ƒ—œƒŽ£ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ

‡–”— ƒ †‡–‡”‹ƒ ç‹ ƒ †‡‘•–”ƒ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ìƒ …ƒ—œƒŽ£ ƒ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ǡ  ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹

ʹ ‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ƒ” ˆ‹ ‡˜‘‹‡ †‡ …—‘ç–‹ì‡ †‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…£ǡ ƒ…‡•– ƒ—ƒŽ — ƒ…‘’‡”£ ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ‡š–‡”£
ȋ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”…£–”‡’‘’—Žƒì‹‡Ȍǡ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ƒ•–ƒ–‹•–‹…£ç‹•‹‰—”ƒìƒç‹˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ƒ£•—”£”‹‹ǡ
…Š‹ƒ”†ƒ…£ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ•—–‹’‘”–ƒ–‡’‡–”—–‘ƒ–‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡Ǥ

 36

Á…‡ƒ”…£ ’‡ …Ÿ– ’‘•‹„‹Ž •£ …”‡‡œ‡ •ƒ— •£ ‰£•‡ƒ•…£ †‘—£ ‰”—’—”‹ •‹‹Žƒ”‡ǡ •£ …”‡‡œ‡
•‹–—ƒì‹‹…‘’ƒ”ƒ„‹Ž‡ç‹•£‰‡•–‹‘‡œ‡’”‘‰”ƒ—ŽÁgrup de tratamentȋç‹•£˜ƒ†£†ƒ…£
ƒ’ƒ””‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡Ȍ—Ágrup de controlȋç‹•£˜ƒ†£†ƒ…£”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡—ƒ’ƒ”ȌǤ

B …ƒœ—”‹Ž‡ Á …ƒ”‡ ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ”‡ •ƒ”…‹ƒ †‡ ƒ ‰£•‹ ‘ ”‡Žƒì‹‡ …ƒ—œƒŽ£ Á–”‡
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ ç‹ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ‹–‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ •ƒ— ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ǡ ƒ”
’—–‡ƒˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡–”‡‹ƒ„‘”†£”‹’‡–”—ƒ”£•’—†‡ŽƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǣ‘†‡Ž—Ž
‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽǡ…˜ƒ•‹Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽç‹‘Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽǤ…‡•–‡‘†‡Ž‡‹…Ž—††‹ˆ‡”‹–‡
…‘„‹ƒì‹‹ ç‹ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ’‡”‹‘ƒ†‡ †‡ –‹’ ’‡–”— †‘—£ –‹’—”‹ †‡ …‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‹ǣ ’”‡Ǧ–‡•– Ȃ
’‘•–Ǧ–‡•– (comparaii în serie temporal) ç‹ ‰”—’—”‹ †‡ …‘–”‘Ž ˜•Ǥ –”ƒ–ƒ‡–
(comparaii transversale). ‘†‡Ž‡†‹ˆ‡”£Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£’‡–”—
ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ƒ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘””‡•’‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ

Modelele experimentale •—– ’”‹‡Ž‡ ‘†‡Ž‡ ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ–‡ Á …‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ƒ •‘…‹ƒŽ£ ç‹
‡†—…ƒì‹‘ƒŽ£ ç‹ •—– Á…£ ”‡…—‘•…—–‡ †”‡’– Ƿ•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡Ž‡ †‡ ƒ—”dz ƒŽ‡ ‘†‡Ž‡Ž‘” †‡
…‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ǡÁ„ƒœƒ…£”‘”ƒ•—–Œ—†‡…ƒ–‡–‘ƒ–‡…‡Ž‡ŽƒŽ–‡‘†‡Ž‡Ǥƒ…£‡•–‡’‘•‹„‹Ž…ƒ—
‘†‡Ž ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ •£ ˆ‹‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ– Á ‘† ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–ǡ ƒ–—…‹ ƒ…‡•–ƒ ‡•–‡ …‡Ž ƒ‹
•‘Ž‹† ‘†‡Ž Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ‹–‡”£Ǥ •–ƒ Á•‡ƒ£ …£ǡ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡
’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ‘†‡Ž‡Ž‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡ǡ ‡•–‹£”‹Ž‡ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ ƒ•—’”ƒ
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”ƒç–‡’–ƒ–‡˜‘”ˆ‹ǡÁ…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡…—ƒŽ–‡‘†‡Ž‡ǡƒ‹’—싐†‹•–‘”•‹‘ƒ–‡Ǥ

B…ƒ†”—Ž…‡Ž—‹ƒ‹•‹’Ž—–‹’†‡‡š’‡”‹‡–ǡ…‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹…”‡‡ƒœ£†‘—£‰”—’—”‹…ƒ”‡
•—– Ƿ‡…Š‹˜ƒŽ‡–‡dz ——Ž ƒŽ–—‹ƒǤ
”—’—Ž †‡ –”ƒ–ƒ‡– (program) „‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒœ£ †‡
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡ ‹ƒ” ‰”—’—Ž †‡ …‘–”‘Ž (comparaie) — „‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒœ£Ǥ ‡–”— –‘ƒ–‡ …‡Ž‡ŽƒŽ–‡
ƒ•’‡…–‡ǡ‰”—’—”‹Ž‡•—––”ƒ–ƒ–‡Žƒˆ‡ŽǤ—’‡”•‘ƒ‡•‹‹Žƒ”‡ǡ…‘†‹ì‹‹†‡–”ƒ‹ç‹‡†‹‹†‡
’”‘˜‡‹‡ì£ ƒ•‡££–‘ƒ”‡Ǥ …—ǡ †ƒ…£ ‘„•‡”˜£ †‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡Ž‡ †‹–”‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡
ƒ…‡•–‘”†‘—£‰”—’—”‹ǡƒ…‡•–‡†‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡…ƒ—œƒ–‡†‡•‹‰—”—ŽŽ—…”—…ƒ”‡Ž‡
†‹ˆ‡”‡ì‹ƒœ£Ȃ狃—‡…£——Žƒ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ–†‡’”‘‰”ƒç‹ƒŽ–—Ž—Ǥ

 –”£•£–—”£ ‡•‡ì‹ƒŽ£ ’‡–”— ‘†‡Ž—Ž ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ ‡•–‡ atribuirea aleatoare ƒ
—‹–£ì‹Ž‘”ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹Á•–—†‹—Ž†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘”‰”—’—”‹Ǥ‹–£ì‹Ž‡†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£’‘–ˆ‹‹†‹˜‹œ‹•ƒ—
‰”—’—”‹†‡‹†‹˜‹œ‹‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ„‹Ž‡ǡ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ǡ’”‡…—煑Ž‹ǡ‘”ƒç‡‡–…Ǥ ‹‡…ƒ”‡‹†‹˜‹†•ƒ—
‰”—’ ‡•–‡ Á ‘† ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹— ƒ–”‹„—‹– ——‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ •ƒ— –”ƒ–ƒ‡– †‹ˆ‡”‹–Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ
•‡Ž‡…–ƒ — –”ƒ–ƒ‡– Žƒ Á–Ÿ’Žƒ”‡ ’‡–”— ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ —‹–ƒ–‡ ’—–‡ì‹ †ƒ …— „ƒ—Žǡ …—
œƒ”—”‹Ž‡ǡ•ƒ—’—–‡ì‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹—…‘’—–‡”…ƒ”‡‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£—‡”‡ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹‹Ǥ‡•’—‡…£‘
ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž †‡ ƒ–”‹„—‹”‡ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ ‘ƒ”„£ǡ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ƒ — ‡•–‡ ˆ£…—–£ ‹…‹ †‡
ƒƒ‰‡”—Ž†‡’”‘‰”ƒǡ‹…‹†‡…Ž‹‡–—Žƒˆ‡…–ƒ–ǡ‹…‹…Š‹ƒ”†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”Ǥ

‡Á–Ÿ’Ž£ˆ‘ƒ”–‡”ƒ”…ƒ‰”—’—Ž†‡…‘–”‘Ž•£—„‡‡ˆ‹…‹‡œ‡†‡‹…‹—–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ǤB
‡š’‡”‹‡–‡Ž‡ ‡†‹…ƒŽ‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ ‰”—’—”‹ ’”‹‡•… ƒçƒ —‹–—Ž placebo, Á –‹’ …‡
‰”—’—”‹Ž‡ †‡ –”ƒ–ƒ‡– Á…‡ƒ”…£ ‘‹ ‡†‹…ƒ‡–‡Ǥ B …ƒ†”—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ——‹
’”‘‰”ƒȀ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹ǡ …‡Ž‡ ƒ‹ ‘„‹ç—‹–‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ’”‘‹‡…–ƒ–‡ †”‡’– ƒ–”‹„—‹”‹
ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹‹ ’‡–”— ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž •ƒ— –”ƒ–ƒ‡–—Ž  ˜•Ǥ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž •ƒ— –”ƒ–ƒ‡–—Ž Ǥ 
’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ‘—Ž ’”‘‰”ƒǡ Á –‹’ …‡  ‡•–‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž …—”‡–Ǥ †‡•‡ƒǡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–‡Ž‡
ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ƒœ£‹’ƒ…–—Ž”‡Žƒ–‹˜ƒŽƒ‹—Ž–‘”ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ȋ˜‡œ‹exemplul 9ȌǤ

•–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– •£ •‡ ˆƒ…£ †‹ˆ‡”‡ìƒ Á–”‡ selecie aleatoare ç‹ atribuire aleatoareǤ
‡Ž‡…싃 ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡ ƒ ‹†‹˜‹œ‹Ž‘” †‹ ‰”—’—Ž 싐–£ ƒ‹ ˜ƒ•– ƒŽ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ ’‡–”—
‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž •–—†‹—Ž—‹ ˆ‹ƒŽ nu †‡–‡”‹£ …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”—Ž ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹— ƒŽ ‡š’‡”‹‡–—Ž—‹Ǥ
 37

–‡•‹ˆ‹…£˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‡š–‡”£ ͵ǡ†ƒ”—ƒ”‡—‹’ƒ…–†‹”‡…–ƒ•—’”ƒ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–£ì‹‹‹–‡”‡
ȋ”‡Žƒì‹‡ …ƒ—œƒŽ£ȌǤ 烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‡ — ‡•–‡ ‡…‡•ƒ”£ ’‡–”— ‡š’‡”‹‡–Ǥ
‹’‘–”‹˜£ǡ …‡‡ƒ …‡ †‡ˆ‹‡ç–‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–—Ž ‡•–‡ ƒ‹ †‡‰”ƒ„£ ƒ–”‹„—‹”‡ƒ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡ ƒ
ˆ‹‡…£”—‹‡Ž‡‡–†‹‡çƒ–‹‘ǡ…ƒ”‡’‘ƒ–‡•ƒ——•£ˆ‹ˆ‘•–•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–ŽƒÁ–Ÿ’Žƒ”‡ǡ—‡‹
ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–Ǥ

”‹…‹’ƒŽƒ †‹ˆ‹…—Ž–ƒ–‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ’ƒ”‡ ’‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ——‹ ‡š’‡”‹‡– ‡•–‡ Ž‹’•ƒ
’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹Ž‘”Ǥ…‡•–Ž—…”—•‡’‘ƒ–‡Á–Ÿ’Žƒ†‹…ƒ—œƒ‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹•ƒ—†‡…‡•—Ž—‹Ǥƒ—ǡ
…Ÿ–‡‘†ƒ–£ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹‹ ’‘– Ž‹’•‹ ’‡–”— …£ ‡‹ …‘•‹†‡”£ …£ •‡Ž‡…싃 ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‘” …ƒ”‡
„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒœ£†‡’”‘‰”ƒȋ‰”—’—Ž†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–Ȍ—‡•–‡…‘”‡…–£ǡ‡‹‡”‹–Ÿ†•£‹–”‡Á
ƒ…‡•–’”‘‰”ƒŽƒˆ‡Ž†‡—Ž–…ƒç‹…‡‹ŽƒŽì‹‡–…Ǥ

‘†‡Ž—Ž ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ ‡•–‡ †‹ˆ‹…‹Ž †‡ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ– Á ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ …‘–‡š–‡Ž‘” †‹ ˜‹ƒìƒ
”‡ƒŽ£Ǥ•–‡‹–”—œ‹˜ç‹…”‡‡ƒœ£Á–”Ǧ‘ƒ—‹–££•—”£‘•‹–—ƒì‹‡ƒ”–‹ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ£…—•…‘’—Ž†‡
ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ ”‡Žƒì‹ƒ …ƒ—œƒŽ£ …— ‘ ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ ‹–‡”£ ”‹†‹…ƒ–£Ǥ ”‹ —”ƒ”‡ǡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” Á ˜‹ƒìƒ ”‡ƒŽ£ ‡•–‡ Ž‹‹–ƒ–£Ǥ — ƒŽ–‡ …—˜‹–‡ǡ …‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž ƒ ”‡†—•
˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‡š–‡”£…—•…‘’—Ž†‡ƒ‘„싐‡‘˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡‹–‡”£ƒ‹”‹†‹…ƒ–£Ǥ

—‡š‹•–£—”£•’—•ŽƒÁ–”‡„ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ…£‘†‡Ž—Ž‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡•–‡‘ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡„—£
•ƒ— ƒ‹ ’—싐 „—£Ǥ ƒ…£ •‹–—ƒì‹ƒ ‡•–‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ǡ — ‡š’‡”‹‡– ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ — ‘†‡Ž
ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ •‘Ž‹† †‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–Ǥ ‘†‡Ž—Ž ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ ‡•–‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ †‡• Á–ŸŽ‹– Á …‡”…‡–£”‹Ž‡
‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡Á†‹˜‡”•‡†‘‡‹‹•‘…‹ƒŽ‡ǣ•££–ƒ–‡ǡ‡†—…ƒì‹‡ǡ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹†‡ƒ•‹•–‡ì£•‘…‹ƒŽ£Ǥ



͵ ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‡š–‡”£‹’Ž‹…£‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”…£–”‡’‘’—Žƒì‹‡Ǥ‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡ†ƒ…£‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž
•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡•–‡ˆ‘”ƒ–†‘ƒ”†‹„£”„ƒì‹Á˜Ÿ”•–£†‡—…£…—˜Ÿ”•–‡…—’”‹•‡Á–”‡ʹͷç‹͵ͷ†‡ƒ‹ǡ‹ƒ”
’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ•–—†‹—Ž—‹‡•–‡ˆ‘”ƒ–£†‹„£”„ƒì‹ç‹ˆ‡‡‹Á˜Ÿ”•–£†‡—…£ǡƒ–—…‹”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡˜‘”ˆ‹†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž
†‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ–ŽƒÁ–”‡ƒ‰ƒ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡싐–£Ǥ

 38


EXEMPLUL 9. ”‘‰”ƒ—ŽŽ‹”ƒ†‡˜‹œ‹–‡Žƒ†‘‹…‹Ž‹—‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡†‡…£–”‡ƒ•‹•–‡–‡
‡†‹…ƒŽ‡ǡͳͻ͹͹Ȃͳͻͻʹǡ

În 1977, programul a fost implementat având drept grup int femeile însrcinate care
erau la primul copil i care îndeplineau una sau mai multe dintre trsturile
urmtoare: vârsta sub 19 ani, familie monoparental sau nivel crescut de srcie.
Existau multe anse ca aceste condiii s genereze o posibilitate mai crescut ca mama
s fie fumtoare, dependent de droguri sau alcool, sau s aib un istoric familial
nefericit i prin urmare, s nu aib nivelul adecvat de cunotine i abiliti pentru a-i
îngriji copilul.

În total, un numr de 400 de femei au fost atribuite unuia dintre cele patru grupuri.
x În grupul 1, 94 de femei au beneficiat de servicii de screening pentru copii lor
cu vârste cuprinse între 1 - 2 ani pentru a vedea dac respectivii copii se
confrunt cu probleme de dezvoltare.
x În grupul 2, 90 de femei au beneficiat de servicii de screening plus transport
gratuit la programrile pe care le aveau la doctor pentru copiii cu vârste pân
în 2 ani.
x În grupul 3, 100 de femei au beneficiat de servicii de screening, transport i
vizite regulate la domiciliu efectuate de asistente medicale, pe durata sarcinii.
x În grupul 4, 116 de femei au beneficiat de servicii de screening, transport i
vizite la domiciliu atât înainte de natere cât i dup, pe durata primilor 2 ani
de via ai copiilor.
Primele dou grupuri au fost „grupuri de control”, iar grupurile 3 i 4 au fost „grupuri
de tratament”.

Procedura de randomizare a fost desfurat în mai multe etape. Pentru început,

femeile care intrau în general în grupul „de risc”, au fost invitate s participe la studiu.
Intre 1978 i 1980, 500 de femei au fost intervievate i 400 dintre ele au fost de acord
s participe la studiu. Fiecare participant a fost atribuit unuia dintre cele patru
grupuri folosindu-se un pachet de cri – la sfâritul interviului iniial, fiecare femeie a
tras o carte din pachet, care coninea cri amestecate la întâmplare, având numerele
de la 1-4 pe fiecare carte. Pachetul a fost în mod periodic re-echilibrat (fiecare
participant având mereu aceeai probabilitate de a intra în oricare dintre cele patru
grupuri).

Comparaiile între grupurile de control i cele de tratament aveau trsturi de context

similare. În modelul de cercetare, existau multe variabile diferite care msurau efectele
tratamentelor asupra copiilor i mamelor. Comparaia grupurilor de tratament i de
control demonstreaz un nivel semnificativ de beneficii ctre acele participante care
au fost influenate de rezultatele aciunii acestui program.


Modelul cvasi-experimental (QE) •‡ ’”‡œ‹–£ …ƒ — ‘†‡Ž ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽǡ †ƒ” Á‹
Ž‹’•‡ç–‡ ‹‰”‡†‹‡–—Ž …Š‡‹‡ Ȃ ƒ–”‹„—‹”‡ƒ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡Ǥ …‡•–‡ ‘†‡Ž‡ — ’”‡œ‹–£ ‘
˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ ‹–‡”£ •‘Ž‹†£ …ƒ ‡š’‡”‹‡–‡Ž‡ ”ƒ†‘‹œƒ–‡ǡ †ƒ” •—– ƒ‹ —ç‘” †‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–Ǥ

 39

ƒ ˆ‡Ž …ƒ ‘†‡Ž—Ž ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽǡ ‘†‡Ž—Ž …˜ƒ•‹Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ ’‘ƒ–‡ …‘ì‹‡ •–—†‹‹ Á
•‡”‹‡–‡’‘”ƒŽ£ȋŽ‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ‡Ȍç‹–”ƒ•˜‡”•ƒŽ‡Á†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡˜ƒ”‹ƒì‹‹Ǥ–”£•£–—”£—‹…£ƒ
‡•–‡ˆƒ’–—Ž…£…‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž•‡Ž‡…–‡ƒœ£‰”—’—”‹Ž‡†‡…‘’ƒ”ƒ–ǡƒ•–ˆ‡ŽÁ…Ÿ–ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ•£
ˆ‹‡’‡…Ÿ–’‘•‹„‹Ž•‹‹Žƒ”‡Á–‘ƒ–‡’”‹˜‹ì‡Ž‡ǡ…—‡š…‡’싃ˆƒ’–—Ž—‹…£—‰”—’‹–”£Á
’”‘‰”ƒ ç‹ …‡Ž£ŽƒŽ– —ǡ •ƒ— ‹–”£ Á ƒŽ– ’”‘‰”ƒǤ …‡•– Ž—…”— Á•‡ƒ£ …£  ˆƒ…‡
…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡ Á–”‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ Á †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ …ƒ”‡ nu ƒ— ˆ‘•– ƒ–”‹„—‹–‡ †‡ …‡”…‡–£–‘”Ǥ
Ž–ˆ‡Ž•’—•ǡƒ…‡Ž‡‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–ƒ–”‹„—‹–‡•ƒ—ƒŽ‡•‡Á‘†’‘Ž‹–‹…
•ƒ—ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜†‡—’”‘…‡•Á…ƒ”‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž‡•–‡—‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”’ƒ•‹˜ǤB…ƒ†”—Ž
ǡƒ†‡•‡ƒ†‘ƒ”—•—„Ǧ•‡–†‡—‹–£ì‹”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹•—–•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡’‡–”—•–—†‹—Ǥ

š‹•–£ 烒–‡ ‘†‡Ž‡ …˜ƒ•‹Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ…‘’‡”£ ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ •…‡ƒ”‹‹Ž‘” †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ —‡‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ǥ …‡Ž‡ƒç‹ ‘†‡Ž‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ǡ †‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ ç‹ Á
‡š’‡”‹‡–‡Ǥ  •…—”–£ †‡•…”‹‡”‡ ƒ ƒ˜ƒ–ƒŒ‡Ž‘” ç‹ †‡œƒ˜ƒ–ƒŒ‡Ž‘” ‡•–‡ ˆ—”‹œƒ–£ Á
Tabelul 5.

Model 1: Model longitudinal cu observaii preliminare, intermediare, post i ex-post
asupra grupurilor de tratament i de control

…‡•– ‘†‡Ž ‡•–‡ …‡Ž ƒ‹ ƒ’”‘’‹ƒ– †‡ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‹˜‹† ‘†‡Ž—Ž ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ
Ƿ疋‹ì‹ˆ‹…dzǤ ‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ç‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ Á…‡’ Áƒ‹–‡ †‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ǡ Á–”Ǧ‘ ’‡”‹‘ƒ†£ ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”£ǡ †—’£ …‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ Á…‡’—– ç‹ Žƒ ‘
ƒ—‹–£’‡”‹‘ƒ†£†—’£‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡Ǥ

Model 2: Grupurile de tratament i de control pre-testare – post-testare

‘†‡Ž—Ž‡•–‡•‹‹Žƒ”…‡Ž—‹ƒ–‡”‹‘”ǡ†ƒ”‡•–‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–ƒ‹†‡•ǡ†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ƒ…‘’‡”£‘
’‡”‹‘ƒ†£ƒ‹•…—”–£†‡–‹’狇•–‡ƒ‹’—싐…‘•–‹•‹–‘”†‡…Ÿ–‘†‡Ž—Žͳȋ†‡ç‹‡•–‡ƒ‹
…‘•–‹•‹–‘” †‡…Ÿ– ‘†‡Ž‡Ž‡ ƒ‹ ’—싐 •‘Ž‹†‡ȌǤ …‡•– ‘†‡Ž ‡•–‡ ‘ ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ „—£ ƒ–—…‹
…Ÿ† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‡…‡•‹–£ ‘ ‹ƒ‰‹‡ ‡š’Ž‹…ƒ–‹˜£ …—’”‹œ£–‘ƒ”‡ ƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ç‹ƒƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹…‘–‡š–—ƒŽ‡’‡–”—ƒƒƒŽ‹œƒ‹ˆŽ—‡ìƒ†‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹Ž‘”
ˆƒ…–‘”‹ •‘…‹‘Ǧ‡…‘‘‹…‹ ƒ•—’”ƒ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ǡ ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ Á…‡’‡ Áƒ‹–‡ †‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ç‹ƒ”‡—„—‰‡–ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–Ǥ

Model 3: Model longitudinal trunchiat privind grupurile de tratament i de comparaie
pre-testare – post-testare

‘†‡Ž—Ž ‡•–‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹– ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† ‡•–‡ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž — „—‰‡– ƒ†‡…˜ƒ– †ƒ” ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ —
Á…‡’‡ ’Ÿ£ …Ÿ† ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž — ƒ ˆ‘•– †‡Œƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ– †‡ ‘ ’‡”‹‘ƒ†£ †‡ –‹’ǡ †ƒ”
–‘–—狏ƒ‹”£Ÿ…‡Ž’—싐ͳͺŽ—‹’Ÿ£ŽƒÁ…Š‡‹‡”‡ƒƒ…‡•–—‹ƒǤ
”—’—Ž†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ç‹
†‡…‘–”‘Ž•—–…‘’ƒ”ƒ–‡Á’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”£ç‹Žƒ•ˆŸ”ç‹–—Ž’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ

Model 4: Grupul de tratament pre-testare combinat cu analiza post-test i grupurile de
control.

‘†‡Ž—Ž‡•–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–…Ÿ†—‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡‹Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ƒ…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–ƒ–‡”‹‘”†ƒ–‡Ž‡
†‡„ƒœ£Ǥƒ–‡Ž‡†‡„ƒœ£—•—–…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡†‹‰”—’—Ž—‹†‡…‘–”‘Ž’‡–”——”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡
‘–‹˜‡ǣ ’‡–”— ƒ ‡…‘‘‹•‹ „ƒ‹ǡ †‹ˆ‹…—Ž–£ì‹ –‡Š‹…‡ǡ •ƒ— †ƒ…£ ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž ‘
’”‹˜‡ç–‡†”‡’–‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡‹—–‹Ž£ǡ…‘•‹†‡”Ÿ†…£•ƒ”…‹ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹‡•–‡†‡ƒ…‘’ƒ”ƒ
‰”—’—Ž †‡ –”ƒ–ƒ‡– Áƒ‹–‡ ç‹ †—’£ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ ’‡
’ƒ”…—”•—Ž‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ƒ’ƒ”‡‡…‡•‹–ƒ–‡ƒ—‡‹‡š–‹†‡”‹ǡ苐‡˜‘‹ƒ——‹
 40

‰”—’†‡…‘–”‘Ž‡•–‡Áì‡Ž‡ƒ•£Ǥ•–ˆ‡Žǡ•‡‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡ƒœ£‘ƒ…Š‡–£†‡„ƒœ£†‘ƒ”’‡–”—
‰”—’—Ž †‡ –”ƒ–ƒ‡–ǡ †ƒ” Á —”ƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ ƒ„‡Ž‡ ‰”—’—”‹ Ȃ †‡
–”ƒ–ƒ‡–狆‡…‘–”‘ŽȂ•—–…‘’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ǥ

Model 5: Comparaie post-testare a grupurilor de tratament i control

…‡•– ‘†‡Ž ‡•–‡ —–‹Ž‹œƒ– …Ÿ† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ — Á…‡’‡ Áƒ‹–‡ …ƒ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž •£ ˆ‹‡ †‡Œƒ
†‡”—Žƒ– †‡ ‘ ƒ—‹–£ ’‡”‹‘ƒ†£ †‡ –‹’ •ƒ— •£ ˆ‹‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–Ǥ B …‹—†ƒ Á…‡’‡”‹‹ …—
Á–Ÿ”œ‹‡”‡ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ —–‹Ž‹œ‡ƒœ£ ƒ…‡•– ‘†‡Ž ƒ†‡•‡ƒ ƒ— — „—‰‡– ƒ†‡…˜ƒ– ç‹ ’‘–
‰‡•–‹‘ƒ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡ ˜ƒ•–‡ ƒŽ‡ ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘” †‡ –”ƒ–ƒ‡– ç‹ …‘–”‘ŽǤ B ƒŽ–‡ …ƒœ—”‹ǡ
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‡•–‡ „ƒœƒ–£ ’‡ †ƒ–‡ •‡…—†ƒ”‡ ‘„싐—–‡ †‹ ƒŽ–‡ ƒ…Š‡–‡Ǥ …‡•– ‘†‡Ž •‡
„ƒœ‡ƒœ£’‡…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹ƒ†‡Žƒ•ˆŸ”ç‹–—Ž’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Á–”‡‰”—’—”‹Ž‡†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ç‹…‡Ž‡
…‘–”‘Žˆ£”£•£ˆ‹‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡†ƒ–‡†‡„ƒœ£…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ‹…‹——Ž†‹–”‡ƒ…‡•–‡‰”—’—”‹Ǥ
‘†‡Ž—Ž ˆ—…ì‹‘‡ƒœ£ ƒ‹ „‹‡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž …‘—‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ‹œ‘Žƒ–‡ǡ ƒ…‘Ž‘ —†‡ ’”‘‹‡…–—Ž
‡•–‡•‹‰—”ƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡Ǥ

Model 6: Grupul de tratament pre-testare – post-testare

…‡•–‘†‡Ž‡•–‡—–‹Ž‹œƒ–Á…‘†‹ì‹‹•‹‹Žƒ”‡…ƒ‘†‡Ž—ŽͶǤ˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒÁ…‡’‡Á‡–ƒ’ƒ
‹‹ì‹ƒŽ£ ƒ ’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹ǡ †ƒ” †‹ ‘—ǡ †‹ †‹˜‡”•‡ ‘–‹˜‡ǡ †ƒ–‡Ž‡ †‡ „ƒœ£ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ Žƒ •ˆŸ”ç‹–—Ž ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ •—– †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–‡ †‘ƒ” ’‡–”— ‰”—’—Ž †‡
–”ƒ–ƒ‡–Ǥ‹ˆ‡”‡ìƒÁ–”‡ƒ…‡•–‘†‡Žç‹‘†‡Ž—ŽͶ‡•–‡…£Á…ƒœ—Žƒ…‡•–ƒǡ‰”—’—Ž†‡
…‘–”‘Ž — ƒ’ƒ”‡ †‡Ž‘…Ǥ …‡•– ‘†‡Ž ‡•–‡ †‡•–—Ž †‡ „— ’‡–”— ’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‡ …ƒ”‡
—–‹Ž‹œ‡ƒœ£ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹ –‹’ Ƿ„—‡ ’”ƒ…–‹…‹dz …ƒ”‡ •Ǧƒ— †‘˜‡†‹– ‡ˆ‹…‹‡–‡ Á …‘†‹ì‹‹
•‹‹Žƒ”‡Ǥ ‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡– †ƒ…£ •…‘’—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ‡•–‡ Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ
’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ǡ‹ƒ”‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜£ƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹—
‡•–‡ƒ–Ÿ–†‡‹’‘”–ƒ–£ȋ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ȌǤ

Model 7: Grupul de tratament post-testare

B ƒ…‡•– ‘†‡Žǡ †‘ƒ” ‰”—’—Ž †‡ –”ƒ–ƒ‡– ƒŽ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ ‡•–‡ •–—†‹ƒ– ç‹ ƒ…Š‡–ƒ •‡
†‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£†‘ƒ”†—’£…‡’”‘‰”ƒ—Žƒˆ‘•–‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–Ǥƒ–‡Ž‡’‘–ˆ‹…—Ž‡•‡Á—”ƒ
——‹•–—†‹—†‡‡çƒ–‹‘•‹’Ž—ǡ”ƒ’‹†Ǣ†‹ˆ‘…—•‰”—’—”‹Ǣ†‹•—”•‡•‡…—†ƒ”‡•ƒ—’”‹
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‘”‹…Š‡‹‡‡–…Ǥ…‡•–ƒ‡•–‡–‡Š‹……‡Žƒ‹•Žƒ„‘†‡Ž†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡—…‘–”‘Ž‡ƒœ£
ƒ‡‹ì£”‹Ž‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–£ì‹‹ǡ ’”‹ —”ƒ”‡ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡ –”‡„—‹‡ Ž—ƒ–‡ Á
…‘•‹†‡”ƒì‹‡ …— ƒ”‡ ƒ–‡ì‹‡Ǥ „•‡ìƒ —‡‹ ’”‡Ǧ–‡•–£”‹ ˆƒ…‡ †‹ˆ‹…‹Ž£ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ”‡ƒ —‡‹
•…Š‹„£”‹…ƒ”‡’‘ƒ–‡ƒ’£”‡ƒǡ‹ƒ”ƒ„•‡ìƒ‰”—’—Ž—‹†‡…‘–”‘Ž‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£†‹ˆ‹…—Ž–ƒ–‡Áƒ
疋…‡•Ǧƒ”Á–Ÿ’Žƒˆ£”£–”ƒ–ƒ‡–—Ž’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ…‹—†ƒƒ…‡•–‘”Ž‹‹–£”‹ƒ…‡•–ƒ‡•–‡
—‘†‡Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ˆ‘ƒ”–‡’‘’—Žƒ”ǡƒ‹ƒŽ‡•’‡–”—’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‡ƒ‹‹…‹…——„—‰‡–
†‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ‹ ”‡†—•Ǥ …‡•– ‘†‡Ž ‡•–‡ —–‹Ž‹œƒ– …Ÿ† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž ƒ”‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ’—싐
–‹’Žƒ†‹•’‘œ‹ì‹‡ç‹—„—‰‡–ˆ‘ƒ”–‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–ǤŸ†•‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‡ç–‡ƒ…‡•–‘†‡Žǡ‡•–‡ˆ‘ƒ”–‡
‹’‘”–ƒ– •£ •‡ …—‘ƒ•…£ ‡˜‘‹Ž‡ †‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ ƒŽ‡ …Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ ç‹ ‘†—Ž Á …ƒ”‡
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹˜‘”ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Ǥ



Tabelul 5.Punctele forte i punctele slabe ale celor apte modele principale de
evaluare
Model
ͳǤ‘†‡ŽŽ‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ…—
‘„•‡”˜ƒì‹‹’”‡Ž‹‹ƒ”‡ǡ
‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”‡ǡ’‘•–狇šǦ’‘•–
ƒ•—’”ƒ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘”†‡
–”ƒ–ƒ‡–狆‡…‘–”‘Ž
ʹǤ
”—’—”‹Ž‡†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ç‹ ‘†‡Ž—Ž…ƒ”‡ƒ”‡…‡Žƒ‹
†‡…‘–”‘Ž’”‡Ǧ–‡•–ƒ”‡Ȃ
’‘•–Ǧ–‡•–ƒ”‡
͵Ǥ‘†‡ŽŽ‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ
–”—…Š‹ƒ–’”‹˜‹†‰”—’—”‹Ž‡
†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–狆‡
…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡’”‡Ǧ–‡•–ƒ”‡Ȃ
’‘•–Ǧ–‡•–ƒ”‡
ͶǤ
”—’—Ž†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–’”‡Ǧ ˜ƒŽ—‡ƒœ£†ƒ…£’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž
–‡•–ƒ”‡…‘„‹ƒ–…—ƒƒŽ‹œƒ
’‘•–Ǧ–‡•–ƒ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘”†‡
–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ç‹…‘–”‘Ž
41
Avantaje Dezavantaje
‡Žƒ‹•‘Ž‹†‘†‡Žǡ…ƒ”‡ ‡Žƒ‹…‘•–‹•‹–‘”ǡ…‡Ž…ƒ”‡
•–—†‹ƒœ£ç‹’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡ …‘•—£…‡Žƒ‹—Ž––‹’
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ç‹ ç‹…‡Žƒ‹†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡
†—”ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒǤ‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–Ǥ
‡…‡•ƒ”’‡–”—…‡”…‡–ƒ”‡Á
–‡•–ƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹‹‘˜ƒì‹‹Á
…ƒ†”—Ž——‹’”‘‰”ƒç‹†ƒ…£
‹’ƒ…–—Ž•‡’‘ƒ–‡†‘˜‡†‹ǡ˜ƒ
ˆ‹‡š–‹•Žƒ‘•…ƒ”£—Ž–ƒ‹
Žƒ”‰£ȋ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹ȌǤ
”‡•—’—‡…£‰”—’—Ž†‡
•‘Ž‹†•…‘’‰‡‡”ƒŽǤ—— …‘–”‘Ž‡•–‡Áƒ”‡•‹‹Žƒ”
‰”—’†‡…‘–”‘Ž„‹‡ ‰”—’—Ž—‹†‡’”‘‹‡…–ç‹
•‡Ž‡…ì‹‘ƒ–ˆ—”‹œ‡ƒœ£ †‘”‡ç–‡•£’ƒ”–‹…‹’‡Žƒ†‘—£
‡•–‹£”‹ˆ‘ƒ”–‡„—‡ƒŽ‡ •–—†‹‹…Š‹ƒ”†ƒ…£—’”‹‡•…
‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘”’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ ‹…‹—„‡‡ˆ‹…‹—Ǥ
—ƒ……‡•‡ƒœ£
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹Ǥ
‡•’‡…–£’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡ —Á…‡’‡’Ÿ£ÁŒ—”—Ž
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ç‹ ’‡”‹‘ƒ†‡‹‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”‡ƒ
‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‡ƒ…‡•–—‹ƒǤ ’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹ǡƒ•–ˆ‡ŽÁ…Ÿ–—
•—–ƒ…‘’‡”‹–‡†‡ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒç‹
‘†‡Ž•‘Ž‹†ǡÁ•’‡…‹ƒŽ
’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒ‹‹ì‹ƒŽ£†‡
’‡–”—’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡Á…ƒ”‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹Ǥ
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ†‡ƒ”‡ƒœ£
Á…‡–ƒ•–ˆ‡ŽÁ…Ÿ–•£—•‡
’‹ƒ”†£’”‡ƒ—Ž–’”‹
Á…‡’‡”‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ƒ‹
–Ÿ”œ‹—Ǥ
—ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ƒœ£†ƒ…£
‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ †‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡Ž‡‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‡Žƒ
ƒ…ì‹—‹‹†‘”‹–‡Ǥ •ˆŸ”ç‹–—Ž’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ǡÁ–”‡
ƒ„‡Ž‡‰”—’—”‹ǡ•—–
˜ƒŽ—‡ƒœ£•‹‹Žƒ”‹–£ì‹ç‹
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Á
†‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡Á–”‡†‘‡‹‹Ž‡†‡
•‹‡•ƒ—•—–‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†‡
–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ç‹…‘–”‘ŽǤ
†‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡’”‡‡š‹•–‡–‡Á–”‡
˜ƒŽ—‡ƒœ££•—”ƒÁ…ƒ”‡ ‰”—’—”‹Ž‡”‡•’‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ
’”‘‰”ƒ—Žƒ”’—–‡ƒˆ‹
—ƒ”‡…ƒ’ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒ
”‡’”‘†—•Ǥ
‰‡•–‹‘ƒ…‘–‡š–—ŽŽ‘…ƒŽ…‡
ƒ”’—–‡ƒƒˆ‡…–ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡Ǥ
 42

ͷǤ ‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡ ’‘•–Ǧ–‡•–ƒ”‡ ƒ ˜ƒŽ—‡ƒœ£’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡…ƒ”‡
‰”—’—”‹Ž‘” †‡ –”ƒ–ƒ‡– ç‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–‡ƒœ£‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹
…‘–”‘Ž ˆ‘ƒ”–‡„‹‡–‡•–ƒ–‡•ƒ—…ƒ”‡
‘’‡”‡ƒœ£Á†‘‡‹‹‹œ‘Žƒ–‡
—†‡—‡š‹•–£‹…‹‘
‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ì£ƒƒŽ–‘”
‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‹‡š–‡”‡Ǥ
͸Ǥ
”—’—Ž †‡ –”ƒ–ƒ‡– ’”‡Ǧ ˆ‡”£‘‡•–‹ƒ”‡
–‡•–ƒ”‡Ȃ’‘•–Ǧ–‡•–ƒ”‡ ƒ’”‘š‹ƒ–‹˜£ƒ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘”
’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹ǡÁ•’‡…‹ƒŽÁ
…ƒ†”—Ž…‘—‹–£ì‹Ž‘”‹…‹
•ƒ—‹œ‘Žƒ–‡Ǥ
͹Ǥ
”—’—Ž†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–’‘•–Ǧ –‹Ž†‹’—…–—Ž†‡˜‡†‡”‡ƒŽ
–‡•–ƒ”‡ •–—†‹‹Ž‘”†‡†‘…—‡–ƒ”‡
’‡–”—ƒƒ˜‡ƒ‘‹ƒ‰‹‡†‡
ƒ•ƒ„Ž—ƒ•—’”ƒ‹˜‡Ž—Ž—‹
†‡‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì£ƒŽ‘†‡Ž‡Ž‘”†‡
’”‘‹‡…–Ǥ
—”‹œ‡ƒœ£‘‡•–‹ƒ”‡
‹‹ì‹ƒŽ£ǡƒ’”‘š‹ƒ–‹˜£ƒ
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡÁ•’‡…‹ƒŽ
’‡–”—’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‡‹…‹•ƒ—
‹œ‘Žƒ–‡Ǥ
—‡•–‹‡ƒœ£†‹‡•‹—‡ƒ
‡šƒ…–£ƒ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘”
’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹Ǥ
—ƒ”‡…ƒ’ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒ
‰‡•–‹‘ƒ…‘–‡š–—ŽŽ‘…ƒŽǤ
—‡˜ƒŽ—‡ƒœ£’‘–‡ì‹ƒŽ—Ž†‡
”‡’”‘†—…‡”‡Žƒ‘•…ƒ”£
Žƒ”‰£Ǥ
—•–—†‹ƒœ£’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒŽ
’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹Ǥ
—‡•–‹‡ƒœ£†‹‡•‹—‡ƒ
‡šƒ…–£ƒ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘”
’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹Ǥ
—ƒ”‡…ƒ’ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒ
‰‡•–‹‘ƒ…‘–‡š–—ŽŽ‘…ƒŽǤ
—…‘’ƒ”£’”‘‹‡…–—Ž…—
ƒŽ–‡…‘—‹–£ì‹Ǥ
—ƒ”‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒ
‰‡•–‹‘ƒ‡ˆ‡…–—Ž˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘”
…‡•—”˜‹’”‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ
ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹—Ž–‹Ǧ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‡Ǥ
—‘„싐‡‡•–‹£”‹’”‡…‹•‡
ƒ•—’”ƒ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘”
’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹Ǥ
•–‡†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡‘„싐—–
•‡–‹‡–—Ž†‡…‘˜‹‰‡”‡
…—…£•…Š‹„£”‹Ž‡
‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‡•—–”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž
’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹ç‹—ƒŽƒŽ–‘”
ˆƒ…–‘”‹ƒ‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ǥ
—ƒ”‡…ƒ’ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒ
‰‡•–‹‘ƒ‡˜‡‹‡–‡Ž‡
‡š–‡”‡Ǥ
—‘„싐‡†ƒ–‡…‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡
’‡–”—ƒ‡•–‹ƒ…ƒ’ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
’‘–‡ì‹ƒŽ£†‡”‡’”‘†—…‡”‡Ǥ

Surs: Bamberger, M., Rugh, J., Mabry, L. (2006). Real World Evaluation, Working under budget, time,
data and political constraints. CA: SAGE


ƒ…£ …‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‡•… modelul non-experimental •—– ƒ‹ ’—싐 ’”‡–‡ì‹‘ç‹ Á
…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡—‹–£ì‹Ž‡†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£ǡ•‡Ž‡…–Ÿ†’‡–”—•–—†‹—–‘ƒ–‡ȋ•ƒ—ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒȌ
—‹–£ì‹Ž‘”ȋ‡šǤ–‘ƒ–‡•ƒ–‡Ž‡†‹Œ—†‡ìȌǡ•ƒ——‡çƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹—•ƒ—”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‹˜Ǥ—
–‘ƒ–‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡƒ–Ÿ–Á…ƒ†”—Ž…Ÿ–ç‹Á‘†‡Ž—Ž‘Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽǡ…‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž‡•–‡
— ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‘” ’ƒ•‹˜ ƒŽ ‘†—Ž—‹ Á …ƒ”‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡ •—– •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ •ƒ— ƒ–”‹„—‹–‡
 43

ˆ‹‡…£”‡‹ —‹–£ì‹ †‡ ƒƒŽ‹œ£Ǥ ‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž ‰‡•–‹‘‡ƒœ£ ƒŽ‘…ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘” ’‡ —‹–£ì‹
†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£ǡˆ‘Ž‘•‹†‘’”‘…‡†—”£ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡ǡ†‘ƒ”Á…ƒ†”—Ž‡š’‡”‹‡–—Ž—‹Ǥ

‘†‡Ž—Ž ‘Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ ȋȌ ‡•–‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ †‡• Á–ŸŽ‹– Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘” †‡
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ȁ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ǥ ƒ…£ ’”‘‰”ƒ—ŽȀ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ •‡ ƒ’Ž‹…£ –—–—”‘”ǡ — ˜ƒ ˆ‹ ’‘•‹„‹Ž •£ •‡
‡ˆ‡…–—‡œ‡…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‹Á–”‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡•ƒ——‹–£ì‹Ž‡…ƒ”‡•—–ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡†‡’”‘‰”ƒ…—
…‡Ž‡…ƒ”‡—•—–ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡Ǥƒ…‡•–…ƒœǡǷ–”ƒ–ƒ‡–‡Ž‡dz•—–Ž‡‰‹ǡ”‡‰—Žƒ‡–‡‡–…Ǥ…ƒ”‡
‡š‹•–£ †‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ —Ž– –‹’Ǥ ” ˆ‹ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ †‹ˆ‹…‹Ž †‡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ– ‹’ƒ…–—Ž ƒ…‡•–‘” Ž‡‰‹
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†—Ǧ•‡ — ˆ‡Ž †‡ ‘†‡Ž ’”‡Ǧ’‘•–Ǥ B ’Ž—•ǡ ’‡–”— ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡ …— Ƿƒ…‘’‡”‹”‡
†‡’Ž‹£dzǡˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ‰”—’—Ž—‹†‡…‘–”‘Ž‡•–‡ˆ‘ƒ”–‡†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž£•ƒ—…Š‹ƒ”‹’‘•‹„‹Ž£Ǥ

B ƒ…‡•–‡ …ƒœ—”‹ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹ …”‡‡ƒœ£ — ‘†‡Ž •–ƒ–‹•–‹… ’‡–”— ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž ”‡•’‡…–‹˜‡‹
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ȁ’”‘‰”ƒ ç‹ •–—†‹ƒœ£ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘” ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ ƒ…‡•–—‹ƒ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†
†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡‹•–”—‡–‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…‡ȋ‡šǤ”‡‰”‡•‹ƒ—Ž–‹’Ž£ȌǤ˜Ÿ†Á˜‡†‡”‡…£ƒ…‡•–ƒˆƒ…‡ǡ
†‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ’ƒ”–‡ †‹ ‘†‡Ž‡Ž‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡ ç‹ …˜ƒ•‹Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡ǡ Ž‹‹ƒ †‡
†‡ƒ”…ƒì‹‡ Á–”‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ †‘—£ ‘†‡Ž‡ ç‹ ‘†‡Ž—Ž ‘Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ — ‡•–‡ …Žƒ”£Ǥ
—–‡’”‡•—’—‡…£ǡÁƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ…ƒœ—”‹Ž‘”ǡ‡•–‡’ƒ”–‡†‹…‡Ž‡†‘—£‘†‡Ž‡ƒ‹
•—•‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡Ǥ

Elaborarea unui plan de management al evalurii

Žƒ—Ž †‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ƒŽ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ‡•–‡ — ‹•–”—‡– ‡•‡ì‹ƒŽ ’‡–”— ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ ƒ‹ ƒŽ‡• †ƒ…£ ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ •ƒ— ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž •—’—•‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ‹…Ž—† —Ž–‡
‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡ǤŽƒ—Ž†‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–ƒŽ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹—ƒ”‡—ˆ‘”ƒ–•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ǤBƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
…ƒœ—”‹Ž‘”ǡ ’Žƒ—”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ …‘ì‹ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ǡ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‡ ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‡ǡ –‡”‡‡Ž‡
Ž‹‹–£’‡–”—ƒ—‹–‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ǡ‡–‘†‡Ž‡’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ç‹ƒƒŽ‹œ£ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ
’”‡…—ç‹…‘•–—”‹Ž‡’‡–”—ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡’ƒ•Á’ƒ”–‡ǤŽƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒÁ’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹Žƒ——‹’Žƒ†‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒŒ—–£‡…Š‹’ƒ•£Á’‹‡†‹…‡–‡”‹ƒ”‡ƒ‡ƒç–‡’–ƒ–£ƒ”‡•—”•‡Ž‘”ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡Á
†‡…—”•—Ž’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǤB‘†ƒ•‡££–‘”…—†ǡˆ‘”ƒ–—Ž’‘ƒ–‡˜ƒ”‹ƒÁ
ˆ—…싇†‡‡˜‘‹Ž‡‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

ƒ…£‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ‡•–‡—ƒ…‘’Ž‡š£ç‹–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ–£ǡ‘‹–‡–—Ž†‡‹Ž‘–ƒŒ
‡•–‡‹˜‹–ƒ–•£ƒ’”‘„‡’Žƒ—Ž†‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–ƒŽ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹…—•…‘’—Ž†‡ƒ…‘‘”†‘ƒƒ‹
„‹‡’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ


Exemplul 10 ’”‡œ‹–£ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‹‹ ’ƒç‹ ƒ‹ ——‹ ’Žƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ …–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡
…‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘•– ‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ–£ …£–”‡ ‘ …‘’ƒ‹‡ǡ ‹ƒ” ’Žƒ—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ‹ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–
ȋ–‡”‡‡ Ž‹‹–£ǡ ”‡•—”•‡ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡Ȍ ƒ ˆ‘•– Áƒ‹–ƒ– …Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ǡ †ƒ” — ‡•–‡ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž
’‡–”—’—„Ž‹…Ǥ
 44


EXEMPLUL 10. Planificarea evalurii ex-post asupra politicii privind tineretul în

Letonia

Cercetarea a fost desfurat conform urmtoarelor etape logice:

1. Elaborarea unui plan de cercetare i obinerea aprobrii de la
Departamentul de Afaceri pentru Tineret din cadrul Ministerului pentru
Copii i Afaceri Familiale (Clientul).
2. Elaborarea unor instrumente de cercetare i obinerea aprobrii din
partea Clientului asupra:
a. Formularului privind chestionarul;
b. Liniile directoare pentru interviurile aprofundate individuale i
experte;
c. Liniile directoare pentru discuiile din cadrul focus grupurilor.
3. Cercetare documentar pentru analiza datelor secundare.
4. Activiti pe teren, ce desfoar:
a. anchete;
b. interviuri aprofundate;
c. discuii în cadrul focus grupurilor;
d. interviuri cu experi.
5. Studiu de caz – identificarea bunelor practici în lucrul cu tinerii i
desfurarea unei analize aprofundate ale celor mai de succes exemple.
6. Analiza datelor calitative (materiale din interviuri i discuii în grup;
documente) i cantitative (procesarea datelor statistice ale rezultatelor
chestionarelor).
7. Prezentarea rezultatelor provizorii.
8. Lucru asupra raportului de cercetare final.
9. Prezentarea schiei de raport.
10. Ajustrile finale ale raportului la cerinele clientului; traducerea i
depunerea acestuia.
 45


Pasul 4. Selecia metodelor de colectare i analiz a datelor


†ƒ–£ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‹‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹ ç‹ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡ǡ
–”‡„—‹‡ •£ •‡ †‡ƒ”‡œ‡ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ’‡–”— ƒ ‘„싐‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡
…ƒ”‡˜£˜‘”ƒŒ—–ƒ•£”£•’—†‡ì‹ŽƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ǥ‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒç‹ƒƒŽ‹œƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”•—–ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹
•–”Ÿ• Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ —ƒ †‡ …‡ƒŽƒŽ–£ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ ƒ…‡•–ƒ ˆ‹‹† ‘–‹˜—Ž
’‡–”—…ƒ”‡ǡÁƒ…‡•–…ƒ’‹–‘Žǡ‡Ž‡•—–†‡•…”‹•‡ç‹‡š’Ž‹…ƒ–‡—”Ÿ†‘•‡…˜‡ì‹‡”‡Ž‘‰‹…£
ƒ‡˜‡‹‡–‡Ž‘”Ǥ

š‹•–£ †‘—£ †‘…—‡–‡ ‘ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ‡ Žƒ …ƒ”‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˜‡ì‹ †‘”‹ •£ ˆƒ…‡ì‹ ”‡ˆ‡”‹”‡ ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ†
…‘Ž‡…–ƒì‹ ç‹ ƒƒŽ‹œƒì‹ †ƒ–‡Ž‡ Ȃ Ghidul privind Monitorizarea i Evaluarea (2008) ç‹
Manualul metodelor folosite în planificarea politicilor i studiilor de impact (2006)Ǥ

Š‹†—Ž’”‹˜‹†‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ƒç‹˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ’”‡œ‹–£…‘…‡’–‡Ž‡†‡„ƒœ£ƒŽ‡…‘Ž‡…–£”‹‹ç‹
ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ †‡ †ƒ–‡ ç‹ †‡•…”‹‡ ’‡ •…—”– ‰ƒƒ †‡ ‡–‘†‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Ǥ ƒ—ƒŽ—Ž ‡–‘†‡Ž‘”
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Á’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”ç‹•–—†‹‹Ž‘”†‡‹’ƒ…–‡š’Ž‹…£Á†‡–ƒŽ‹—‡–‘†‡Ž‡†‡
ƒƒŽ‹œ£ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ç‹ ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒ Ž‘”Ǥ‡ç‹ ƒŽ †‘‹Ž‡ƒ †‘…—‡– ‡š’Ž‹…£‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‡šǦƒ–‡ǡ
‡–‘†‡Ž‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”•—‰‡”ƒ–‡Á”‡•’‡…–‹˜—Ž†‘…—‡–’‘–ˆ‹ǡ†‡
ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ç‹’‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ‡šǦ’‘•–Ǥ

B ƒ…‡•– ƒ—ƒŽǡ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ç‹ ƒƒŽ‹œ£ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” •—– ‡š’Ž‹…ƒ–‡ Á–”Ǧ‘
ƒ‹‡”£ •‹’Ž£ ç‹ …”‡‡ƒœ£ ‘ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ …‘‡”‡–£ ƒ Á–”‡‰—Ž—‹ ‡ˆ‘”– †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ” ç‹ ‡šǦ’‘•–Ǥ ƒ‹ —Ž–ǡ •—– ˆ—”‹œƒ–‡ Á†”—£”‹ ’”ƒ…–‹…‡ ç‹ •–—†‹‹ †‡ …ƒœ
’‡–”—ƒ‹Ž—•–”ƒƒ’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒ†‹˜‡”•‡Ž‘”‡–‘†‡Ǥ

Colectarea datelor

‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ‡•–‡ ‘ ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–£ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž—‹ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ƒ…‡•–‘” †ƒ–‡ ˜ƒ ƒ˜‡ƒ — ‹’ƒ…– †‹”‡…– ƒ•—’”ƒ …ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹†—‡ƒ˜‘ƒ•–”£ȂƒƒŽ‹œƒǡ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡ç‹”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡†˜•Ǥ˜‘”ˆ‹‡‹•‡Á
„ƒœƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ƒ–‡”‹‘”Ǥ

‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”‡•–‡†‡‘„‹…‡‹’”‘…‡•—Ž…ƒ”‡…‘•—£…‡Žƒ‹—Ž––‹’ç‹…‡Ž‡ƒ‹
—Ž–‡”‡•—”•‡Ǥ…‘’—Žƒ…‡•–—‹’”‘…‡•Á…ƒ†”—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹‡•–‡†‡ƒ‘„싐‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡
†‡…ƒ”‡ƒ˜‡ì‹‡˜‘‹‡’‡–”—ƒ’—–‡ƒ”£•’—†‡ŽƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ•‡
’‘ƒ–‡ „ƒœƒ ’‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡ ‡š‹•–‡–‡ •ƒ—ǡ †ƒ…£ ƒ…‡•–‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ — •—– •—ˆ‹…‹‡–‡ǡ
’‘ƒ–‡ƒ’£”‡ƒ‡˜‘‹ƒ†‡ƒ…‘Ž‡…–ƒ‘‹†ƒ–‡Ǥ

š‹•–£ ƒ‹ —Ž–‡ ‘†ƒŽ‹–£ì‹ †‡ …Žƒ•‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ B ’”‹—Ž ”Ÿ†ǡ •‡ ˆƒ…‡ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ
†‹•–‹…싃Á–”‡†ƒ–‡Ž‡cantitativeç‹…‡Ž‡calitativeǤƒ–‡Ž‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡•‡”‡ˆ‡”£Žƒ…‹ˆ”‡Ȃ
…Ÿì‹Ȁ…Ÿ–‡Ȃ‹ƒ”…‡Ž‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Žƒ‘–‹˜‡ǡ‘’‹‹‹ç‹‘–‹˜ƒì‹‡Ȃ†‡…‡Ǥ

ƒ–‡Ž‡’‘–ˆ‹ǡ†‡ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ…Žƒ•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡Áˆ—…싇†‡•—”•‡Ž‡ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒǡƒ†‹…£primare ç‹
secundareǤ ƒ–‡Ž‡ ’”‹ƒ”‡ •—– …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ †‡ …£–”‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘” †‡ Žƒ †‹˜‡”ç‹
ƒ…–‘”‹ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ •ƒ— ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ ƒ–‡Ž‡ •‡…—†ƒ”‡ ”‡’”‡œ‹–£ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹
…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ƒ–‡”‹‘”†‡…£–”‡ƒŽì‹‹ç‹ƒ†‡•‡ƒ…—•…‘’—”‹†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ǥ

 46

ƒ‹—Ž–ǡ†ƒ–‡Ž‡’‘–ˆ‹…Žƒ•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡Álongitudinaleç‹transversaleǤƒ–‡Ž‡Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ‡
•—– †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ †‡Ǧƒ Ž—‰—Ž ƒ‹Ž‘”Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ Á†‡’Ž‹‹ •…‘’—”‹Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ
ƒ…‡•–‡ †ƒ–‡ –”‡„—‹‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ …‡Ž ’—싐 †‡ †‘—£ ‘”‹ †‡Ǧƒ Ž—‰—Ž –‹’—Ž—‹ Ȃ Áƒ‹–‡ †‡
Á…‡’‡”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ȋ†‡„ƒœ£Ǧ„ƒ•‡Ž‹‡Ȍç‹Žƒ‘‡–—Ž‡ˆ‡…–—£”‹‹‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”‡•ƒ—
‡šǦ’‘•–Ǥƒ–‡Ž‡Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ‡’”‡œ‹–£•…Š‹„£”‹ƒŽ‡ƒ…‡Ž—‹ƒç‹•—„‹‡…–†‡ǦƒŽ—‰—Ž—‡‹
’‡”‹‘ƒ†‡ †‡ –‹’Ǥ ƒ–‡Ž‡ –”ƒ•˜‡”•ƒŽ‡ •—– …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ Žƒ — ƒ—‹– ‘‡– Á –‹’
…‘’ƒ”Ÿ††‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡Ž‡†‹–”‡•—„‹‡…싆‡ǦƒŽ—‰—Ž˜”‡‹‹Ǥ

B•…‘’—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹•‡’‘–…‘Ž‡…–ƒ†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡–‹’—”‹†‡†ƒ–‡Ǥ

Planificarea procesului de colectare a datelor

Bƒ‹–‡ †‡ ƒ Á…‡’‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ ƒ•‹‰—”ƒì‹Ǧ˜£ …£ †‹•…—–ƒì‹ ç‹ ƒŒ—‰‡ì‹ Žƒ —
…‘•‡•Á…ƒ†”—Ž‡…Š‹’‡‹†˜•Ǥ…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ƒ•’‡…–‡ǣ
x  ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ …‘Ž‡…–ƒì‹ ’‡–”— ƒ ”£•’—†‡ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘” †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ç‹’‘ƒ–‡ˆ—”‹œƒƒ…‡•–‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹
x ‡–‘†‡˜‡ì‹•‡Ž‡…–ƒ’‡–”—ƒ‘„싐‡†ƒ–‡Ž‡‡…‡•ƒ”‡
x ˜ƒ…‘Ž‡…–ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‡
x  ˜‡ì‹…‘Ž‡…–ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‡Ǥ

‡–”— ƒ †‡…‹†‡  ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ˜ƒ –”‡„—‹ •£ …‘Ž‡…–ƒì‹ǡ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ˜£ Á–‘ƒ”…‡ì‹ Žƒ
Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ Žƒ ‡˜‘‹Ž‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘” ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ç‹ Žƒ ‘†‡Ž—Ž Ž‘‰‹…Ǥ ƒ…£ ƒì‹
ˆ£…—–ƒ…‡•–Ž—…”—Á’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹Žǡƒ–—…‹ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”†‡…ƒ”‡ƒ˜‡ì‹‡˜‘‹‡˜ƒˆ‹—Ž–
ƒ‹ˆƒ…‹Ž£Ǥ—’£‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ‡˜‘‹Ž‘”†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ǡ—”£–‘”—Ž’ƒ•‡•–‡†‡ƒ†‡…‹†‡
 ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ—”‹œƒ ƒ…‡•–‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ç‹  ‡–‘†‡ †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ˜‡ì‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹Ǥ
Ÿ†•‡Ž‡…–ƒì‹‡–‘†‡Ž‡’‡–”—ƒ…‘Ž‡…–ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‡’‡–”—ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡Á–”‡„ƒ”‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ
–”‡„—‹‡•£Ž—ƒì‹Á…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡…Ÿ–‡˜ƒƒ•’‡…–‡ǣ
x ƒ–‡Ž‡ †‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ˜‡ì‹ ‡˜‘‹‡ ‡š‹•–£ †‡Œƒ •ƒ— –”‡„—‹‡ •£ …”‡ƒì‹ ‘‹ •—”•‡ †‡
†ƒ–‡ǫ
x ƒ…£‡š‹•–£ǡ…‹‡Ž‡ƒ”‡ǫ
x ƒ…£—‡š‹•–£ǡ…‹‡˜£’‘ƒ–‡ˆ—”‹œƒƒ…‡ƒ•–£‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‡ç‹…—ǫ
x £’‡”‹–‡ì‹…‘•–—”‹Ž‡ƒ•‘…‹ƒ–‡’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǫ
x ‡ ”‹•…—”‹ ç‹ …‘•–”Ÿ‰‡”‹ ƒì‹ ’—–‡ƒ Á–ŸŽ‹ ç‹ …ƒ”‡ •—– ’”‡‰£–‹”‹Ž‡ ’‡ …ƒ”‡
–”‡„—‹‡•£Ž‡ˆƒ…‡ì‹ǫ

‡–”—ƒ•…Š‹ìƒƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡ƒŒ‘”‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž…‘Ž‡…–£”‹‹†‡†ƒ–‡ǡ’—–‡ì‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–ƒ„‡Ž—Ž†‡
ƒ‹Œ‘•Ǥ

Tabel 6.ablon pentru planul de colectare a datelor

Întrebrile Informaiile Cine le Metode de Cine/când Riscuri Pregtiri
de evaluare necesare poate colectare a prealabile
furniza? datelor



 47

‡š‡’Ž—†‡’Žƒ†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”‡•–‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–ÁAnexa 1Ǥ

•–‡ˆ‘ƒ”–‡’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž…ƒ†‡…‹œ‹‹Ž‡’‡…ƒ”‡Ž‡Ž—ƒì‹Áƒ…‡ƒ•–£‡–ƒ’£•£•‡•…Š‹„‡‘†ƒ–£
…— †‡ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ Ǧƒ” ’—–‡ƒ •£ ˆ‹‡ ‡˜‘‹‡ •£ ˜£
Á–‘ƒ”…‡ì‹Žƒ’Žƒç‹•£‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹’‡”‹‘ƒ†‡Ž‡†‡–‹’狏‡–‘†‡Ž‡†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡Ǥ—–‘ƒ–‡
ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡƒ…‡•–‡ƒ•’‡…–‡•—–‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ç‹–”‡„—‹‡†‹•…—–ƒ–‡†‡ŽƒÁ…‡’—–ǡ†‡’”‡ˆ‡”ƒ–
’‡’ƒ”…—”•—Ž’‡”‹‘ƒ†‡‹†‡’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡˜‘””‡ˆŽ‡…–ƒ…‡–‹’†‡ç‹…Ÿ–‡
”‡•—”•‡ǡÁ–‡”‡‹†‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡ǡ–‹’ǡ„ƒ‹ǡ˜ƒˆ‹‡˜‘‹‡•£ƒŽ‘…ƒì‹’‡–”—…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ
†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ ‡ì‹ ’—–‡ƒǡ †‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ •£ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹ …‡ ’”‡‰£–‹”‹ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒì‹ Á
ƒ˜ƒ• ȋ‡šǤ ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”Ȍ ç‹ †ƒ…£ ’‘– ƒ’£”‡ƒ ƒ—‹–‡ ”‹•…—”‹ ȋ‡šǤ
•‡•‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ•ƒ—Ž‹’•ƒƒ—‹–‘”†ƒ–‡ǡ†ƒ–‡†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡‘„싐—–‡–…ǤȌǤ

‡‘„‹…‡‹ǡ‡…Š‹’ƒ†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Œ‘ƒ…£—”‘Žˆ‘ƒ”–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–Á’”‘‹‡…–ƒ”‡ƒç‹’”‘…‡•—Ž
†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ•–ˆ‡Žǡ–”‡„—‹‡•£˜£ƒ•‹‰—”ƒì‹…£‡„”‹‹‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǣ
x —…—‘ç–‹ì‡†‡•’”‡•—„‹‡…–—Ž•—’—•‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǣ
x —ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ•—”•‡’‡–”—‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡Ǣ
x —ƒ……‡•ˆƒ…‹ŽŽƒ•—”•‡Ž‡‡…‡•ƒ”‡†‡†ƒ–‡Ǥ

Cercetarea documentar

‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ƒ †‘…—‡–ƒ”£ ‡•–‡ ‘ ”‡˜‹œ—‹”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” •‡…—†ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ǡ ‡š‹•–£ —
˜‘Ž— ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ƒ”‡ †‡ †ƒ–‡ …ƒ”‡ †‡Œƒ ƒ— ˆ‘•– …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ †‡ …£–”‡ ƒŽì‹‹Ǥ ‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ƒ
†‘…—‡–ƒ”£‹’Ž‹…£•–”Ÿ‰‡”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”†‡Žƒ†‹˜‡”•‡Ž‡•—”•‡‡š‹•–‡–‡ǣ
x ƒ–‡Ž‡’‘–ˆ‹†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡Á”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡Ž‡†‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡•ƒ—†‡’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£’‡…ƒ”‡
ƒƒ‰‡”‹‹†‡’”‘‰”ƒ•ƒ—’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–Ž‡…‘Ž‡…–‡ƒœ£Ǥ
x ƒ–‡Ž‡•‡…—†ƒ”‡’‘–ˆ‹’£•–”ƒ–‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‘”†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡’‡…ƒ”‡
†˜•Ǥ˜ƒ–”‡„—‹•£Ž‡˜‹œ‹–ƒì‹’‡–”—‘„싐‡‡š‡’Žƒ”‡ƒŽ‡ƒ…‡•–‘”†‘…—‡–‡Ǥ
x ‹”‘—Ž ƒì‹‘ƒŽ †‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…£ ç‹ ‹•–‹–—–‡Ž‡ †‡ …‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ •—„‘”†‘ƒ–‡
‹‹•–‡”‡Ž‘” …‘Ž‡…–‡ƒœ£ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ †ƒ–‡ …ƒ”‡ •—– †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡ ç‹ …ƒ”‡ ’‘– ˆ‹
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡’‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ†˜•Ǥ
x ‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž†‹’”‘‰”ƒ’‘ƒ–‡ƒ˜‡ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡Á—”ƒƒ…Š‡–‡Ž‘”†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–‡
Á–”‡…—–Ǥ
x ”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹Ž‡ ‡—”‘’‡‡ •ƒ— ‹–‡”ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡ •—– ‘ •—”•£ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–£ ’‡–”— ƒ
…‘•—Ž–ƒ …‡”…‡–£”‹Ž‡ǡ •–—†‹‹Ž‡ǡ ”‡˜‹œ—‹”‹Ž‡ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–‡ ƒ–‡”‹‘” •ƒ— ’‡–”— ƒ
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹„ƒœƒ†‡†ƒ–‡ƒ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”Ǥ

 „— ’—…– †‡ ’Ž‡…ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ Ž‘…ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ ƒ…‡•–‘” •—”•‡ ç‹ ‘„싐‡”‡ƒ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘”Ǥ
˜ƒ–ƒŒ‡Ž‡ …‡Ž‡ ƒ‹ …‘—‡ ƒ•‘…‹ƒ–‡ …‡”…‡–£”‹‹ †‘…—‡–ƒ”‡ •—–ǣ ‡•–‡ ‹‡ˆ–‹£ ç‹
‡ˆ‹…‹‡–£ †‹ ’—…– †‡ ˜‡†‡”‡ ƒŽ –‹’—Ž—‹Ǥ ‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ’‡”‹–‡ ‘ …—‘ƒç–‡”‡ ƒ‹
„—£ ƒ •—„‹‡…–—Ž—‹ǡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ‡˜‘‹Ž‘” •—’Ž‹‡–ƒ”‡ •ƒ— ƒ •—”•‡Ž‘” †‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ǥ
†‡•‡ƒǡ ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘” †‡…‹† ƒ•—’”ƒ ‡˜‘‹‹ †‡ ƒ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ †ƒ–‡ †‹ •—”•‡
’”‹ƒ”‡†‘ƒ”ƒ–—…‹…Ÿ†ƒ—‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–…‡”…‡–ƒ”‡†‘…—‡–ƒ”£Ǥ

š‹•–£†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡‘†ƒŽ‹–£ì‹†‡Ž‘…ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ•—”•‡Ž‘”’‡…ƒ”‡–”‡„—‹‡•£Ž‡…‘•—Ž–ƒì‹Ǥ˜‡ì‹
ƒ‹Œ‘•…Ÿ–‡˜ƒ•—‰‡•–‹‹ǣ
x ‹•…—–ƒì‹ ’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‡…Š‹’‡‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ Ǧ ‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‡ Á •’‡…‹ƒŽ †ƒ…£
‡„”‹‹’”‘˜‹†‹‹•–‹–—ì‹‹†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ǣ
x B–ŸŽ‹ì‹Ǧ˜£…—ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹‹’‘”–ƒì‹’‡–”—ƒ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ†ƒ…£†‹˜‡”•‡Ž‡
„ƒœ‡†‡†ƒ–‡ǡƒ”Š‹˜‡ǡ”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡ƒŽ‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž—‹•ƒ—ƒŽ–‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹‹–‡”‡
‘’‡”ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡…ƒ”‡’‘–ˆ‹”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡’‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ
 48


‡†‡ƒŽ–£’ƒ”–‡ǡ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡†‡Œƒ…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡’‘–ˆ‹Á˜‡…Š‹–‡•ƒ—†ƒ…£˜£”‡ˆ‡”‹ì‹Žƒ•—”•‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ‡†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ’‘ƒ–‡—ƒ‹•—–†‡Á…”‡†‡”‡Ǥ

Metode de colectare a datelor


—’£ …‡ ƒì‹ ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ– …‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ƒ †‘…—‡–ƒ”£ ˜‡ì‹ ’—–‡ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ …‡ ƒŽ–‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹
•—’Ž‹‡–ƒ”‡ƒ‹•—–‡…‡•ƒ”‡†‡Žƒ•—”•‡Ž‡’”‹ƒ”‡Ǥ

‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡•ƒ—’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡†˜•Ǥ’‘–‹’Ž‹…ƒ‘‰ƒ£Žƒ”‰£†‡ƒ…–‘”‹†‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹†‡Žƒ…ƒ”‡†˜•Ǥ
‡•–‡’‘•‹„‹Ž•£ƒ˜‡ì‹‡˜‘‹‡†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ǤB’”‹…‹’‹—ƒ…‡ç–‹ƒ•—–ǣ
x Utilizatorii de servicii sau beneficiarii programuluiǣ ƒ…‡ç–‹ƒ •—– ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡
싐–£Á’”‘‰”ƒǢ
x Cei care livreaz programulǣ†‡‡š‡’Ž—’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž†‹ƒ‰‡ì‹‡•ƒ—…‡–”—…ƒ”‡
ˆ—”‹œ‡ƒœ£•‡”˜‹…‹‹’‡–”—„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”‹‹’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ǡˆ—”‹œ‘”‹†‡ˆ‘”ƒ”‡Ǣ
x Cei responsabili de direcia strategic i managementǣ †‡ ‡š‡’Ž— ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹
†‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ‹ǡƒƒ‰‡”‹‹†‡’”‘‰”ƒ†‡Žƒ†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡‹˜‡Ž—”‹•ƒ—’‡”•‘ƒŽÁ…ƒ†”—Ž
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǣ
x Grupuri mai largi de persoane afectate (pozitiv sau negativ) indirect de
programul dvs.ǣ †‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ •‘…‹‡–ƒ–‡ƒǡ ‡†‹ƒ •ƒ— ƒŽ–‡ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‹ …ƒ”‡ •—–
‹–‡”‡•ƒ–‡†‡’”‘‰”ƒǤ

”£–‘ƒ”‡ƒ Á–”‡„ƒ”‡ Žƒ …ƒ”‡ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ”£•’—†‡ì‹ ‡•–‡  ‡–‘†‡ ˜‘” ˆ‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡
’‡–”— ‰‡‡”ƒ”‡ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘” ’”‹ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ •—–‰”—’ƒ–‡ Áʹ •‡…ì‹—‹ƒŒ‘”‡
ƒ‹Œ‘•ǣ
x …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡
x …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡

Metodele cantitative de colectare a datelor


‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡‡•–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£’‡–”—ƒ”£•’—†‡ŽƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‡†‡
Ƿ…‹ˆ”‡dz Ȃ …Ÿì‹ ‘ƒ‡‹ ƒ— ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ– Žƒ ’”‘‰”ƒǡ …Ÿì‹ †‹–”‡ ƒ…‡ç–‹ƒ …‘•‹†‡”£ …£
’”‘‰”ƒ—Žƒˆ‘•–——Ž—–‹Ž‡–…Ǥ‡ƒƒ‹†‡•Á–ŸŽ‹–£‡–‘†£…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜£†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ
†ƒ–‡Ž‘”‡•–‡ƒ…Š‡–ƒǤ

•–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– …ƒ ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† •‡ †‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£ …‡”…‡–£”‹ …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ •£ •‡ ”‡ì‹£
—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ƒ•’‡…–‡ǣ
x –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ƒ†”‡•ƒì‹ ƒ…‡‡ƒç‹ Á–”‡„ƒ”‡ Á ƒ…‡Žƒç‹ ‘† ˆ‹‡…£”—‹ ”‡•’‘†‡– Ȃ ˜ƒ
–”‡„—‹•£ƒ†—ƒì‹”£•’—•—”‹Ž‡Žƒ—Ž‘…Ǣ
x ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡ ’‡ …ƒ”‡ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ Ž‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒì‹ ’‡–”— ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£ ˆ‹‡
”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ’‡–”— –‘ƒ–‡ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ— ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ– Žƒ ’”‘‰”ƒ Ȃ •Ǧƒ”
’—–‡ƒ•£ƒ˜‡ì‹‡˜‘‹‡†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡Ǥ

Ancheta

…Š‡–ƒ ‡•–‡ — ‹•–”—‡– ˆ‘Ž‘•‹– ’‡–”— …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘” …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ …—
’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ†‹˜‡”狃…–‘”‹ǡ‡˜‡‹‡–‡•ƒ—•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‡‰ƒ–‡†‡’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ•ƒ—’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž†˜•Ǥ
•–‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ †‡• ˆ‘Ž‘•‹– ’‡–”— ƒ ƒ…Š‡–ƒ ‡˜‡‹‡–‡ ç‹ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡ †‹ •‡…–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡
‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽǡ •‘…‹ƒŽǡ •££–ƒ–‡ǡ ‡†—…ƒì‹‡ ç‹ ƒŽ–‡ •‡…–‘ƒ”‡ Á …ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ ‡˜‘‹‡ †‡
…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹•ƒ—‘’‹‹‹Ǥ
 49


…Š‡–ƒ‡•–‡—ƒ†‹–”‡…‡Ž‡ƒ‹ˆ”‡…˜‡–ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡–‡Š‹…‹†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘”
’”‹ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡ †‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£ …— ƒŒ—–‘”—Ž ——‹ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ” ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ– ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‘” ƒ…Š‡–ƒ–‡
’‡–”—ƒ‘„싐‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡•’”‡’‘Ž‹–‹…£•ƒ—’”‘‰”ƒǤš‹•–£ƒ‹—Ž–‡‡–‘†‡†‡
…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒƒ…‡•–‘”‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ǣ
x ‹–‡”˜‹—ˆƒì£Áˆƒì£
x Žƒ–‡Ž‡ˆ‘ǡ•ƒ—
x ’”‹…‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡ƒ——‹…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”–‹’£”‹–•ƒ—Á˜ƒ”‹ƒ–£‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…£’”‹‡ƒ‹Ž
ȋƒ—–‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡ȌǤ

‹’—Ž …ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ ˆ‹ ƒŽ‡• •‡ ˜ƒ †‡…‹†‡ Á ˆ—…싇 †‡ ƒ—‹ì‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ǡ ‹…Ž—•‹˜ ”‡•—”•‡Ž‡
†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡ ȋ†‡ –‹’ǡ —ƒ‡ǡ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡Ȍǡ †‡ ‰”ƒ†—Ž †‡ ƒ…—”ƒ–‡ì‡ ƒŽ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” ç‹
–”£•£–—”‹Ž‡‰”—’—Ž—‹싐–£Ǥ

Interviurile fa în faç‹sondajele prin telefon’‘–‰‡‡”ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡‘ƒ‹„—£

…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ…‡•–‡ƒ…”‡•…’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ…ƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡•£ˆ‹‡ƒ‹ „‹‡ Áì‡Ž‡•‡ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡
”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹ ƒ— ‘’‘”–—‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ ƒ …Žƒ”‹ˆ‹…ƒ ‡Ž£—”‹”‹Ž‡Ǥ –‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‡ ç‹ •‘†ƒŒ‡Ž‡
–‡Ž‡ˆ‘‹…‡ ‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£ǡ †‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ‘ ”ƒ–£ ƒ‹ ƒ”‡ †‡ ”£•’—• ç‹ ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹
’‘–”‹˜‹ì‹Ǥ—–‘ƒ–‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ‡Ž‡’‘–‡…‡•‹–ƒƒ‹—Ž–‡”‡•—”•‡ç‹’‘–ˆ‹ƒ‹…‘•–‹•‹–‘ƒ”‡
Á…ƒœ—ŽÁ…ƒ”‡ƒ˜‡ì‹‡˜‘‹‡•£ƒ…Š‡–ƒì‹——£”ƒ”‡†‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡ǤBƒ…‡•–•‡•ǡ
‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‡ç‹•‘†ƒŒ‡Ž‡’”‹–‡Ž‡ˆ‘•—–…‡Ž‡ƒ‹ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡‡–‘†‡ƒ–—…‹…Ÿ†ƒ˜‡ì‹
‡˜‘‹‡†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡Á…”‡†‡”‡ç‹…Ÿ†—•—–‡ì‹…‘•–”Ÿç‹†‡”‡•—”•‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ

‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ –”‡„—‹‡ Ž—ƒ–‡ Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ ç‹ –”£•£–—”‹Ž‡ ‰”—’—Ž—‹ 싐–£Ǥ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ
†ƒ…£ ƒ˜‡ì‹ ‡˜‘‹‡ •£ ƒ…Š‡–ƒì‹ ˆƒ‹Ž‹‹ …— — ˜‡‹– ”‡†—•ǡ ’—–‡ì‹ Ž—ƒ Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒƒ‹†‡‰”ƒ„£ƒ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘”ˆƒì£Áˆƒì£•ƒ—ƒ—–‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡ƒ†‡…Ÿ–…‡Ž‡’”‹
–‡Ž‡ˆ‘•ƒ—‡ƒ‹Žǡ’‡–”—…£‡š‹•–£‘’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡”‡†—•£…ƒƒ•–ˆ‡Ž†‡ˆƒ‹Ž‹‹•£ƒ‹„£
–‡Ž‡ˆ‘•ƒ—•£ˆ‘Ž‘•‡ƒ•…£‹–‡”‡–—ŽǤ

Sondajul auto-completare‡•–‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‹‡ˆ–‹ç‹”ƒ’‹†ǡ†ƒ”’”‡œ‹–£—”‹•…ƒ‹ƒ”‡…ƒ
Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡•£ˆ‹‡‰”‡ç‹–Áì‡Ž‡•‡ç‹”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹•£—ˆ‹‡…‡‹’‘–”‹˜‹ì‹Ǥƒ–ƒ†‡”£•’—•
’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ǡ †‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ƒ‹ ”‡†—•£ †‡…Ÿ– Á …ƒœ—Ž •‘†ƒŒ‡Ž‘” ˆƒì£ Á ˆƒì£ •ƒ— ’”‹
–‡Ž‡ˆ‘Ǥ ‘†ƒŒ—Ž ƒ—–‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ …‘†—•’‡–”—ƒƒ…Š‡–ƒ——£”
ƒ”‡†‡’‘’—Žƒì‹‡ç‹†‡‘„‹…‡‹†‹–”Ǧ‘œ‘£‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…£˜ƒ•–£Ǥ

‡‘”‹ǡ •‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‡ç–‡ ‘ …‘„‹ƒì‹‡ †‡ ƒ‹ —Ž–‡ –‡Š‹…‹ †‡ •‘†ƒŒǤ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ —
•‘†ƒŒƒ—–‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹—”ƒ–†‡——Ž’”‹–‡Ž‡ˆ‘•ƒ—†‡—‹–‡”˜‹—ˆƒì£Á
ˆƒì£ ’‡–”— ƒ …Žƒ”‹ˆ‹…ƒ ”£•’—•—”‹Ž‡ǡ †ƒ…£ ‡•–‡ ‡˜‘‹‡ǡ •ƒ— ’‡–”— ƒ …”‡ç–‡ ”ƒ–ƒ †‡
”£•’—•Ǥ

B…ƒœ—Ž•‘†ƒŒ‡Ž‘”ƒ”‹ç‹ƒ–—…‹…Ÿ†•‘†ƒŒ‡Ž‡˜‘”ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡†”‡’–’”‹…‹’ƒŽƒ•—”•£
†‡†‘˜‡œ‹…ƒ”‡•’”‹Œ‹£‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒǡ˜‡ì‹†‘”‹•£…£—–ƒì‹•’”‹Œ‹•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡š–‡”’‡–”—
ƒ ˜£ ƒŒ—–ƒ …— ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ”‡ƒǡ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ƒ •ƒ— ƒƒŽ‹œƒ •‘†ƒŒ—Ž—‹Ǥ ‡‘”‹ ˜‡ì‹ †‡…‹†‡
‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒƒ…Š‡–‡‹…£–”‡‘ƒ‰‡ì‹‡†‡•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ

 50

Tabel 7.Sumar al tehnicilor de colectare a datelor cantitative

Tipul Aplicare Avantaje Dezavantaje
sondajului
Fa în fa ‡Ž‡ƒ‹’‘–”‹˜‹–‡ ƒ–‡†‡‘ÁƒŽ–£…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ǣ ‘•—£—Ž–‡”‡•—”•‡ç‹
’‡–”—‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡ƒ‹ Ǧ‘ƒ‹„—£Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ •—–ƒ‹…‘•–‹•‹–‘ƒ”‡Ǥ
‹…‹Ǥ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”ȋŽ‡’—–‡ì‹
‹•…—Ž†‡ƒ’ƒ”‹ì‹‡ƒ
”‡’‡–ƒȀ‡š’Ž‹…ƒȌǢ
 †‹•–‘”•‹—‹‹Ȁ’£”–‹‹”‹‹Ǥ
Ǧ疋ì‹…£ƒ—”£•’—•
‘ƒ‡‹‹’‘–”‹˜‹ì‹Ǣ
Ǧ’—–‡ì‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡
ƒ‹Ž—‰‹Ǥ
Telefon ‡Ž‡ƒ‹’‘–”‹˜‹–‡ ƒ–‡†‡‘…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡†‡•–—Ž†‡ f‹ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ…‘•—£—Ž–‡
’‡–”—‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡ƒ‹ „—£ǣ ”‡•—”•‡†ƒ”•—–ƒ‹
‹…‹ Ǧ‘ƒ‹„—£Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ ‹‡ˆ–‹‡†‡…Ÿ–‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‡
Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”ȋŽ‡’—–‡ì‹ ˆƒì£Áˆƒì£Ǥ
‡’—–‡ì‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹…ƒ
”‡’‡–ƒȀ‡š’Ž‹…ƒȌǢ
–‡Š‹…£†‡—”£”‹”‡ƒ ”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹
Ǧƒ˜‡ì‹烐•ƒ•£疋ì‹…£ƒ—
——‹•‘†ƒŒ†‡ƒ—–‘Ǧ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ‹•…—”–‡
”£•’—•‘ƒ‡‹‹’‘–”‹˜‹ì‹Ǥ
…‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡Ǥ ȋͳͲǦͳͷ‹ǤȌǤ
—–‘ƒ–£Ž—‡ƒ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹
‰£•‹–£Žƒ–‡Ž‡ˆ‘Ǥ
Auto-completare ‘Ž‘•‹–‡’‡–”— ‡Žƒ–‹˜‹‡ˆ–‹‡Ǥ ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡”‡†—•£ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǣ
pe ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡ƒ‹ƒ”‹ Ǧ—’—–‡ì‹ˆ‹•‹‰—”…£
—–‡ì‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡
hârtie/internet/ •ƒ—…Ÿ†‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–
ƒ‹Ž—‰‹Ǥ
email ƒ…‘’‡”£‘œ‘£ Áì‡Ž‡•‡Ǣ
‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…£˜ƒ•–£Ǥ š…Ž—†‡’£”–‹‹”‡ƒ Ǧ—’—–‡ì‹ˆ‹•‹‰—”…£ƒ—
‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”Ǥ ”£•’—•‘ƒ‡‹‹’‘–”‹˜‹ì‹Ǥ
‘Ž‘•‹–‡…Ÿ†ƒ˜‡ì‹—
‡çƒ–‹‘„‹‡†‡ˆ‹‹–Ǥ ƒ–‡—ç‘”†‡ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–Ǥ ‘ƒ–‡‰‡‡”ƒ‘”ƒ–£†‡
”£•’—•”‡†—•£Ǥ
–‹Ž‡…Ÿ†‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‡ 

ƒ”ˆ‹’”‡ƒ†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž‡ǡ
…‘•—£–‹’ç‹Ž‡
Ž‹’•‡ç–‡
…‘ˆ‹†‡ì‹ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒǤ



Informaii de baz privind chestionarul

Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž ‡•–‡ — ‹•–”—‡– †‡ •‘†ƒŒȀƒ…Š‡–£ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ– ’‡–”— ƒ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ’‡–”— ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…‡Ǥ ‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ‘ ‡–‘†£ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡–£ †‹ ’—…– †‡
˜‡†‡”‡ƒŽ…‘•–—”‹Ž‘”’‡–”—ƒƒŒ—‰‡Žƒ—‰”—’Žƒ”‰†‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž—‡‹œ‘‡
‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡ ˜ƒ•–‡Ǥ †‡•‡ƒǡ ƒ”‡ ”£•’—•—”‹ •–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œƒ–‡ǡ ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž Á…Ÿ– †ƒ–‡Ž‡ •—– ƒ‹
—ç‘”†‡ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–ǤB–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹’‘–ˆ‹…—”£•’—•†‡•…Š‹•
ç‹Á…Š‹•Ǥ

Întrebrile cu rspuns deschis •‘Ž‹…‹–£ ”‡•’‘†‡–—Ž—‹ •£ ˆ—”‹œ‡œ‡ ’”‘’”‹‹Ž‡

”£•’—•—”‹Ǥ£•’—•—”‹Ž‡ŽƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡•…Š‹•‡•—–ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡’”‹†‹˜‡”•‡…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹
†‡ †ƒ–‡ ȋ…‡Ž ƒ‹ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹† ƒƒŽ‹œƒ …‘ì‹—–—Ž—‹ …ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ ‡š’Ž‹…ƒ–£ ƒ‹ Œ‘• Á
ƒ•—ŽͶȌǤB–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡•…Š‹•‡•—–ƒ‹†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡”£•’—•ç‹ƒ”–”‡„—‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡…—ƒ–‡ì‹‡
Á…ƒ†”—Žƒ…Š‡–‡Ž‘”Ǥ
 51

Întrebrile cu rspuns închis•‘Ž‹…‹–£”‡•’‘†‡–—Ž—‹•£ƒŽ‡ƒ‰£”£•’—•—Ž†‹–”Ǧ‘‰ƒ£
†‡‘’ì‹—‹Ǥ—£”—Ž†‡”£•’—•—”‹ƒ”–”‡„—‹•£ˆ‹‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–Ǥš‹•–£ƒ‹—Ž–‡…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹
†‡Á–”‡„£”‹Á…Š‹•‡ǣ
x B–”‡„£”‹†‹Š‘–‘‹…‡Ȃ†‡‘„‹…‡‹”‡•’‘†‡–—Žƒ”‡†‘—£‘’ì‹—‹ȂÁ–”‡„£”‹†‡
–‹’—Ž†ƒȀ—ǡƒ†‡˜£”ƒ–ȀˆƒŽ•Ǣ
x B–”‡„£”‹…—ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡—Ž–‹’Ž£Ȃ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹ƒ—ƒ‹—Ž–†‡†‘—£‘’ì‹—‹Ǣ
x B–”‡„£”‹ •…ƒŽƒ–‡ Ȃ ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ …ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œ‡œ‡ ”£•’—•—”‹Ž‡ Žƒ
Á–”‡„£”‹…—•…ƒ”£†ƒ–£Ǣ

Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ ƒ–Ÿ– •–”—…–—”ƒ–‡ …Ÿ– ç‹ •‡‹Ǧ•–”—…–—”ƒ–‡ǡ Á ˆ—…싇 †‡ –‹’—Ž ç‹
•…‘’—”‹Ž‡ƒ…Š‡–‡‹Ǥ

 chestionar structurat ‡•–‡ ‘ •‡…˜‡ì‹‡”‡ †‡ Á–”‡„£”‹ ˆ—”‹œƒ–‡ …£–”‡ –‘ì‹
”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹ Á ƒ…‡Žƒç‹ ‘†Ǥ  ƒ…‡•–‡ …ƒœ—”‹ǡ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ Á…Š‹•‡ •ƒ— †‡•…Š‹•‡Ǥ
Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž •–”—…–—”ƒ– ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹– †”‡’– ‘ ‡–‘†£ †‡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ”‡ǡ ’”‹ –‡Ž‡ˆ‘
•ƒ—ƒ—–‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡Ǥ

 chestionar semi-structurat ‡•–‡ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ …‘’Ž‡–ƒ– Á …ƒ†”—Ž Á–ŸŽ‹”‹Ž‘” ˆƒì£ Á
ˆƒì£—†‡ƒ—‹–‡Á–”‡„£”‹ç‹•‡…˜‡ì‹ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‘”•—–•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–‡Á’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹ŽǡÁ–‹’…‡
ƒŽ–‡Ž‡ƒ’ƒ”’‡£•—”£…‡•‡†‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£‹–‡”˜‹—ŽǤ

Elaborarea unui chestionar


Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒ ——‹ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ” ‡•–‡ — ’”‘…‡• …‘’Ž‡šǤ ‡•‹‰—Ž …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹ ’‘ƒ–‡
ƒ˜‡ƒ — ‹’ƒ…– ƒ•—’”ƒ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹ ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹Ž‘” †‡ ƒ ”£•’—†‡Ǥ B ƒ…‡•– •‡•ǡ
‡•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–•£•‡‹ƒÁ…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡…—ƒ–‡ì‹‡‘†—ŽÁ…ƒ”‡˜ƒƒ”£–ƒ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Žç‹
Ž—‰‹‡ƒƒ…‡•–—‹ƒǡ’”‡…—ç‹…—˜‡ì‹ƒ”ƒŒƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡Ǥ

Bƒ‹–‡†‡ƒ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ‹•–”—‡–—Ž†‡ƒ…Š‡–£ƒ”–”‡„—‹•£˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹†ƒ…£—‡š‹•–£—
…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”•‹‹Žƒ”ç‹•£ÁŽƒ†ƒ’–ƒì‹Žƒ‡˜‘‹Ž‡’”‘’”‹‹Ǥ…‡•–Ž—…”—˜ƒ‡…‘‘‹•‹–‹’ç‹
˜ƒ—ç—”ƒ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹ǤŽ–ˆ‡Žǡ˜ƒ–”‡„—‹•£‡Žƒ„‘”ƒì‹’”‘’”‹—Ž‹•–”—‡–
†‡ ƒ…Š‡–£Ǥ Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ ‹…Ž—†‡ ‡Ž‡‡–‡Ž‡ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‡ Á –ƒ„‡Ž—Ž †‡ ƒ‹
Œ‘•Ǥ

Tabel 8.Structuri tipice ale unui chestionar

Scrisoare de intenie  …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ” ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£ ƒ‹„£ ‘ •…”‹•‘ƒ”‡ †‡ ‹–‡ì‹‡ Á …ƒ”‡ •‡
‡š’Ž‹…£Á‘†…Žƒ”ǣ
Ǧ–‹–Ž—Žç‹•…‘’—Žƒ…Š‡–‡‹Ǣ
Ǧˆ‹ƒìƒ–‘”—Žƒ…Š‡–‡‹Ǣ
Ǧ•‡Ž‡…싃”‡•’‘†‡ì‹Ž‘”Ǣ
Ǧ…‘ˆ‹†‡ì‹ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘”‘ˆ‡”‹–‡Ǣ
Ǧ–‡”‡‡Ž‡Ž‹‹–£’‡–”—Áƒ’‘‹‡”‡ƒ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹ç‹
Ǧ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡…‘–ƒ…–Ǥ
ƒ–ƒ †‡ ”£•’—• Žƒ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ” •Ǧƒ” ’—–‡ƒ •£ ˆ‹‡ ƒ‹ ”‹†‹…ƒ–£ †ƒ…£
•…”‹•‘ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ •‡ƒ–£ †‡ ‘ ’‡”•‘ƒ£ ‘ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ£ †‡ Žƒ — ‹˜‡Ž ƒ‹
ÁƒŽ–Ǥ
 52

Introducere în Bƒ‹–‡†‡ƒ”ƒŒƒ”‡ƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”ǡˆ—”‹œƒì‹—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ǣ
chestionar Ǧ •…—”––‹–Ž—’‡–”—…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”Ǣ
Ǧ …‘’—Ž…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹Ȃ†‡…‡†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒì‹ƒ…Š‡–ƒç‹…—˜‡ì‹
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ƒ…Š‡–‡‹ ȋ‡•–‡ ‘ •…—”–£ ˜‡”•‹—‡ ƒ •…”‹•‘”‹‹
†‡‹–‡ì‹‡ȌǢ
Ǧ •–”—…ì‹—‹ …Žƒ”‡ ’”‹˜‹† ‘†—Ž †‡ …‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡ ƒ
…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹Ǥ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ †ƒ…£ ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹ Á…‡”…—‹‡•…
”£•’—•—”‹Ž‡ǡ•ƒ—†ƒ…£ƒ”–”‡„—‹•£ˆ—”‹œ‡œ‡…‘‡–ƒ”‹‹Ǣ
Ǧ Ÿ––‹’‡•–‡‡…‡•ƒ”’‡–”—ƒ…‘’Ž‡–ƒ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—ŽǤ
–”‘†—…‡”‡ƒ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹‡•–‡—”‡œ—ƒ–ƒŽ•…”‹•‘”‹‹†‡‹–‡ì‹‡
†ƒ”‡”‹–£•£ˆ—”‹œƒì‹ƒ…‡•–‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‹‘—ǡ†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡•…”‹•‘”‹Ž‡
†‡‹–‡ì‹‡—‡‘”‹•—–†‡•’”‹•‡†‡…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”Ǥ
Aranjarea
”—’ƒì‹Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡’‡–‡‡•‹‹Žƒ”‡ȋ•ƒ—ƒ…‘Ž‘—†‡‡•–‡—’”‘…‡•
întrebrilor ‹’Ž‹…ƒ– Á ˆ—…싇 †‡ ‡–ƒ’‡Ž‡ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹Ȍ ’‡–”— ƒ ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ — ˆŽ—š
Ž‘‰‹…Ǥ ƒ…£ ƒ˜‡ì‹ ‡˜‘‹‡ †‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ †‡ „ƒœ£ •ƒ— ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡ ȋ‡šǤ
†‡•’”‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‡Ȍǡ ’Žƒ•ƒì‹ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ Á”—†‹–‡ Žƒ Á…‡’—–ǡ Á–”Ǧ‘
•‡…ì‹—‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–£Ǥ
Ÿ–‡˜ƒ’‘–—”‹’‡–”—ƒ”ƒŒƒ”‡ƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”ǣ
Ǧ ‘”—Žƒì‹‘Á–”‡„ƒ”‡ƒ•–ˆ‡ŽÁ…Ÿ–•£Á…ƒ’£’‡ƒ…‡‡ƒç‹’ƒ‰‹£
ȋ‡˜‹–ƒì‹Á–‘ƒ”…‡”‡ƒ—‡‹’ƒ‰‹‹Á‹ŒŽ‘…—Ž—‡‹Á–”‡„£”‹ȌǢ
Ǧ —”‹œƒì‹ ‹•–”—…ì‹—‹ …Žƒ”‡ …— ’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ ‘†—Ž Á …ƒ”‡
–”‡„—‹‡”£•’—•ŽƒÁ–”‡„ƒ”‡ȋ†‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡ†ƒ…£”‡•’‘†‡–—Ž
’‘ƒ–‡ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ †‹ …Ÿ–‡˜ƒ ‘’ì‹—‹ ˆ—”‹œƒ–‡ǡ ”—‰ƒì‹Ǧ‹ •£
Á…‡”…—‹ƒ•…£ ”£•’—•—”‹Ž‡ •ƒ— •£ „‹ˆ‡œ‡ ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ ”£•’—• …ƒ”‡
•‡ƒ’Ž‹…£ȌǢ
Ǧ ”‰ƒ‹œƒ”‡ƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”ç‹”£•’—•—”‹Ž‘”’‡—ˆŽ—š˜‡”–‹…ƒŽǤ
˜‹–ƒì‹•£’Žƒ•ƒì‹”£•’—•—Ž…Š‹ƒ”ŽŸ‰£Á–”‡„ƒ”‡Ǣ
Ǧ £ ‡š‹•–‡ •’ƒì‹— •—ˆ‹…‹‡– ’‡–”— …‘‡–ƒ”‹‹ †—’£ Á–”‡„ƒ”‡ǡ
†ƒ…£Ž‡•‘Ž‹…‹–ƒì‹Ǣ
Ǧ ”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹ ”£•’—•—”‹ ”‡’‡–ƒ–‡ Á ƒ…‡‡ƒç‹ ‘”†‹‡ Á –‘ƒ–‡
Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡Ǥ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ †ƒ…£ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹ Dz†ƒdz ç‹ Dz—dzǡ —”ƒì‹
‡”‡—ƒ…‡‡ƒç‹•‡…˜‡ì‹ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡Ǣ
Ǧ ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹ …‘Ž‘ƒ‡Ȁ”Ÿ†—”‹ —Ž–‹’Ž‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ‡˜‹–ƒ
”‡’‡–‹–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”Ǥ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ †ƒ…£ †‘”‹ì‹ •£
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒì‹‘†—ŽÁ…ƒ”‡†‹˜‡”ç‹’ƒç‹ƒ‹’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡
†‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹ •—– ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒì‹ Á …ƒ†”—Ž —‡‹ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹ǡ
–”‡„—‹‡ •£ ƒ”ƒŒƒì‹ –‘ì‹ ’ƒç‹‹ ƒ…‡•–—‹ ’”‘…‡• Á …‘Ž‘ƒ‡ †‡
–ƒ„‡Ž˜‡”–‹…ƒŽ‡ç‹•…£”‹†‡£•—”ƒ”‡Á”Ÿ†—”‹‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ‡Ǣ
Ǧ ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹ — Ž‹„ƒŒ •‹’Ž— ç‹ …Žƒ”Ǥ ˜‹–ƒì‹ ’‡ …Ÿ– ’‘•‹„‹Ž
’”‘’‘œ‹ì‹‹Ž‡Ž—‰‹ǡŒƒ”‰‘—Žǡƒ„”‡˜‹‡”‹Ž‡ǡ•ƒ—…—˜‹–‡–‡Š‹…‡Ǥ
Întrebri ƒ…£ †‘”‹ì‹ •£ ƒˆŽƒì‹ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ †‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡ ȋ˜Ÿ”•–£ǡ ‰‡ǡ ‡–‹‡ǡ
demografice ‡†—…ƒì‹‡ ‡–…ǤȌ …— ’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹ǡ ƒ–—…‹ ƒ†”‡•ƒì‹ ƒ…‡•–‡
Á–”‡„£”‹Žƒˆ‹ƒŽǤ
Alte comentarii —”‹œƒì‹ •’ƒì‹— Žƒ ˆ‹ƒŽ—Ž Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘” ’‡–”— ƒ •‘Ž‹…‹–ƒ
”‡•’‘†‡–—Ž—‹•£ƒ†ƒ—‰‡ƒŽ–‡…‘‡–ƒ”‹‹Ǥ
V mulumim — —‹–ƒì‹ •£ —Žì—‹ì‹ ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹Ž‘” ’‡–”— …‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡ƒ
…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹Ǥ
 53

Ce se întâmpl apoi ƒ ˆ‹ƒŽ—Ž …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹ ƒ†—…‡ì‹ǦŽ‡ ƒ‹–‡ †‡ –‡”‡—Ž Ž‹‹–£ †‡
cu chestionarul Áƒ’‘‹‡”‡ ƒŽ ƒ…‡•–—‹ƒ ç‹ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡ †‡ …‘–ƒ…– ȋ—‡ǡ ƒ†”‡•£ǡ
–‡Ž‡ˆ‘ǡ‡ƒ‹ŽȌǤ
B…ƒœ—ŽÁ…ƒ”‡†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒì‹‘ƒ…Š‡–£Áˆ‘”ƒ––‹’£”‹–ǡƒ•‹‰—”ƒì‹Ǧ˜£
…£‹…Ž—†‡ì‹—’Ž‹…’”‡Ǧ’Ž£–‹–…—ƒ†”‡•ƒ‡š’‡†‹–‘”—Ž—‹–‹’£”‹–£Ǥ


Testarea chestionarului

Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‡†‹ƒ…Š‡–‡–”‡„—‹‡–‡•–ƒ–‡Áƒ‹–‡†‡ƒˆ‹–”‹‹•‡”‡•’‘†‡ì‹Ž‘”’‡–”—
ƒˆ‹•‹‰—”‹…£Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡•—–—ç‘”†‡Ž‡…–—”ƒ–ç‹Áì‡Ž‡•Ǥ‡ƒƒ‹„—£‡–‘†£†‡ƒǦŽ
–‡•–ƒ ‡•–‡ •£ Á–”‡„ƒì‹ …Ÿ–‡˜ƒ †‹ ƒ…‡Ž‡ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡ …ƒ”‡ —”‡ƒœ£ •£ …‘’Ž‡–‡œ‡
…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—ŽǤƒ…£—†‘”‹ì‹…ƒƒ…‡•–‡ƒ•£˜ƒ†£…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—ŽÁƒ‹–‡†‡ƒˆ‹–‡”‹ƒ–ǡ
ƒ–—…‹’—–‡ì‹”—‰ƒ’‡…‹‡˜ƒ†‹–”Ǧ—’”‘‰”ƒ•‹‹Žƒ”•ƒ—’‡…‘Ž‡‰‹‹†˜•Ǥ…ƒ”‡—ƒ—
ˆ‘•– ‹’Ž‹…ƒì‹ Á ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ƒ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹ǡ †ƒ” …—‘•… ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ •ƒ— ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž •—’—•
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ

Ÿ–‡˜ƒ•—‰‡•–‹‹—–‹Ž‡’‡–”—–‡•–ƒ”‡ƒ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹ǣ


Tiprii numrul solicitat de exemplare ale chestionarului – unul pentru fiecare

persoan i unul pentru dvs.
Alegei o sal linitit i rugai persoanele s completeze chestionarul, permiându-le
s comenteze întrebrile cu voce tare.
Lsai-i s treac prin întregul chestionar.
Lsai-i s adreseze întrebri clarificatoare (dac solicit asisten, asta este o
indicaie c trebuie s îmbuntii chestionarul).



‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ –‡•–ƒ”‡ ”‘Ž—Ž †˜•Ǥ ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ Á•‡ƒ ’‡ ‡š‡’Žƒ”—Ž †˜•Ǥ
—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ǣ
x †‡ƒ—ƒ’£”—–†‹ˆ‹…—Ž–£ì‹ÁÁì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”Ǣ
x †‡—ƒˆ‘•–…Žƒ”•‡•—Ž…—˜‹–‡Ž‘”Ǣ
x †‡Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡•ƒ—Áì‡Ž‡•—Ž…—˜‹–‡Ž‘”ƒˆ‘•–‰”‡ç‹–Áì‡Ž‡•ǡ•ƒ—
x †‡”‡•’‘†‡–—Žƒ…”‡œ—–…£‹Ǧƒ”ˆ‹†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž•£‘„싐£‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹ƒǤ

—–‡ì‹†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ‘”‹…Ÿ–‡”—†‡†‡–‡•–ƒ”‡†‘”‹ì‹ǡ’Ÿ£…Ÿ†‘„싐‡ì‹—”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–
•ƒ–‹•ˆ£…£–‘”Ǥ

Rata de rspuns

ƒ–ƒ†‡”£•’—•ƒƒ…Š‡–‡‹’‘ƒ–‡‹ˆŽ—‡ìƒÁ‘†•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‡‹Ǥ
ƒ…£”ƒ–ƒ†‡”£•’—•‡•–‡”‡†—•£ǡ‹˜‡Ž—Ž†‡…”‡†‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‡‹’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹”‡†—•Ǥ
•–‡†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡’”‡…‹œƒ–…ƒ”‡ƒ”ˆ‹”ƒ–ƒ†‡”£•’—•ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒ†‡’‹†‡
†‡ •—„‹‡…–—Ž ”‡•’‡…–‹˜ǡ †‡ •…‘’—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ç‹ †‡ ‡˜‘‹Ž‡ ’”‹˜‹† ƒ…—”ƒ–‡ì‡ƒǤ B ‘†
‘„‹ç—‹–ǡ …‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž ˜ƒ …‘•‹†‡”ƒ ‘ ”ƒ–£ †‡ ”£•’—• …ƒ ˆ‹‹† •ƒ–‹•ˆ£…£–‘ƒ”‡ †ƒ…£
ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒ•‡ƒˆŽ£Á–”‡͸Ͳç‹ͻͲŽƒ•—–£Ǥƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ‹”‡†—•‡‡…‡•‹–£†‡‘„‹…‡‹•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‹†‡
 54

—”£”‹”‡ ’‡–”— ƒ …”‡ç–‡ ƒ…‡•– ‹˜‡Ž •ƒ—ǡ †ƒ…£ — ‡•–‡ …ƒœ—Žǡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”
ƒ…Š‡–‡‹ 싐Ÿ† •‡ƒƒ †‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž‡Ž‡ Ž‹‹–£”‹ —Ž–‡”‹‘ƒ”‡Ǥ Bƒ‹–‡ †‡ ƒ –”‹‹–‡
…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž…£–”‡”‡•’‘†‡ì‹ǡƒ”ˆ‹—–‹Ž•£•–ƒ„‹Ž‹ì‹”ƒ–ƒ†‡”£•’—•’‡…ƒ”‡†‘”‹ì‹•£‘
”‡ƒŽ‹œƒì‹ç‹•£’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‹Ž‡†‡—”£”‹”‡ǡÁ…ƒœ—ŽÁ…ƒ”‡—˜£ƒ–‹‰‡ì‹싐–ƒǤ

ƒ…–‘”‹‹…ƒ”‡‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡ƒœ£”ƒ–ƒ†‡”£•’—••—–ǡ†—’£…——”‡ƒœ£ǣ
x ‘”ƒ–—Ž…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹ǤB–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ƒ”ƒŒƒ–‡’”‘•–•ƒ—…‡Ž‡†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡Áì‡Ž‡••‡
’‘–†‘˜‡†‹†‡•…—”ƒŒƒ–‘ƒ”‡’‡–”—”‡•’‘†‡ì‹Á…‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡ƒ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹Ǣ
x —‰‹‡ƒ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹Ǥ ‡Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ •—– ’”‡ƒ Ž—‰‹ ƒ— — ”‹•… ƒ‹ ƒ”‡ •£
‘„싐£‘”ƒ–£”‹†‹…ƒ–£†‡‘Ǧ”£•’—••ƒ—•£ˆ‹‡…‘’Ž‡–ƒ–‡†‘ƒ”’ƒ”싃ŽǢ
x ˆ‹Ž‹‡”‡ƒ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹Ž‘”Ǥ†‡•‡ƒǡ‘Ž‡‰£–—”£•–”Ÿ•£ƒ’‘–‡ì‹ƒŽ‹Ž‘””‡•’‘†‡ì‹
…— ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ •ƒ— ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž Á …ƒ—œ£ ȋ‡šǤ —–‹Ž‹œƒ–‘”‹ †‡ •‡”˜‹…‹‹ǡ ƒ‰ƒŒƒì‹ǡ
‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹ •—„‘”†‘ƒ–‡Ȍ ‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£ ‘ ”ƒ–£ ƒ‹ ƒ”‡ †‡ ”£•’—•Ǥ ‹’‘–”‹˜£ǡ
”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹…ƒ”‡—ƒ—‹…‹‘Ž‡‰£–—”£†‹”‡…–£•ƒ—‹–‡”‡•…—•—„‹‡…–—Ž•‡˜‘”
•‹ì‹ƒ‹’—싐†‘”‹–‘”‹•ƒ—ƒ‰ƒŒƒì‹Áˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ——‹”£•’—•Ǣ
x –”ƒ–‡‰‹‹Ž‡ †‡ —”£”‹”‡Ǥ B …ƒœ—Ž ƒ…Š‡–‡‹ ƒ—–‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡ǡ Á …ƒœ—Ž …£”‡‹ƒ
”ƒ–‡Ž‡ †‡ ”£•’—• •—– …‡Ž‡ ƒ‹ ”‡†—•‡ǡ ƒ” –”‡„—‹ Ž—ƒ–‡ Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ Á
’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹Ž•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‹†‡—”£”‹”‡ǡ…—ƒ”ˆ‹‡‡–‘Ǧ—”‹Ž‡’”‹‡ƒ‹Žǡ’‘ç–£•ƒ—
–‡Ž‡ˆ‘Ǥ

Câteva sugestii pentru desfurarea unei anchete:

Discutai i ajungei la un consens în cadrul echipei dvs. cu privire la metodele de

anchet cele mai adecvate nevoilor i posibilitilor dvs.
Luai în considerare dac avei nevoie de asisten în ceea ce privete organizarea
i analiza anchetei.
Gândii-v dac este nevoie s externalizai ancheta sau pri ale acesteia ctre
companii specializate.
Verificai dac eantionul int este unul reprezentativ în baza criteriilor stabilite.
Pregtii un chestionar i un test asupra unui grup redus de persoane relevante
pentru programul dvs.
Încercai s limitai numrul de întrebri i în special numrul de întrebri
deschise din chestionar. Întrebrile cu rspuns închis genereaz, de obicei, cele
mai bune rate de rspuns.
Dac este nevoie, pregtii o scrisoare de intenie semnat de o persoan de la un
nivel oficial înalt.
Stabilii inta anchetei în termenii ratei de rspuns.
Acordai timp suficient pentru a rspunde la întrebri.
Planificai resursele pentru urmrirea anchetei intrrilor de date.
Procesai datele i utilizai rezultatele anchetei pentru a sprijini evenimente tipice
sau excepionale.
 55

Metode calitative de colectare a datelor

‡–‘†‡Ž‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”’‡”‹–‘„싐‡”‡ƒ†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ
ƒ•’‡…–‡ƒ‹’”‘ˆ—†‡ǡ…—ƒ”ˆ‹†‡…‡‘ƒ‡‹Ž‘”Ž‡Ǧƒ’Ž£…—–Ȁ—Ž‡Ǧƒ’Ž£…—–’”‘‰”ƒ—Žǡ
†‡ …‡ …”‡† ‡‹ …£ ƒ ˆ‘•–Ȁ— ƒ ˆ‘•– — ’”‘‰”ƒ †‡ •—……‡• •ƒ— …‡ ƒ—‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ˆ£…—–
’‡–”—ƒˆ‹Á„—£–£ì‹–Ǥ

B…ƒ†”—Žƒ…‡•–—‹ƒ—ƒŽ•—–‹–”‘†—•‡…‡Ž‡ƒ‹ˆ”‡…˜‡–—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‡‡–‘†‡ǣ
x –‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‡ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–‡ȋ’‘–ˆ‹•‡‹Ǧ•–”—…–—”ƒ–‡Ȍ
x ‘…—•‰”—’—”‹
x ‹œ‹–‡ŽƒˆƒìƒŽ‘…—Ž—‹ȋ’‡–‡”‡ȌǤ

Interviurile aprofundate

Interviul aprofundat‡•–‡—†‹ƒŽ‘‰Á–”‡‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”ç‹‘’‡”•‘ƒ£†‹‰”—’—Ž싐–£ǡ
…— •…‘’—Ž †‡ ƒ ‘„싐‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ …— ’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ ‘’‹‹‹Ž‡ǡ ƒ–‹–—†‹‹Ž‡ ç‹ ‘†—”‹Ž‡ †‡
…‘’‘”–ƒ‡– ƒŽ‡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹Ž‘” Žƒ ’”‘‰”ƒǤ B …ƒ†”—Ž ——‹ ‹–‡”˜‹— ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡
‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‡ •—– ”—‰ƒ–‡ •£Ǧç‹ ‡š’”‹‡ ƒ‹ †‡‰”ƒ„£ ‘’‹‹‹Ž‡ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ
‡˜‡‹‡–‡Ž‘” †‹ ˜‹ƒìƒ ”‡ƒŽ£ †‡…Ÿ– •£ ˆƒ…£ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œ£”‹Ǥ …‡•–‡ƒ ”ƒ”‡‘”‹ ‹…Ž—†
Á–”‡„£”‹’”‡Ǧ†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‡ç‹†‡‘„‹…‡‹’‡”‹–‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”—Ž—‹•£ƒ…‘’‡”‡Á†‡–ƒŽ‹—
•—„‹‡…–‡ …ƒ”‡ — ’‘– ˆ‹ ƒ…‘’‡”‹–‡ ’”‹–”Ǧ‘ ƒ…Š‡–£Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ •‡ ”‡…‘ƒ†£
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ ——‹ ‰Š‹† †‡ •—„‹‡…–‡Ȁ–‡‡ ’‡–”— ƒ …‘†—…‡ †‹•…—싃 ç‹ ’‡–”— ƒ ‘„싐‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡‡…‡•ƒ”‡Ǥ

–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‡ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–‡†‡‘„‹…‡‹•—–ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ–‡’‡–”—ƒ†‹•…—–ƒ…—ƒ…‡‹‘ƒ‡‹…ƒ”‡
ƒ— ‘ ƒ‰‡†£ †‡ Ž—…”— ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ Á…£”…ƒ–£ǡ ˆ—…ì‹‹ ÁƒŽ–‡ •ƒ— …Ÿ† •—„‹‡…–—Ž ‡•–‡ ——Ž
†‡Ž‹…ƒ– ç‹ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡ ‡œ‹–£ •£ Áç‹ ‡š’”‹‡ ‘’‹‹‹Ž‡ Á–”Ǧ— ‰”—’ ƒ‹ ƒ”‡ †‡ ‘ƒ‡‹Ǥ
—–—–‹Ž‡ǡ†‡ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡÁ•‹–—ƒì‹‹Ž‡Á…ƒ”‡‡š‹•–£——£””‡Žƒ–‹˜”‡†—•†‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡
…ƒ”‡ ’‘– ˆ—”‹œƒ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‘ƒ”‡ Á Ž‡‰£–—”£ …— ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ç‹ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‡
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ

‡Ž ƒ‹ „‹‡ ‡•–‡ …ƒ ‹–‡”˜‹—Ž •£ ˆ‹‡ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ– †‡ …£–”‡ ‘ ’‡”•‘ƒ£ …ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘•–
‹’Ž‹…ƒ–£ Á ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ …ƒ”‡ Áì‡Ž‡‰‡ „‹‡ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡ ç‹ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ •–‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž …ƒ ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ ’‡”•‘ƒ£ •£ ˆ‹‡ …‹‡˜ƒ †‹ ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ†‡•‡ƒǡ•‡ƒç–‡ƒ’–£†‡Žƒ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹•£ˆ‹‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡„‹‡†‘…—‡–ƒ–‡ǡ‹ƒ”
ˆƒ’–—Ž …£ ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”—Ž ‡•–‡ ‘ ’‡”•‘ƒ£ …ƒ”‡ǡ Žƒ ”Ÿ†—Ž •£—ǡ ƒ”‡ …—‘ç–‹ì‡ Á
†‘‡‹—ǡ˜ƒ”‡†—…‡”‹•…—Ž†‡ƒƒ’£”‡ƒ†‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡ƒ”‹Á–”‡‹˜‡Ž—”‹Ž‡†‡…—‘ç–‹ì‡ƒŽ‡
‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”—Ž—‹ç‹‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–—Ž—‹ǤŽ–‘–‹˜ƒ”ˆ‹…£‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‡ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–‡’‡”‹–
‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”—Ž—‹ •£ ‹–‡”ƒ…ì‹‘‡œ‡ …— —–‹Ž‹œƒ–‘”‹‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ ç‹ ‡ŽȀ‡ƒ ’‘ƒ–‡ –‡•–ƒ
‹†‡‹Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ •‡ ˆ‘”‡ƒœ£ ’‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ B ƒ…‡Žƒç‹ –‹’ǡ
‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”—Ž–”‡„—‹‡•£ƒ‹„£„—‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹†‡‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ”‡ç‹–”‡„—‹‡•£’‘ƒ–£•–ƒ„‹Ž‹
—‡†‹—’”‘’‹…‡Á…ƒ”‡”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹•£•‡•‹–£…‘ˆ‘”–ƒ„‹ŽǤ‡‘”‹ǡˆƒ…–‘”‹’”‡…—
˜Ÿ”•–ƒǡ‰‡—Žǡƒì‹‘ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ’‘–ˆ‹ǡ†‡ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ‹’‘”–ƒì‹’‡–”—”‡•’‘†‡–Ǥ

 ƒŽ– ƒ•’‡…– …ƒ”‡ –”‡„—‹‡ ”‡œ‘Ž˜ƒ– ‡•–‡ …‡Ž ƒŽ Á”‡‰‹•–”£”‹‹ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ‘„싐—–‡ Á —”ƒ
‹–‡”˜‹—Ž—‹Ǥ…‡•–‡ƒ’‘–ˆ‹Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‡ˆ‹‡’‡…ƒ•‡–£ˆ‹‡”‡œ—ƒ–‡•—„ˆ‘”ƒ‘–‹ì‡Ž‘”
•…”‹•‡Ǥ‡–”—Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ”‡ƒƒ—†‹‘‡•–‡‡…‡•ƒ”£‘„싐‡”‡ƒ’‡”‹•‹—‹‹”‡•’‘†‡–—Ž—‹
ç‹ ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ”‡ƒ …‘ˆ‹†‡ì‹ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘”Ǥ ”‹…—ǡ —‡‘”‹ Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ”‡ƒ ’‡ …ƒ•‡–£
’‘ƒ–‡‹ˆŽ—‡ìƒ‹–‡”˜‹—Žç‹…Š‹ƒ”…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘”ǡ†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹’‘–ˆ‹
ƒ‹’—싐†‡•…Š‹ç‹ç‹•‹…‡”‹Á”£•’—•—”‹Ž‡Ž‘”Ǥ
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ƒŽ–£‘†ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡†‡Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”‡•–‡Ž—ƒ”‡ƒ†‡‘–‹ì‡†‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–‡’‡’ƒ”…—”•—Ž
‹–‡”˜‹—Ž—‹ ç‹ …Žƒ”‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ ‹‡†‹ƒ– †—’£ ‹–‡”˜‹—Ǥ •–‡ —–‹Ž£ ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† •—–
‡…‡•ƒ”‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡”ƒ’‹†‡•ƒ—…Ÿ†•—„‹‡…–—Ž‹–‡”˜‹—Ž—‹—‡•–‡——Žˆ‘ƒ”–‡…‘’Ž‹…ƒ–Ǥ
‡œƒ˜ƒ–ƒŒ—Žƒ…‡•–‡‹ƒ„‘”†£”‹‡•–‡ˆƒ’–—Ž…£‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”—Ž–”‡„—‹‡•£˜‘”„‡ƒ•…£ç‹•£
‹ƒ‘–‹ì‡Áƒ…‡Žƒç‹–‹’ǡ…‡‡ƒ…‡’‡–”——Ž–‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡‡•–‡—Ž—…”—†‹ˆ‹…‹ŽǤ•‘Ž—싇
ƒ” ˆ‹ •£ ‡š‹•–‡ †‘‹ ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”‹ǡ †ƒ” ƒ•–ƒ ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ †—…‡ Žƒ …”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ …‘•–—”‹Ž‘”
’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ

Focus grupurile

Focus grupurile …‘„‹£ –”£•£–—”‹Ž‡ ‹–‡”˜‹—Ž—‹ ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ– ç‹ ƒŽ ‘„•‡”˜ƒì‹‡‹Ǥ Ž‡
…‘…‡–”‡ƒœ£—‰”—’‹…†‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡ƒ•‡££–‘ƒ”‡’‡–”—ƒ…‘‡–ƒç‹Á’£”–£ç‹
‹†‡‹…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ’”‘‰”ƒȋ†‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹ǡƒƒ‰‡”‹ǡ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”‹ƒ‹„‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹Ž‘”
•‘…‹ƒŽ‡ǡ ’ƒ…‹‡ì‹ ‡–…ǤȌǤ ‡Š‹…ƒ ‹’Ž‹…£ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ”‡ƒ †‹•…—ì‹‹Ž‘” Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‰”—’—Ž—‹ǡ
‹–‡”ƒ…ì‹—‡ç‹ƒƒŽ‹œ£ƒ…‘’‘”–ƒ‡–‡Ž‘”狃–‹–—†‹‹Ž‘”’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‘”†‹‰”—’Ǥ

‘…—• ‰”—’—”‹Ž‡ •‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‡•… ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† ‡•–‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž •£ •–”Ÿ‰‹ — ‰”—’ †‡ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡
ƒ•‡££–‘ƒ”‡ ç‹ …ƒ”‡ ’‘– …‘‡–ƒ ƒ•—’”ƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ ç‹ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ
…‡•–‡ƒ•—–—–‹Ž‡Á•’‡…‹ƒŽ…Ÿ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž†‘”‡ç–‡•£ƒˆŽ‡‹†‡‹Ž‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹Ž‘”…—
•…‘’—Ž†‡ƒǣ
x ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒç‹†‡ˆ‹‹’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡†‹’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹
x ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ’—…–‡Ž‡ˆ‘”–‡ǡ•Žƒ„‡ç‹”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹
x ‘„싐‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ç‹‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‡’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹
x ‰‡‡”ƒ‹†‡‹‘‹

ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ†£—‰ƒ–£ †‡ ˆ‘…—• ‰”—’ ‡•–‡ …£ ’‡”‹–‡ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ…‡Ž—‹ƒç‹ ƒ•’‡…– †‹
†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ç‹’‡”‹–‡…£—–ƒ”‡ƒ—‘”‘–‹˜‡’‡–”—…ƒ”‡Ž—…”—”‹Ž‡‡”‰Á–”Ǧ
— ƒ—‡ ˆ‡Ž Á ’”‘‰”ƒǡ –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒ Á–”Ǧ— ‘† †‹ƒ‹… …‡ — ƒ” ˆ‹ ’‘•‹„‹Ž Á
…ƒ†”—Ž——‹‹–‡”˜‹—‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǤ

‡ †‡ ƒŽ–£ ’ƒ”–‡ǡ ˆ‘…—• ‰”—’—”‹Ž‡ ’”‘†—…–‹˜‡ ‡…‡•‹–£ ‘†‡”ƒ–‘”‹ …‘’‡–‡ì‹Ǥ ‘Ž—Ž
——‹ ‘†‡”ƒ–‘” ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ ‡ì‹‡ †‹•…—싃 ’‡ ˆ£‰ƒç—Ž …‘”‡…– ˆ£”£ ƒ Á–”‡”—’‡ ˆŽ—š—Ž
‹†‡‹Ž‘”ç‹…‘‡–ƒ”‹‹Ž‘”Ǥ‘†‡”ƒ–‘”—Ž˜ƒ–”‡„—‹•£ˆ—”‹œ‡œ‡‘Ž‹•–£…—•—„‹‡…–‡Ž‡…ƒ”‡
–”‡„—‹‡ ƒ…‘’‡”‹–‡ †‡ ˆ‘…—• ‰”—’ǡ †ƒ” — ‡š‹•–£ ‹…‹— ‘†‡Ž ’”‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹– †‡ —”ƒ–Ǥ
‘†‡”ƒ–‘”—Žƒ”–”‡„—‹•£”£•’—†£Žƒ’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡”‹†‹…ƒ–‡†‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹ƒ•‹‰—”Ÿ†—Ǧ
•‡ Á ƒ…‡Žƒç‹ –‹’ …£ •—„‹‡…–‡Ž‡ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹–‡ ‹‹ì‹ƒŽ •—– ƒ…‘’‡”‹–‡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž †‹•…—ì‹‹Ž‘”Ǥ
…‡•– Ž—…”— ’‡”‹–‡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹Ž‘” •£ •‡•‹œ‡œ‡ ’”‘„Ž‡‡ …ƒ”‡ — ƒ— ˆ‘•– Ž—ƒ–‡ Á
…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ Á ’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹ŽǤ ‘†‡”ƒ–‘”—Ž –”‡„—‹‡ǡ †‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ •£ •‡ ƒ•‹‰—”‡ …£ –‘ì‹
‡„”‹‹‰”—’—Ž—‹ƒ—烐•ƒ†‡ƒ…‘–”‹„—‹ç‹…£†‹•…—싃—‡•–‡†‘‹ƒ–£†‡—•‹‰—”
’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–Ǥ—£”—Žƒ†‡…˜ƒ–†‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹‡•–‡Á–”‡ͷç‹ͺç‹–‹’—Ž†‡†‹•…—ì‹‹†‡
‘„‹…‡‹‡•–‡†‡Žƒ‘‘”£Œ—£–ƒ–‡’Ÿ£Žƒ†‘—£‘”‡Ǥ

ƒ ”‡‰—Ž£ǡ †‹•…—ì‹‹Ž‡ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ˆ‘…—• ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘” •—– Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‡ ç‹ •‡ †‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£
ƒƒŽ‹œ‡—Ž–‡”‹‘ƒ”‡’‡–”—ƒ‘„싐‡‘’‹‹‹Ž‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹Ž‘”ǡ‘†‡Ž‡Ž‡†‡…‘’‘”–ƒ‡–
•ƒ—†‡˜‹ƒì‹‹‡–…Ǥ
 57

Vizitele la faa locului

BŽ‘…†‡•£•‡„ƒœ‡œ‡†‘ƒ”’‡”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡Ž‡”‡•’‘†‡ì‹Ž‘”•ƒ—’‡†ƒ–‡Ž‡‹•–‹–—ì‹‘ƒŽ‡ǡ
—Žì‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹ ’”‡ˆ‡”£ •£ ˆƒ…£ ’”‘’”‹‹Ž‡ ‘„•‡”˜ƒì‹‹Ǥ ‹œ‹–‡Ž‡ Žƒ ˆƒìƒ Ž‘…—Ž—‹ •—– †‡
‘„‹…‡‹’Ž£—‹–‡’‡–”—ƒ…‘Ž‡…–ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‹”‡…–‡†‡Žƒ†‹•’‘œ‹–‹˜‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡•ƒ—†‡Žƒ
‘”‰ƒ‹•‡ †‡ ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ ƒ •‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”ǡ ’‡–”— ƒ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ …— ‹†‹˜‹œ‹ •ƒ—
‰”—’—”‹ǡ•ƒ—’‡–”—ƒˆƒ…‡‘„•‡”˜ƒì‹‹ƒ•—’”ƒƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘”•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡Ǥ…‡•–‡˜‹œ‹–‡Žƒˆƒìƒ
Ž‘…—Ž—‹ ‹’Ž‹…£ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ ‘ …‘„‹ƒì‹‡ †‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ Ȃ ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ǡ ‘„•‡”˜ƒì‹‹ •ƒ— ˆ‘…—•
‰”—’—”‹Ǥ

‹œ‹–‡Ž‡ Žƒ ˆƒìƒ Ž‘…—Ž—‹ •—– ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ Á ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ‡ ȋ‡†—…ƒì‹‡ •ƒ— •££–ƒ–‡Ȍ •ƒ—
’”‘‹‡…–‡†‡‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”£ȋ–”ƒ•’‘”–•ƒ—‡†‹—Ȍǡ†ƒ”ç‹ÁƒŽ–‡†‘‡‹‹Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 11. Colectarea datelor în timpul vizitelor la faa locului

În timpul unei vizite la o coal reorganizat, scopul evaluatorului fiind strângerea de

informaii cu privire la contextul colar. În acest sens, evaluatorul va planifica probabil
urmtoarele activiti:
Ǧ S viziteze diferite locuri din coala respectiv care au fost afectate de
reorganizare (sli de clas specializate, locuri sociale) pentru a observa
schimbrile fizice ateptate.
Ǧ S participe la observaii la or pentru a înregistra informaii cu privire la
activitatea de predare, activitile elevilor, contextul de interaciune,
folosirea tehnologiilor în procesul de învare etc.
Ǧ S se întâlneasc i s intervieveze diferite persoane sau grupuri de
persoane din cadrul colii (profesori, directori, elevi) pentru a afla opiniile
acestora cu privire la schimbrile ateptate în urma reorganizrii sau
Ǧ S colecteze documente sau date suplimentare.



‹œ‹–‡Ž‡ŽƒˆƒìƒŽ‘…—Ž—‹‡…‡•‹–£ƒ—‹–‡’”‡‰£–‹”‹’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹Ž‡’‡–”—ƒ˜£ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ…£˜‡ì‹
ƒ˜‡ƒƒ……‡•Žƒ•‹–—”‹Ž‡˜‹œ‹–ƒ–‡•ƒ—•£•–ƒ„‹Ž‹ì‹‡˜‡–—ƒŽ‡Ž‡Á–ŸŽ‹”‹…—ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ

Alegerea metodelor de colectare a datelor


•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–•£˜£ƒ•‹‰—”ƒì‹…£‡–‘†‡Ž‡•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£†ƒ–‡…ƒ”‡”£•’—†…‡Ž
ƒ‹ „‹‡ Žƒ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ B ’”ƒ…–‹…£ǡ ‹…‹‘ ‡–‘†£ †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£‡š…Ž—•‹˜—˜ƒˆ‹’‘–”‹˜‹–£’‡–”—ƒ”£•’—†‡ŽƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ’”‹
—”ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ ‡˜‘‹‡ †‡ ‘ …‘„‹ƒì‹‡ †‡ ƒ‹ —Ž–‡ ‡–‘†‡Ǥ †‡•‡ƒǡ Á–”‡„ƒ”‡ƒ ˜ƒ ˆ‹
…ƒ”‡ ‡–‘†‡ Ȃ …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ •ƒ— …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ Ȃ ˜‘” ˆ‹ ’”‡’‘†‡”‡–‡ ç‹ ’‡ …ƒ”‡ †‹–”‡
‡–‘†‡Ž‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ—…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡•£Ž‡ƒŽ‡‰‡ì‹Ǥ

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 58

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Descriere sumar a metodelor calitative de colectare a datelor

Metoda Descriere Când se folosete Avantaje Dezavantaje Resurse
necesare

Interviul ‹•…—싇 Ÿ††‘”‹ì‹•£ ”‡‡ƒœ£ ‡…‡•‹–£—Ž–‡ –‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”

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 60

‹†‡‹Ǥ •–‡‡˜‘‹‡•£
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‡†‹—Ž”‡•’‡…–‹˜Ǥ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ȍ
˜‹œ‹–‡Ž‡Žƒˆƒìƒ ‘ƒ–‡‡…‡•‹–ƒ‘
Ž‘…—Ž—‹…— ‡…Š‹’£†‡ ‹•’‘œ‹–‹˜‡
‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹ ƒ—†‹‘
ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–‡•ƒ— ȋˆ‘”ƒì‹Ȍ…ƒ”‡•£
ƒŽ£†‡
ƒ…Š‡–‡Ž‡Ǥ †‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”‡ƒ‹
Á–ŸŽ‹”‡
—Ž–‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹
†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Á ’‡”•‘ƒ£
†‡…—”•—Ž—‡‹ …ƒ”‡
•‹‰—”‡˜‹œ‹–‡Ǥ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ƒœ£
”£•’—•—”‹Ž‡



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Eantionarea

ƒ…£—£”—Ž—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹•ƒ—’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹•—’—ç‹•‘†ƒŒ—Ž—‹‡•–‡”‡†—•ç‹Á‹
’—–‡ì‹ ƒ…‘’‡”‹ ’‡ –‘ì‹ǡ ƒ–—…‹ ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒì‹ — recensmânt 4Ǥ ”‹…—ǡ Á …ƒœ—Ž Á …ƒ”‡
’”‘‰”ƒ—Žƒ…‘’‡”£——£”ƒ”‡†‡„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”‹ǡ‡•–‡’‘•‹„‹Ž•£ˆ‹‡‡˜‘‹‡•£ƒŽ‡‰‡ì‹
—‡çƒ–‹‘’‡–”—ƒ‡˜‹–ƒ…‘•–—”‹Ž‡”‹†‹…ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡…‘Ž‡…–£”‹‹†‡†ƒ–‡ǤEantionarea ‡•–‡
’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ —‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ȋ’‡”•‘ƒ‡ǡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹ǡ ‘„‹‡…–‡ •ƒ— ‡˜‡‹‡–‡Ȍ
ƒ…‘’‡”‹–‡ †‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ •ƒ— ’”‘‰”ƒ ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž Á…Ÿ– ’”‹ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ •£ ’—–‡ì‹
ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ —–‹Ž‹œƒ–‘”‹Ž‘” ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ †‹ ”Ÿ†—Ž …£”‘”ƒ ƒì‹ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–
‡çƒ–‹‘—ŽǤeantion ”‡’”‡œ‹–£—£”—Ž†‡—‹–£ì‹‹…Ž—•‡Á•‘†ƒŒ—Ž†˜•Ǥ

”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡‹’Ž‹…£ƒ—‹–‡‡–ƒ’‡ǣ
x ‡–‡”‹ƒ”‡ƒ…ƒ†”—Ž—‹†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡
x Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ‡–‘†‡‹†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡
x ‡–‡”‹ƒ”‡ƒ˜‘Ž——Ž—‹‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹
x ‡ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹Ǥ

Determinarea cadrului de eantionare

B‘†‹†‡ƒŽǡƒ”–”‡„—‹•£ˆ‹‡’‘•‹„‹Ž•£‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡—‹–ƒ–‡†‹…ƒ†”—Ž’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹
ç‹•£‘‹…Ž—†‡ì‹Á‡çƒ–‹‘Ǥ‘–—ç‹ǡƒ†‡•‡ƒ—‡•–‡’‘•‹„‹Ž•£‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹ç‹•£疋ì‹…Ÿ–
†‡ƒ”‡‡•–‡˜‘Ž——Ž’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹싐–£ȋ†‡‡š‡’Ž——£”—Ž‡šƒ…–ƒŽˆ—£–‘”‹Ž‘”†‡’‡
’£Ÿ–ȌǤ ”‹ —”ƒ”‡ǡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ Á…‡ƒ”…£ •£ ”‡œ‘Ž˜‡ ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ ’”‘„Ž‡£ ’”‹
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ——‹cadru de eantionareǤ

B …‡Ž ƒ‹ †‹”‡…– ‘†ǡ •‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ƒˆ‹”ƒ …£ ƒ…‡•– …ƒ†”— †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ ‘ Ž‹•–£ ƒ
–—–—”‘” —‹–£ì‹Ž‘” †‹ ’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ …ƒ”‡ ˆƒ…‡ ‘„‹‡…–—Ž ‹–‡”‡•—Ž—‹ †˜•Ǥ ƒ†”—Ž †‡
‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ †‡ˆ‹‡ç–‡ ’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ 싐–£ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž …£”‡‹ƒ ‡•–‡ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–
‡çƒ–‹‘—ŽǤ

ƒ†”—Ž †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ ‘ Ž‹•–£ ‘ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ£ •ƒ— — ”‡‰‹•–”— ’”‹˜‹† ’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ 싐–£Ǥ
•–ˆ‡Ž †‡ Ž‹•–‡ •ƒ— ”‡‰‹•–”‡ •—– †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ ‰‡•–‹‘ƒ–‡ †‡ †‹˜‡”•‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹
‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡•ƒ—†‡•‡”˜‹…‹‹’—„Ž‹…‡ç‹’‘–ˆ‹—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ǣ
x ‡‰‹•–”—Ž…‡–£ì‡‡•…’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–’‡–”—ƒ•‘†ƒ–‘ƒ–£’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ†‹샔£Ǥ
x ‡‰‹•–”—Žƒ‰”‹…—Ž–‘”‹Ž‘”’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–’‡–”—ƒ•‘†ƒƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡ƒ‰”‹…‘Ž‡Ǥ
x ‹•–‡Ž‡„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”‹Ž‘”ƒ•‹‰—”£”‹Ž‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‡’‘–ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡’‡–”—ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ†‹˜‡”•‡
ƒ•’‡…–‡ƒŽ‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹’”‹˜‹†ƒ•‹‰—”£”‹Ž‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡Ǥ
x ‡‰‹•–”—Ž…‘†—…£–‘”‹Ž‘”ƒ—–‘’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–’‡–”—ƒ•‘†ƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž’‡…ƒ”‡ÁŽ
ƒ—‹‹ì‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ž‡’”‹˜‹†•‹‰—”ƒìƒ†”——”‹Ž‘”Ǥ
x ‹•–ƒ ’ƒ…‹‡ì‹Ž‘” †‹–”Ǧ‘ ‹•–‹–—싇 †‡ ƒ•‹•–‡ì£ ‡†‹…ƒŽ£ ’”‹ƒ”£ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£’‡–”—ƒ•‘†ƒƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‘”†‡ƒ•‹•–‡ì£‡†‹…ƒŽ£’”‹ƒ”£Ǥ

ƒ†”—Ž †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ—”‹œƒ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ •—’Ž‹‡–ƒ”‡ †‡•’”‡
—‹–£ì‹Ž‡ ’‡ …ƒ”‡ Ž‡ ˜‡ì‹ •—’—‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ç‹ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹– ’‡–”— ƒ Á„—£–£ì‹
‘†‡Ž—Ž †‡ •‘†ƒŒ ç‹ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ ”‡‰‹•–”—Ž ƒ‰”‹…—Ž–‘”‹Ž‘”
’‘ƒ–‡ˆ—”‹œƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ÁŽ‡‰£–—”£…—Ž‘…ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒǡƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒƒ‰”‹…‘Ž£‡–…Ǥǡ…ƒ”‡’‘–ˆ‹
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡’‡–”—ƒ—ç—”ƒ’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ


ͶB‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ǡ”‡…‡•£Ÿ–—Ž‡•–‡—•–—†‹—…‡ƒ…‘’‡”£–‘ƒ–‡—‹–£ì‹Ž‡’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹싐–£Ǥ
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— –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ Á ƒ—‹–‡ …ƒœ—”‹ — ‡•–‡ †‡Ž‘… —ç‘” •£ ‘„싐‡ì‹ ‘ Ž‹•–£ ‘ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ£ ƒ
’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹싐–£Ǥ…‡ƒ•–ƒˆ‹‡—‡š‹•–£ǡˆ‹‡‡•–‡‹…‘’Ž‡–£Ǥ‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡ—‡š‹•–£‹…‹‘
Ž‹•–£ …— –‘ƒ–‡ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡ ˆ—£–‘ƒ”‡ǡ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡ ˆ£”£ ƒ†£’‘•– •ƒ— ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡
†‡’‡†‡–‡ †‡ †”‘‰—”‹ †‹–”Ǧ‘ 샔£Ǥ ƒ—ǡ ƒŽ– ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ Ž‹•–ƒ ‡‹‰”ƒì‹Ž‘” ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ ˆ‹
‹…‘’Ž‡–£ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ — –‘ì‹ …‡‹ …ƒ”‡ ’£”£•‡•… ‘ 샔£ ‘ˆ‡”£ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‘”
”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‡ǤBƒ•–ˆ‡Ž†‡…ƒœ—”‹ǡ’”‘…‡†—”ƒ’”‹…ƒ”‡•‡‘„싐‡ƒ……‡•Žƒ’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ싐–£
˜ƒˆ‹…‘•‹†‡”ƒ–£…ƒ†”—Ž†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡Ǥ

”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ •—– ‡š‡’Ž‡ †‡ ’”‘…‡†—”‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ ’‡–”— ƒ †‡–‡”‹ƒ …ƒ†”—Ž †‡
‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ǣ



EXEMPLUL 12. Procedura de acces la populaia int

Populaia int –persoane fr adpost.
Procedura care ofer acces ctre populaia int va oferi acces ctre persoanele care
triesc în adposturi. Toate persoanele din adposturi vor forma cadrul de eantionare.
Populaia int – persoanele dependente de droguri
Procedura care ofer acces ctre populaia int va oferi acces ctre persoanele
dependente de droguri care beneficiaz de programe de incluziune social. Toate
persoanele înregistrate în diverse programe de incluziune social care furnizeaz
tratament, consiliere sau alte servicii pentru cei dependeni de droguri vor forma cadrul
de eantionare.
Populaia int –persoanele care fumeaz
Procedura care ofer acces ctre populaia int va folosi sondajele asupra populaiei
pentru a determina numrul de persoane fumtoare. Rezultatele sondajelor asupra
populaiei realizate pentru diverse scopuri, de obicei prezint cât de mare ar putea fi
numrul celor care fumeaz din totalul populaiei.


ƒ†”—Ž †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ †‡–‡”‹ƒ– ’”‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ ’”‘…‡†—”‹‹ †‡ ƒ……‡• ƒ”‡ ƒ—‹–‡
’—…–‡ •Žƒ„‡ǡ ƒ‹ ƒŽ‡• Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘” Á …ƒ”‡ ‡š‹•–£ ‡˜‘‹ƒ †‡ ƒ ’”‘†—…‡
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡†‹’—…–†‡˜‡†‡”‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…Ǥ—Ž†‹–”‡…‡Ž‡ƒ‹†‡•Á–ŸŽ‹–‡
’—…–‡•Žƒ„‡‡•–‡”‹•…—Ž†‡ƒ‰‡‡”ƒŒ—†‡…£ì‹†‹•–‘”•‹‘ƒ–‡…ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ƒŽ…‘Ž‡…–£”‹‹ç‹
ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ ƒ†”—Ž †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹– ’‡–”— ƒ †‡–‡”‹ƒ ˜‘Ž——Ž
‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ǡ…‡‡ƒ…‡Á•‡ƒ£…£—…ƒ†”—†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡‹…‘’Ž‡–’‘ƒ–‡‰‡‡”ƒ—
‡çƒ–‹‘ ‘Ǧ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‹˜Ǥ …‡•– Ž—…”— — Á•‡ƒ£ …£ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ — ƒ” –”‡„—‹
†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–£ Á ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž †‡ …ƒœ—”‹ǡ …‹ …£ ’‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ƒ” –”‡„—‹ Ž—ƒ–‡ Á
…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡…‘•–”Ÿ‰‡”‹Ž‡‡š‹•–‡–‡Ǥ

Alegerea metodei de eantionare

–—…‹ …Ÿ† •‡ ƒŽ‡‰‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ˜£ ƒ•‹‰—”ƒì‹ …£ –‘ì‹ …‡‹ ƒ…‘’‡”‹ì‹ †‡
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž†˜•Ǥƒ—烐•‡‡‰ƒŽ‡†‡ƒˆ‹‹…Ž—ç‹Á‡çƒ–‹‘Ǥ…‡•–Ž—…”—ƒŒ—–£Žƒ‡˜‹–ƒ”‡ƒ
†‹•–‘”•‹—‹Ž‘”ǡ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ‡š‹•–ƒ –‡–ƒì‹ƒ †‡ ƒ ‘„싐‡ ˆ‡‡†„ƒ… †‡ Žƒ ‰”—’—Ž †‡
’‡”•‘ƒ‡…£”‘”ƒŽ‡Ǧƒ’Ž£…—–’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž•ƒ—…ƒ”‡’ƒ”†‡Á…”‡†‡”‡Ǥ‡†‡ƒŽ–£’ƒ”–‡ǡ‹…‹
 63

‡š‹•–‡ìƒ ——‹ —£” ƒ”‡ †‡ ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹ — ‡•–‡ ‘ •‘Ž—싇ǡ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ƒ…‡ç–‹ƒ •Ǧƒ”
’—–‡ƒ•£—ˆ‹‡”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‹˜‹’‡–”——–‹Ž‹œƒ–‘”‹‹’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ

‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ •—–ǡ ’”‹ —”ƒ”‡ǡ ‰”—’ƒ–‡ Á ‡–‘†‡ probabilistice ç‹
neprobabilisticeǤ Eantionarea probabilistic ‡•–‡ ‘ •…Š‡£ Á …ƒ”‡ ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ —‹–ƒ–‡ ƒ
’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ƒ”‡‘烐•£‡‰ƒŽ£†‡ƒˆ‹‹…Ž—•£Á‡çƒ–‹‘ǡ‹ƒ”ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹†‡–‡”‹ƒ–£
…— ƒ…—”ƒ–‡ì‡ǡ ƒ†‹…£ –‘ƒ–‡ —‹–£ì‹Ž‡ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ ç‹
‹…Ž—•‡ Á ‡çƒ–‹‘Ǥ 烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹•–‹…£ ˆƒ…‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž£ ’”‘†—…‡”‡ƒ —‘”
‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡’‡…Ÿ–’‘•‹„‹Ž‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡ȋ‡†‹•–‘”•‹‘ƒ–‡ȌǤ

Eantionarea neprobabilistic ‡•–‡ ‘ •…Š‡£ Á …ƒ†”—Ž …£”‡‹ƒ ƒ—‹–‡ —‹–£ì‹ ƒŽ‡
’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ — ƒ— ‹…‹‘ 烐•£ †‡ ƒ ˆ‹ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡Ǥ ‡Ž‡…싃 ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ ‡•–‡ „ƒœƒ–£ ’‡
–‡Š‹…‹ƒ†ǦŠ‘…ȋ‡šǤ‹’‘–‡œ‡•ƒ—Œ—†‡…£ì‹’”‹˜‹†’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ…ƒ”‡ˆ‘”‡ƒœ£…”‹–‡”‹‹Ž‡†‡
•‡Ž‡…싇ȌÁ…ƒ†”—Ž…£”‘”ƒ—‡š‹•–£—…ƒ†”—†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡…Žƒ”•ƒ—‡šƒ…–Ǥ•–ˆ‡Ž†‡
‡–‘†‡ ’— ’”‘„Ž‡ƒ …ƒ–‹–£ì‹‹ †‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ’‡ …ƒ”‡ — ‡çƒ–‹‘ ‘ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ—”‹œƒ
’”‹˜‹†’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒǤ

B ƒ…‡•– ƒ—ƒŽ •—– ’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‡ …‡Ž ƒ‹ †‡• Á–ŸŽ‹–‡ ‡–‘†‡ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡
’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹•–‹…£ ȋ•‹’Ž£ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡ǡ •‹•–‡ƒ–‹…£ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡ǡ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£ǡ ’”‹ ‰”—’—”‹ ç‹
—Ž–‹•–ƒ†‹ƒŽ£Ȍ ç‹ ‡’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹•–‹…£ ȋ”ƒì‹‘ƒŽ£ǡ ’”‹ …‘–‡ǡ Á ŽƒìȌǤ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡
‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹•–‹…£ •—– ƒ†‡•‡ƒ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ Á ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”
…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ Á –‹’ …‡ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ ‡’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹•–‹…‡ •—– ƒ‹ ˆ”‡…˜‡– ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ Á
…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ

Eantionarea simpl aleatoare


‡–‘†ƒ†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡•‹’Ž£ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡’‡”‹–‡ˆ‹‡…£”‡‹—‹–£ì‹†‹’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ싐–£•£
ˆ‹‡ ‹…Ž—•£ Á ‘† ‡‰ƒŽ Á ‡çƒ–‹‘Ǥ •–‡ ƒ‹ …—‘•…—–£ •—„ —‡Ž‡ †‡ Dz–”ƒ‰‡”‡ Žƒ
•‘”ì‹dzǤ’Ž‹…£•‡Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ—£”—Ž—‹‡…‡•ƒ”†‡—‹–£ì‹†‹…ƒ†”—Ž†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡Á–”Ǧ
—‘†ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹—Ǥ—£”ƒ‹‹…†‡—‹–£ì‹’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–†‹Ž‹•–£ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†—Ǧ•‡
‡–‘†ƒ Ž‘–‡”‹‡‹Ǥ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ ˆ‹‡…£”—‹ —‡ †‡ ’‡ Ž‹•–£Á‹ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ƒ–”‹„—‹– — —£”Ǥ
ƒ…£ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž ƒ”‡ ‡˜‘‹‡ †‡ ͳͲͲ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡ǡ ƒ–—…‹ ˜‘” ˆ‹ ‡š–”ƒ•‡ †‹ „‘Ž—Ž Ž‘–‡”‹‡‹
ͳͲͲ†‡—‡”‡ç‹’‘–”‹˜‹–‡—‡Ž‘”†‡’‡Ž‹•–£Ǥ

—‡”‡Ž‡ ƒ‹ ƒ”‹ †‡ —‹–£ì‹ ’‘– ˆ‹ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ …— ƒŒ—–‘”—Ž ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘” ’‡ …ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‘”
ȋ‡šǤ ƒ†‘ ƒ’Ž‡” ’‡–”— š…‡Žǡ ƒ†‘ —„‡”
‡‡”ƒ–‘”ȌǤ ”‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ
’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘”•‡’‘–•‡Ž‡…–ƒ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹‹Á…Ÿ–‡˜ƒ‹—–‡Ǥ

‡Š‹…ƒ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ •‹’Ž£ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡ ƒ”‡ ç‹ ƒ—‹–‡ Ž‹‹–£”‹Ǥ ‡…‡•‹–£ ‘ Ž‹•–£
’”‡…‹•£ ƒ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ 싐–£ǡ Ž‹•–£ …ƒ”‡ — ‡š‹•–£ ‡”‡—Ǥ ‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ ˆ‹
…‘•–‹•‹–‘ƒ”‡ ’‡–”— ’‘’—Žƒì‹‹Ž‡ Á’”£ç–‹ƒ–‡ †‹ ’—…– †‡ ˜‡†‡”‡ ‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…ǡ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡
…‘•–—”‹Ž‡ †‡ …£Ž£–‘”‹‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ƒ…‘’‡”‹ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡Ž‡ Á †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ œ‘‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡
”‹†‹…ƒ–‡Ǥ f‹ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–ǡ ‘”‘…‘ç‹‹ ‡š–”ƒ‰‡”‹‹ •Ǧƒ” ’—–‡ƒ •£ — ˆ‹‡ ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‹˜‹
’‡–”— †‹˜‡”•‡Ž‡ ‰”—’—”‹ …ƒ”‡ •—– ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ ’‡–”— ’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ •ƒ— ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž •—’—•
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ȋ‡šǤˆ‡‡‹•ƒ—„£”„ƒì‹ǡ‰”—’‡†‡˜Ÿ”•–£‡–…ǤȌǤ

Eantionarea sistematic

…‡ƒ•–£‡–‘†£†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡‡•–‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž——‹•‹•–‡Ǥ•–ƒ
Á•‡ƒ£ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ ˆ‹‡…£”—‹ DzƒŽ ǦŽ‡ƒdz —–‹Ž‹œƒ–‘” †‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ •ƒ— ‡š‹•–‡ìƒ ——‹
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‹–‡”˜ƒŽÁ–”‡ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡—‹–ƒ–‡•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–£Ǥ•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–…ƒ’—…–—Ž†‡’‘”‹”‡•£ˆ‹‡ƒŽ‡•
ŽƒÁ–Ÿ’Žƒ”‡ǡ‹ƒ”ƒ’‘‹Žƒ‹–‡”˜ƒŽ‡”‡‰—Žƒ–‡Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 13. Eantionarea sistematic

De exemplu, administraia local trebuie s evalueze implementarea unei noi scheme de
colectare a deeurilor introdus într-o anumit parte a oraului. Având în vedere c
administraie dorete s obin feedback de la persoanele care au beneficiat de schem,
trebuie s aplice sondaje în gospodriile din zon i s întrebe oamenii care este opinia
lor despre noul serviciu. Pentru a alege intervalul de selecie a gospodriilor, trebuie
aplicat urmtoarea formul. S spunem c zona supus sondajului include o strad cu
120 de case i 8 case trebuie selectate. 120/8 = 15, aa c fiecare a 15a cas este aleas
dup stabilirea unui punct de pornire ales la întâmplare între 1 i 120. Dac punctul de
pornire aleator este 11, atunci casele selectate sunt 11, 26, 41, 56, 71, 86, 101 i 116.


烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ•‹•–‡ƒ–‹…£ƒ”‡—ƒ–—ƒŒ‘”狃—‡…£†‹•’‡”•‡ƒœ£‡çƒ–‹‘—ŽÁ‘†
—‹ˆ‘” ƒ•—’”ƒ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ ˆƒì£ †‡ …‡‹ ƒŽ‡ç‹ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹‹Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡
ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ ’—…–‡ •Žƒ„‡ †ƒ…£ Á …ƒ†”—Ž Ž‹•–‡‹
‡š‹•–£‘ƒ—‹–£’‡”‹‘†‹…‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡÁ…ƒœ—Ž…‘Ž‡…–£”‹‹†‡ç‡—”‹Ž‘”–‘ƒ–‡…ƒ•‡Ž‡
†‹ ’ƒ”–‡ƒ ‘”†‹…£ ƒ •–”£œ‹‹ ’‘– ƒ’ƒ”싐‡ —‘” ˆƒ‹Ž‹‹ „‘‰ƒ–‡ǡ Á –‹’ …‡ …ƒ•‡Ž‡ †‹
’ƒ”–‡ƒ•—†‹…£ǡ…‡Ž‘”ƒ‹’—싐„‘‰ƒ–‡ǤBˆ—…싇†‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽȋ‡šǤ—‡”‡Ž‡‹’ƒ”‡ƒŽ‡
…ƒ•‡Ž‘”’‘–ˆ‹’‡’ƒ”–‡ƒ‘”†‹…£ç‹…‡Ž‡’ƒ”‡’‡…‡ƒ•—†‹…£ƒ•–”£œ‹‹Ȍǡ’—–‡ì‹ƒ˜‡ƒƒ……‡•
†‘ƒ”Žƒ…ƒ•‡Ž‡…ƒ”‡ˆ‹‡•—–„‘‰ƒ–‡ǡˆ‹‡•£”ƒ…‡ǡ…‡‡ƒ…‡˜ƒ†‹•–‘”•‹‘ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡Ǥ

B’”ƒ…–‹…£ǡ—‡çƒ–‹‘•‹•–‡ƒ–‹…‡•–‡ƒ’”‘ƒ’‡‡”‡—ƒ……‡’–ƒ„‹Ž…ƒˆ‹‹†ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹—Ǥ

Eantionarea prin grupuriȋ†‡–‹’clusterȌ


–—…‹ …Ÿ† ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž ‡•–‡ ’”‡ƒ †‹•’‡”•ƒ– ȋ†‡ ‡š‡’Ž— ’‡ –‘– –‡”‹–‘”‹—Ž —‡‹ 죔‹Ȍǡ
’—–‡ì‹ ƒŽ‡‰‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‹ ‰”—’—”‹ ’‡–”— ƒ ”‡†—…‡ …‘•–—”‹Ž‡Ǥ 烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‹
‰”—’—”‹ †‹˜‹œ‡ƒœ£ –‘ƒ–£ ’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ Á ‰”—’—”‹Ǥ  —£” †‡ ‰”—’—”‹ ‡•–‡ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ– Žƒ
Á–Ÿ’Žƒ”‡ç‹–‘ƒ–‡—‹–£ì‹Ž‡†‹…ƒ†”—Ž‰”—’—”‹Ž‘”•—–‹…Ž—•‡Á‡çƒ–‹‘Ǥ


EXEMPLUL 14. Eantionarea prin grupuri

Ministerul Agriculturii i Dezvoltrii Rurale intenioneaz s analizeze procesul de
folosire a pesticidelor de ctre agricultori în România. Poate fi aplicat o eantionare
prin grupuri folosindu-se judeele din România drept grupuri. Un numr de judee
(grupuri) vor fi alese în mod aleatoriu i toi agricultorii din judeele selectate la
întâmplare vor fi inclui în eantion.


˜ƒ–ƒŒ—Ž ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹ ’”‹ ‰”—’—”‹ ‡•–‡ …£ ”‡†—…‡ …‘•–—”‹Ž‡ ç‹ ”‡•–”Ÿ‰‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡
†‘ƒ”Á‰”—’—”‹Ž‡•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡Ǥ—ƒŽ–‡…—˜‹–‡ǡˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ’‡•–‹…‹†‡Ž‘”‡•–‡ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–£†‘ƒ”
ƒ…‡Ž‡Œ—†‡ì‡…ƒ”‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ŽƒÁ–Ÿ’Žƒ”‡ǡ‹ƒ”‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹—–”‡„—‹‡•£˜‹œ‹–‡œ‡
–‘싃‰”‹…—Ž–‘”‹‹†‹‘Ÿ‹ƒǤ
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‡œƒ˜ƒ–ƒŒ—Ž ‡•–‡ …£ ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ ‡š‹•–ƒ ‘ ‡”‘ƒ”‡ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ƒ‹ ƒ”‡Ǥ 烐–‹‘—Ž
•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–ŽƒÁ–Ÿ’Žƒ”‡’‘ƒ–‡‹…Ž—†‡œ‘‡Ž‡†‹˜‡…‹£–ƒ–‡ȋŒ—†‡ì‡Ž‡Ȍ…ƒ”‡ƒ”’—–‡ƒˆ‹
•‹‹Žƒ”‡ ç‹ •Ǧƒ” ’—–‡ƒ •£ — ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…‡ –‘ƒ–‡ ’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ ’”‡œ‡–‡ Á ƒŽ–‡
’£”ì‹Ǥ

Eantionarea stratificat

‹•…—Ž‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹Ž‘”•‹’Ž‡ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹‹ç‹•‹•–‡ƒ–‹…‡‡•–‡…£•Ǧƒ”’—–‡ƒ•£‘‹–‡ì‹†‹
‡çƒ–‹‘ — ƒ—‹– ‰”—’ …ƒ”‡ •£ ˆ‹‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ 싐–£Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ ‡˜‹–ƒ ƒ…‡ƒ•–£
•‹–—ƒì‹‡ǡ ’—–‡ì‹ ƒ”ƒŒƒ ’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–£ Á ‰”—’—”‹ —‹–‡ •–”ƒ–—”‹ ç‹ •‡Ž‡…–ƒì‹
‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ˆ‹‡…£”—‹ ‰”—’ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹† –‡Š‹…ƒ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹‡ •ƒ—
•‹•–‡ƒ–‹…£Ǥ ’‘‹ ’—–‡ì‹ ˆ‹ •‹‰—”‹ …£ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž ˜ƒ ˆ‹ ƒ‹ ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‹˜Ǥ
”—’ƒ”‡ƒ •‡
ˆƒ…‡†‡‘„‹…‡‹’”‹ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒ…”‹–‡”‹‹Ž‘”Ȁ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘””‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡’‡–”—’”‘‰”ƒǡ…—ƒ”
ˆ‹ ˜Ÿ”•–£ǡ ‰‡ǡ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‡ǡ †‹‡•‹—‡ǡ ‰”—’—”‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ‡ǡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹ ƒ…ƒ†‡‹…‡ǡ –‡”‹–‘”‹—
‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…ǡ–‹’—Ž†‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡‡–…Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 15. Eantionarea stratificat

Ministerul Educaiei, Cercetrii i Inovrii intenioneaz s analizeze numrul de ore pe
sptmân petrecute rezolvând teme pentru acas are influen asupra performanelor
colare ale elevilor de liceu. Pentru c se crede c orele petrecute rezolvând teme pentru
acas difer în mod considerabil de la o clas de liceu la alta, va fi aplicat eantionarea
stratificat. Populaia elevilor de liceu va fi grupat în 4 straturi alctuite din elevi de
clasa a IXa, a Xa, a XIa i a XIIa. Din fiecare strat va fi ales un eantion aleatoriu de elevi.
Rezultatele analizei din fiecare strat pot fi combinate pentru a obine o estimare care se
ateapt s fie mai precis decât cea obinut dintr-un eantion aleatoriu al întregii
populaii.


烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£ ƒ…‘’‡”£ Á–”‡ƒ‰ƒ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡ 싐–£ ç‹ Á ƒ…‡Žƒç‹ –‹’ ‹ƒ Á
…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡–”£•£–—”‹Ž‡ƒ…‡•–‡‹ƒ…ƒ”‡•—–‹’‘”–ƒ–‡’‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ•–‡’‘•‹„‹Ž•£
•‡ ƒŒ—‰£ Žƒ ‘ ’”‡…‹œ‹‡ ç‹ ƒ‹ ƒ”‡ Á ƒƒŽ‹œ£ ˆƒì£ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡Ǥ
烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ …‘˜‡ƒ„‹Ž£ †‹ ’—…– †‡ ˜‡†‡”‡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜Ǥ
–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”‹‹’‘–ˆ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹Áƒ…‡•–•‡•’‡–”—ƒƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ—‰”—’‡–‹…•ƒ—‰”—’
†‡˜Ÿ”•–£Ǥ

‡œƒ˜ƒ–ƒŒ‡Ž‡ —‡‹ ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹ •‡ ’‘– ƒˆŽƒ Á †‹ˆ‹…—Ž–ƒ–‡ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…£”‹‹
•–”ƒ–—”‹Ž‘” ƒ‹ †‡‰”ƒ„£ ’‡ „ƒœƒ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒì‡‹ …”‹–‡”‹‹Ž‘” †‡…Ÿ– ’‡ „ƒœƒ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹
•–”ƒ–—”‹Ž‘”Ǥ 烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ƒ‹ †‹ˆ‹…‹Ž †‡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–Ǥ ‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡
‘„싐—–‡ †‡ Žƒ ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡•–”ƒ– ’‘– ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ —‹–‡”‡• ‹–”‹•‡… 狃”–”‡„—‹ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡
•‡’ƒ”ƒ–ǤB…ƒœ—”‹Ž‡Á…ƒ”‡‡š‹•–£——£”ƒ”‡†‡•–”ƒ–—”‹ǡƒ…‡ƒ•–£–‡Š‹…£‡…‡•‹–£
—‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‹ƒ”‡†‡…Ÿ–…‡Ž‡ŽƒŽ–‡Ǥ

‡ç‹‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ’”‹‰”—’—”‹ç‹…‡ƒ•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£’ƒ”Žƒ’”‹ƒ˜‡†‡”‡•£ƒ‹„£ƒ—‹–‡
ƒ•‡££”‹ǡ ‡Ž‡ •—– †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ǥ B …ƒœ—Ž ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ǡ ‡•–‡ ƒŽ‡• — ‡çƒ–‹‘
ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘” †‹ –‘ƒ–‡ •–”ƒ–—”‹Ž‡ǡ ‹ƒ” Á …ƒœ—Ž ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹ ’”‹ ‰”—’—”‹ †‘ƒ” ‰”—’—”‹Ž‡
•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡•—–ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡…—–‘ƒ–‡—‹–£ì‹Ž‡‹…Ž—•‡Ǥ
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Eantionarea multistadial 

B ”‡ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ǡ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ‹…Ž—†‡ — —£” †‡ •–ƒ†‹‹ ’Ÿ£ …Ÿ†
‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž ƒ†‡…˜ƒ– ‡•–‡ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–Ǥ †‡•‡ƒǡ ˜ƒ –”‡„—‹ •£ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹ eantionarea
multistadial Á…ƒ†”—Ž…£”‡‹ƒ†‘—£•ƒ—ƒ‹—Ž–‡‹˜‡Ž—”‹†‡—‹–£ì‹•—–‹…Ž—•‡——Ž
ÁƒŽ–—ŽǤ烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ—Ž–‹•–ƒ†‹ƒŽ£‡•–‡‘‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡’”‹‰”—’—”‹…‘’Ž‡š£Ǥ”‹—Ž
•–ƒ†‹— ‹…Ž—†‡ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘”Ǥ B …‡Ž †‡ǦƒŽ †‘‹Ž‡ƒ •–ƒ†‹—ǡ •‡Ž‡…–ƒì‹ Á ‘†
ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹——‹–£ì‹Ž‡’”‹ƒ”‡†‹ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡‰”—’Ǥ’‘‹Áˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡†‹–”‡‰”—’—”‹Ž‡•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ǡ
•—– •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡ •—’Ž‹‡–ƒ”‡ ç‹ ƒçƒ ƒ‹ †‡’ƒ”–‡Ǥ ‘ƒ–‡ —‹–£ì‹Ž‡ —Ž–‹‡
ȋ‹†‹˜‹œ‹•ƒ—‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹Ȍ•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡Á—Ž–‹—Ž•–ƒ†‹—•—–•‘†ƒ–‡Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 16. Eantionarea multistadial

Ministerul Educaiei, Cercetrii i Inovrii intenioneaz s analizeze impacturile
reformei educaionale pe teritoriul rii. Eantionarea multistadial poate fi aplicat în
urmtorul mod. Sondajul în coli începe cu divizarea rii în regiuni i alegerea
aleatoare a anumitor regiuni (primul stadiu). Toate regiunile selectate sunt apoi
divizate în districte, iar districtele sunt apoi alese din regiunile selectate (al doilea
stadiu). Apoi, colile sunt încadrate într-o list în fiecare district selectat i este selectat
un numr de coli (al treilea stadiu). Doar colile alese în cel de-al treilea stadiu vor fi
incluse în eantion. Aceast metod demonstreaz cu nu este necesar existena unei
liste cu toate colile din ar, ci doar pentru acele districte care au fost selectate.


烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ —Ž–‹•–ƒ†‹ƒŽ£ ‡•–‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£ ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† — ‡š‹•–£ ‘ Ž‹•–£ …‘’Ž‡–£ ƒ
’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ 싐–£ •ƒ— …Ÿ† Ž‹•–ƒ …‘’Ž‡–£ — ‡•–‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£Ǥ ‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ”‡†—…‡
…‘•–—”‹Ž‡ ƒ•‘…‹ƒ–‡ …— ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‹ ‰”—’—”‹Ǥ ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹ ’”‹ ‰”—’—”‹
‡…‡•‹–£‘Ž‹•–£…—–‘ƒ–‡煑Ž‹Ž‡†‹”‡‰‹—‹Ž‡†‹…ƒ”‡˜‘”ˆ‹ƒŽ…£–—‹–‡‰”—’—”‹Ž‡Ǥ
B ’”ƒ…–‹…£ǡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ —Ž–‹•–ƒ†‹ƒŽ£ ‡•–‡ ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ–£ ’”‹ ‰”—’ƒ”‡ƒ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ 싐–£
ƒ‹ †‡‰”ƒ„£ ’‡ „ƒœƒ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘” ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡ ’‡–”— ’”‘‰”ƒ †‡…Ÿ– ’‡ …”‹–‡”‹‹
‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 17. Eantionarea multistadial în practic

Petru a evalua impacturile reformei educaionale, s-ar putea s nu fie suficient s
selectai colile pe baza distribuiei regionale. colile pot fi de diferite tipuri (primare,
gimnaziale), ele se pot afla în zone diferite (urbane i rurale), pot avea dimensiuni
diferite (mici, medii, mari) i pot fi de stat sau private. Toate aceste trsturi ar putea
avea o valoare intrinsec pentru evaluare i trebuie analizate separat. În acest sens,
eantionarea multistadial va fi realizat prin aplicarea criteriilor mai sus menionate
în diferite stadii ale procesului de eantionare.


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Eantionarea raional

B …ƒœ—Ž ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹ ”ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡ ƒƒŽ‹•–—Ž •‡Ž‡…–‡ƒœ£ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž ’‡ „ƒœƒ ’”‘’”‹‹Ž‘”
”ƒì‹‘ƒ‡–‡ •ƒ— …”‹–‡”‹‹Ǥ ƒì‹‘ƒ‡–—Ž ‡•–‡ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ „ƒœƒ– ’‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ìƒ
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž—‹ ç‹ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒìƒ ˆƒì£ †‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ •ƒ— ’‘Ž‹–‹…£Ǥ •–‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£ Á …ƒœ—”‹Ž‡ Á
…ƒ”‡ǣ
x š‹•–£——£”Ž‹‹–ƒ–†‡’‘’—Žƒì‹‡…ƒ”‡’‘ƒ–‡ˆ—”‹œƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡Ǣ
x ‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ‡•–‡†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡†‡–‡”‹ƒ–Ǣ
x ‹‹†‹–”‡‡„”‹ƒ—ƒ‹—Ž–‡…—‘ç–‹ì‡ç‹’‘–‘ˆ‡”‹‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 18. Eantionarea raional

Ministerul Muncii, Familiei i Proteciei Sociale intenioneaz s îmbunteasc
politica privind egalitatea de anse i în special s identifice factorii eseniali pentru
realizarea acesteia în cadrul funciilor de management. În acest caz evaluatorul poate
decide mai degrab s evalueze doar pe acele femei care au ajuns în funcii la nivel de
senior management decât pe toate femeile în vârst de lucru. Decizia evaluatorului este
bazat pe raionamentul c doar femeile care au ajuns în acele funcii vor avea
experien i cunotine relevante. În astfel de cazuri, sondarea persoanelor de gen
feminin ar fi prea costisitoare i ar necesita prea multe resurse.
Sau un teatru poate decide c auditoriul cel mai reprezentativ care ar putea evalua
nivelul de succes al noilor piese de teatru este auditoriul care vine la teatru seara în
zilele de lucru. Decizia este bazat pe raionamentul c auditoriul din serile din timpul
sptmânii reprezint un public regulat i sunt cei mai în msur s compare i s
judece noul repertoriu.


”‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹”ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡‡•–‡†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡‡ì‹‘ƒ–†ƒ…£’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ싐–£‡•–‡
„‹‡”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–£Á…ƒ†”—Ž‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–Ǥ•–ˆ‡Žǡ‡•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–•£•‡ƒŒ—‰£Žƒ
— …‘•‡• …— …Ž‹‡–—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ƒ•—’”ƒ …”‹–‡”‹‹Ž‘” †‡ •‡Ž‡…싇 ’‡–”— ƒ ”‡†—…‡
†‹•–‘”•‹—‹Ž‡Ǥ

Eantionarea în lan (tip bulgre de zpad)


烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒÁŽƒì‡•–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£ƒ–—…‹…Ÿ†‡•–‡‡š–”‡†‡†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž•ƒ—…‘•–‹•‹–‘”•£•‡
†‡–‡”‹‡”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹Ǥ…‡ƒ•–£‡–‘†£ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹†‹–”‡…‡‹‹‹ì‹ƒŽ‹’‡–”—ƒ
‰‡‡”ƒ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹•—’Ž‹‡–ƒ”‹Ǥ…‡•––‹’†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡‡•–‡ƒ†‡•‡ƒˆ‘Ž‘•‹–’‡–”—ƒ
†‡•…‘’‡”‹ ƒçƒ —‹–ƒ Ƿ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡ ƒ•…—•£dz Ȃ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡ ˆ£”£ ƒ†£’‘•– •ƒ— ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡
†‡’‡†‡–‡†‡†”‘‰—”‹Ǥ

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EXEMPLUL 19. Eantionarea în lan

În cadrul evalurii implementrii strategiei privind migrarea, în special eficacitatea
msurilor de încurajare a emigranilor s se reîntoarc în ara de origine, un minister
poate hotrî aplicarea eantionrii în lan pentru a sonda cetenii care lucreaz în
strintate. Adesea, datele formale privind cetenii care lucreaz în strintate sunt
imprecise i este dificil de identificat posibilii respondeni. Ca punct de plecare,
emigranii înregistrai formal pot fi folosii drept respondeni iniiali. Apoi acestora li se
poate cere s recomande alte persoane, cum ar fi prieteni sau rude care lucreaz în
strintate, pentru a fi incluse în sondaj. Respondenii secundari pot la rândul lor s
numeasc alte persoane. În acest mod numrul de respondeni va crete precum un
bulgre de zpad care se rostogolete pân când se ajunge la numrul dorit.
Dezavantajul unei astfel de metode de eantionare este c eantionul poate fi
distorsionat. În funcie de respondenii iniiali, eantioanele ulterioare pot fi similare în
fond, deoarece respondenii iniiali vor alege persoane care au valori similare cu ale lor
i provin din medii sociale asemntoare.


‡ç‹ ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ ‡–‘†£ ’‘ƒ–‡ ”‡†—…‡ …‘•–—”‹Ž‡ǡ ’‘ƒ–‡ǡ †‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ‹–”‘†—…‡
†‹•–‘”•‹‘ƒ”‡ƒǡ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ‡•–‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž …ƒ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž •£ — ”‡’”‡œ‹–‡ •‡…ì‹—‡ƒ
–”ƒ•˜‡”•ƒŽ£’‘–”‹˜‹–£ƒ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹Ǥ

Eantionarea prin cote


B …ƒœ—Ž ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹ ’”‹ …‘–‡ –‘ƒ–£ ’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ ‡•–‡ ‰”—’ƒ–£ Á ‰”—’—”‹ —–—ƒŽ
‡š…Ž—•‹˜‡ǡ’”‡…—Á…‡ƒ•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£ǡ‹ƒ”ƒ’‘‹—‹–£ì‹Ž‡•—–•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡†‹ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡‰”—’
’‡„ƒœƒ—‡‹…‘–‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡Ǥ
”—’—”‹Ž‡•—–ˆ‘”ƒ–‡’‡„ƒœƒƒ—‹–‘”…ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹ǡ
…—ƒ”ˆ‹˜Ÿ”•–ƒǡ‰‡—Žǡ”‡Ž‹‰‹ƒǡ‡†—…ƒì‹ƒ‡–…Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 20. Eantionarea prin cote

Ministerul Muncii intenioneaz s evalueze implementarea unei politici de ocupare a
forei de munc i s aplice un sondaj asupra brbailor i femeilor în vârst de munc
între 25 i 65 de ani. Populaia int are 40 la sut brbai i 60 la sut femei, iar
ancheta necesit un eantion total de 1000. Evaluatorul va continua eantionarea pân
când obine procentajele necesare. Dac 400 de brbai sunt deja inclui în eantion,
dar nu sunt înc 600 de femei, evaluatorul va continua s eantioneze femei. Chiar dac
evaluatorul va întâlni în timpul sondajului brbai eligibili, acetia nu vor fi inclui în
eantion, deoarece cotele necesare alocate brbailor au fost deja atinse.


B …ƒœ—Ž ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹ ’”‹ …‘–‡ •‡Ž‡…싃 ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ — ‡•–‡ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘ƒ”‡ ç‹ ƒ•–ƒ ˆƒ…‡ …ƒ
‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž•£ˆ‹‡ƒ‹†‹•–‘”•‹‘ƒ–Ǥ•–‡—ˆ‡Ž†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡†‡…‘˜‡‹‡ì£Á…ƒ”‡
—‹–£ì‹Ž‡•—–‹…Ž—•‡Á‡çƒ–‹‘’‡£•—”£…‡ƒ’ƒ”’‡„ƒœƒƒ—‹–‘”˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ǥ

 69

烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ’”‹…‘–‡‡•–‡ƒ†‡•‡ƒˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£…Ÿ†–‹’—ŽƒŽ‘…ƒ–‡•–‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–ǡ…ƒ†”—Ž†‡
‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ — ‡•–‡ †‹•’‘‹„‹Žǡ „—‰‡–—Ž ‡•–‡ Ž‹‹–ƒ– ç‹ ƒ…—”ƒ–‡ì‡ƒ — ‡•–‡ ƒ–Ÿ– †‡
‹’‘”–ƒ–£Ǥ

B’”ƒ…–‹…£ǡ’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡”ƒ”‡‘”‹‹’Ž‹…£‘•‹‰—”£‡–‘†£Ǥ‡–”—ƒŽ—ƒÁ
…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ …‘•–”Ÿ‰‡”‹Ž‡ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ ”‡•—”•‡ç‹ —‡”‘ƒ•‡Ž‡ –”£•£–—”‹ ƒŽ‡ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹
싐–£ǡ•‡˜ƒˆ‘Ž‘•‹‘…‘„‹ƒì‹‡†‡‡–‘†‡’‡–”—ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡‡–ƒ’£ƒ•‘†ƒŒ—Ž—‹Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 21. Metodele de eantionare în practic

În cadrul evalurii privind mobilitatea forei de munc din Letonia (vezi Cazul 3 din
Partea II), a fost folosit o combinaie de metode de eantionare pentru a îndeplini
obiectivele propuse ale evalurii i constrângerile legate de resurse. Sondajul populaiei
în vârst de munc între 15 i 65 de ani a inclus eantionare multistadial cu 4 metode
de eantionare diferite în diferite etape: eantionare prin grupuri, stratificat, prin cote
i aleatoare sistematic. Eantionarea a început cu metoda grupurilor (cluster). Pentru
a se asigura c evaluarea acoper populaia în vârst de munc din diferite zone ale
Letoniei, eantionarea prin grupuri a fost folosit prin divizarea teritoriului rii în 6
cele mai mari orae i 26 districte (primul stadiu).
În cel de-al doilea stadiu, toate districtele au fost stratificate în zone pe baza
urmtoarelor criterii: urban, semnificativ rural, moderat semnificativ rural,
nesemnificativ.
Pentru a selecta eantionul din zone, gospodria care reprezenta punctul de plecare a
fost aleas la întâmplare cu fiecare cel de-al 7-lea apartament din orae sau regiuni
urbane i fiecare a 3-a sau a 4-a cas din regiunile rurale incluse în sondaj. Evaluatorii
au vizitat gospodriile în zonele selectate pân când au atins cota necesar de brbai
i femei în vârst de munc.
Eantionarea sistematic aleatoare a fost folosit pentru a reduce distorsionarea care
ar fi putut rezulta în urma eantionrii prin cote.

Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ‡–‘†‡Ž‘”†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡˜ƒ†‡’‹†‡†‡—£”—Ž†‡ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹…Ž—•‹˜ǣ
x …‘’—Ž ç‹ ƒ…—”ƒ–‡ì‡ƒ …‡”‹ì‡Ž‘”Ǥ B …ƒœ—”‹Ž‡ Á …ƒ”‡ •—– ‡…‡•ƒ”‡ †ƒ–‡
•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ †‹ ’—…– †‡ ˜‡†‡”‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹… …— — ‹˜‡Ž ÁƒŽ– †‡ Á…”‡†‡”‡
ȋ˜ƒŽ‹†‹–ƒ–‡ ‡š–‡”£Ȍǡ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹•–‹…‡ ˜‘” ˆ‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡
’‡–”—ƒ”‡†—…‡†‹•–‘”•‹—‹Ž‡Ǥƒ”‡‰—Ž£ǡ‡Ž‡•—–ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Á‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡Á…ƒ”‡
‡•–‡‡˜‘‹‡•£•‡†‘˜‡†‡ƒ•…£•ƒ—•£•‡”‡•’‹‰£ƒ—‹–‡‹’‘–‡œ‡•ƒ—…Ÿ†‡•–‡
‡…‡•ƒ”•£•‡†‡…‹†£…‘–‹—ƒ”‡ƒ•ƒ—ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ——‹’”‘‰”ƒǤ
x ƒ–—”ƒ ç‹ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ 싐–£ ˜ƒ ‹ˆŽ—‡ìƒ Á ‘† •‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜ ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ƒ
‡–‘†‡Ž‘” †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡Ǥ …‡•–‡ ‡–‘†‡ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ˜‘” †‡’‹†‡ †‡
ƒ……‡•—ŽŽƒ’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ싐–£ǡ…Ÿ–†‡†‹•’‡”•ƒ–£‡•–‡ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒǡ†‹…Ÿ–‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡‡•–‡
…‘•–‹–—‹–’”‘ˆ‹Ž—Ž’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹싐–£‡–…Ǥ
x ‘•–”Ÿ‰‡”‹ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ ”‡•—”•‡Ǥ —‹–‡ ‡–‘†‡ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ’‘– ˆ‹
…‘•–‹•‹–‘ƒ”‡ç‹’‘–‡…‡•‹–ƒˆ‘ƒ”–‡—Ž––‹’ǤBƒ…‡•–•‡•ǡƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ƒ‡–‘†‡Ž‘”
†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡’‘ƒ–‡‰‡‡”ƒ—…‘’”‘‹•Á–”‡‡˜‘‹Ž‡’”‹˜‹†ƒ…—”ƒ–‡ì‡ƒç‹
”‡•—”•‡Ž‡†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡Ǥ
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Determinarea volumului eantionului

‘Ž——Ž‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹†‡–‡”‹£…Ÿ–†‡ƒ”‡˜ƒˆ‹‰”—’—Ž—‹–£ì‹Ž‘”…ƒ”‡˜‘”ˆ‹•—’—•‡
•‘†ƒŒ—Ž—‹Ǥ‡ˆ‹‹”‡ƒ˜‘Ž——Ž—‹‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹‡•–‡‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–£ç‹†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž£Á
…ƒ†”—Ž ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ ˜‘Ž——Ž ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ —
‡•–‡ Á–‘–†‡ƒ—ƒ ƒ•’‡…–—Ž ’”‹…‹’ƒŽǡ …‹ †‘ƒ” ——Ž †‹–”‡ ƒ•’‡…–‡Ž‡ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ‘Ž——Ž‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹†‡’‹†‡†‡——£”†‡ˆƒ…–‘”‹ǣ
x …‘’—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǣ
x ‘Ž——Ž’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹Ǣ
x ”‘ƒ”‡ƒ†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ……‡’–ƒ„‹Ž£Ǣ
x ‹•…—Ž•‡Ž‡…–£”‹‹——‹‡çƒ–‹‘‡’‘–”‹˜‹–Ǥ

š‹•–£ƒ‹—Ž–‡ƒ„‘”†£”‹’‡–”—ƒ†‡–‡”‹ƒ˜‘Ž——Ž‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ǣ
x ‡…‡•£Ÿ–’‡–”—’‘’—Žƒì‹‡”‡†—•£Ǣ
x ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ——‹˜‘Ž—ƒŽ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹†‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹•‹‹Žƒ”‡Ǣ
x ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ–ƒ„‡Ž‡Ž‘”’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‡•ƒ—ƒ…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”†‡‡çƒ–‹‘‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…‡Ǣ
x ’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘”—Ž‡Ž‘”Ǥ

烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ’”‹recensmânt‡•–‡†‡‘„‹…‡‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£’‡–”—’‘’—Žƒì‹‹Ž‡…———£”
”‡†—•’‡–”—ƒ‡˜‹–ƒ…‘•–—”‹Ž‡ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ƒ”‹†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǤŽ‹‹£‡”‘ƒ”‡ƒ†‡
‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ç‹•‘†‡ƒœ£–‘ƒ–£—‹–£ì‹Ž‡†‹”‡…‡•£Ÿ–Ǥ

ƒŽ–£ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡‡•–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒaceluiai volum de eantion †‡Žƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹•‹‹Žƒ”‡Ǥ—
–‘ƒ–‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ†ƒ…£—”‡˜‹œ—‹ì‹’”‘…‡†—”‹Ž‡†‡†‡–‡”‹ƒ”‡ƒ˜‘Ž——Ž—‹ǡ•Ǧƒ”’—–‡ƒ•£
”‡’‡–ƒì‹ ‰”‡ç‡Ž‹Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ˆ£…—–‡Ǥ ‡ †‡ ƒŽ–£ ’ƒ”–‡ǡ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”ƒ †‹ †‹˜‡”•‡
†‘‡‹‹ˆ—”‹œ‡ƒœ£Á†”—£”‹…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ˜‘Ž——Ž‘„‹ç—‹–ƒŽ——‹‡çƒ–‹‘Ǥ

ƒ–”‡‹ƒ‘†ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡‡•–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒtabelelor’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‡•ƒ—ƒcalculatoarelor de eantion
electronice …ƒ”‡ •—‰‡”‡ƒœ£ ˜‘Ž——Ž †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ ’‡ „ƒœƒ ——‹ •‡– †ƒ–†‡ …”‹–‡”‹‹ Ȃ †‡
‘„‹…‡‹ —£”—Ž ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ǡ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž †‡ Á…”‡†‡”‡ǡ ƒ”‰‹‡ƒ ‡”‘”‹‹ ç‹ †‹•–”‹„—싃
”£•’—•—”‹Ž‘”Ǥ  –ƒ„‡Ž †‡ ˜‘Ž—‡ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ ‡•–‡ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ– Á ‡šƒ ʹǤ ‡ ‘„‹…‡‹
ƒ…‡•–‡–ƒ„‡Ž‡•ƒ—…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡†‡‡çƒ–‹‘‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…‡‘ˆ‡”£—£”—Ž†‡”£•’—•—”‹
…ƒ”‡ –”‡„—‹‡ ’”‹‹–Ǥ ‹ ƒ…‡•– ‘–‹˜ •Ǧƒ” ’—–‡ƒ •£ ˆ‹‡ ‡˜‘‹‡ •£ …”‡ç–‡ì‹ —£”—Ž
’‡–”—ƒ…‘’‡•ƒ‘Ǧ”£•’—•—”‹Ž‡Ǥ

’ƒ–”ƒ‘†ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡†‡…ƒŽ…—Žƒ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹‡•–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒformulelorǤ ‘”—Ž‡Ž‡•—–
†‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ Á …ƒœ—”‹Ž‡ …Ÿ† •‡ ‹–‡ì‹‘‡ƒœ£ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ ‡–‘†‡Ž‘” †‡ ƒƒŽ‹œ£
…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜£ ’”‡…— ƒƒŽ‹œƒ †‡ ”‡‰”‡•‹‡ —Ž–‹’Ž£ǡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ …‘Ǧ˜ƒ”‹ƒì‹‡‹ ȋȌ ‡–…Ǥ
ƒ…£ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ì‹ ˆ‘”—Ž‡ ’‡–”— ƒ …ƒŽ…—Žƒ ˜‘Ž——Ž ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ ˜‡ì‹ ƒ˜‡ƒ ‡˜‘‹‡ †‡
…—‘ç–‹ì‡†‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…£ȋ‡šǤ•£’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹Žƒ—…—”•†ƒ…£—ƒ˜‡ì‹—•–ƒ–‹•–‹…‹ƒ•ƒ—‘
’‡”•‘ƒ£ …— ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‡…Š‹’‡‹ †˜•ǤȌ •ƒ— ’—–‡ì‹ …£—–ƒ ƒ•‹•–‡ì£
•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–£‡š–‡”£Ǥ

Eantionarea calitativ

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‰”—’—”‹‡•–‡‘Á–”‡„ƒ”‡Žƒ…ƒ”‡—•‡”£•’—†‡…——ç—”‹ì£Ǥ‡–”—…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹‹’‘–ˆ‹•‡Ž‡…–ƒì‹Áˆ—…싇†‡†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ǡ…—ƒ”ˆ‹‹˜‡Ž—Ž
†‡‡š’‡”‹‡ì£ǡˆ—…싃ǡ…Žƒ•ƒ•‘…‹ƒŽ£Ǥƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‡˜‘”†‡’‹†‡†‡ǣ
x B–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǣ
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x ”£•£–—”‹Ž‡’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹•ƒ—’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹†˜•ǤǢ
x ƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ƒ‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ ȋˆƒ…–‘”‹ †‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ‹ǡ †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ–‘”‹ǡ
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‘”‹ǡ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”‹ȌǤ

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’‡”•‘ƒ‡…ƒ”‡ƒ—…—‘ç–‹ì‡„‘‰ƒ–‡”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ’”‘‰”ƒç‹…ƒ”‡˜£’‘–ƒŒ—–ƒ…‡Žƒ‹
„‹‡ •£ ”£•’—†‡ì‹ Žƒ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ B ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ ‰”—’—”‹Ž‡ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡ …ƒ”‡
•—–‹…Ž—•‡Á‡çƒ–‹‘•—–ǣ
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†‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ •—– ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ ‘Ǧ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹•–‹…‡Ǥ …‘’—Ž ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘” ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–‡
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’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ȁ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ †‡ Žƒ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡ …— …‡Ž‡ ƒ‹ „‘‰ƒ–‡ …—‘ç–‹ì‡ Á †‘‡‹—Ž
”‡•’‡…–‹˜Ǥ  ƒ…‡•– •‡•ǡ ‡–‘†ƒ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ ”ƒì‹‘ƒŽ£ ˜ƒ ˆ‹ …‡ƒ ƒ‹ ’‘–”‹˜‹–£
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˜‘”†‡…‹†‡…ƒ”‡‰”—’—”‹싐–£’‘–ˆ—”‹œƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹‹–”‹•‡…‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ

‡…‹œ‹ƒ ’”‹˜‹† …Ÿ–‡ ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ •ƒ— ‰”—’—”‹ •—– ‡…‡•ƒ”‡ ‹’Ž‹…£ ‘ ‡…Š‹Ž‹„”ƒ”‡ ƒ
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†‡…‡Ž’—싐†‘—£ˆ‘…—•‰”—’—”‹’‡–”—‘˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž£Ǥ—–‘ƒ–‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ…Š‹ƒ”†ƒ…£ƒ˜‡ì‹
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Á–ŸŽ‹ì‹ …— ƒ‹ —Žì‹ ‘ƒ‡‹ ’‡–”— ƒ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ –‡†‹ì‡Ž‡ ç‹ ‘†‡Ž‡Ž‡ †‡
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ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ …ƒœ—”‹Ž‘”ǡ ”ƒì‹‘ƒ‡–—Ž •‡ ˜ƒ „ƒœƒ ’‡ ‘ …‘„‹ƒì‹‡ †‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ ‹…Ž—•‹˜
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Metode de analiz a datelor calitative

ƒ–‡Ž‡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ •—– ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ Á–”Ǧ‘ ˆ‘”£ ‘Ǧ—‡”‹…£Ǥ š‡’Ž‡ †‡
ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž †‡ †ƒ–‡ •—–ǣ –”ƒ•…”‹‡”‹Ž‡ ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘”ǡ ‘–‡ ’”‹˜‹† †‘‡‹—Ž ȋ‘–‡ Ž—ƒ–‡ Á
†‘‡‹—Ž…ƒ”‡‡•–‡•–—†‹ƒ–ȌǡÁ”‡‰‹•–”£”‹˜‹†‡‘ǡƒ—†‹‘ǡ‹ƒ‰‹‹ǡ†‘…—‡–‡ȋ”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡ǡ
’”‘…‡•‡ ˜‡”„ƒŽ‡ ƒŽ‡ Á–ŸŽ‹”‹Ž‘”ǡ ‡Ǧƒ‹ŽǦ—”‹ȌǤ ‡Ž‡ ƒ‹ †‡• Á–ŸŽ‹–‡ ˆ‘”‡ ƒŽ‡ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ •—– …‡ ƒ—‡ ƒ— ƒˆ‹”ƒ– •ƒ— ƒ— ˆ£…—– ‘ƒ‡‹‹ǡ …ƒ — ˆ‡Ž †‡ ‡š’Ž‹…ƒì‹‡ǡ
’”‡…—ç‹‘Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡•ƒ—‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‘”ç‹•‹–—ƒì‹‹Ž‘”…ƒ”‡•—–‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡Ǥ

‡ƒ ƒ‹ ‘„‹ç—‹–£ ƒƒŽ‹œ£ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡•–‡ ‹’”‡•‹ƒ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”—Ž—‹Ǥ š’‡”ì‹‹
‡šƒ‹‡ƒœ£ †ƒ–‡Ž‡ǡ Ž‡ ‹–‡”’”‡–‡ƒœ£ ç‹ Áç‹ ˆ‘”‡ƒœ£ ‘ ‹’”‡•‹‡ ’‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ’‘‹ ‘
”ƒ’‘”–‡ƒœ£Á–”Ǧ‘ˆ‘”£•–”—…–—”ƒ–£ç‹—‡‘”‹…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜£Ǥ

†‡‡ƒ ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ …‘ì‹—–—Ž …ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ •‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜ ç‹ •‹„‘Ž‹… ƒŽ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡ’‡†—”ƒ–ƒƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹‘–‡Ž‘”†‹‹–‡”˜‹—”‹‡•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–•£•‡
ƒˆŽ‡”£•’—•—”‹ƒ•—’”ƒ—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”Á–”‡„£”‹ǣ
x –‡”’”‡–ƒ”‡ƒ”‡•’‘†‡–—Ž—‹ƒ•—’”ƒ•‹–—ƒì‹‡‹Ǣ
x ‡…‡ƒ”‡—ƒ—‹–’—…–†‡˜‡†‡”‡Ǣ
x ƒ”‡‡•–‡ƒ–‹–—†‹‡ƒ•ƒƒ•—’”ƒ•‹–—ƒì‹‡‹Ǣ
x —•‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…£•ƒ—…Žƒ•‹ˆ‹…£’‡•‹‡Á•—ç‹•ƒ—’‡ƒŽì‹‹’”‹…‡‡ƒ…‡•’—‡Ǥ

š‹•–£†‘—£ƒ„‘”†£”‹’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ƿ‘’—•‡dz’‡–”—ƒ†‘…—‡–ƒ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ”‡ƒ…—‡–‘†‡
†‡ ƒƒŽ‹œ£ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ abordarea studiu de caz ‘Ǧ…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜£ ç‹
‡•–”—…–—”ƒ–£ç‹ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ƒ•–”—…–—”ƒ–£’”‹˜‹†analizaconinutului…ƒ”‡‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£
†ƒ–‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥš‹•–£—Ž–‡ƒŽ–‡‡–‘†‡†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡…ƒ”‡…‘„‹£
ƒ„‡Ž‡ƒ„‘”†£”‹ǡ’”‡…—ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ƒ–‹…£ǡ†‡•…”‹•£ƒ‹Œ‘•Ǥ

Analiza de coninut ‡•–‡ ‘ ‡–‘†£ †‡ ƒƒŽ‹œ£ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜£ ƒ
…‘’‘”–ƒ‡–‡Ž‘”Ȁ–‡†‹ì‡Ž‘”Ǥ …‡ƒ•–£ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ •‹•–‡ƒ–‹…£ Ž‹‹–‡ƒœ£ ‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‡
†‹•–‘”•‹—‹‹ ƒƒŽ‹•–—Ž—‹Ǥ •–‡ –‡Š‹…ƒ ’”‡ˆ‡”ƒ–£ ’‡–”— ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘” •‡‹Ǧ
•–”—…–—”ƒ–‡Ǥ…‡•––‹’†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–’‡–”—Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡…—”£•’—•†‡•…Š‹•ǡ
…ƒ”‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–ƒ†£—‰ƒ–‡…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”Á•‘†ƒŒ‡Ž‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡˜‘Ž—‹‘ƒ•‡ǡ’‡”‹ìŸ†
ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž …‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž—‹ •£ …—ƒ–‹ˆ‹…‡ ”£•’—•—”‹Ž‡Ǥ ‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ †‡ …‘ì‹—– ‡•–‡
–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ†‘…—‡–—Ž—‹‘Ǧ…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜Á†ƒ–‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ

‘†—Ž †‡ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ”‡ ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” ‡•–‡ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ •‹‹Žƒ” …— …‡Ž ƒŽ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” †‡
ƒ…Š‡–£Ȁ•‘†ƒŒǤ ”‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ ƒ…‡•–‡‹ ‡–‘†‡ …‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž –”‡…‡ Á ‘† •‹•–‡ƒ–‹…
’”‹ ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ –”ƒ•…”‹‡”‡ǡ ƒ–”‹„—‹‡ …‘†—”‹ǡ …ƒ”‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ —‡”‡ •ƒ— …—˜‹–‡ǡ –”£•£–—”‹Ž‘”
•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž–‡š–—Ž—‹ȋ˜‡œ‹Exemplul 22ȌǤ‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž’‘ƒ–‡ƒ”‡†‡Œƒ‘Ž‹•–£†‡
…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹ •ƒ— ’‘ƒ–‡ …”‡ƒ …ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹Ž‡ …‹–‹† †ƒ–‡Ž‡ (categorizarea datelor)Ǥ ‹‹
…‡”…‡–£–‘”‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‡•…ƒ„‡Ž‡ƒ„‘”†£”‹Ǥ
B …ƒœ—Ž ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ †‡ …‘ì‹—– †‹ …‡”…‡–£”‹Ž‡ ’”‹˜‹† 疋‹ì‡Ž‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ‡ ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒ ’‘ƒ–‡
‹’Ž‹…ƒ …Ÿ– †‡ †‡• ƒ’ƒ” ƒ—‹–‡ …—˜‹–‡ •ƒ— ˆ”ƒœ‡Ǥ B ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ǡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ †‡
…‘ì‹—– ’‘ƒ–‡ ‹’Ž‹…ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ”‡ì‡Ž‡Ž‘” †‡ …‘—‹…ƒ”‡ǡ ’”‡ˆ‡”‹ì‡ǡ –‹’ƒ”‡ †‡
˜‘–ƒ”‡‡–…Ǥ

£•‹”‡ƒ–‡‡Ž‘”‡•–‡—ƒ†‹–”‡’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡’£”싃Ž‡‡–‘†‡Ž‘”†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ”‹—Ž ’ƒ• Á …ƒ†”—Ž ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‰£•‹”‡ ƒ –‡‡‹ ‡•–‡ categorizarea
datelorǤ•–ƒÁ•‡ƒ£‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ’£”ì‹Ž‘”†‹–‡š–ȋ•ƒ—†‹‹ƒ‰‹‹Ȍ狇–‹…Š‡–ƒ”‡ƒ
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ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ’‡–”—ƒ‹†‹…ƒˆƒ’–—Ž…£‡Ž‡•—–‡š‡’Ž‡ƒŽ‡ƒ—‹–‘”‹†‡‹–‡ƒ–‹…‡Ǥ…‡•–
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…— ƒ—‹–‡ ‹†‡‹ –‡ƒ–‹…‡ǡ ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž Á…Ÿ– •£ ’‘ƒ–£ ˆ‹ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ Á’”‡—£ ç‹ •£ ’‘ƒ–£ ˆ‹
”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‹ƒŽ‡†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘”…ƒœ—”‹Ǥ






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ƒ–‡”‹‘” Á …ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œ£”‹Ž‡ †‡•…Š‹•‡Ǥ B ƒ…‡•– ‡š‡’Ž— Ž‹•–ƒ †‡ …ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ”‡Ȁ…‘†ƒ”‡ ƒ”
’—–‡ƒˆ‹ǣ
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x ‡•‹‹•Ǣ
x –‡ì‹‹„—‡Ǣ
x ’‡”ƒìƒ’‡–”—Á„—£–£ì‹”‡Ǣ
x ‡–‹‡–—Ž†‡‹’Ž‹…ƒ”‡Ǥ

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Ž—‰‹ç‹‡…‡•‹–£‡šƒ‹£”‹‹–‡•‹˜‡ǡ‘Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ç‹—‘††‡Ž‡…–—”ƒ”‡Ȁ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ”‡
’‡…ƒ”‡†‘ƒ”ˆ‹‹ì‡Ž‡—ƒ‡Ž‡’‘•‡†£Ǥ•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–’‡–”—ƒƒŽ‹ç–‹•£Áç‹’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…‡‘
’‡”‹‘ƒ†£ †‡ –‹’ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ ’‡–”— ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ ƒ ’”‹‡Ž‘” ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”
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…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ Š‹ƒ” ç‹ ƒ…‡•– ’ƒ• †‡ Á…‡’—–ǡ ƒ‹ —ç‘”ǡ ‹’Ž‹…£ — ƒ—‹– ‹˜‡Ž †‡
‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ”‡ǡƒ‹ƒŽ‡•ƒ–—…‹…Ÿ†ƒ‹—Žì‹ƒƒŽ‹ç–‹…‘†‡ƒœ£†ƒ–‡Ž‡Ǥ

‡–”— ƒ — ˆ‹ …‘’Ž‡ç‹– †‡ ˜‘Ž——Ž ƒ”‡ †‡ †ƒ–‡ ç‹ †‘…—‡–‡ ƒƒŽ‹–‹…‡ǡ ƒƒŽ‹•–—Ž
–”‡„—‹‡ •£ •‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡œ‡Ǥ …‡•– Ž—…”— ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ– Á†‘—£ ‘†—”‹ǣ ƒ—ƒŽ ç‹ …—
ƒŒ—–‘”—Ž…‘’—–‡”—Ž—‹Ǥ

B …ƒ†”—Ž categorizrii datelor manualǡ ‘–‡Ž‡ ç‹ ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‡ •—– –”ƒ•…”‹•‡ǡ ‹ƒ”
–”ƒ•…”‹‡”‹Ž‡ç‹‹ƒ‰‹‹Ž‡•—–…‘’‹ƒ–‡Ǥ‡”…‡–£–‘”—Žˆ‘Ž‘•‡ç–‡ƒ’‘‹ˆ‹ç‹‡”‡ǡ†—Žƒ’—”‹†‡
Á†‘•ƒ”‹‡”‡’‡–”—ƒ…‘Ž‡…–ƒƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‡Ž‡Á–”Ǧ—•‹‰—”Ž‘……ƒ”‡•—–‡š‡’Ž‡†‡–‡‡
•‹‹Žƒ”‡•ƒ—‹†‡‹ƒƒŽ‹–‹…‡Ǥ‡‘„‹…‡‹‡•–‡‡…‡•ƒ”•£•‡ˆƒ…£…‘’‹‹—Ž–‹’Ž‡ƒŽ‡†ƒ–‡Ž‘”
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡ǡ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ƒ…‡Ž‡ƒç‹ †ƒ–‡ ’‘– ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ †‘—£ •ƒ— ƒ‹ —Ž–‡ –‡‡ •ƒ— ‹†‡‹
ƒƒŽ‹–‹…‡Ǥ…‡ƒ•–£ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡‘ˆ‡”£’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒ”‡Ǧ˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒç‹ƒ‡šƒ‹ƒ…‘–‡š–—Ž
ƒ‹Žƒ”‰Á…ƒ”‡†ƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ—ƒ’£”—–Ǥ

‹…‡Á…‡ƒ‹—Žì‹…‡”…‡–£–‘”‹’”‡ˆ‡”£•£—ƒ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‡ƒ•…£•‹•–‡—Ž†‡Á†‘•ƒ”‹‡”‡
ç‹ ’”‡ˆ‡”£ software-ul ‘’—–‡” ••‹•–‡† —ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ–ƒ ƒŽ›•‹• ȋȌǡ …ƒ”‡
‡•–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–’‡–”—ƒ…£—–ƒǡ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒǡ…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒç‹ƒ†‘–ƒ†ƒ–‡†‡–‹’–‡š–•ƒ—˜‹œ—ƒŽ‡Ǥ
š‹•–£†‘—£–‹’—”‹’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡†‡’”‘‰”ƒ‡†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡’‡–”—ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡š–—ƒŽ£ǣ
ͳǤ ‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡…ƒ”‡…ƒ—–£ǡ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡ƒœ£ç‹ƒ†‘–‡ƒœ£†ƒ–‡Ž‡–‡š–—ƒŽ‡’‡–”—˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡
ƒƒŽ‹œ‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹Ȁ•ƒ—…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ȋȌǢ
ʹǤ ‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡…ƒ”‡ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ƒœ£†ƒ–‡Ž‡–‡š–—ƒŽ‡’”‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ•–ƒ–‹•–‹…‹Ž‘”–‡š–—ƒŽ‡ç‹
…‘…‘”†ƒì‡Ž‡ ç‹Ȁ•ƒ— †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ƒ —‘” ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ †‡ …‘ì‹—– „ƒœƒ–‡ ’‡
†‹…ì‹‘ƒ”‡ȋƒ–ƒ…ǡ‘…‘”†ƒ…‡‡–…ǤȌ

”£–‘”—Ž ’ƒ• †—’£ …‘†ƒ”‡ ç‹ …ƒ–‡‰‘”‹œƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ înelegerea analiticǡ †‡ …‡ •—–
Ž—…”—”‹Ž‡ ƒçƒ …— Ž‡Ǧƒ— †‡•…‘’‡”‹– …‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹Ǥ ”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” Á
–‡”‡‹†‡–‡‡Ȁ…‘…‡’–‡Ȁ‹†‡‹Ȁ‹–‡”ƒ…ì‹—‹Ȁ’”‘…‡•‡–”‡„—‹‡”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ–†‡…£–”‡ƒƒŽ‹•–Ǥ
ŽȀ‡ƒ ’”‡‰£–‡ç–‡ ”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡Ž‡ Á …ƒ”‡ ”‡œ—£ ”£•’Ÿ†‹”‡ƒ …‘†—”‹Ž‘”ǡ †‹•…—–£
ƒ•‡££”‹Ž‡ç‹†‡‘•‡„‹”‹Ž‡’”‹˜‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ…‘†—”‹Ž‡ƒ•‘…‹ƒ–‡†‹•—”•‡Ȁ…‘–‡š–‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡
†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ǡ•ƒ—…‘’ƒ”£”‡Žƒì‹ƒ†‹–”‡…‘†—”‹Ǥ—‡š‹•–£ƒŽ–•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡…ƒ”‡•£†‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”‡
ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡†‡…Ÿ–…”‡‹‡”—Ž—ƒǤ

ƒŽ‹œƒ†‡…‘ì‹—–‡•–‡‘–‡Š‹…£ˆƒ…‹Ž£ç‹—‡…‡•‹–£ˆ‘ƒ”–‡—Ž––‹’Ǥƒ”…ƒç‹ƒŽ–‡
–‡Š‹…‹ǡƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒƒ”‡ç‹‡ƒ†‡œƒ˜ƒ–ƒŒ‡Ž‡•ƒŽ‡Ǥ‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡’‘–ˆ‹†‡•–—Ž†‡Dz‰”‘•‹‡”‡dzç‹
•—„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ Š‹ƒ” ç‹ ’‡–”— †ƒ–‡Ž‡ ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ ‡š…Ž—•‹˜£ ƒ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ †‡ …‘ì‹—–
—‡•–‡‘ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡•ƒ–‹•ˆ£…£–‘ƒ”‡ǤƒŽ‹œƒ†‡…‘ì‹—–‡•–‡—„—Á…‡’—–ǡ†ƒ”—‡•–‡
•—ˆ‹…‹‡–Ǥ

”‹–‹…‹‹ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ •—„Ž‹‹ƒœ£ ˆƒ’–—Ž …£ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ …‘†ƒ”‡ …ƒ—–£ •£ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡ †ƒ–‡Ž‡
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Á†ƒ–‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ǡç‹’”‹—”ƒ”‡ǡ†ƒ–‡Ž‡Áç‹’‹‡”††‹„‘‰£ì‹ƒ†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹
ç‹ †‹ –”£•£–—”‹Ž‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡Ǥ ƒŽ‹ç–‹‹ ”£•’—† ƒ…‡•–‡‹ …”‹–‹…‹ ’”‹ ‡š’—‡”‡ƒ
†‡ˆ‹‹ì‹‹Ž‘”Ž‘”…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ…‘†—”‹ç‹‡š’Ž‹…£ƒ—‹–‡–”£•£–—”‹ƒŽ‡†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ

ƒŽ‹œƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ — ‡•–‡ ‡”‡— „ƒœƒ–£ ’‡ …‘†ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ —£”ƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ
‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ — ’”‘…‡• †‡ ”‡ˆŽ‡…–ƒ”‡Ǥ B ƒ…‡•– …ƒœǡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” –‹†‡ •£ †‡˜‹£ ‘
ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡’‡”ƒ‡–£’‡–‘–’ƒ”…—”•—Ž’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž
Á …ƒœ †‡ ‡˜‘‹‡ ‹…Ž—†‡ Á ƒƒŽ‹œ£ –‡‡ ‘‹ǡ ƒ†ƒ’–Ÿ† ç‹ •…Š‹„Ÿ† ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †ƒ…£
‡•–‡‡…‡•ƒ”Ǥ

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‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡ…‡”…‡–£–‘”—Žƒ•—•ì‹—––”‡‹‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ǡ…‘ˆ‘”’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…£”‹‹†‹…ƒŽ‡†ƒ”—Ž
‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘”Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ ’‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘” †‡•…‘’‡”£ …£ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹‹
’—’”‘„Ž‡‡Žƒ…ƒ”‡—•‡‰Ÿ†‹•‡Á’”‡ƒŽƒ„‹ŽǤ烅£…‡”…‡–£–‘”—ŽÁç‹•–”—…–—”‡ƒœ£
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘” ’‡–”— ƒ ‹…Ž—†‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ ’”‘„Ž‡‡ Á —”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ǥ
•–ˆ‡ŽǡÁ•‡ƒ£…£…‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž†‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£‘ƒƒŽ‹œ£ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Á–‹’—Ž’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡
…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ

Analiza tematic‡•–‡‡–‘†ƒ†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž…£”‡‹ƒ‘ƒ‡‹‹
˜‘”„‡•… †‡•’”‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ì‡Ž‡ Ž‘”Ǥ ƒŽ‹œƒ –‡ƒ–‹…£ •‡ …‘…‡–”‡ƒœ£ ’‡ –‡‡ —ç‘” †‡
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–ç‹–‹’ƒ”‡†‡–”ƒ‹ç‹Ȁ•ƒ—…‘’‘”–ƒ‡–ǤƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ƒ–‹…£ƒ†‡•‡ƒ‡•–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£
’‡–”—ƒƒƒŽ‹œƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡†‡Žƒˆ‘…—•‰”—’—”‹ǤǤ

”‹—Ž ’ƒ• ‡•–‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ ‡Ž ƒ‹ „— ‘† ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ •‡•‹—‹Ž‡
ȋ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ ‡–‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡ǡ ˆ‘…—• ‰”—’—”‹Ȍ ç‹ ƒ’‘‹ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ –‹’ƒ”‡Ž‘” †‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ì£
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†…‹–ƒ–‡†‹”‡…–‡•ƒ—’ƒ”ƒˆ”ƒœŸ†‹†‡‹…‘—‡Ǥ

Ž †‘‹Ž‡ƒ ’ƒ• ‡•–‡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ –—–—”‘” †ƒ–‡Ž‘” …ƒ”‡ ƒ— Ž‡‰£–—”£ …— –‹’ƒ”‡Ž‡ †‡Œƒ
…Žƒ•‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡Ǥ

Ž–”‡‹Ž‡ƒ’ƒ•‡•–‡…‘„‹ƒ”‡ƒç‹…ƒ–ƒŽ‘‰ƒ”‡ƒ–‹’ƒ”‡Ž‘”ƒ•‘…‹ƒ–‡Á–‡‡ȋ•—„‹‡…–‡†‡
…‘˜‡”•ƒì‹‡ǡ ˜‘…ƒ„—Žƒ”ǡ Áì‡Ž‡•—”‹ǡ •‡–‹‡–‡ ‡–…ǤȌǤ ‡‡Ž‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‡ Á —”ƒ
’‘˜‡ç–‹Ž‘” ‡š’—•‡ †‡ …£–”‡ ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹ •—– ’—•‡ …ƒ’ Žƒ …ƒ’ …— •…‘’—Ž †‡ ƒ …”‡ƒ —
…‘–‡š–ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ì‡‹Ž‘”…‘Ž‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ

Ž ’ƒ–”—Ž‡ƒ ’ƒ• †—’£ …‡ –‡‡Ž‡ •—– …‘„‹ƒ–‡ Á–”Ǧ— …ƒ†”— …—’”‹œ£–‘” ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ
‘„싐‡ˆ‡‡†„ƒ…†‹’ƒ”–‡ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”Ǥ
‡Ž †‡ǦƒŽ …‹…‹Ž‡ƒ ’ƒ• ‡•–‡ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹”‡ƒ ——‹ ƒ”‰—‡– ˜ƒŽ‹† ’‡–”— ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ƒ –‡‡Ž‘”Ǥ
‡…–—”ƒ”‡ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‹‹†‡•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡‡•–‡‹’Ž‹…ƒ–£ƒ‹…‹ǡ†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡…‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž‘„싐‡
ƒ’”‘„£”‹Ž‡’”‹˜‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡‘„싐—–‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘”•ƒ—ƒŽ•‡•‹—‹Ž‘”
†‡ –‡”ƒ’‹‡Ǥ †ƒ–£ –‡‡Ž‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ ç‹ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”ƒ •–—†‹ƒ–£ǡ …‡”…‡–£–‘”—Ž ‡•–‡ ’”‡‰£–‹–
’‡–”—ƒˆ‘”—Žƒ†‡…Žƒ”ƒì‹‹Ž‡’”‹˜‹†–‡‡Ž‡’‡–”—ƒ‰‡‡”ƒ—ˆ‹”ƒŽ’‘˜‡ç–‹‹Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 23. Primii doi pai ai analizei tematice

O familie a fost intervievat pentru a înelege mai bine experiena lor cu sistemul juridic
privind delicvena juvenil. Întregul interviu a fost transcris. Primul tipar de experien
pus pe list au fost diferitele explicaii de la diveri membri ai familiei cu privire la
motivul pentru care tânrul familiei a fost arestat. Cel de-al doilea tipar a fost
atitudinea fiecrui membru al familiei cu privire la ceea s-a întâmplat.Apoi tot ceea ce
se încadra în tiparul specific era identificat i plasat în dreptul tiparului corespunztor.
De exemplu, fiecare membru al familiei îi numea într-un fel sau altul "atitudinea" în
timp ce vorbea. Tatl a afirmat c este "iritat", mama a spus c este "protectoare", iar
fiul a zis c "I-a prut ru pentru ce a fcut"Ǥ


烅—ƒˆ‘•–‡ì‹‘ƒ–ƒ‹†‡˜”‡‡ǡstudiul de caz ‡•–‡‘‡–‘†£‡•–”—…–—”ƒ–£

†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ”‹–‹…‹‹ƒ…‡•–‡‹‡–‘†‡…‘•‹†‡”£…£•–—†‹—Ž——‹—£”
ƒ‹ ”‡†—• †‡ …ƒœ—”‹ — ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ‘ „ƒœ£ ’‡–”— •–ƒ„‹Ž‹”‡ƒ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž—‹ †‡ Á…”‡†‡”‡ ƒŽ
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…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘” ç‹ ’”‹ —”ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ —–‹Ž£ †‘ƒ” •—„ ˆ‘”ƒ ——‹ ‹•–”—‡– †‡
†‘…—‡–ƒ”‡Ǥ—–‘ƒ–‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ‡•–‡†‡•ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£…—•—……‡•Á‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”Ǥ

–—†‹—Ž†‡…ƒœ‡•–‡‘Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–£ƒ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ǡ‡˜‡‹‡–—Ž—‹•ƒ—•‹–—ƒì‹‡‹Ǥ
…‡ƒ•–£ ‡–‘†£ ‡•–‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ Á …ƒœ—”‹Ž‡ Á …ƒ”‡ Á–”‡„ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ Á•‡ƒ£
†‡•…‘’‡”‹”‡ƒ ˆ—†ƒ‡–—Ž—‹ ——‹ ’”‘…‡• †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ——‹ ‰”—’ ”‡†—• †‡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹
•ƒ—…Š‹ƒ”‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǡ‡‹–‡”‡ƒ—‘”…‘…Ž—œ‹‹†‘ƒ”†‡•’”‡ƒ…‡Ž’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–•ƒ—‰”—’ç‹
ˆ£”£ ƒ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œƒǤ –—†‹‹Ž‡ †‡ …ƒœ — †‡‘•–”‡ƒœ£ ‹’‘–‡œ‡ ç‹ — ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹œ‡ƒœ£
ƒ†‡˜£”—ŽǤ—Á…‡ƒ”…£•£‰£•‡ƒ•…£”‡Žƒì‹‹Ž‡…ƒ—œ£Ǧ‡ˆ‡…–†ƒ”’—ƒ……‡–—Ž’‡‡š’Ž‘”ƒ”‡
ç‹ †‡•…”‹‡”‡Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ ’‡ „ƒœƒ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡Ž‘” ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ ’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‘”
…‘…”‡–‡ǡ•–—†‹‹Ž‡†‡…ƒœ’‘–•—‰‡”ƒ†‹”‡…ì‹‹’‡–”—…‡‹…ƒ”‡ˆ‘”—Ž‡ƒœ£’‘Ž‹–‹…‹’‡–”—
Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”Ǥ

Metode de analiz a datelor cantitative

ƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ—‘•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹‡’‡–”—…Ž‹‡–†‘ƒ”†—’£…‡•—–‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‡ç‹…‘—‹…ƒ–‡Á
‘† ‡ˆ‹…‹‡– Á …‘ˆ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ …— ‹–‡”‡•‡Ž‡ …Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹Ǥ  ˜‘Ž— ’”‡ƒ ƒ”‡ †‡ †ƒ–‡
†‡œ‘”‹‡–‡ƒœ£ …‹–‹–‘”—Ž ç‹ ’‘ƒ–‡ …”‡ƒ …‘ˆ—œ‹‡ Á ’‡”…‡’‡”‡ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ †‡•‡ƒ
†ƒ–‡Ž‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…‡ ‡š–‡•‹˜‡ •—– ‹…Ž—•‡ …ƒ ƒ‡š‡ ƒŽ‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ š‹•–£ –”‡‹ –‹’—”‹
’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡†‡†ƒ–‡ǣ
x Date fracionare/numerice•—–…‹ˆ”‡Dz”‡ƒŽ‡dzǤ…‡•–‡†ƒ–‡’‡”‹–‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ”‡ƒ
†‹˜‡”•‡Ž‘” ‘’‡”ƒì‹‹ ƒ–‡ƒ–‹…‡ǡ †‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ ˜‘Ž——Ž †‡ „‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ‡
ƒ…‘”†ƒ–‡ˆ‹‡…£”‡‹‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹’‡Ž—£Ǣ
x Datele nominale ’”‡œ‹–£ †ƒ–‡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ …‘†ƒ–‡ Á …‹ˆ”‡ ç‹ •‡”˜‡•… †”‡’–
ƒ„”‡˜‹‡”‹ƒŽ‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘”Ǥ…‡Ž‡…‹ˆ”‡—ƒ—‹…‹—Áì‡Ž‡•†‡•‹‡•–£–£–‘”ǡ†‡
‡š‡’Ž—ǡͳα…£•£–‘”‹–ǡʹᐇ…£•£–‘”‹–ǡ͵ᆋ˜‘”샖Ǣ
x Datele ordinale’”‡œ‹–£†ƒ–‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡…‘†ƒ–‡Á…‹ˆ”‡ǡ†ƒ”†‹ˆ‡”‡ìƒˆƒì£†‡
†ƒ–‡Ž‡‘‹ƒŽ‡‡•–‡…£ƒ…‡•–‡…‹ˆ”‡ƒ——Áì‡Ž‡•Ǥ—–‘ƒ–‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ‡Ž‡—’‘–ˆ‹
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ ’‡–”— …ƒŽ…—Ž‡ǡ †‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ ͳαˆ‘ƒ”–‡ •ƒ–‹•ˆ£…—– †‡ •‡”˜‹…‹‹ǡ
ʹᕃ–‹•ˆ£…—–ǡ͵ᑃ”‡…—•ƒ–‹•ˆ£…—–ǡͶᐇ•ƒ–‹•ˆ£…—–Ǥ

B ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ …ƒœ—”‹Ž‘” †‡ …‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹’Ž‹…£ –”‡‹ ’ƒç‹
ƒŒ‘”‹ǣ
x ”‰ƒ‹œƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”’‡–”—ƒƒŽ‹œ£ȋ’”‡‰£–‹”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ȌǢ
x ‡•…”‹‡”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ȋ•–ƒ–‹•–‹…£†‡•…”‹’–‹˜£ȌǢ
x ‡•–ƒ”‡ƒ‹’‘–‡œ‡Ž‘”狏‘†‡Ž‡Ž‘”ȋ•–ƒ–‹•–‹…£‹ˆ‡”‡ì‹ƒŽ£ȌǤ

‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž pregtirii datelor Ȃ ’”‹—Ž ’ƒ• ƒŽ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” Ȃ †ƒ–‡Ž‡ •—–
‹–”‘†—•‡ǡ ˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ †‹ ’—…– †‡ ˜‡†‡”‡ ƒŽ ƒ…—”ƒ–‡ì‡‹ǡ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‡ ç‹ –”ƒ•’—•‡ Á
„ƒœƒ †‡ †ƒ–‡ …ƒ”‡ ‹–‡‰”‡ƒœ£ †‹˜‡”•‡ £•—”‹ †‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒì£ǡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡ Á–”‡„£”‹‹ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǤB …ƒ†”—Ž ”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡Ž‘” †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ’ƒ”–‡ƒ Ž‡‰ƒ–£ †‡ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ’”‡‰£–‹”‡ƒ
†ƒ–‡Ž‘”–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡•…—”–£ç‹•£•‡…‘…‡–”‡œ‡†‘ƒ”’‡ƒ•’‡…–‡Ž‡—‹…‡ƒŽ‡•–—†‹—Ž—‹Ǥ

‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ £•‘ƒ”£ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž †‡ ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ ƒŽ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”
‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ȁ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ȁ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ †˜•Ǥ •–ƒ Á•‡ƒ£ …£ ’‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹‹†‡Ƭ‘„싐‡ì‹‘…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‡ƒ”‡†‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ǥ–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒ˜£’‡”‹–‡
•£†‡•…”‹‡ì‹ƒ…‡•–•‡–†‡†ƒ–‡ç‹•£‡‹–‡ì‹†‡…Žƒ”ƒì‹‹ç‹Œ—†‡…£ì‹…—’”‹˜‹”‡Žƒ‘’‘’—Žƒì‹‡
†‹ †ƒ–‡Ž‡ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹ ‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ …‡ƒ•–ƒ ‡•–‡ •ƒ”…‹ƒ
 77

—”£–‘”‹Ž‘” ’ƒç‹ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǣ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…£ †‡•…”‹’–‹˜£ ç‹
‹ˆ‡”‡ì‹ƒŽ£Ǥ

Statistica descriptiv ‡•–‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£ ’‡–”— ƒ †‡•…”‹‡ …‡ ƒ—‡ ’”‡œ‹–£ †ƒ–‡Ž‡Ǥ
—”‹œ‡ƒœ£ ”‡œ—ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘” £•—”‹ ƒŽ‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹Ǥ –ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒ †‡•…”‹’–‹˜£
’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹‡š’”‹ƒ–£•—„ˆ‘”ƒ†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘”‰”ƒˆ‹…‡•ƒ—–ƒ„‡Ž‡ç‹‡•–‡„ƒœƒ‘”‹…£”‡‹ƒƒŽ‹œ‡
…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ ‘Ž——Ž †‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ƒ”‡ ç‹ †‹ˆ‹…‹Ž †‡ Áì‡Ž‡•ǡ ’”‹
—”ƒ”‡ǡ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ ‡•–‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ– Á –ƒ„‡Ž‡ ç‹ ‰”ƒˆ‹…‡ ”‡œ—ƒ– …ƒ”‡ ’”‡œ‹–£ †‘ƒ”
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡…‡Ž‡ƒ‹”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡Ǥ

š‹•–£–”‡‹–”£•£–—”‹ƒŒ‘”‡…ƒ”‡•—–ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Á•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒ†‡•…”‹’–‹˜£’‡–”—ƒ†‡•…”‹‡
–”£•£–—”‹Ž‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘”ǣ
x †‹•–”‹„—싃ǡ
x –‡†‹ìƒ…‡–”ƒŽ£ǡ
x †‹•’‡”•‹ƒǤ

…‡Ž‡ƒç‹ –”£•£–—”‹ •—– ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ ç‹ ’‡–”— ‘”‹…‡ –‹’ †‡ †‡•…”‹‡”‡ Á …ƒœ—”‹Ž‡ Á …ƒ”‡
ƒ–‹…‹’ƒì‹ ƒ—‹–‡ –‹’ƒ”‡ Á ˜‹‹–‘”ǡ ‹…Ž—•‹˜ Á …ƒœ—Ž •–—†‹—Ž—‹ †‡ ‹’ƒ…– ‡šǦƒ–‡
’”‹˜‹†’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡Ǥ

Distribuia ‘ˆ‡”£ ‘ „—£ ‹ƒ‰‹‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ£ ƒ•—’”ƒ —‘” ‘„•‡”˜ƒì‹‹ —‡”‘ƒ•‡ ƒŽ‡
—‡‹•‹‰—”‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ǥ‹•–”‹„—싃†‡ˆ”‡…˜‡ì‡‡•–‡†‹•–”‹„—싃’‡…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡Ǥ•–‡—–‹Ž£
’‡–”— ƒ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‡ ‘‹ƒŽ‡ •ƒ— ‘”†‹ƒŽ‡ǡ †‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ’”‹˜‹†
•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…싃…Ž‹‡ì‹Ž‘”Ǥ‹•–”‹„—싃’”‘…‡–—ƒŽ£‡•–‡†‡‡š‡’Ž—Ž‹•–ƒ”‡ƒ—£”—Ž—‹•ƒ—
’”‘…‡–—Ž—‹ †‡‡Ž‡˜‹ †‡ Žƒ ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡‹˜‡Ž †‡Á˜£ì£Ÿ–Ǥ‹•–”‹„—ì‹‹Ž‡ ’‘–ˆ‹ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‡
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†—Ǧ•‡‰”ƒˆ‹…‡•ƒ—–ƒ„‡Ž‡Ǥ

š‹•–£ƒ’”‘š‹ƒ–‹˜ʹͲ†‡–‹’—”‹†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡†‡†‹•–”‹„—싇ǡ†ƒ”…‡Žƒ‹†‡•Á–ŸŽ‹–‡•–‡ƒçƒ
—‹–ƒ †‹•–”‹„—싇 ‘”ƒŽ£Ǥ B•‡ƒ£ …£ ƒ”‡ƒ ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” •—– Ž‘…ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡
ƒ’”‘ƒ’‡ †‡ ‡†‹‡ ç‹ …— …Ÿ– ‡ Á†‡’£”–£ ƒ‹ —Ž– †‡ ‡†‹‡ǡ …— ƒ–Ÿ– ‡š‹•–£ ƒ‹
’—싐‡£•—”£–‘”‹Ǥ—Ž–‡†‹–”‡£•—”£–‘”‹Ž‡†‹˜‹ƒìƒ”‡ƒŽ£•—–†‹•–”‹„—‹–‡‘”ƒŽǦ
Á£Žì‹‡ǡ‰”‡—–ƒ–‡ǡ•…‘”†‡–‡•–ǡ˜‡‹–‡–…Ǥǡ狉”ƒˆ‹…—Ž†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ƒ”‡‘…—”„£Áˆ‘”£†‡
…Ž‘’‘–Ǥ

Tendina central ’”‡œ‹–£Dz…‡–”—Ždz•‡–—Ž—‹†‡†ƒ–‡ǣ

Ǧmedia‡•–‡‘˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡•ƒ—•—£‡†‹‡ƒn—‡”‡†‹˜‹œƒ–‡Žƒn. ‡†‹‡‡•–‡‘
£•—”£ —–‹Ž£ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ‡•–‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜ †‡ Á…”‡†‡”‡ Á •‡•—Ž …£ ‡†‹‹Ž‡ —Ž–‘”
‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡†‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ƒ…‡Ž‡‹ƒç‹ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‹ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ — ƒ— ˆŽ—…–—ƒì‹‹ ’”‡ƒ ƒ”‹Ǥ
—•‡ƒ’Ž‹…£Á…ƒœ—”‹Ž‡…Ÿ†•‡–—Ž†‡†ƒ–‡ƒ”‡—Ž–‡˜ƒŽ‘”‹ǡ…ƒ”‡•—–†‡’ƒ”–‡
†‡ Dz…‡–”—dz ȋ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ ƒ„‡”ƒ–£ȌǤ B ƒ…‡•– …ƒœ ‘ £•—”£ ƒ‹ „—£ ƒ –‡†‹ì‡‹
…‡–”ƒŽ‡‡•–‡‡†‹ƒƒǤ

Ǧmediana ‡•–‡ ’—…–—Ž †‡ ‹ŒŽ‘… ƒŽ —— •‡– †‡ †ƒ–‡Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ †‡•…‘’‡”‹
‡†‹ƒƒǡ†ƒ–‡Ž‡–”‡„—‹‡ƒ”ƒŒƒ–‡†‡Žƒ…‡Ž‡…—˜ƒŽ‘”‹Ž‡…‡Ž‡ƒ‹‹…‹Žƒ…‡Ž‡…—
˜ƒŽ‘”‹Ž‡ …‡Ž‡ ƒ‹ ƒ”‹ǡ ‹ƒ” ƒ„‹ƒ ƒ’‘‹ ƒˆŽƒì‹ …ƒ”‡ ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ •‹–—ƒ–£ ‡šƒ…– Žƒ
‹ŒŽ‘…Ǥ £•—”ƒ”‡ƒ ‡†‹ƒ‡‹ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ —–‹Ž£ ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† †ƒ–‡Ž‡ ‹…Ž—† ˜ƒŽ‘”‹
ˆ‘ƒ”–‡‹…‹•ƒ—ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ƒ”‹ǡ…ƒ”‡ƒ”’—–‡ƒ†‹•–‘”•‹‘ƒ‡†‹ƒǤ
 78


EXEMPLUL 24. Venitul mediu i median

Într-o ar care are o clas de mijloc slab dezvoltat i cu foarte puini oameni bogai
calcularea venitului mediei pe lun nu prezint o imagine real. Valoarea medie a
venitului pe lun va fi mai mare decât venitul median pentru c venitul foarte mare este
o valoare aberant, care distorsioneaz imaginea general. Aa c în schimb, folosirea
venitului median prezint punctul de mijloc al tuturor veniturilor i nu este distorsionat
de valori foarte mari.

Ǧmodul‡•–‡†‡ˆ‹‹–†”‡’–˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ƒ…ƒ”‡ƒ’ƒ”‡…—…‡ƒƒ‹ƒ”‡ˆ”‡…˜‡ì£ç‹ƒ‹
†‡• †‡…Ÿ– ‘ •‹‰—”£ †ƒ–£Ǥ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ †ƒ…£ †‘”‹ì‹ •£ ƒˆŽƒì‹ …ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ …ƒ”–‡ƒ
’”‡ˆ‡”ƒ–£ƒ…‘’‹‹Ž‘”†‡‰”£†‹‹ì£ǡÁ…ƒ†”—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹’—–‡ì‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ƒ‘†Ǥ

‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ†‡„ƒœ£ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ȁ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹‡•–‹ƒ”‡ƒ•—‡Ž‘”–‘–ƒŽ‡ǡ‡†‹‹Ž‘”ǡ
˜£ ˜ƒ ’‡”‹–‡ •£ ƒƒŽ‹œƒì‹ •—ˆ‹…‹‡– †ƒ–‡Ž‡Ǥ …‡•–‡ ’”‘…‡†—”‹ •‹’Ž‡ ‡š’Ž‹…£ ”‡œ‘Ž˜£
’”‘„Ž‡‡ç‹•—–—ç‘”†‡Áì‡Ž‡•†‡…£–”‡ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ

ƒ…£†ƒ–‡Ž‡ƒ—‘…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡„—£”‡œ‘ƒ„‹Ž£ç‹•—–”ƒ’‘”–ƒ–‡Á‘†…Žƒ”ǡ‡•–‡’‘•‹„‹Ž…ƒ
£•—”‹Ž‡†‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…£†‡•…”‹’–‹˜£†‡•…”‹•‡ƒ‹Œ‘••£—ˆ‹‡‡…‡•ƒ”‡Ǥ—–‘ƒ–‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ
’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡ ƒ”‹ ȋ†‡ ‡š‡’Ž— †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ£Ȍ •ƒ— ‘†‹ˆ‹…£”‹Ž‡ ƒŒ‘”‡ †‡
’‘Ž‹–‹…£ȋ†‡‡š‡’Ž—”‡ˆ‘”ƒ’”‹˜‹†‹’‘œ‹–—ŽȌ’‘–‡…‡•‹–ƒˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒƒ…‡•–‘”£•—”‹Ǥ

Dispersia •‡ ”‡ˆ‡”£ Žƒ ‡š–‹†‡”‡ƒ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹Ž‘” Á Œ—”—Ž –‡†‹ì‡‹ …‡–”ƒŽ‡Ǥ š‹•–£ †‘—£
£•—”‹…‘—‡†‡†‹•’‡”•‹‡ǣƒ’Ž‹–—†‹‡ƒç‹ƒ„ƒ–‡”‡ƒ•–ƒ†ƒ”†Ǥ
x Amplitudinea ‡•–‡ ’—”ç‹•‹’Ž—…‡ƒƒ‹ƒ”‡˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡‹—•˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ƒ…‡ƒƒ‹
‹…£Ǥ‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡ†ƒ…£…‡Žƒ‹˜Ÿ”•–‹…’ƒ…‹‡–†‹•’‹–ƒŽƒ”‡ͺ͹†‡ƒ‹ç‹…‡Ž
ƒ‹–Ÿ£”ƒ”‡ͳͲƒ‹ǡƒ–—…‹ƒ’Ž‹–—†‹‡ƒ’”‹˜‹†˜Ÿ”•–ƒ’ƒ…‹‡ì‹Ž‘”†‹•’‹–ƒŽ
‡•–‡†‡͹͹†‡ƒ‹Ǥ

x Abaterea standard ’”‡œ‹–£ …Ÿ– †‡ Á’”£ç–‹ƒ–‡ •—– ˜ƒŽ‘”‹Ž‡ Á–”Ǧ— ƒ—‹–
•‡– †‡ †ƒ–‡ †‹ Œ—”—Ž ‡†‹‡‹Ǥ „ƒ–‡”‡ƒ •–ƒ†ƒ”† ‡•–‡ •‡•‹„‹Ž£ Žƒ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹ǡ …ƒ”‡
•—– ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡ †‡ …‡–”— ȋ˜ƒŽ‘”‹ ƒ„‡”ƒ–‡ȌǤ  •‹‰—”£ ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ ƒ„‡”ƒ–£
’‘ƒ–‡”‹†‹…ƒƒ„ƒ–‡”‡ƒ•–ƒ†ƒ”†ç‹’‘ƒ–‡†‹•–‘”•‹‘ƒ‹ƒ‰‹‡ƒÁ’”£ç–‹‡”‹‹Ǥ
ƒ…£ –‘ƒ–‡ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹Ž‡ ——‹ •‡– †‡ †ƒ–‡ •—– Žƒ ˆ‡Žǡ ƒ„ƒ–‡”‡ƒ •–ƒ†ƒ”† ‡•–‡ œ‡”‘
ȋ†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡‡•–‡‡‰ƒŽ£…—‡†‹ƒȌǤƒ…£—Ž–‡’—…–‡†‡†ƒ–‡•—–
†‡’ƒ”–‡ †‡ ‡†‹‡ǡ ƒ–—…‹ ƒ„ƒ–‡”‡ƒ•–ƒ†ƒ”† ‡•–‡ ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡ †‡ ƒŽ–£’ƒ”–‡ǡ†ƒ…£
—Ž–‡ ’—…–‡ †‡ †ƒ–‡ •—– ƒ’”‘ƒ’‡ †‡ ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ƒ ‡†‹‡ǡ ƒ–—…‹ ƒ„ƒ–‡”‡ƒ
•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡•–‡”‡†—•£Ǥ„ƒ–‡”‡ƒ•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡•–‡‡š’”‹ƒ–£Áƒ…‡Ž‡ƒç‹—‹–£ì‹…ƒç‹
†ƒ–‡Ž‡Ǥ…‡Ž‡˜ƒŽ‘”‹’‘–ˆ‹…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹†—Ǧ•‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ǥ
‡–”— — •‡– †‡ †ƒ–‡ †‹•–”‹„—‹– ‘”ƒŽǡ ”‡‰—Žƒ ‡’‹”‹…£ ƒˆ‹”£ …£ Á Œ—” †‡
͸ͺΨ †‹–”‡ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹Ž‡ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ †‹–”Ǧ‘ †‹•–”‹„—싇 ‘”ƒŽ£ •—– …— ‘ ƒ„ƒ–‡”‡
•–ƒ†ƒ”† ƒ‹ †‡’ƒ”–‡ †‡ ‡†‹‡ǡ ͻͷΨ †‹–”‡ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹ •—– …— †‘—£ ƒ„ƒ–‡”‹
•–ƒ†ƒ”†ǡ‹ƒ”ͻͻǡ͹Ψ…—–”‡‹ƒ„ƒ–‡”‹•–ƒ†ƒ”†Ǥ


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EXEMPLUL 25. Abaterea standard a venitului mediu

Dac tim c pentru o populaie venitul mediu este de 50.000 EUR i abaterea standard
este 10.000 EUR, putem spune c 68% din populaie are un venit între 40.000 i 60.000
EUR. 95% din populaie ar avea venituri între 30.000 i 70.000 EUR. Astfel, dac am fi
întrebai care este probabilitatea ca o persoan din aceast populaie s aib un venit
ce depete 70.000 EUR, am estima c trebuie s fie în mare de 2,5 % anse (pentru c
5% au venituri care depesc intervalul 30.000 – 70.000 EUR).



‡ç‹ ƒ„ƒ–‡”‡ƒ •–ƒ†ƒ”† ‡•–‡ ‘ £•—”£ —–‹Ž£ ’‡–”— ƒ …Žƒ”‹ˆ‹…ƒ …Ÿ– †‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ •—–
”£•’—•—”‹Ž‡Žƒ‘ƒ—‹–£Á–”‡„ƒ”‡ǡ‡•–‡†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡†‡–‡”‹ƒ–†ƒ…£ƒ„ƒ–‡”‡ƒ•–ƒ†ƒ”†
‡•–‡ ‹…£ •ƒ— ƒ”‡ǡ ˆ£”£ ƒ ‘ …‘’ƒ”ƒ …— ˜‘Ž——Ž ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ
ƒ‰‹–—†‹‡ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹˜£ƒƒ„ƒ–‡”‹‹•–ƒ†ƒ”†–”‡„—‹‡Á’£”ì‹–£Žƒ‡†‹‡Ǥ•–ƒ”‡’”‡œ‹–£
ƒçƒ —‹–—Ž coeficient de variaie. ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ †ƒ…£ ‡†‹ƒ ‡•–‡ Ͳǡͷ ç‹ ƒ„ƒ–‡”‡ƒ
•–ƒ†ƒ”† ‡•–‡ Ͳǡʹ ƒ–—…‹ …‘‡ˆ‹…‹‡–—Ž †‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒì‹‡ ‡•–‡ ͲǡʹȀͲǡͷ α ͲǡͶǤ ”ƒ–£ …£ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹Ž‡
•—–Žƒ”‰Á’”£ç–‹ƒ–‡ȋͶͲΨȌÁŒ—”—Ž˜ƒŽ‘”‹‹‡†‹‹Ǥ

‡ ’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ”‡ˆ‘”‡Ž‘” •‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‹˜‹† ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹ ’‡
’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘” –”ƒ•˜‡”•ƒŽ‡ǡ —”£–‘”—Ž ’ƒ• †—’£ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒ
†‡•…”‹’–‹˜£‡•–‡†‡•…‘’‡”‹”‡ƒ…ƒ—œƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹ç‹‹˜‡Ž—Ž—‹†‡‹ˆŽ—‡ì£ƒŽ‡ƒ—‹–‘”ˆƒ…–‘”‹
ƒ•—’”ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž—‹ ƒç–‡’–ƒ– ƒŽ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ …‡ƒ•–£ •ƒ”…‹£ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ–£ ’”‹
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ —Ž–‹—Ž—‹ ’ƒ• Ȃ …‡Ž ƒ‹ …‘’Ž‹…ƒ– ’ƒ ƒŽ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” Ȃ statistica
inferenialǤ –ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒ ‹ˆ‡”‡ì‹ƒŽ£ ƒ•—’”ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ ˜£ ’‘– ƒŒ—–ƒ •£ ‰£•‹ì‹
”£•’—•—”‹ Žƒ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ ‘†—Ž Á …ƒ”‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ †‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹ …ƒ”‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡ƒœ£
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ •—– Ž‡‰ƒì‹ Á–”‡ ‡‹ǡ …ƒ”‡ †‹–”‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ ƒ”‡ ‘ ‹ˆŽ—‡ì£ ƒ‹ ƒ”‡ǡ
…ƒ”‡ˆƒ…–‘”—‡•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–’‡–”—ƒ–‹‰‡”‡ƒ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ

š‹•–£ ƒ‹ —Ž–‡ –‡•–‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…‡ ȋ–‡•–—ŽǦ–ǡ –‡•–—ŽǦœȌǡ …ƒ”‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ ’‡–”— ƒ
”£•’—†‡ Žƒ Á–”‡„ƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ…£ †‘—£ •ƒ— ƒ‹ —Ž–‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ •—– ƒ•‘…‹ƒ–‡ •ƒ—
‹†‡’‡†‡–‡Ǥ Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ –‡•–‡Ž‘” †‡’‹†‡ †‡ –‹’—Ž †ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ ’”‡…— ç‹ †‡ —£”—Ž ç‹
–‹’—Ž‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡Ž‘”Ǥ

‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž –‡•–‡ƒœ£ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ …‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ •ƒ— ‹’‘–‡œ‡Ž‡ ’”‹
†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ‡–‘†‡ ȋ”‡‰”‡•‹‡ǡ …‘”‡Žƒì‹‡ǡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ˜ƒ”‹ƒì‹‡‹ ȋȌǡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”
‡–…ǤȌǤ…‡•–‡ƒ‹†‹…£…Ÿ–†‡’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‡•–‡…ƒ”‡Žƒì‹ƒ•ƒ—ƒ•‘…‹‡”‹Ž‡†‡•…‘’‡”‹–‡Á†ƒ–‡Ž‡
†‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ •£ †‡•…”‹‡ –”£•£–—”‹ ƒŽ‡ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž …£”‡‹ƒ •Ǧƒ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–
‡çƒ–‹‘—Žǡ•ƒ—†ƒ…£ǡÁ–‡”‡‹•–ƒ–‹•–‹…‹ǡ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡•—–•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ

•–ˆ‡Žǡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒ ‹ˆ‡”‡ì‹ƒŽ£ ’‡–”— ƒ ˆƒ…‡ †‡†—…ì‹‹ ȋ…‘…Ž—œ‹‹Ȍ †‹ †ƒ–‡Ž‡
‘ƒ•–”‡ …£–”‡ …‘†‹ì‹‹ ƒ‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡Ǣ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒ †‡•…”‹’–‹˜£ †‘ƒ” ’‡–”— ƒ
†‡•…”‹‡…‡ƒ—‡•‡Á–Ÿ’Ž£Á†ƒ–‡Ž‡‘ƒ•–”‡Ǥ

ƒ †‹–”‡ …‡Ž ƒ‹ †‡• ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ ‡–‘†‡ ’‡–”— ƒ †‡•…‘’‡”‹ …ƒ—œƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹Ž‘”
ˆƒ…–‘”‹…ƒ”‡’‘–‹ˆŽ—‡ìƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž—‡‹’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ȁ’”‘‰”ƒ‡•–‡analiza prin regresie
multiplǤ…‘’—Žƒ…‡•–‡‹ƒ‡•–‡†‡ƒ†‡•…‘’‡”‹‡…—ƒì‹ƒŽ‹‹‡‹…ƒ”‡•‡’‘–”‹˜‡ç–‡…‡Žƒ‹
„‹‡ ’‡–”— ƒ †‡•…”‹‡ †‹•’‡”•‹ƒ •‡–—Ž—‹ †‡ †ƒ–‡ ç‹ ’”‹ —”ƒ”‡ •£ †‡•…”‹‡ •‹–—ƒì‹ƒ
…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘” …— …‡ƒ ƒ‹ ”‡†—•£ ‡”‘ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡‰”‡•‹ƒ —Ž–‹’Ž£ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–£ Á –‘ƒ–‡
–‹’—”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǣ ‡š’‡”‹‡–‡ǡ …˜ƒ•‹Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–‡ǡ ‘Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–‡Ǥ
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—…–—Ž ˆ‘”–‡ ƒŽ ƒ…‡•–‡‹ ‡–‘†‡ ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ †‡‘•–”ƒ ’—–‡”‡ƒ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘”ǡ …ƒ”‡
‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡ƒœ£ †‹”‡…– ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ǡ †‡ ƒ ‡š…Ž—†‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡ƒœ£
‹†‹”‡…– ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ȋˆƒ…–‘”‹ ‡š–‡”‹ †‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹Ȍ ç‹ †‡ ƒ †‡•…‘’‡”‹ …ƒ—œƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ …—
…‡ƒ ƒ‹ ‹…£ eroare standard ’‘•‹„‹Ž£ǡ …‡‡ƒ …‡ ‹†‹…£ …Ÿ– †‡ —Ž– ’‘ƒ–‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ —
’ƒ”ƒ‡–”—‡•–‹ƒ–ˆƒì£†‡˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ƒ”‡ƒŽ£Ǥ–—…‹…Ÿ†‡”‘ƒ”‡ƒ•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡•–‡‹…£Á
”‡Žƒì‹‡…—†‹‡•‹—‡ƒ’ƒ”ƒ‡–”—Ž—‹‡•–‹ƒ–ǡ…‘‡ˆ‹…‹‡–—Ž‡•–‡•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜†‹’—…–
†‡˜‡†‡”‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…Ǥ

Bƒ‹–‡ …ƒ …‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ •£ ƒ’Ž‹…‡ ”‡‰”‡•‹ƒ —Ž–‹’Ž£ǡ ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ Á’”‡—£ …—
ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ç‹ …‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ †‡…‹†£ …ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ …‡Ž‡ ƒ‹
•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹’”‹—”ƒ”‡£•—”ƒ„‹Ž‡Á†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡‘†‡Ž‡†‡”‡‰”‡•‹‡Ǥ”£–‘”—Ž’ƒ•
‡•–‡†‡ƒ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ—model statistic. …‡•–‘†‡Ž…‘ì‹‡—•‡–ƒŽ–—–—”‘”˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘”
…ƒ”‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡ƒœ£ †‹”‡…– ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ǡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‡š–‡”‹ ç‹ ‡”‘ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ £•—”ƒ”‡Ǥ
B–”Ǧ‘ •‹–—ƒì‹‡ ‹†‡ƒŽ£ǡ „‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”—Ž ’ƒ”–‹…‹’£ Žƒ ‘ Á–ŸŽ‹”‡ ‹‹ì‹ƒŽ£ …— …‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ǡ
‘ˆ‡”‹†—ǦŽ‡ ‘ ‹ƒ‰‹‡ …Žƒ”£ ƒ•—’”ƒ ‡˜‘‹Ž‘” •ƒŽ‡ ç‹ ƒ•—’”ƒ Dz†‡•–‹—Ž—‹dz …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ烅—ƒˆ‘•–‡ì‹‘ƒ–Á…ƒ’‹–‘Ž‡Ž‡ƒ–‡”‹‘ƒ”‡ǡ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡˜‘”ˆ‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡
†‘ƒ” †ƒ…£ …Ž‹‡–—Ž Ž‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˜‡†‡ƒ —–‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ Á ˜‹‹–‘”—Ž ’”‘…‡• †‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡ ƒ
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”Ǥ ˜Ÿ† Á ˜‡†‡”‡ …£ …‡Ž …ƒ”‡ ƒ”‡ …—‘ç–‹ì‡ ˜ƒ•–‡ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ
‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ£•—’—•£‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹‡•–‡…Ž‹‡–—Žǡƒ…‡•–ƒ’‘ƒ–‡ƒŒ—–ƒ…‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹’”‹–”Ǧ
— •…Š‹„ †‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ì£ ”‡…‹’”‘…ǡ ’”‹˜‹† ’‘•‹„‹Ž‡Ž‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ç‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹
…ƒ”‡Ž‡‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡ƒœ£…‡Žƒ‹—Ž–Ǥ



EXEMPLUL 26. Regresia asupra factorilor privind rata natalitii

De exemplu, rata natalitii în ar depinde de volumul de beneficii pe care mamele le
primesc, de norma de lucru flexibil pentru mamele care lucreaz, disponibilitatea
creelor i ali factori. S presupunem c cei care formuleaz politicile doresc s tie
care factor influeneaz rata natalitii cel mai mult. Prin folosirea analizei de regresie
multipl se descoper care este funcia care coreleaz toi aceti factori. Atunci când
vom ti ecuaia putem anticipa volumul de beneficii optim pentru a crete rata
natalitii.

EXEMPLUL 27. Regresie multipl linear pentru politica de integrare a delicvenilor

Întrebare de evaluare. În ce msur se explic durata pedepsei prin vârsta
delicventului, numrul de antecedente penale i educaia sa?
Cercettorii au folosit matricea de date privind vârsta delicvenilor, numrul de
antecedente penale i educaia acestora i folosirea pachetului statistic pentru a simula
diferite ecuaii de regresie pân când au ajuns la cea mai potrivit (în cadrul limitelor
erorii standard acceptabile).
Rezultatele regresiei
Pedeaps = -17,97 + 0,96 (vârsta) + 0,52 (antecedente)+ 0,14 (educaie)
Durata anticipat a pedepsei pentru un delicvent de 23 de ani cu 3 antecedente i
educaie pân la clasa a 9a liceal:
Pedeaps = -17,97 + 0,96 (23) + 0,52 (3) + 0,14 (9)
Pedeaps = 6,93 ani


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ƒƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ•–ƒ–‹•–‹…‹Ž‘”ǡ’—–‡ì‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡”‡‰”‡•‹‡‹—Ž–‹’Ž‡Á†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡•–ƒ†‹‹
ƒŽ‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ ”‹ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” †‡ „ƒœ£ ‡•–‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž •£ •‡ ƒ–‹…‹’‡œ‡
–‹’ƒ”—Ž ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘” …‘‡…–ƒ–‡ ”‡…‹’”‘… ç‹ ƒ‹ –Ÿ”œ‹— ’‡–”— ƒ Ž‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹ ’‡–”—
ƒ–‹…‹’ƒ”‡ƒ’‘•‹„‹Ž‡Ž‘””‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ȋ˜‡œ‹‡š‡’Ž‡Ž‡†‡ƒ‹•—•ç‹ƒ‹Œ‘•ȌǤ

Comunicarea analizei, judecarea datelor

†‹ˆ‡”‡– †‡ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ Á ƒƒŽ‹œƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ –”‡„—‹‡ •£
’—£Á‡˜‹†‡ì£…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡†‹–”‡‹’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ǣ
x ‡‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹ƒ•–ƒ–‹•–‹…£ǡ
x —…–‡Ž‡ˆ‘”–‡ƒŽ‡”‡Žƒì‹‡‹•ƒ—…‘”‡Žƒì‹‡‹ȋƒ•‘…‹‡”‡Ȍǡ
x ƒ—œƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒǤ

B•–ƒ–‹•–‹…£Ƿˆ‘ƒ”–‡•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜dzÁ•‡ƒ£…£‡•–‡ˆ‘ƒ”–‡’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž•£ˆ‹‡ƒ†‡˜£”ƒ–ǡ†ƒ”
ƒ•–ƒ — Á•‡ƒ£ …£ ‡•–‡ ‡”‡— ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ǥ ‡Ž ƒ‹ ‘„‹ç—‹– ‹˜‡Žǡ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–
’‡–”—ƒ’”‡…‹œƒ…£…‡˜ƒ‡•–‡†‡•–—Ž†‡„—’‡–”—ƒˆ‹…”‡†‹„‹Ž‡•–‡ǤͻͷǤ•–ƒÁ•‡ƒ£
”‡•’‡…–‹˜ƒ …‘•–ƒ–ƒ”‡ ƒ”‡ ͻͷΨ 烐•‡ †‡ ƒ ˆ‹ ƒ†‡˜£”ƒ–£Ǥ — –‘ƒ–‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡
•–ƒ–‹•–‹… ’‡ †—”ƒ–ƒ …ƒŽ…—Ž‡Ž‘” ˜£ ˜‘” ƒ”£–ƒ ǷͲǡͲͷdz ƒ•–ƒ Á•‡Ÿ† …£ ”‡•’‡…–‹˜ƒ
…‘•–ƒ–ƒ”‡ƒ”‡ͷΨ烐•‡†‡ƒ—ˆ‹ƒ†‡˜£”ƒ–£Ǥ

š‹•–£ Á ’”‹…‹’‹— …‹…‹ –‹’—”‹ †‡ …‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‹ …ƒ”‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ —–‹Ž‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ
…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǣ
ͳȌ …‘’‘‡–‡Ž‡•ƒ—’”‘’‘”ì‹‹Ž‡–‡‡‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ǡ
ʹȌ —£”—Ž†‡‹–‡‹•ƒ—†‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡
͵Ȍ ˆ”‡…˜‡ìƒ†‹•–”‹„—ì‹‹Ž‘”–”£•£–—”‹Ž‘”
ͶȌ …‘”‡Žƒì‹‹Ž‡†‹–”‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡
ͷȌ •‡”‹‹Ž‡–‡’‘”ƒŽ‡•ƒ—–‡†‹ì‡Ž‡’‡–”——‹–‡Ǥ

‹ƒ‰”ƒ‡Ž‡…‹”…—Žƒ”‡•—–…‡Ž‡ƒ‹’‘–”‹˜‹–‡’‡–”—ƒ‹Ž—•–”ƒ’”‘’‘”ì‹‹Ž‡ǡ†‹ƒ‰”ƒ‡Ž‡
˜‡”–‹…ƒŽ‡ ’‡–”— ‹–‡‹ǡ Š‹•–‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‡ ç‹ †‹ƒ‰”ƒ‡Ž‡ ’—…– ’‡–”— †‹•–”‹„—ì‹‹Ž‡ †‡
ˆ”‡…˜‡ì£ǡ †‹ƒ‰”ƒƒ †‡ †‹•’‡”•‹‡’‡–”— …‘”‡Žƒì‹‡ǡ …—”„‡Ž‡ •‡”‹‹Ž‘” –‡’‘”ƒŽ‡ ’‡–”—
–‡†‹ì‡Ž‡ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ Tabelul 9 ˆ—”‹œ‡ƒœ£ …‡ƒ ƒ‹ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ †‡•…”‹‡”‡ ‰”ƒˆ‹…£ ’‡–”—
…‡Ž‡ƒ‹‘„‹ç—‹–‡…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡Á”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

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Tabel 9. Tipologia Altman a graficelor

Tipul de Cuvinte cheie Forma Grafic Comparaii tipice

comparaie

 Ǧ‘–”‹„—싇 ‹ƒ‰”ƒ£ Ǧ ”‘’‘”싃˜‡‹–—Ž—‹ˆ‹•…ƒŽ

‘’‘‡–ƒ Ǧƒ”–‡ …‹”…—Žƒ”£ ’‡•—”•‡ƒŒ‘”‡
Ǧ”‘’‘”싇  Ǧ Ψ†‹’‘’—Žƒì‹‡Áœ‘‡
Ǧ”‘…‡–ƒŒ†‹–‘–ƒŽ —”„ƒ‡ǡ”—”ƒŽ‡
–‡ Ǧ–‡—Žƒ‹ ‹ƒ‰”ƒ£ Ǧ —£”—Žƒ‰ƒŒƒì‹Ž‘”’‡
ƒ•‡££–‘”Ȁƒ‹ ˜‡”–‹…ƒŽ£ †‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–
ƒ•‡££–‘”†‡…Ÿ– Ǧ ‡‹–ˆ‹•…ƒŽ†‹•—”•‡
Ǧ‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡ ƒŒ‘”‡
‹•–”‹„—싃 Ǧ ƒ”‹ƒì‹‡ ‹•–‘‰”ƒ£ Ǧ —£”—Žˆƒ‹Ž‹‹Ž‘”†‹
ˆ”‡…˜‡ì‡‹ Ǧ ‹•–”‹„—싇 ‹ƒ‰”ƒ£’—…– †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡…Žƒ•‡†‡˜‡‹–
 Ǧ ‘…‡–”ƒì‹‡  Ǧ ‹•–”‹„—싃ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒì‹‹Ž‘”
 Ǧ ”‡…˜‡ì£”‡Žƒ–‹˜£  Œ—†‡ì‡‡’‡”ƒ–ƒ†‡‹’‘œ‹–
 ƒ•—’”ƒ’”‘’”‹‡–£ì‹‹

‘”‡Žƒì‹‡ Ǧ ‡•–‡Ž‡‰ƒ–†‡ ‹ƒ‰”ƒ£†‡ Ǧ—£”—Žƒ‰ƒŒƒì‹Ž‘”Žƒ•–ƒ–
Ǧ …”‡ç–‡•ƒ—†‡•…”‡ç–‡’‡ †‹•’‡”•‹‡ Á…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡…—˜‘Ž——Ž
 ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹•–ƒ–—Ž—‹
ǦŠ‡Ž–—‹‡Ž‹Ž‡…‘•—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”
…”‡•……—˜‡‹–—Ž†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž
‡”‹‹Ž‡ Ǧ ‡†‹ì‡ ‡”‹‹–‡’‘”ƒŽ‡ Ǧ …Š‹„£”‹Á„—‰‡–—Ž†‡
–‡’‘”ƒŽ‡ Ǧ ‡…Ÿ† •–ƒ–ƒ—ƒŽ
Ǧ ‡Žƒ’Ÿ£Žƒ Ǧ ƒ”‹ƒì‹‹•‡œ‘‹‡”‡Á‹˜‡Ž—Ž
Ǧ ‡”„‡’”‡…—ƒˆŽ—…–—ƒǡƒ 瑏ƒŒ—Ž—‹
•…Š‹„ƒ

Sursa: Altman S., «Teaching Data Analysis to Individuals Entering the Public Service», Journal of Urban
Analysis 3, octombrie 1976.
 83



EXEMPLUL 28. Planul de analiz pentru evaluarea impacturilor micro-creditelor

debitorilor de gen feminin

Întrebare de evaluare 1: Care este impactul programului privind venitul dobândit al

femeilor?

Ipotez: Femeile care particip la program vor avea un venit dobândit mai mare decât
cele care nu particip.

Variabile: Femeile care au primit împrumuturi i femeile care nu au primit, venitul

dobândit, vârsta, educaia, experien anterioar de conducere a unei afaceri.

Analiza 1: Compararea mediei venitului dobândit al femeilor care au primit i care nu

au primit împrumuturi prin proiect (teste-t pentru diferena mediilor).

Analiza 2: Analiza de regresie multipl pentru a testa dac exist o diferen în venitul
dobândit pentru participani i non-participani dup analiza vârstei, educaiei i
experienei anterioare de conducere a unei afaceri.

Întrebare de evaluare 2: Evaluarea impactului programului asupra sentimentului

femeilor de afirmare personal.

Ipotez: Femeile care au participat în program vor avea un sentiment mai puternic de
auto-afirmare decât femeile care nu au participat.

Variabile: Femeile care au participat în program i cele care nu au participat (not:

participarea va fi definit ca variabil da/nu i în termenii numrului diferitelor servicii
primite – împrumuturi, cursuri de formare, sprijin tehnic, întâlniri în cadrul grupurilor
etc.) nivelul de afirmare profesional.

Analiza 1: Tabel cu dou seciuni care compar participare/non-participarea cu scorul

pe o scar de afirmare de 5 punct. Vor fi folosite testele de contingen F2 sau similare.

Analiza 2: Tabel cu dou seciuni care compar dou variabile ordinale: scorul pe
scara de afirmare de 5 puncte i numrul serviciilor primite prin program (1 la 5). Teste
de contingen pentru compararea a dou variabile ordinale.

Sursa: Fink, A. 2003c How to manage, Analyse, and Interpret Survey Data. Vol.9. The survey kit,
Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage

 84



Pasul 5. Crearea unui format potrivit pentru constatrile evalurii

Principii cheie

Ž‹‡–—Ž ˜ƒ —–‹Ž‹œƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ Ǧ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹ǡ Ž‡…ì‹‹ Á˜£ìƒ–‡ǡ
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹ Ȃ —ƒ‹ †ƒ…£ ˜ƒ Áì‡Ž‡‰‡ ”ƒ’‘”–—Žǡ ˜ƒ ˆ‹ †‡ ƒ…‘”† …— ƒ…‡•–ƒ ç‹ ˜ƒ ‰£•‹
‹ŒŽ‘ƒ…‡Ž‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡ …‘ì‹—–‡Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ Á†‡’Ž‹‹ ƒ…‡•–‡
‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡ǡ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡•…”‹•Á–”Ǧ‘ƒ‹‡”£…Žƒ”£ç‹•£‹…Ž—†£…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£Ǥ

ƒ‹’”‡•—•†‡–‘ƒ–‡ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹–”‡„—‹‡•£…‘•—Ž–‡†‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Á
…‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ …‘ì‹—–—Ž ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ ”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ …‘•—Ž–ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ —ç—”ƒ
Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ †‡ …£–”‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡ ˜ƒ …”‡ç–‡ ‰”ƒ†—Ž †‡ ‹’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ ƒŽ
ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ ç‹ ˜ƒ ‹ˆŽ—‡ìƒ …‘ì‹—–—Ž ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ †‡–‡”‹Ÿ† ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž ‘ ƒ……‡’–ƒ”‡ ƒ‹
”ƒ’‹†£ ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” †‡ …£–”‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ …‡•– ˆƒ’– ‡•–‡ ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–
†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡†‡•‡‘”‹ǡ’‡–”—…ƒ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡•£ˆ‹‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‡…—•—……‡•‡•–‡‡˜‘‹‡
†‡ƒ…‘”†—Žˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ

‹’£…ƒ–‡ǡ‘„‹…‡‹—Ž†‡ƒ‡‹–‡Œ—†‡…£ì‹ƒ•—’”ƒ…ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹——‹†‘…—‡–Áˆ—…싇†‡
£”‹‡ƒ•ƒ‡•–‡†‡•Á–£Ž‹–Á’”ƒ…–‹…£Ǥ‡•‡‘”‹ǡ•‡…”‡†‡…£—”ƒ’‘”–†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
•…—”–‡•–‡†‡‘…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‹•…£œ—–£ǤB”‡ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ǡ•‹–—ƒì‹ƒ•–£‹˜‡”•Ǥ

”ƒ’‘”–†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡•…—”–ç‹”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡…‡•‹–£—Ž–£—…£Ǥ‡•‡‘”‹ǡ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”—Ž—
ƒ”‡Á†‡ƒŒ—•–‹’Žƒ†‹•’‘œ‹ì‹‡’‡–”—ƒ…‹–‹”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ˆ‘ƒ”–‡Ž—‰‹ǡˆ‹‹†
ƒ’”‘ƒ’‡‹’‘•‹„‹Ž•£‹’Ž‡‡–‡œ‡‘Ž‹•–£ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ƒ”‡†‡”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ǥ˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒƒ”
–”‡„—‹•£ƒ‹„£†”‡’–”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‘•…Š‹„ƒ”‡ǡ†ƒ”•…Š‹„ƒ”‡ƒ‘”‹…£”—‹•‹•–‡‡•–‡’‘•‹„‹Ž£
—ƒ‹ Á–”Ǧ‘ ƒ—‹–£ £•—”£Ǥ •–ˆ‡Žǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹ ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£ ƒ‹„£ †”‡’– •…‘’
ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ——‹—£”Ž‹‹–ƒ–†‡”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹…Š‡‹‡Ȃƒ†‹…£ǡ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡…ƒ”‡•—–
‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ç‹˜‘”ƒ˜‡ƒ—‹’ƒ…–ƒ”‡Ǥ

Structura i stilul raportului

Žƒ”‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ •–”—…–—”‹‹ ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ Á’”‡—£ …— …Ž‹‡–—Žǡ Žƒ Á…‡’—–—Ž ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ …Žƒ”£ ƒ –—–—”‘” ƒ•’‡…–‡Ž‘” †‡ …ƒ”‡ …Ž‹‡–—Ž ‡•–‡
‹–‡”‡•ƒ–•£Ž‡ƒ…‘’‡”‡Ǥ…‡ƒ•–ƒÁ‹˜ƒƒŒ—–ƒ’‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹•£”£Ÿ£…‘…‡–”ƒì‹ƒ•—’”ƒ
ƒ•’‡…–‡Ž‘” …Š‡‹‡ǡ ç‹ •£ •–”—…–—”‡œ‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹‹ Ž‘” Á–”Ǧ‘ ˆ‘”£ •…”‹•£ǡ
•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–£†‡…‘—ƒ…‘”†Ǥ‡£•—”£…‡’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡’”‘‰”‡•‡ƒœ£ǡ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹
ç‹ …Ž‹‡–—Ž ’‘– •‹ì‹ ‡˜‘‹ƒ ‘†‹ˆ‹…£”‹‹ •–”—…–—”‹‹ ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ Á Ž—‹ƒ …‘…Ž—œ‹‹Ž‘”
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ”–”‡„—‹•£ˆƒ…£ƒ…‡•–Ž—…”—†‡…‘—ƒ…‘”†Ǥ

—’£…—ƒ‡ì‹‘ƒ–ƒ‹†‡˜”‡‡ǡ•–”—…–—”ƒ”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡Ž‘”†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡†‡’‹†‡†‡
‹–‡”‡•‡Ž‡ …Ž‹‡ì‹Ž‘” ç‹ †‡ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡Ǥ –‹Ž—Ž ”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡Ž‘” †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ–Áˆ—…싇†‡‡˜‘‹Ž‡…Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹†‡ƒ‡˜‹†‡ì‹ƒƒ—‹–‡
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ǥ ”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡ ’£”ì‹ ƒŽ‡ ”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡Ž‘” †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ”£Ÿ Žƒ ˆ‡Ž Á ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
…ƒœ—”‹Ž‘”ȋ˜‡œ‹Tabel10ȌǤ

 85

Tabel 10. Exemplu de posibil structur a unui Raport de evaluare

Prefa ‡–ƒŽ‹‹†‡•’”‡‹•‹—‡ƒ†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǣ
Ǧ …‘’—Ž‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
Ǧ ˆ‡”ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹
Ǧ …Š‹’ƒ†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹
Ǧ —”ƒ–ƒ‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
Ǧ ‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
Rezumat executiv ”‡œ—ƒ–…‘…‹•ǡ‡‹–ƒˆ—”‹œƒ†‡…‹†‡ì‹Ž‘”…—–‹’Ž‹‹–ƒ–‘
Ž‡…–—”£ƒ•—’”ƒ…‡Ž‘”ƒ‹‹’‘”–ƒ–‡‹†‡‹‡š’”‹ƒ–‡Á”ƒ’‘”–—Ž†‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ
Introducere ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–£ǣ‡˜‘‹Ž‡
‹‹ì‹ƒŽ‡ǡ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡ǡ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ǡ„—‰‡–ǡ‰”—’—”‹싐–£‡–…Ǥ
Descrierea ‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ƒ—ˆ‘•–ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡’Ÿ£Á’”‡œ‡–Á…ƒ†”—Ž’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹
activitilor ’—„Ž‹…‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡
Evaluarea posibilelor Relevan
dimensiuni ale ”‰—‡–ƒ”‡ƒ”‡Ž‡˜ƒì‡‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹’‡„ƒœƒ‡˜‘‹Ž‘”•‘…‹‡–£ì‹‹
interveniei 5 
Eficacitate
‡•…”‹‡”‡ƒ‹˜‡Ž—Ž—‹†‡Á†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”†‹”‡…–‡ç‹ƒ…‡Ž‘”
’‡–‡”‡Ž—‰

Eficien
ƒŽ‹œƒ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹…‘•–Ǧ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹—

Implementare
‡”ˆ‘”ƒìƒ‡…ƒ‹•—Ž—‹†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ǣ
•–”—…–—”‹ç‹’”‘…‡•‡

Impact
ƒŽ‹œƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹

Durabilitate
fƒ•‡Ž‡…ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡‘„싐—–‡•£ˆ‹‡†‡†—”ƒ–£
Concluzii ’”‡…‹‡”‹‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‡”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡

Recomandri Ž‹•–£†‡”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹

Anexe ‘–‹…Ž—†‡ǣ
Ǧ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘”’£”싃Ž‡
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹
Ǧ •–—†‹‹†‡…ƒœ

”–”‡„—‹•£‹…Ž—†£ǣ
Ǧ ‹•–ƒ…‡Ž‘”‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒì‹
Ǧ ‹•–ƒ†‘…—‡–‡Ž‘”…‘•—Ž–ƒ–‡
Ǧ ‘‡–ƒ”‹‹ƒ•—’”ƒ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡†‡†‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹
ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹è‹…ƒ”‡—ƒ—ˆ‘•–‹…Ž—•‡Á”ƒ’‘”–

ͷ — Á–‘–†‡ƒ—ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ƒœ£ –‘ƒ–‡ †‹‡•‹—‹Ž‡Ǥ B …ƒœ—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘” …ƒ—œƒŽ‡ǡ †‹‡•‹—‡ƒ
”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡ Žƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ …‘ì‹‡ …Ÿ–‡˜ƒ •—„…ƒ’‹–‘Ž‡ †‡ ƒƒŽ‹œ£ †‹ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ƒ•’‡…–‡ ƒŽ‡
‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘”ƒ•—’”ƒƒ‹—Ž–‘”‰”—’—”‹싐–£ǤB…ƒœ—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘”ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ†‹‡•‹—‡ƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹
—˜ƒˆ‹†‡Ž‘…ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–£Ǥƒ„‡Ž—Žƒ”ƒ–£’‘•‹„‹Ž‡†‹‡•‹—‹Á…ƒœ—Žƒ„‘”†£”‹‹‹š–‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ

 86


–‹Ž—Ž†‡•…”‹•—–‹Ž‹œƒ–†‡…£–”‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹•‡”‡ˆ‡”£Žƒ…Ÿ–‡˜ƒ†‹‡•‹—‹ǣ
x ƒ–‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹‹…Ž—•‡Á”ƒ’‘”–
x ‡•…”‹’–‹˜•ƒ—’”‡•…”‹’–‹˜
x –‹Ž—ŽŽ‹„ƒŒ—Ž—‹Ȃˆ”ƒœƒ”‡ǡ–‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡ǡ–‘‡–…Ǥ

–‹Ž—Ž ‡Žƒ„‘”£”‹‹ ȋTabel 11Ȍ †‡’‹†‡ Á ‘† …‘•‹†‡”ƒ„‹Ž †‡ •…‘’—Ž ‹‹ì‹ƒŽ ƒŽ
‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ç‹†‡…‹–‹–‘”—Ž…£”—‹ƒ‹•‡ƒ†”‡•‡ƒœ£Ǥ

Tabel 11.Caracteristicile Raportului de evaluare în ceea ce privete scopul

Dac scopul raportului Consecinele pentru stilul scrierii vor fi …
este …
ǥ‰‡‡”ƒ”‡ƒ†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ȁ ǥ…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‡ƒç‹–‹’—Ž†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ƒ”–”‡„—‹•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–‡Žƒ
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ Á…‡’—–ǡ Á’”‡—£ …— …Ž‹‡–—ŽǤ ƒ’‘”–—Ž ˜ƒ †‡†‹…ƒ ‘
ƒ”‡ ’ƒ”–‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘” ˆƒ…–—ƒŽ‡ǡ ‹ƒ” Á ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ ’ƒ”–‡ǡ
•–‹Ž—Ž ‡š’”‹£”‹‹ ˜ƒ ˆ‹ Á ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ †‡•…”‹’–‹˜ǡ ˆ£”£ ƒ
‡‹–‡Œ—†‡…£ì‹Ǥ
ǥ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ǥ — –‘ì‹ …‹–‹–‘”‹‹ ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ ƒ— ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ’”‡…‹•‡ Á
…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡’”‘‰”ƒ—ŽǤƒ–‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹˜ƒ
ˆ‹ƒ”‡ǡŽƒˆ‡Ž…ƒç‹†‹‡•‹—‹Ž‡”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒrelevan,
eficacitate ‡–…Ǥǡ …‡ ˜‘” –”‡„—‹ ƒ…‘’‡”‹–‡ Á †‡–ƒŽ‹—Ǥ
‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž ƒ”‡ †”‡’– •…‘’ Œ—•–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ‘†—Ž—‹
†‡ …Š‡Ž–—‹”‡ ƒ ˆ‘†—”‹Ž‘”ǡ ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž ˜ƒ –”‡„—‹ •£ ˆ‹‡
ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ †‡•…”‹’–‹˜ ç‹ •£ ’”‡œ‹–‡ — ’—…– †‡ ˜‡†‡”‡
‡…Š‹Ž‹„”ƒ– ƒ•—’”ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” ’‡ –‡”‡ Ž—‰ ’‘œ‹–‹˜‡
ç‹ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ç‹ ‘ Œ—†‡…ƒ–£ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜£ǡ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–£Ǥ
‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡ƒ……‡•‹„‹Ž£——‹’—„Ž‹…Žƒ”‰Ǣ
–‘—Ž –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ˆ‹‡ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜ǡ ˆ”ƒœƒ”‡ƒ …Žƒ”£ ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž Á…Ÿ–
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’”‘‰”ƒ •£ ’‘ƒ–£ Áì‡Ž‡‰‡ •‡‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹ƒ ƒ …‡‡ƒ …‡ •‡
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–‡”‹‘Ž‘‰‹‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…£Ǥ
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…‘—ǡ†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡‡•–‡’‘•‹„‹Ž…ƒ…‹–‹–‘”‹‹•£ˆ‹‡†‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹Ǥ

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Œ—•–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒƒˆ‹”ƒì‹‹Ž‘”
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ƒ•…”‹‡”‡ƒ†‡”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹ǣ
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Procesul de consultare

”‘…‡•—Ž†‡…‘•—Ž–ƒ”‡ˆ—”‹œ‡ƒœ£†‡‘„‹…‡‹†‘—£–‹’—”‹’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡†‡…‘–”‹„—ì‹‹†‹
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x ˆƒ…–—ƒŽ‡ Ȃ …‘‡–ƒ”‹‹ …ƒ”‡ ƒ— †”‡’– •…‘’ ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ †‡ ‘‹ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ’‡ …ƒ”‡
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…‡Ž‡†‡Œƒ‡š’”‹ƒ–‡Á”ƒ’‘”–ǡ•ƒ—…Š‹ƒ”‘’—•‡ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒǤ

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x Á…‘”’‘”ƒ”‡ƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒȂƒ†‹…£ǡ‘†‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹’‡–”—ƒ”‡ˆŽ‡…–ƒˆƒ’–‡Ž‡
•ƒ—‘’‹‹‹Ž‡‡š’”‹ƒ–‡Á…‘‡–ƒ”‹‹ǡ†ƒ…£‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹•—–†‡ƒ…‘”†…—ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǢ
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Á”ƒ’‘”–Ǥ

”‘…‡•—Ž†‡…‘•—Ž–ƒ”‡‡•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ǣ
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…—…‡Ž‡ƒŽ‡ƒŽ–‘”’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ǣ
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…‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ǡ Ž—Ÿ† Žƒ ”Ÿ†—Ž Ž‘” Á •‡”‹‘• ”ƒ’‘”–—ŽǤ — ƒ—‹–‡
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ˜‘” ˆ‹ ƒ†”‡•ƒ–‡ —‘”ƒ †‹–”‡
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‡…‹œ‹ƒ ’”‹˜‹–‘ƒ”‡ Žƒ …‹‡ ƒ—‡  ˜ƒ ˆ‹ ‹˜‹–ƒ– •£ ˆ‘”—Ž‡œ‡ …‘‡–ƒ”‹‹ǡ ƒ’ƒ”싐‡
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‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹…ƒ”‡˜‘”ˆ—”‹œƒ…‘‡–ƒ”‹‹Ǥ

”‘…‡†—”ƒ†‡ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ…‘‡–ƒ”‹‹Ž‘”–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡—ƒ•‹’Ž£Ǥ‘‡–ƒ”‹‹Ž‡–”‡„—‹‡
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‡‘„‹…‡‹ǡ‘’‡”‹‘ƒ†£†‡†‘—£•£’–£Ÿ‹’‡–”—ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ†‡…‘‡–ƒ”‹‹‡•–‡…‡ƒƒ‹
„—£‘’ì‹—‡Ǥ

Prezentarea raportului

ƒ’‘”–—Ž –”‡„—‹‡ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ– Á …ƒ†”—Ž —‡‹ Á–ŸŽ‹”‹ ’Ž‡ƒ”‡ ȋ†‡—‹–£ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹
edin de prezentareȌǡ ƒŽ–ˆ‡Ž ˜ƒ ‡š‹•–ƒ ’‡”…‡’싃 …‘ˆ‘” …£”‡‹ƒ ƒ…‡•–ƒ — ‡•–‡ —
†‘…—‡– ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ǥ £”ì‹Ž‡ …£”‘”ƒ Ž‡ ‡•–‡ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ– ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž Á …ƒ†”—Ž
Á–ŸŽ‹”‹‹’Ž‡ƒ”‡…—’”‹†ǣ
x ƒƒ‰‡”‹ƒ‹†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘”•–”—…–—”‹ç‹‹˜‡Ž—”‹†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘”Ǣ
x ˆ‹ƒìƒ–‘”—ŽǢ
x †‡…‹†‡ì‹‹•—’‡”‹‘”‹Ǣ
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x †‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹ ƒŽì‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ȋ‡šǤ †‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–‡ •ƒ— ‹•–‹–—ì‹‹ ‡š–‡”‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ—
Ž‡‰£–—”£…—’”‘‰”ƒ—ŽȌǤ

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…‘•—Ž–‡ …— ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ƒ‰‡†ƒǡ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ƒ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ£ ç‹ Ž‹•–ƒ †‡
’”‡œ‡ì£Ǥ

Bƒˆƒ”£†‡’£”ì‹Ž‡’”‡œ‡–‡Žƒ燆‹ìƒ†‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ”‡ǡƒŽ–‡’£”ì‹’‘–ǡ†‡ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ•£
ˆ‹‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‡ …— ’”‹˜‹”‡ Žƒ ”ƒ’‘”–ǡ ’£”ì‹ …ƒ”‡ — ƒ— ‘ Ž‡‰£–—”£ ƒ–Ÿ– †‡ •–”Ÿ•£ …—
’”‘‰”ƒ—Žǡ †ƒ” …ƒ”‡ •—– –‘–—ç‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒ–‡ †‡ Ž‡…–—”ƒ ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡–”—
ƒ…‡•–‡ƒǡ†‡‘„‹…‡‹–”‹‹–‡”‡ƒ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹˜ƒˆ‹•—ˆ‹…‹‡–£Ǥ

‡Ž ƒ‹ ‹’‘”–ƒ– Žƒ 燆‹ìƒ †‡ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ †‹•…—–ƒ”‡ƒ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘” Á —”ƒ
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒǡ ƒ’”‘„ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒǤ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ ƒ ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ
–”‡„—‹‡‡šƒ‹ƒ–‡ç‹ƒ’”‘„ƒ–‡Á–”‡…‡‹Žƒ…ƒ”‡ˆƒ…”‡ˆ‡”‹”‡Ǥ‡ƒ…‡‡ƒǡ‡•–‡‡…‡•ƒ”…ƒ
†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡’£”ì‹‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡Á‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹•ƒ—ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡†‡…£–”‡ƒ…‡•–ƒǡç‹
†‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒ ƒ …£”‘” …‘–”‹„—싇 ‡•–‡ ‡…‡•ƒ”£ ’‡–”— ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘”ǡ•£ˆ‹‡’”‡œ‡–‡Žƒ燆‹ìƒ†‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ”‡Ǥƒ”‡‰—Ž£‰‡‡”ƒŽ£ǡƒ—‹–‡
’£”ì‹…ƒ”‡ƒ—’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–Žƒ燆‹ìƒ†‡†‡„—–ȋ’”‡Ž‹‹ƒ”£Ȍƒ”–”‡„—‹•£ˆ‹‡’”‡œ‡–‡ç‹Žƒ
…‡ƒ †‡ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ”‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ£Ǥ •–‡ ‹—–‹Ž •£ ˆ‹‡ ‹˜‹–ƒì‹ Žƒ 燆‹ìƒ †‡ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ”‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹
‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡ…ƒ”‡—ƒ—ƒ˜—–‹…‹‘Ž‡‰£–—”£…—’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

Sugestii practice


–”—…–—”ƒ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹–”‡„—‹‡Á–‘–†‡ƒ—ƒ•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–£…Ÿ–ƒ‹†‡˜”‡‡’‘•‹„‹ŽÁ’”‡—£
…—…Ž‹‡–—ŽǤ
ƒ•…”‹‡”‡ƒ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ǡ•—……‡•‹—‡ƒ’ƒç‹Ž‘”‡•–‡—”£–‘ƒ”‡ƒǣ
Áƒ‹–‡ †‡ –‘ƒ–‡ǡ •‡ •–ƒ„‹Ž‡ç–‡ Á’”‡—£ …— …Ž‹‡–—Žǡ •–”—…–—”ƒ ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ȃ…ƒ’‹–‘Ž‡ǡ•‡…ì‹—‹ç‹ƒ‡š‡Ǣ
ÁƒŽ†‘‹Ž‡ƒ”Ÿ†ǡ•‡•…”‹—‹†‡‹Ž‡’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡•—„ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡…ƒ’‹–‘Žç‹•‡…ì‹—‡Ǥ…”‹‡”‡ƒ
–‡š–—Ž—‹†‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–—˜ƒÁ…‡’‡’Ÿ£…‡‹†‡‹Ž‡’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡—ƒ—ˆ‘•–‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡Á
–‘–ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ Ž–ˆ‡Žǡ ‡š‹•–£ — ‰”ƒ† ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ ƒ”‡ †‡ ”‹•… †‡ …‘ˆ—œ‹‡ Ȃ ’”‡ƒ —Ž–‡
„—…£ì‹†‡–‡š–Á’”£ç–‹ƒ–‡ǡ–‡š–‡—–ƒ–‡†‡…‘Ž‘Ǧ…‘Ž‘ǡ’Ÿ£…‡Á–”‡‰—Ž”ƒ’‘”–Áç‹
˜ƒ ’‹‡”†‡ Ž‘‰‹…ƒǡ •…Š‹„ƒ”‡ƒ ˆ‘”—Ž£”‹‹ǡ ”‡’‡–‹ì‹‹ ‹—–‹Ž‡ ƒŽ‡ ‹†‡‹Ž‘” Á †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡
’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒˆ‡Ǣ
‘†ƒ–£…‡‹†‡‹Ž‡’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡ǡ•‡’‘ƒ–‡–”‡…‡Žƒ•…”‹‡”‡ƒ–‡š–—Ž—‹
†‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–Ǣ
†‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ǡ ’‡ £•—”£ …‡ –‡š–—Ž †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ– ‡•–‡ •…”‹•ǡ ˜ƒ ˆ‹ ‡…‡•ƒ”£ ƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ
‹†‡‹Ž‘”’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ǣ
‡š‹•–£Á–‘–†‡ƒ—ƒ–‡–ƒì‹ƒ†‡ƒÁ„—£–£ì‹”ƒ’‘”–—ŽǤƒ…£•‡†‘”‡ç–‡”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ
——‹ ’”‘†—• ˆ‹ƒŽǡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ƒ‹„£ ƒ—‹–‡ Ž‹‹–‡Ǥ 
†‹‡•‹—‡ˆ‘ƒ”–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–£ƒ…ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹‡•–‡ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ’”‘†—•—Ž—‹Žƒ–‹’Ǥ

’‹‹‹Ž‡ •—– ‡”‡— ƒ‹ —ç‘” †‡ …‘„£–—– †‡…Ÿ– ˆƒ’–‡Ž‡Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ ‡˜‹–ƒ †‹•’—–‡
‡•ˆŸ”ç‹–‡ǡ Á •’‡…‹ƒŽ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ‘’‹‹‹Ž‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹ ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£
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ˆ—”‹œ‡œ‡ ‘’‹‹‹ „ƒœƒ–‡ —ƒ‹ ’‡ ˆƒ’–‡ †‘˜‡†‹–‡ …— †ƒ–‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡ ç‹ †‹ •—”•‡ †‡
Á…”‡†‡”‡Ǥ

EXEMPLUL 29. Înlocuirea opiniilor negative cu aspecte faptice

Aceast fraz ... Ar putea fi înlocuit cu aceasta …
‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ—ç‹ǦƒÁ†‡’Ž‹‹–‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡—ˆ‘•–ˆ—”‹œƒ–‡†‘˜‡œ‹‹•—ˆ‹…‹‡–‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”
’‡–”—ƒ†‡‘•–”ƒ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹
ƒ–ƒ…‘•–„‡‡ˆ‹…‹—‡•–‡•Žƒ„£Ǥ B…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡…—•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡Ž‡’‡–”—•‡…–‘”ǡ”ƒ–ƒ
…‘•–„‡‡ˆ‹…‹—‡•–‡ƒ‹•…£œ—–£Ǥ
…‡ƒ•–££•—”£—ƒˆ‘•–‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–£ ƒ–‡Ž‡†‹…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ”ƒ–£…£—ƒ—‹–‹†‹…ƒ–‘”
Á‘†ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–Ǥ ’”‹˜‹–‘”Žƒ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡‡•–‡ƒ‹‹…†‡…Ÿ–ÁƒŽ–‡
…‘—‹–£ì‹ǥ
•ƒ—
’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ƒ”Á•‡ƒÁ†‡’Ž‹‹”‡ƒ
‡Ž‡‡–‡Ž‘”šǡ›ǡœǤǤǤ‹…‹——Ž†‹–”‡ƒ…‡•–‡
‡Ž‡‡–‡—ƒˆ‘•–‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–†‡…£–”‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹ǥ
•–‹–—싃š•Ǧƒ‹’Ž‹…ƒ–ˆ‘ƒ”–‡’—싐 •–‹–—싃šƒˆ—”‹œƒ–…‘–”‹„—싃’”‘’”‹‡…—‘
Á–Ÿ”œ‹‡”‡†‡šŽ—‹ǥ—ƒˆ—”‹œƒ–…‘–”‹„—ì‹‹Ž‡
…‘ˆ‘”Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‹‹‹‹ì‹ƒŽ‡ǥ


B–‹’—Ž’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡…‘•—Ž–ƒ”‡ǡ˜‘”‡š‹•–ƒÁ–‘–†‡ƒ—ƒˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹…ƒ”‡—
•—–†‡ƒ…‘”†…—ƒ—‹–‡’£”싆‹”ƒ’‘”–Ǥ•–‡‹’‘•‹„‹Ž…ƒ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡•£
…‘‹…‹†£ …— ’£”‡”‹Ž‡ –—–—”‘” ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘” ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ç‹ Á…‡”…ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ ƒ ƒŒ—‰‡ Žƒ —
…‘•‡• •‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ †‘˜‡†‹ †‹ˆ‹…‹Ž£Ǥ Ž‡‡–—Ž …Š‡‹‡ ‡•–‡ ƒŒ—‰‡”‡ƒ Žƒ — ƒ…‘”† …—
…Ž‹‡–—Žˆ£”£ƒ‡‰Ž‹Œƒ’£”‡”‹Ž‡ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ

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Pasul 6. Implementarea constatrilor de evaluare

Abordri ale procesului de implementare

‘–‡š‹•–ƒ†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡‡–‘†‡†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘”’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ
–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘” — •‡ Ž‹‹–‡ƒœ£ —ƒ‹ Žƒ Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ǡ
”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ •ƒ—ǡ Á …ƒœ—”‹ ‡š–”‡‡ǡ •ƒ…ì‹—‹Ǥ …‡•–‡ƒ ’‘– ˆ‹ —–‹Ž‹œƒ–‡ ’‡–”—
•…Š‹„ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‘…‡•‡Ž‘”ǡ …—Ž–—”‹‹ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‡‹ •ƒ— Á˜£ìƒ”‡Ǥ
•–ˆ‡Žǡ—–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹’‘–ˆ‹—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ǣ
x Instrumental Ȃ ƒˆ‡…–‡ƒœ£ Á ‘† †‹”‡…– ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ ç‹ ’—‡ …ƒ’£–
’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ Á„—£–£ì‹”‡Ȁ•…Š‹„ƒ”‡ ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ ”‡’– ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ǡ
—˜‡”—Žǡ
‹‹•–‡”—Ž •ƒ— ƒ‰‡ì‹‹Ž‡ ‡š‡…—–‹˜‡ ˜ƒ Ž—ƒ £•—”‹ ’‡–”— ƒ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ ‘‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹
•ƒ— ƒ Ž‡ ƒŒ—•–ƒ ’‡ …‡Ž‡ ‡š‹•–‡–‡ǡ •ƒ— £•—”‹ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ Á ˜‡†‡”‡ƒ
‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘”Ǥ
x De proces Ȃ ƒˆ‡…–‡ƒœ£ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ”‡ ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ †‹ ‹–‡”‹‘”—Ž
‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‡‹Ǥƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ”‡ƒŽƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡’‡”‹–‡‘ƒ‹„—£Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹
狆”‡’–”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ǡÁ„—£–£ì‡ç–‡’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ†‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ǥ‡‘”‹ǡ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ƒ”‡ƒŽ£
ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ’‘ƒ–‡ •…Š‹„ƒ ‰Ÿ†‹”‡ƒ ç‹ …‘’‘”–ƒ‡–—Ž ’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž—‹ ç‹
†‡–‡”‹ƒç‹ƒ‹—Ž–‡•…Š‹„£”‹Á…—Ž–—”ƒƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜£ç‹…‘’‘”–ƒ‡–—Ž
‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‘ƒŽǤ •–ˆ‡Ž †‡ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹ †—”‡ƒœ£ ’‡ –‡”‡ Ž—‰ ç‹ — •—– —ç‘” †‡
‘„•‡”˜ƒ–Ǥ
x Politic Ȃ Œ—•–‹ˆ‹…£ †‡…‹œ‹‹Ž‡ ȋ”‡–”‘•’‡…–‹˜£ ç‹ ’”‘•’‡…–‹˜£ȌǤ ‡‘”‹ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ
’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£ ’‡–”— ƒ Œ—•–‹ˆ‹…ƒ ‘ †‡…‹œ‹‡ †‡Œƒ Ž—ƒ–£Ǥ •–ˆ‡Žǡ —–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ
ƒ…‡•–‡‹ƒ ƒ”‡ ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ •‹„‘Ž‹…£Ǥ ‘–—ç‹ǡ ƒ–—…‹ …Ÿ† ‘ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ •‘Ž‹…‹–ƒ–£
’‡–”— ƒ •’”‹Œ‹‹ ‘ ƒ—‹–£ †‡…‹œ‹‡ǡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘” ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ •‡
’‘ƒ–‡Á„—£–£ì‹•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜Ǥ
x Conceptual Ȃ ƒˆ‡…–‡ƒœ£ ‰Ÿ†‹”‡ƒ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ£ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡
‡š‹•–‡–‡Ǥ ‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ Ž‹˜”£”‹‹ †‡ •‡”˜‹…‹‹ †‡ •££–ƒ–‡ •ƒ— •‘…‹ƒŽ‡
’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ—”‹œƒ †‘˜‡œ‹ Á •’”‹Œ‹—Ž ‹†‡‹‹ …£ ‘†—Ž …—”‡– †‡ Ž‹˜”ƒ”‡ƒ•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”
‡•–‡ …‘•–‹•‹–‘” ç‹ ‹‡ˆ‹…‹‡–Ǥ ‘–—ç‹ǡ ‡•–‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž •£ — ƒ‹„£ †”‡’– ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–
ƒ’”‘„ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ ‘‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹ •ƒ— ”‡˜‹œ—‹”‡ ƒ …‡Ž‘” ‡š‹•–‡–‡Ǥ B •…Š‹„ǡ †‘˜‡œ‹Ž‡
’‘– ˆ‹ Ž—ƒ–‡ Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒì‹‡ Žƒ Ž—ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ †‡…‹œ‹‹ …ƒ”‡ — ƒ— Ž‡‰£–—”£ †‹”‡…–£ …—
’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–£ǡ†ƒ”…ƒ”‡’‘–ƒ˜‡ƒ—‡ˆ‡…–’‡–‡”‡Ž—‰Ǥ

Factorii care afecteaz procesul de implementare


’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘” –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ƒ‹„£ Ž‡‰£–—”£ …— ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡ ‹•–‹–—싇‹ ç‹
’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž…—‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ‡‘„‹…‡‹ǡ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹‹…Š‡‹‡
…— ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘” ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ •—– †‡…‹†‡ì‹‹ǡ ƒƒ‰‡”‹‹ †‡ ’”‘‰”ƒǡ
’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž…—‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ‘–‡š‹•–ƒ—Žì‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹…ƒ”‡•£
†—…£Žƒ…”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ•ƒ—†‡•…”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ烐•‡Ž‘”†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡Ǥ…‡ç–‹ƒ’‘–ˆ‹‰”—’ƒì‹’‡
Žƒ”‰Á†‘—£…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹ǣ
x ‡‹”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘”‹Žƒcaracteristicileevalurii ç‹
x ‡‹”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘”‹ŽƒorganizareǤ

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ƒ…–‘”‹‹”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘”‹Žƒ…ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ȋTabel 12Ȍ•—–ÁƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡’”‹˜‹–‘”‹Žƒ
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ …‡ç–‹ƒ •—– †‡•‡‘”‹ …‘–”‘Žƒì‹ †‡ ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

Tabel 12.Factori referitori la caracteristicile evalurii

Factori Aspecte de luat în considerare
‡Ž‡˜ƒìƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ £•’—†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒŽƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǫ—–
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡’”ƒ…–‹…‡ǡ…Žƒ”‡ç‹„ƒœƒ–‡’‡‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡
Á…”‡†‡”‡ǫƒ—ƒ…‡•–‡ƒÁ…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡’”‡‘…—’£”‹Ž‡ç‹
…‘‡–ƒ”‹‹Ž‡…Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ç‹ƒŽ‡ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǫ
”‡†‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ š‹•–£Á†‡ƒŒ—•†‡—Ž–‡†‘˜‡œ‹†‡Á…”‡†‡”‡’‡–”—ƒ•’”‹Œ‹‹
…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡ç‹”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǫ—–ƒƒŽ‹œ‡Ž‡ç‹
’”‡•—’—‡”‹Ž‡’‡…ƒ”‡•‡„ƒœ‡ƒœ£ƒ…‡•–‡ƒŒ—•–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ç‹
‡š’Ž‹…ƒ–‡ǫ
‘•—Ž–ƒ”‡ç‹…‘—‹…ƒ”‡ —ˆ‘•–…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡ç‹”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡…‘—‹…ƒ–‡…Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ç‹
ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ç‹ƒƒ˜—–Ž‘…‘…‘•—Ž–ƒ”‡…—ƒ…‡ç–‹ƒǫ
—”ƒ–£ ˆ‘•–ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–£‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ…—”‡•’‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ–‡”‡‡Ž‘”Ž‹‹–£ǫ‡
Á…ƒ†”‡ƒœ£Á…‹…Ž—Ž†‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽǫ•–‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–£Žƒ–‹’’‡–”—ƒ
˜‡‹Á•’”‹Œ‹—Ž†‡…‹œ‹‹Ž‘”ǫ


ƒ…–‘”‹‹”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘”‹Žƒ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ”‡ȋTabel 13Ȍ’”‹˜‡•…‡†‹—Ž‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‘ƒŽÁ…ƒ”‡ƒ”‡
Ž‘…’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ•–ˆ‡Žǡƒ…‡ç–‹ƒ†‡’‹††‡——£”†‡ˆƒ…–‘”‹ç‹ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹†‹
…ƒ†”—Ž‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‡‹ç‹•—–ƒ‹†‹ˆ‹…‹Ž†‡†‡’‹•–ƒ–†‡…£–”‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹Ǥ

Tabel 13. Factorii referitori la organizare

Factori Aspecte de luat în considerare
‰ƒŒƒ”‡ç‹‹’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ ‘†—…‡”‡ƒç‹’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž‹‹•–‡”—Ž—‹Áì‡Ž‡‰”‘Ž—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǫ
‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡†‹…ƒ†”—Ž‹‹•–‡”—Ž—‹Ȁƒ‰‡ì‹‡‹Ȁ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ƒ—

ˆ‘•–‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡Á’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ç‹‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ”‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǫ
‹–…£ƒ…‡•–’”‘…‡•Ž‡ƒ’ƒ”싐‡ǫ
‡˜‘‹ƒ†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ •–‡‡˜‘‹‡†‡‘‹…—‘ç–‹ì‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‡‹ǫš‹•–£‘
’‘Ž‹–‹…£†‡Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ǫ
ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹’‡”•‘ƒŽ‡ ƒ”‡•—–ƒ–‹–—†‹‹Ž‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž—‹ç‹’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž—‹ˆƒì£†‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ç‹…ƒ”‡‡•–‡‹ˆŽ—‡ìƒç‹‡š’‡”‹‡ìƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒÁ…ƒ†”—Ž

‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‡‹ǫ
—ƒ”‡ƒ†‡†‡…‹œ‹‹ —•‡‹ƒ—†‡…‹œ‹‹Ž‡”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡†‡Á„—£–£ì‹”‡Ȃ
‡•–‡‡˜‘‹‡†‡†‘˜‡œ‹ǫ•–‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”

‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹—–‹Ž‹œƒ–£Á‘†”‡–”‘•’‡…–‹˜Ȃ’‡–”—ƒŒ—•–‹ˆ‹…ƒ†‡…‹œ‹‹
Ž—ƒ–‡†‡ŒƒȂ•ƒ—’”‘•’‡…–‹˜Ȃ’‡–”—ƒ•’”‹Œ‹‹†‡…‹œ‹‹…‡˜‘”ˆ‹
Ž—ƒ–‡Ǥ
‡†‹—Ž’‘Ž‹–‹… š‹•–£•’”‹Œ‹’‘Ž‹–‹…’‡–”—’‘Ž‹–‹…£•ƒ—’”‘‰”ƒǫ—–
…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹…‘ˆ‘”‡…Ž‹ƒ–—Ž—‹’‘Ž‹–‹…‹–‡”ç‹
‡š–‡”ǫ
’Ž‹…ƒì‹‹Ž‡ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡ •–‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘”ˆ‡œƒ„‹Ž£†‹’—…–†‡
˜‡†‡”‡ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”ƒ˜Ÿ†Á˜‡†‡”‡…‘•–”Ÿ‰‡”‹Ž‡†‡„—‰‡–ǫ
 93



Aranjamente instituionale în vederea implementrii
‡ç‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘” ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ †‡’‹†‡ †‡ — —£” †‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹ǡ …Ÿì‹˜ƒ
’ƒç‹ƒ”’—–‡ƒˆ‹Á–”‡’”‹ç‹’‡–”—…”‡ç–‡‰”ƒ†—Ž†‡‹’Ž‹…ƒ”‡Á‹–‡”‹‘”—Ž‹•–‹–—싇‹Ǥ

’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘” †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ …‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–£ ’”‹ Á–”‡’”‹†‡”‡ƒ
—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”ƒ…ì‹—‹ǣ
x Bˆ‹‹ìƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹…‘‹•‹‹†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡Ǣ
x Bˆ‹‹ìƒ”‡ƒ——‹‰”—’†‡’”‘‹‡…–Ǣ
x •–‹–—ì‹‘ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹Ǥ

Înfiinarea unei comisii de implementare ‡•–‡—–‹Ž£Á…ƒœ—”‹Ž‡Á…ƒ”‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡ƒ—Ž‘…
Žƒ •…ƒ”£ Žƒ”‰£ ç‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘” ‡…‡•‹–£ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ‹ —Ž–‘”
‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ǥ–—…‹…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡‡„”—ƒŽ—‡‹ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž†‡…‘‹•‹‹”‡˜‹‡”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒì‹Ž‘”
‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‘” ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡Ǥ ”‹…‹’ƒŽ—Ž ƒ†ƒ– ƒŽ ƒ…‡•–‘” …‘‹•‹‹ ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ •—’‡”˜‹œƒ
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ŒƒŽ‘ƒ‡Ž‘” ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡ …‘ˆ‘” ——‹ ’Žƒ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹–Ǥ B …ƒœ—”‹Ž‡ Á …ƒ”‡
‡š‹•–£ǡ •–”—…–—”‹Ž‡ †‡Œƒ Áˆ‹‹ìƒ–‡ǡ …— ƒ” ˆ‹ …‘‹•‹‹ †‡ …ƒ„‹‡–ǡ ’‘– ˆ‹ †‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ
—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‡Ǥ

‡–”— ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ …ƒ”‡ ƒ…‘’‡”£ …‘’‡–‡ìƒ —‡‹ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‹ •ƒ— ƒ”‹‹ǡ ’‘– ˆ‹ —–‹Ž‹œƒ–‡
•–”—…–—”‹‹‹•–‡”‹ƒŽ‡‹–‡”‡ȋ‡šǤ…‘‹•‹‹†‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ȍ•ƒ—ƒ”’—–‡ƒˆ‹Áˆ‹‹ìƒ–un
grup de proiect’‡–”—ƒ•—’‡”˜‹œƒ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”ǤƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡‡„”—
ƒŽ ‰”—’—Ž—‹ †‡ ’”‘‹‡…– ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ ƒ†—…‡ Á’”‡—£ ƒƒ‰‡”‹ †‡ ’”‘‰”ƒǡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ †‹
…ƒ†”—Ž’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘”ǡƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž•ƒ—’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Žƒ‰‡ì‹‹Ž‘”‡š‡…—–‹˜‡Ǥ

Instituionalizarea implementrii ƒ”‡ Ž‘… †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ǡ ’”‹ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ç‹
’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽǤ •–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– …ƒ ƒ…‡•–‡ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹ ç‹ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹ ƒŽ‡
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘”•£ˆ‹‡–”ƒ•’—•‡Áƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡ç‹‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡Á†‘…—‡–‡†‡
’‘Ž‹–‹…£ ’—„Ž‹…£ǡ Á ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ç‹ „—‰‡–—Ž—‹ ç‹ •£ Ž‹ •‡ …‘ˆ‡”‡
ˆ‘”£ Ž‡‰ƒŽ£ †ƒ…£ ‡•–‡ ‡…‡•ƒ”Ǥ B ƒ…‡•– •…‘’ǡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ç‹ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒìƒ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘”
‡•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–£Ǥ

ƒ†‹–”‡‡–‘†‡Ž‡†‡‰‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡‡•–‡†‡
ƒ Á–‘…‹ — ’Žƒ †‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡Ǥ …‘’—Ž ——‹ ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž †‡ ’Žƒ ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ †‡ˆƒŽ…ƒ
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡ Á ƒ…ì‹—‹ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ …ƒ”‡ ˜‘” ˆ‹ …—’”‹•‡ Á ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ ƒ
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‘ƒŽ‡Ǥ Žƒ—Ž †‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ Ž—ƒ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ˆ‘”‡Ǥ ‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ —
’Žƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ–†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹•ƒ—ƒƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘”…ƒ”‡ƒ—
Ž‡‰£–—”£…—ƒ…‡•–‡ƒç‹…ƒ”‡’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹‹–‡‰”ƒ–Á†‘…—‡–‡Ž‡‡š‹•–‡–‡†‡’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ȋ‡šǤ Žƒ—Ž †‡ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹… †‡ ƒ…ì‹—‡Ȍǡ ’Žƒ—”‹ †‡ †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‘ƒŽ£ǡ
’Žƒ—”‹ ƒ—ƒŽ‡ †‡ ƒˆƒ…‡”‹ •ƒ— ’Žƒ—”‹ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡Ǥ  ‡š‡’Ž— ƒ ‘†—Ž—‹ †‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘”‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹‡•–‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–ÁAnexa 3Ǥ

†ƒ–£ …‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡ •—– –”ƒ•’—•‡ Á ƒ…ì‹—‹ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ •‡ Á•…”‹— Á …ƒ†”—Ž
’”‘…‡†—”‹Ž‘” †‡ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ‹•–‹–—싇‹ •ƒ—
—˜‡”—Ž—‹Ǥ ‡‡†„ƒ…Ǧ—Ž
”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘” Žƒ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘” ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ‡•–‡ ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ– ’”‹ ’”‘…‡†—”‹ †‡
‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡†‡”—–‹£Ǥ
 94



Managementul calitii efortului de evaluare

ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž…ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹‡ˆ‘”–—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡‡•–‡—’”‘…‡•…‘–‹——…‡•–”£„ƒ–‡–‘ì‹
’ƒç‹‹ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ — ”‡’”‡œ‹–£ — ‡˜‡‹‡– —‹… •ƒ— ˆ‘…ƒŽ‹œƒ– ƒ•—’”ƒ
——‹ •‹‰—” ’—…–ǡ …‹ ‘ •‡”‹‡ †‡ ƒ”ƒŒƒ‡–‡ǡ ƒ…ì‹—‹ ç‹ …‡”‹ì‡ …ƒ”‡ Á„—£–£ì‡•…
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǤƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ•’‡…–‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–†‹•…—–ƒ–‡Á…ƒ†”—Žƒ—ƒŽ—Ž—‹
Á †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‡ ‡–ƒ’‡ ç‹ •—– ’ƒ”–‡ ‹–‡‰”ƒ–£ †‹ ‘”†‹‡ƒ Ž‘‰‹…£ ƒ ‡˜‡‹‡–‡Ž‘”
‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ狆‡ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ…ƒ‡Ž‡‡–‡Á…‘”’‘”ƒ–‡…‡ƒ•‹‰—”£…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ ‹ ƒ…‡•– ‘–‹˜ǡ ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž …ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹ ‡•–‡ — ˆ‡Ž †‡ Ƿƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ †‡ †—„Ž£
˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡Dz’‡–”—ƒƒ•‹‰—”ƒ…£Á—”ƒ‡˜‡‹‡–‡Ž‘”†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡…Š‡‹‡•‡˜ƒ‘„싐‡‘
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡†‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ

…‘’—Žƒ…‡•–—‹…ƒ’‹–‘Ž‡•–‡ƒ•–ˆ‡Žǡ†‡ƒ˜£ƒŒ—–ƒ•£‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹”‡Ž‡˜ƒì‹’‡–”—
ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž …ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹ ç‹ ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ ——‹ …ƒ†”— ’‡–”— ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž …ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹
‡ˆ‘”–—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥ

Componentele managementului calitii evalurii


ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž…ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹‡ˆ‘”–—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ–…—ƒŒ—–‘”—Ž—”£–‘”‹Ž‘”
’ƒ–”—’‹Ž‘‹ǣ
x ”‰ƒ‹œƒ”‡ç‹”‘Ž—”‹Ǣ
x ”‘…‡•†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǣ
x ‘ì‹—–—”‹Ž‡ç‹…‡”‹ì‡Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǣ
x –‹—Ž‡–‡Ǥ

Organizare i roluri •—– Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ •–”—…–—”‹Ž‡ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‘ƒŽ‡ •ƒ— ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡Ž‡ …‡
–”‡„—‹‡•£…‘†—…£ǡ•—’‡”˜‹œ‡œ‡ç‹•£‡ˆ‡…–—‡œ‡‡ˆ‘”–—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǥƒ†ƒ–‡ç‹”‘Ž—”‹
…Žƒ”‡ –”‡„—‹‡ †‹•–”‹„—‹–‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹Ž‘” ƒ…–‘”‹ …‡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’£ Žƒ ‡ˆ‘”–—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ Ȃ
†‡…‹†‡ì‹ǡ ƒƒ‰‡”‹ǡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‹’Ž‹…ƒ– Á ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹Ǥ …‡•–‡ ƒ•’‡…–‡ •—–
†‹•…—–ƒ–‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž’ƒ•—Ž—‹͵†‹’”‡œ‡–—Žƒ—ƒŽǤ

Procesul de evaluare •‡ ”‡ˆ‡”£ †‡ ‘„‹…‡‹ Žƒ …‡”‹ì‡Ž‡ǡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡ ç‹ ‹•–”—‡–‡Ž‡
—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ƒ —‡‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ǥ — Á…‡’‡ ç‹ — •‡ –‡”‹£ …—
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡‰ƒ–‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ…‹ƒ‹†‡‰”ƒ„£ǡƒ…‘’‡”£Á–”‡‰—Ž’”‘…‡•†‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–
ƒŽ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ

‡–”— ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž …ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹ ‡•–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– …ƒ ‘ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‡ •£ ƒ‹„£ — ’”‘…‡• †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–ˆ‘”ƒŽȋ•ƒ—‹ˆ‘”ƒŽȌǤ”‘…‡•—Žƒ”–”‡„—‹•£Á…—”ƒŒ‡œ‡‘’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡
ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ƒ —‡‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ ç‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ‡”‹ì‡ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡’”‡…—Á–‘…‹”‡ƒ——‹’Žƒ†‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–ƒŽ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹
•ƒ—†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ǡ’‘–Á„—£–£ì‹’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Á–”Ǧ‘‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‡Ǥ•–ˆ‡Žǡ
…‡‹ ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹ †‡ …‘†—…‡”‡ƒ ç‹ †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ †‡
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ ƒ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘” ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ 疋— …‡ ç‹ …Ÿ† –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ˆ‹‡ ˆ£…—– ’‡–”— ƒ
†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ ƒ ‹…Ž—†‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ Á ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ
”‘…‡•—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡‡•–‡†‹•…—–ƒ–Á…ƒ†”—Žƒç‹Ž‘”͵ǡͶç‹͸†‹ƒ…‡•–ƒ—ƒŽǤ
 95

Cerinele referitoare la coninutul evalurii ƒ—Á˜‡†‡”‡Á’”‹…‹’ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹†‡„ƒœ£
…‡˜‘”ƒ˜‡ƒ…ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹…”‡†‹„‹Ž‡Ǥ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡…Š‡‹‡•—–Ž‡‰ƒ–‡†‡‡–ƒ’‡Ž‡
†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǣ
x B–”‡„ƒ”‡ƒ†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ȃƒ”–”‡„—‹•£ˆ‹‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ–£Á‘†…Žƒ”’‡–”—ƒ‰Š‹†ƒ
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ
x Ž‹‡–—Žç‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ȃƒ”–”‡„—‹…‘•—Ž–ƒì‹Á–‘–†‡ƒ—ƒ
x —Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒç‹ƒƒŽ‹œƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ȃƒ”–”‡„—‹•£•‡„ƒœ‡œ‡’‡‡–‘†‡†‡Á…”‡†‡”‡ç‹
’‡–”‹ƒ‰—Žƒ”‡ ͸
x ”‡œ‡–ƒ”‡ƒ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ȃƒ”–”‡„—‹•–”—…–—”ƒ–£ç‹•£Á†‡’Ž‹‡ƒ•…£
‡˜‘‹Ž‡…Ž‹‡–—Ž—‹ç‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ

‡ ŽŸ‰£ …‡”‹ì‡Ž‡ †‡ ƒ‹ •—•ǡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘” ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ …‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–£
’”‹—–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹˜‡”‹ˆ‹…£”‹‡š–‡”‡ƒ…ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹Ǥ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‡š–‡”’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–
†‹ …ƒ†”—Ž —‡‹ „ƒœ‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹ ‹†‡’‡†‡ì‹ ’‡–”— ƒ ˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒ †ƒ…£ ‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ
†‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ‡•–‡ —ƒ ”‘„—•–£ǡ †ƒ…£ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ƒ ƒƒŽ‹–‹…£ ‡•–‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ ç‹ †ƒ…£
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡•—–•’”‹Œ‹‹–‡†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£Ǥ

Stimulentele •—– Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ …—Ž–—”ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ ç‹ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜£Ǥ ˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ …‡ƒ ƒ‹
„—£…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹‘„싐—–£†ƒ…£‡š‹•–£‡˜‘‹ƒŽ—£”‹‹†‡†‡…‹œ‹‹ç‹Á˜£ì£”‹‹„ƒœƒ–‡’‡
†‘˜‡œ‹Ǥ …‡•– Ž—…”— ‡…‡•‹–£ ‹’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒ …‘†—…‡”‹‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹… ç‹ ƒ ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ”‹Ž‘” ’—„Ž‹…‹Ǥ
‡…‹œ‹‹Ž‡ „ƒœƒ–‡ ’‡ †‘˜‡œ‹ Á…—”ƒŒ‡ƒœ£ ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ”‹‹ ’—„Ž‹…‹ •£ Á˜‡ì‡Ǥ ƒ…£ ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒ
Ž‹’•‡ç–‡ǡ  ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ”‹‹  ’‘– ‹‹ì‹ƒ ç‹ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡ ȋ…Š‹ƒ” Žƒ •…ƒ”£ ‹…£Ȍ ’‡–”— ƒ
•’”‹Œ‹‹ ƒŽ‡‰‡”‹Ž‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‡ǡ †‡–‡”‹Ÿ† ƒ•–ˆ‡Žǡ …”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ ‹–‡”‡•—Ž—‹ †‡…‹†‡ì‹Ž‘” ˆƒì£
†‡ƒ…‡•–’”‘…‡•Ǥ

Lista de verificare pentru evaluarea managementului calitii


‹•–ƒ†‡˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡’‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž—‹…ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹‡•–‡‘Ž‹•–£†‡Á–”‡„£”‹
†‡ ‰Š‹†ƒ”‡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‡ˆ‘”–—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ …ƒ”‡ ‡˜‹†‡ì‹ƒœ£ ŒƒŽ‘ƒ‡Ž‡ ƒŒ‘”‡ Á
’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒç‹‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ǤB–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‹Ž‹•–ƒ†‡˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ”–”‡„—‹•£
ˆ‹‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‡ ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž Á…Ÿ– •£ •‡ 疋‡ …£ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ç‹ …Ž‹‡–—Ž •—– ‹’Ž‹…ƒì‹ Á
’—…–‡Ž‡…Š‡‹‡ƒŽ‡’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ǡ…£ƒ…ì‹—‹Ž‡’‡–”—ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ”‡ƒ”‡Ž‡˜ƒì‡‹ç‹…”‡†‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹
†‘˜‡œ‹Ž‘” ƒ— ˆ‘•– ‹…Ž—•‡ǡ …£ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ƒ— ˆ‘•– …‘—‹…ƒ–‡ ƒ—†‹‡ì‡‹
‡…‡•ƒ”‡ ç‹ …£ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ •—– ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‡Ǥ •–ˆ‡Žǡ Ž‹•–ƒ †‡ ˜‡”‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡
ƒ…‘’‡”£–‘ì‹’ƒç‹‹’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ç‹•…Š‹ì‡ƒœ£ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡˜ƒŽ‘”‹‹‹–”‹•‡…‹ƒŽ‡
…ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ ‹•–ƒ †‡ Á–”‡„£”‹ — ‡•–‡ ‡šŠƒ—•–‹˜£ ç‹ ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£ ˆ‹‡ ”‡˜‹œ—‹–£
’‡–”— ƒ Ž—ƒ Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡ …‘’Ž‡š‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ‡ˆ‘”–—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ ƒ–—”ƒ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…£ǡ
…‡”‹ì‡Ž‡ǡ•–”—…–—”‹Ž‡ç‹’”‘…‡†—”‹Ž‡†‹…ƒ†”—Žˆ‹‡…£”‡‹‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹Ǥ



͸‹–‡–‹œ‡ƒœ£†ƒ–‡’”‘˜‡‹–‡†‹†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡•—”•‡‡š‹•–‡–‡Ǥ


 96

Tabel 14. Lista de evaluare a managementului calitii

Durata în Bifai dac Comentarii

cadrul este finalizat
Jaloane de evaluare
procesului
de evaluare
Structuri organizaionale
‘‹–‡–—Ž †‡ ‹Ž‘–ƒŒ ƒ ˆ‘•– Áˆ‹‹ìƒ– ’‡–”— ƒ •—’‡”˜‹œƒ   
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒȋ•ƒ—•–”—…–—”ƒ†‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–‡š‹•–‡–£ƒˆ‘•–
†‡•‡ƒ–£†”‡’–…‘‹–‡–†‡’‹Ž‘–ƒŒȌ
…Š‹’ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘•– Áˆ‹‹ìƒ–£ ’‡–”— ƒ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ   
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ
‘Ž—”‹Ž‡ ç‹ ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ ‡„”‹Ž‘” ‡…Š‹’‡‹ †‡   
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–†‡•‡ƒ–‡
Žƒ—Ž †‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ƒŽ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ƒ ˆ‘•– Á–‘…‹– ç‹   
ƒ’”‘„ƒ–
”‘…‡†—”ƒ †‡ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ ƒ ’Žƒ—Ž—‹ ƒ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ƒ   
ˆ‘•–•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–£
Etapele evalurii
Ž‹‡–—Ž ç‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ Á ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•–   
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹
B–”‡„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ •—– …Žƒ”‡ ’‡–”— ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡   
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
‘†‡Ž—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘•– †‹•…—–ƒ– ç‹ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹– Á …ƒ†”—Ž   
‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
‘†‡Ž—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘•–†‹•…—–ƒ–…—ǣ   
Ǧ…Ž‹‡–—Ž   
Ǧˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ȋ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ȍ   
Žƒ—Ž †‡ …—Ž‡‰‡”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ƒ ˆ‘•– †‹•…—–ƒ– ç‹ ƒ’”‘„ƒ– Á   
…ƒ†”—Ž‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
Žƒ—Ž†‡…—Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ƒˆ‘•–†‹•…—–ƒ–…—ǣ   
Ǧ…Ž‹‡–—Ž   
Ǧˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ȋ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ȍ   
‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ ƒƒŽ‹œ£ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ƒ— ˆ‘•– †‹•…—–ƒ–‡ ç‹   
ƒ’”‘„ƒ–‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
‡–‘†‡Ž‡†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ƒ—ˆ‘•–†‹•…—–ƒ–‡…—ǣ   
Ǧ…Ž‹‡–—Ž   
Ǧˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ȋ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ȍ   
•‹•–‡ì£ ‡š–‡”£ ’‡–”— …—Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ ç‹ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ †‡ †ƒ–‡ ƒ   
ˆ‘•–ƒ”ƒŒƒ–£ȋ†ƒ…£‡•–‡‡…‡•ƒ”Ȍ
”‡‰£–‹”‹Ž‡ ƒ–‡”‹‘ƒ”‡ ’‡–”— …—Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ †‡ †ƒ–‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•–   
ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ȋˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”ǡƒ……‡•Žƒ•—”•‡Ž‡†‡
†ƒ–‡‡–…ǤȌ
”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ …—Ž‡‰‡”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ƒ Á…‡’—– …‘ˆ‘”   
’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…£”‹‹ ȋƒ‹…‹ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ˆ—”‹œƒ–£ ‘ †‡ˆƒŽ…ƒ”‡ ƒ
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘”†‡…—Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ†ƒ…£‡•–‡‡…‡•ƒ”Ȍ
 97

”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ƒƒŽ‹œ£ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ƒ Á…‡’—– …‘ˆ‘”   
’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…£”‹‹ ȋƒ‹…‹ ’‘ƒ–‡ ˆ‹ ˆ—”‹œƒ–£ ‘ †‡ˆƒŽ…ƒ”‡ ƒ
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘”†‡…—Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ǡ†ƒ…£‡•–‡‡…‡•ƒ”Ȍ
‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡‹‹ì‹ƒŽ‡ƒ—ˆ‘•––‡•–ƒ–‡ç‹†‹•…—–ƒ–‡…—ǣ   
Ǧ…Ž‹‡–—Ž   
Ǧˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ȋ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ȍ   
–”—…–—”ƒ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘•–•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–£…—ǣ   
Ǧ…Ž‹‡–—Ž   
Ǧˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ȋ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ȍ   
‘˜‡œ‹ •—ˆ‹…‹‡–‡ ç‹ †‡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ ȋ•’”‹Œ‹‹–‡ †‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡   
•—”•‡ȌÁ•’”‹Œ‹—Ž…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹•—–ˆ—”‹œƒ–‡Á
”ƒ’‘”–
‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡•—–…Žƒ”‡ç‹ƒ—Ž‡‰£–—”£…—Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡   
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
ƒ’‘”–—Žˆ‹ƒŽƒˆ‘•–†‹•…—–ƒ–…—ǣ   
Ǧ…Ž‹‡–—Ž   
Ǧˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ȋ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ȍ   
ǦƒŽ–‡’£”ì‹ȋ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ȍ   
˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž ‡š–‡” ƒ ˆ‘•– ƒ‰ƒŒƒ– ’‡–”— ƒ ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ   
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ‡ˆ‘”–—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ȋÁ …ƒœ—Ž Á …ƒ”‡
‹–‡ì‹‘‡ƒœ£•£‡ˆ‡…–—‡œ‡‘”‡˜‹œ—‹”‡‹†‡’‡†‡–£Ȍ
‘‡–ƒ”‹‹Ž‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ Á —”ƒ …‘•—Ž–£”‹Ž‘” ˆ‹ƒŽ‡ ç‹   
ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ”‡ƒ …ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹ †‹ ‡š–‡”‹‘” ƒ— ˆ‘•– ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ ç‹ Ž—ƒ–‡
Á…‘•‹†‡”ƒì‹‡
ƒ’‘”–—Žˆ‹ƒŽƒˆ‘•–Á–‘…‹–   
–”ƒ–‡‰‹ƒ†‡…‘—‹…ƒ”‡ƒ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ˆ‹ƒŽƒˆ‘•–†‹•…—–ƒ–£   
狃‰”‡ƒ–£Á…ƒ†”—Ž‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
–”ƒ–‡‰‹ƒ†‡…‘—‹…ƒ”‡ƒ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž—‹ˆ‹ƒŽƒˆ‘•–†‹•…—–ƒ–£   
…—…Ž‹‡–—Ž
–”ƒ–‡‰‹ƒ †‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ ƒ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‘” ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ƒ   
ˆ‘•– †‹•…—–ƒ–£ ç‹ ƒ’”‘„ƒ–£ Á–”‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ †‡ †‡…‹œ‹‡ ç‹
’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹
Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡ǡ †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ƒ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‘ƒŽ£   
ç‹ ’Žƒ—”‹ †‡ ƒˆƒ…‡”‹ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ”‡˜‹œ—‹–‡ ’‡–”— ƒ Ž—ƒ Á
…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡



 98

 99


PARTEA A DOUA. CULEGERE DE EXEMPLE DIN DIFERITE

RI

 100

 101



Cazul 1. TIC în coli, Studii de Evaluare a Inspectoratului, Irlanda, 2005-2006
(Adaptat dup raportul de evaluare “TIC în coli” i materialele adiionale furnizate de Departamentul
pentru Educaie i tiin, Irlanda).

De ce acest exemplu?
…‡•– ‡š‡’Ž— ƒ ˆ‘•– •‡Ž‡…–ƒ– ’‡–”— ƒ †‡•…”‹‡ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ •—ƒ–‹˜£ ç‹
’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ƒ…‡•–—‹ƒǤ ‹…‹ •‡ ”‡‰£•‡•… ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
‡–ƒ’‡Ž‘” †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ǡ ƒ•–ˆ‡Žǡ ‡•–‡ ’”‡œ‡–ƒ–£ ‘ ’”‹˜‹”‡ †‡ ƒ•ƒ„Ž— ƒ•—’”ƒ
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘”…Š‡‹‡†‹ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡‡–ƒ’£ǡ’”‡…—ç‹‘†‡•…”‹‡”‡†‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–£ƒ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹Ǥ

Informaii generale
”‹ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…£‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ£”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ–‡Š‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹…£ç‹†‡…‘—‹…ƒ”‡
ȋȌ Á ‡†—…ƒì‹‡ ȋ…Š‘‘Ž•  ʹͲͲͲȌ ƒ ˆ‘•– ƒ’”‘„ƒ–£ Á ͳͻͻ͹Ǥ …‡•– †‘…—‡– †‡
’‘Ž‹–‹…£ ƒ ƒ˜—– †”‡’– ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ– ‹–”‘†—…‡”‡ƒ ‹‹ì‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹  ‹ …Š‘‘Ž• ȋ Á 煑Ž‹Ȍ Á
ͳͻͻͺǡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ ’—• „ƒœ‡Ž‡ ’‡–”— †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ƒ  Á •‹•–‡—Ž ‡†—…ƒì‹‘ƒŽǤ ‹ì‹ƒ–‹˜ƒ
…Š‘‘Ž•ʹͲͲͲƒƒ˜—––”‡‹†‹”‡…ì‹‹ƒŒ‘”‡ǣ…‡ƒ’‡–”—‹–‡‰”ƒ”‡ƒ–‡Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡‹ǡ’‡–”—
ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹†‡’”‡†ƒ”‡ç‹’‡–”—•’”‹Œ‹‹”‡ƒ煑Ž‹Ž‘”Ǥ

Iniiativa pentru integrarea tehnologiei ƒ ˆ‘•– †‡•–‹ƒ–£ •’”‹Œ‹‹”‹‹ 煑Ž‹Ž‘” Á
’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ ƒ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‹‹ Ǥ f…‘Ž‹Ž‡ ƒ— ’”‹‹– ‰”ƒ–—”‹ ’‡–”—
ƒ…Š‹œ‹ì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ†‡…‘’—–‡”‡ç‹•–ƒ„‹Ž‹”‡ƒ—‡‹…‘‡š‹—‹Žƒ‹–‡”‡–Ǥ

Iniiativa pentru abiliti de predare ƒ ˆ—”‹œƒ– …—”•—”‹ †‡ ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ ’‡–”—
†‘„Ÿ†‹”‡ƒ ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ǡ †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ’”‘ˆ‡•‹‘ƒŽ‡ Á  ç‹ ƒ …‡Ž‘”
’‡†ƒ‰‘‰‹…‡Ǥ

Iniiativa pentru sprijinirea colilorƒƒ…‘’‡”‹––‡‡†‡’”‡†ƒ”‡ç‹Á˜£ìƒ”‡
’”‹˜‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ‹–‡‰”ƒ”‡ƒǡ—–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ‹–‡”‡–—Ž—‹Á‡†—…ƒì‹‡Ǥ

‘•‹Ž‹—Ž ƒì‹‘ƒŽ ƒŽ ‘’‡–‹–‹˜‹–£ì‹‹ ƒ ˆ‘•– Áˆ‹‹ìƒ– Á ͳͻͻ͹ …ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹• †‡
’ƒ”–‡‡”‹ƒ– •‘…‹ƒŽ •—„‘”†‘ƒ– ƒ‘‹•‡ƒ…Š ȋ’”‹—Ž—‹ ‹‹•–”—Ȍ ’‡ ’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡ †‡
…‘’‡–‹–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ …— …ƒ”‡ •‡ …‘ˆ”—–£ ‡…‘‘‹ƒǤ …‡•–ƒ ƒ ‘–ƒ– …£ǡ Á …‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡ …—
…‘…—”‡ì‹‹ƒŒ‘”‹ǡ”Žƒ†ƒ”££•‡•‡’—싐Á—”£Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ƒƒ’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒÁ
‡†—…ƒì‹‡Ǥ ƒ’‘”–—Ž ”‡…‘ƒ†ƒ …ƒ ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡  †‡ „ƒœ£ •£ †‡˜‹£ ‘ …‘’‘‡–£
’”‹…‹’ƒŽ£ƒ‡†—…ƒì‹‡‹†‡ƒ•£Ǥ

B ʹͲͲͳǡ
—˜‡”—Ž ƒ Žƒ•ƒ– ƒŽ †‘‹Ž‡ƒ †‘…—‡– †‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ ’‡ –‡ƒ —–‹Ž‹œ£”‹‹  Á
‡†—…ƒì‹‡ Ȃ Ƿ Ž—‡’”‹– ˆ‘” –Š‡ —–—”‡ ‘ˆ  ‹ ”‹•Š †—…ƒ–‹‘ǯǯ ȋO schi pentru
viitorul TIC în învmântul irlandezȌǤ…‡•–ƒ‡”ƒ—’Žƒ•–”ƒ–‡‰‹…’‡‘†—”ƒ–£†‡
–”‡‹ ƒ‹ ‡‹– ƒ •’”‹Œ‹‹ …‘–‹—ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‘” ‹‹ì‹ƒ–‹˜‡ Á…‡’—–‡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž 
ʹͲͲͲǤ”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡ƒŽ‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ž—‡’”‹–‡”ƒ—ǣ
x ‡š–‹†‡”‡ƒ‘ˆ‡”–‡‹†‡…ƒ’‹–ƒŽ’‡–”—煑Ž‹Ǣ
x …”‡ç–‡”‡ƒƒ……‡•—Ž—‹Žƒç‹ƒ—–‹Ž‹œ£”‹‹–‡Š‘Ž‘‰‹‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡–Ǣ
x …‘–‹—ƒ”‡ƒ‹–‡‰”£”‹‹Á’”‘…‡•‡Ž‡†‡’”‡†ƒ”‡ç‹Á˜£ìƒ”‡Ǣ
x Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹Ž‘”†‡†‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡’”‘ˆ‡•‹‘ƒŽ£’‡–”—’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ǥ

‡ ƒ–—…‹ǡ •Ǧƒ— ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ– —Ž–‡ Á †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ƒ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‹‹  Á 煑Ž‹Ǥ …‡ƒ•–ƒ ƒ
‡…‡•‹–ƒ– ‹˜‡Ž—”‹ •‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡ ‹˜‡•–‹ì‹‡ǡ Á •’‡…‹ƒŽ †‹ ’ƒ”–‡ƒ –ƒ–—Ž—‹ǡ †ƒ” ç‹ ƒ
 102

煑Ž‹Ž‘” ç‹ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‘” ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡Ǥ ˜Ÿ† Á ˜‡†‡”‡ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž ‹˜‡•–‹ì‹‹Ž‘” †‡ „ƒ‹ ç‹
–‹’ǡ ‡˜‘‹ƒ —‡‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ ƒ£—ì‹–‡ ƒ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹  Á 煑Ž‹ •Ǧƒ ˆ£…—– •‹ì‹–£ Á
‘† …Žƒ”Ǥ B ƒ—Ž 煑Žƒ” ʹͲͲͷȀͲ͸ ‹˜‹œ‹ƒ ’‡–”— •’‡…–‘”ƒ–‡ ƒ ‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–—Ž—‹
’‡–”— †—…ƒì‹‡ ç‹ f–‹‹ì‡ ƒ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ– ‘ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‹‹ǡ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…£”‹‹ ç‹
—–‹Ž‹œ£”‹‹Á’”‘…‡•‡Ž‡†‡’”‡†ƒ”‡ç‹Á˜£ìƒ”‡Á煑Ž‹Ž‡’”‹ƒ”‡ç‹’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡Ǥ

Întrebri de evaluare
…‡ƒ•–£ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ ƒ˜—– †”‡’– •…‘’ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹  ƒ•—’”ƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹
‡†—…ƒì‹‘ƒŽ †‹ 煑Ž‹Ž‡ ’”‹ƒ”‡ ç‹ ’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡Ǥ ˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ †‘”‹–ǡ †‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ •£
ƒ’”‡…‹‡œ‡…—‘ç–‹ì‡Ž‡ǡƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ǡƒ–‹–—†‹‹Ž‡ç‹…‘˜‹‰‡”‹Ž‡’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘”狇Ž‡˜‹Ž‘”Á
…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡—–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒÁ’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡’”‡†ƒ”‡ç‹Á˜£ìƒ”‡ç‹Á煑Ž‹Á‰‡‡”ƒŽǤ
B–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡’‘–ˆ‹ƒ•–ˆ‡Žǡ”‡œ—ƒ–‡†—’£…——”‡ƒœ£ǣ
ͳȌ B…‡£•—”£‡•–‡—–‹Ž‹œƒ–Á煑Ž‹Ž‡’”‹ƒ”‡ç‹’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡ǫ
ʹȌ ƒ”‡‡•–‡‹’ƒ…–—Žƒ•—’”ƒ’”‘…‡•‡Ž‘”†‡’”‡†ƒ”‡ç‹Á˜£ìƒ”‡ǫ
͵Ȍ ƒ”‡•—–ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ƒŽ‡‡Ž‡˜‹Ž‘”Á’—…–‡Ž‡•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡†‹‡†—…ƒì‹‡ǫ
ͶȌ ƒ”‡•—–‘’‹‹‹Ž‡†‹”‡…–‘”‹Ž‘”ç‹’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘”ƒ•—’”ƒ’”‘’”‹‹Ž‘”ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹
狃•—’”ƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹ç‹”‘Ž—Ž—‹˜‹‹–‘”ƒŽÁ‡†—…ƒì‹‡ǫ
ͷȌ B…‡£•—”£‡•–‡ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–’‡–”—ƒ•’”‹Œ‹‹‡Ž‡˜‹‹…—‡˜‘‹‡†—…ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡
•’‡…‹ƒŽ‡ǫ

Planul de evaluare
˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒƒƒ˜—–Á˜‡†‡”‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†‡†ƒ–‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹†‡‡–‘†‡†‡
ƒƒŽ‹œ£’‡–”—ƒ”£•’—†‡ŽƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡†‡ƒ‹•—•ǤŽƒ—Ž…‘Ž‡…–£”‹‹†‡
†ƒ–‡ƒˆ‘•–—”£–‘”—Žǣ

Octombrie – Decembrie 2005
•‘†ƒŒƒì‹‘ƒŽ†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ–’”‹’‘ç–£ƒ•—’”ƒ†‹”‡…–‘”‹Ž‘”ç‹’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘”†‹煑Ž‹Ž‡
’”‹ƒ”‡ ȋʹ͸ͲȌ ç‹ ’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡ ȋͳͷͷȌ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ Á ‘† ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹—ǡ Ž—Ÿ† Á …ƒŽ…—Ž
ƒ—‹–‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡†‡•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡Ǥ

Octombrie 2005 – Februarie 2006
–—†‹— †‡ …ƒœ ƒ•—’”ƒ ƒ ͷʹ 煑Ž‹ ȋ͵ʹ ’”‹ƒ”‡ ç‹ ʹͲ ’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡Ȍ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ Žƒ
Á–Ÿ’Žƒ”‡†‹’”‹…‹’ƒŽ—Ž‡çƒ–‹‘…ƒ”‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–Žƒ•‘†ƒŒ—Ž’”‹’‘ç–£ǤB–‹’—Ž
‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹•–—†‹—Ž—‹†‡…ƒœǡ‡Ž‡˜‹Ž‘”Ž‡Ǧƒˆ‘•–ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–—…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”Ǥ
•‹•–‡ì£Žƒ‘”£ȋ͹͹煑Ž‹’”‹ƒ”‡Ȍç‹‹•’‡…ì‹‹’‡–”—ƒ—‹–‡ƒ–‡”‹‹ȋͳͳͳ煑Ž‹’‘•–Ǧ
’”‹ƒ”‡ȌǤ…‡ƒ•–£ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡†‡‘„•‡”˜ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘•–‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£…ƒ’ƒ”–‡†‹ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡
”—–‹£ƒ‹•’‡…–‘”‹Ž‘”Á„‡‡ˆ‹…‹—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ

˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ‘ǦŽ‹‡ƒ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘”ȋ͹ͻȌÁ煑Ž‹’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡…‡ˆ‘”‡ƒœ£‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž
’‡–”—•–—†‹—Ž†‡…ƒœǤ

Echipa de evaluatori
˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ ˆ‘•– ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£ †‡ …£–”‡ •’‡…–‘”‹ †‡ Žƒ ‹˜‹œ‹ƒ ’‡–”— •’‡…–‘”ƒ–‡ ƒ
‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–—Ž—‹ ’‡–”— †—…ƒì‹‡ ç‹ f–‹‹ì£ Á …‘‘’‡”ƒ”‡ …— ‡–”—Ž ƒì‹‘ƒŽ ’‡–”—
‡Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡Á†—…ƒì‹‡ȋȌǤ

‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ ’”‹Œ‹ ’‡–”— ˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ ‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ ƒ ‹˜‹œ‹‡‹ ’‡–”— •’‡…–‘”ƒ–‡ ƒ
ƒ‰ƒŒƒ–‘…‘’ƒ‹‡ƒ—–‘”‹œƒ–£•‹‰Š––ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽ‘•—Ž–‹‰ȋ•‹‰Š–Ȍ’‡–”—ƒ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ
ƒ—‹–‡’£”싃Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ狃—‡ǣ
 103

x ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ”‡ƒǡ …‘Žƒì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒǡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ç‹ ”ƒ’‘”–ƒ”‡ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” •‘†ƒŒ—Ž—‹
ƒì‹‘ƒŽ ’”‹ ’‘ç–£ ȋ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡ ’‡–”— †‹”‡…–‘”‹ ç‹ ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹ †‹ 煑Ž‹Ž‡
’”‹ƒ”‡ç‹’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡ȌǢ
x …‘Žƒì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒǡƒƒŽ‹œƒç‹”ƒ’‘”–ƒ”‡ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”•‘†ƒŒ—Ž—‹ȋ…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡’‡–”—
‡Ž‡˜‹ Žƒ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž ’”‹ƒ” ç‹ ‰‹ƒœ‹ƒŽǡ ”‡…‡•£Ÿ–—Ž ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‹‹  ç‹
ƒ•‹•–‡ìƒŽƒ‘”‡‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£†‡…£–”‡‹•’‡…–‘”‹ȌǤ
‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–—Ž ’‡–”— †—…ƒì‹‡ ç‹ f–‹‹ì£ ƒ ˆ‘•– ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘”
’‡–”—…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‡’‡–”—‡Ž‡˜‹Ȁ•–—†‡ì‹ç‹”‡˜‹œ—‹”‡ƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ†‡…£–”‡‹•’‡…–‘”‹Ǥ

Colectarea de date
‡Žƒ†‹”‡…–‘”‹ǡ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹ǡ‡Ž‡˜‹ç‹‹•’‡…–‘”‹Žƒ‹˜‡Ž’”‹ƒ”狉‹ƒœ‹ƒŽ•Ǧƒ—…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–
†ƒ–‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ǤB–‘–ƒŽǡƒ…‡ƒ•–£‰ƒ£Žƒ”‰£†‡•—”•‡ƒˆ—”‹œƒ–—•‡–†‡
†ƒ–‡ —Ž– ƒ‹ „‘‰ƒ– †‡…Ÿ– ƒ” ˆ‹ ˆ‘•– ’‘•‹„‹Ž †‡ ‘„싐—– †‹ ‘”‹…‡ ƒŽ–£ •—”•£ —‹…£Ǥ 
’‡”‹•ǡ †‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ …‘’ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ –”‹ƒ‰—Žƒ”‡ƒ †‘˜‡œ‹Ž‘”Ǥ ƒ–‡Ž‡ ’”‹ƒ”‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•–
…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡—–‹Ž‹œŸ†‡–‘†‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡–‘†‡Ž‡†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ǡ£”‹‡ƒ
ç‹’”‘…‡•‡Ž‡†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”•—–†‡•…”‹•‡ƒ‹Œ‘•Ǥ

Sondaj naional asupra directorilor i profesorilor din colile primare i
gimnaziale

Metode de eantionare a sondajului

B–‘–ƒŽǡƒˆ‘•–‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‘’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‡Ž‹‰‹„‹Ž£†‹͵ǤͲʹͶ煑Ž‹’”‹ƒ”‡ç‹͹ͳͳ煑Ž‹’‘•–Ǧ
’”‹ƒ”‡ Á ˜‡†‡”‡ƒ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’£”‹‹ Žƒ •‘†ƒŒ—Ž ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ– Á ”Ÿ†—Ž †‹”‡…–‘”‹Ž‘” ç‹
’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘”Ǥ ”‡•—’—Ÿ† — ’”‘…‡– ‹‹ †‡ ”£•’—• †‡ ͶͲΨ †‹ ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ •‡…–‘”ǡ
†‹…ƒ†”—Ž煑Ž‹Ž‘”’”‹ƒ”‡ǡƒ—ˆ‘•–•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡260煑Ž‹’‡–”—‘„싐‡”‡ƒ——‹‡çƒ–‹‘
˜ƒŽ‹††‹’—…–†‡˜‡†‡”‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ǡ†‡…‡Ž’—싐ͳͲͲ†‡煑Ž‹Ǥ‡çƒ–‹‘†‡155 coli
ƒˆ‘•–•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–†‹–”‡煑Ž‹Ž‡’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡Á˜‡†‡”‡‘„싐‡”‹‹——‹‡çƒ–‹‘˜ƒŽƒ„‹Ž†‹
’—…–†‡˜‡†‡”‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ǡ†‡…‡Ž’—싐ͷͲ†‡煑Ž‹Ǥ„‡Ž‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ‡†‡煑Ž‹ƒ—ˆ‘•–
•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡—–‹Ž‹œŸ†—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡†‡•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ǣ
x ”‡‰‹—‹
x £”‹‡ƒ煑Ž‹‹ȋ‹…£ǡ‡†‹‡ǡƒ”‡Ȍ
x –‹’—Ž煑Ž‹‹ȋ‹š–£ǡ’‡–”—„£‹‡ì‹ǡ’‡–”—ˆ‡–‡Ȍ
x ”ƒ’‘”–—Ž‡Ž‡˜‹Ȁ”Ǥ…‘’—–‡”‡ȋ•…£œ—–ǡ‡†‹—ǡ…”‡•…—–ǡ‡…—‘•…—–Ȍ

‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ 煑Ž‹Ž‘” ’”‹ƒ”‡ ç‹ ’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡ƒ ˆ‘•– •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–£ ’‡ „ƒœƒ ƒ…‡•–‘” ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ǥ
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’”‹ Á…‡’‡”‡ƒ †‹ ’—…–—Ž †‡ ’Ž‡…ƒ”‡ ç‹ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ ˆ‹‡…£”‡‹ ƒ Ǧƒ 煑Ž‹Ǥ —…–—Ž †‡
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Á’£”ì‹”‡ƒ —£”—Ž—‹ –‘–ƒŽ †‡ 煑Ž‹ Žƒ †‹‡•‹—‡ƒ –‘–ƒŽ£ ƒ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ͵ǤͲʹͶ
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…‘ˆ‘” ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘” †‡•…”‹•‡ ƒ‹ •—•Ǥ …‡Žƒç‹ ’”‹…‹’‹— †‡ •‡Ž‡…싇 ƒ ˆ‘•– ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ– ç‹
’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹†‹煑Ž‹Ž‡’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡Ǥ

Metode de colectare a datelor pentru sondaje
Bˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡†‹–”‡煑Ž‹Ž‡…ƒ”‡ƒ—Ž—ƒ–’ƒ”–‡Žƒ•‘†ƒŒǡ†‹”‡…–‘”—Žƒ’”‹‹–‘•…”‹•‘ƒ”‡†‡
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ƒ…‡•–—‹ƒǤ

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”—‰ƒ–‡•£•‡ƒ•‹‰—”‡…£—’”‘ˆ‡•‘”’‡‰”—’†‡…Žƒ•‡…‘’Ž‡–‡ƒœ£—…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”Ǥ

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—…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”Ǥ

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˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‡•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡‡”ƒƒ‹•…£œ—–£†‡…Ÿ–‡†‹ƒǤ

Studiu de caz: evaluarea colilor

Metode de eantionare în procesul de evaluare a colilor supuse studiului de caz

‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ–‡ ——‹ ‡çƒ–‹‘ †‡ ͵ʹ 煑Ž‹ ’”‹ƒ”‡ ç‹ ʹͲ 煑Ž‹
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Metode de colectare a datelor pentru evaluarea colilor supuse studiului de caz

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…‘‘”†‘ƒ–‘”—Ž—‹†‡Ǣ
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’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹ȋ†‡‘„‹…‡‹’ƒ–”—ȌǢ
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x ‘ˆ‡”‹”‡ƒ†‡ˆ‡‡†„ƒ…†‹”‡…–‘”—Ž—‹Ǥ

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…‘’Ž‡–ƒ–…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‡Ǥ

Asisten la or (învmânt primar) i inspecii la anumite materii

(învmânt gimnazial)

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煑Žƒ”‡ǡÁ•’‡…‹ƒŽǡÁ…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡’”‡†ƒ”‡ƒç‹Á˜£ìƒ”‡ƒŽƒ…Žƒ•£Ǥ

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†‡‹–‡‰”ƒ”‡ƒÁ’”‡†ƒ”‡ç‹Á˜£ìƒ”‡Ǥ

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B煑Ž‹Ž‡’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡ǡ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž†‡”‡˜‹œ—‹”‡ƒƒˆ‘•–…‘…‡–”ƒ–’‡ƒ–‡”‹‡ç‹ƒ
…‘ì‹—– †‘—£ •‡…ì‹—‹Ǥ ”‹ƒ •‡…ì‹—‡ ƒ …—’”‹• — …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ” •…—”– ”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘” Žƒ
ƒ–‡”‹‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ ‡…‡•‹–ƒ– ƒ†”‡•ƒ”‡ƒ Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘” †‡ …£–”‡ ‹•’‡…–‘”‹ǡ †‹”‡…–‘”‹Ž‘” ç‹
’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘” †‡ Žƒ ‘ ƒ—‹–£ ƒ–‡”‹‡ ȋ•ƒ— ƒ–‡”‹‹Ȍ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡Ǥ …‡•–‡ƒ ƒ— …‘ì‹—–
Á–”‡„£”‹ Ž‡‰ƒ–‡ †‡ —–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ  Á …ƒ†”—Ž ƒ—‹–‘” ƒ–‡”‹‹ǡ  Á ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ
ƒ–‡”‹‹Ž‘” ç‹ ’”‡‰£–‹”‡ƒ ç‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ  Á ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ ‡Ž‡˜‹Ž‘”Ǥ 
†‘—ƒ•‡…ì‹—‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹†‡”‡˜‹œ—‹”‡ƒ…—’”‹•†‘—£ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡†‡ƒ•‹•–‡ì£Žƒ‘”£
ç‹ ƒ ‡…‡•‹–ƒ– Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ …£–”‡ ‹•’‡…–‘”‹ ƒ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž—‹ †‡ ‹–‡‰”ƒ”‡ ƒ  Á
’”‡†ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ Á˜£ìƒ”‡ƒ ƒ–‡”‹‡‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡Ǥ B ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ ‹•’‡…–‘”‹‹ ƒ— …‘’Ž‡–ƒ– ——Ž
†‹–”‡ ƒ…‡•–‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡ ’‡–”— ‘ Ž‡…싇 ’”‡†ƒ–£ ‡Ž‡˜‹Ž‘” †‹ …‹…Ž—Ž †‡ Œ—‹‘”‹ ç‹ ——Ž
’‡–”—‘Ž‡…싇’”‡†ƒ–£‡Ž‡˜‹Ž‘”†‹…‹…Ž—Ž†‡•‡‹‘”‹Ǥ

B–‹’—Ž’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡”‡˜‹œ—‹”‡’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”£ǡ‹•’‡…–‘”‹‹ƒ—˜‹œ‹–ƒ–ͳͳͳ煑Ž‹’‘•–Ǧ
’”‹ƒ”‡ç‹ƒ—…‘’Ž‡–ƒ–’”‘‰”ƒ‡†‡”‡˜‹œ—‹”‡’”‹˜‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ͵ͳͳŽ‡…ì‹‹Ǥ

Evaluarea on-line 

BʹͲ†‡煑Ž‹’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡ǡ‹•’‡…–‘”‹‹ƒ—‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–—–‘–ƒŽ†‡͹ͻ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹…ƒ”‡ƒ—
’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–Žƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ煑Ž‹‹•—’—•‡•–—†‹—Ž—‹†‡…ƒœǤ ‹‡…ƒ”‡†‹–”‡ƒ…‡ç–‹’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹ƒ
ˆ‘•–ƒ‹ƒ’‘‹‹˜‹–ƒ–•£‹ƒ’ƒ”–‡Žƒ—•‘†ƒŒ†‡—”£”‹”‡‘ǦŽ‹‡ǡ‡‹–ƒ…‘•–”—‹—
’”‘ˆ‹Ž ƒŽ ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘” ‹’Ž‹…ƒì‹ ç‹ •£ ‘„싐£ ‘ ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜£ ƒ‹ …‘’Ž‡–£ ƒ•—’”ƒ
’£”‡”‹Ž‘” ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ †‡•’”‡ …Ÿ–‡˜ƒ ’”‘„Ž‡‡ •’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ ”‹†‹…ƒ–‡ Á –‹’—Ž ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘”Ǥ
”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘” Ž‹ •Ǧƒ …‡”—– •£ …‘’Ž‡–‡œ‡ — …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ” ‘ǦŽ‹‡ „ƒœƒ– Á ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ ’‡
”£•’—•—”‹‘„싐—–‡Žƒ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ǥ–‘–ƒŽ†‡͵͹’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹ƒ—…‘’Ž‡–ƒ–…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž
Ȅ‘ ”ƒ–£ †‡ ”£•’—• †‡ Ͷ͹ΨǤ ”‘ˆ‹Ž—Ž ƒ…‡•–‘” ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹ ƒ ˆ‘•– …‘’ƒ”ƒ– …— …‡Ž ƒŽ
‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘” †‡ ͺͲͲ ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹ …ƒ”‡ ƒ— …‘’Ž‡–ƒ– …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž –”‹‹• ’”‹
’‘ç–£Ǥ ”‘ˆ‹Ž—”‹Ž‡ …‡Ž‘” †‘—£ ‰”—’—”‹ •Ǧƒ— ’‘–”‹˜‹– †‡•–—Ž †‡ Á†‡ƒ’”‘ƒ’‡ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡
’”‹˜‡ç–‡——£”†‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ”‡•’‡…–‹˜ǡ•‡šǡ˜Ÿ”•–£ç‹†‡ì‹‡”‡ƒ——‹
…‘’—–‡”Ǥ

Metode de analiz a datelor
‘ƒ–‡†ƒ–‡Ž‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡…ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ƒ—ˆ‘•–‹–”‘†—•‡Á…‘’—–‡”ç‹‹’‘”–ƒ–‡Áƒ–ƒ
‡• ç‹  ’‡–”— ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ”‡ƒ —‡‹ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡ •–ƒ–‹•–‹…‡Ǥ ‹‡…ƒ”‡ –ƒ„‡Ž ç‹ ‘”‰ƒ‹‰”ƒ£
†‹ƒ…‡•–”ƒ’‘”–’”‡œ‹–£”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡’”‹˜‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ—–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ’”‘…‡–ƒŒ‡Ž‘”ç‹…‹ˆ”‡Ž‘”Ǥ
‘ƒ–‡’”‘…‡–ƒŒ‡Ž‡•‡„ƒœ‡ƒœ£’‡…‹ˆ”‡˜ƒŽ‹†‡ȋƒ†‹…£ǡÁ…ƒœ—ŽÁ…ƒ”‡”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹ƒ—
”£•’—•ŽƒÁ–”‡„£”‹ǡ†ƒ…£—•‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…£ƒŽ–…‡˜ƒȌǤƒ—‹–£”‘–—Œ‹”‡ƒ’”‘…‡–ƒŒ‡Ž‘”
ƒ ƒ˜—– Ž‘…Ǥ ”†‹‡ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” †‹ ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ •‡…ì‹—‡ —”£”‡ç–‡ Á ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ‘”†‹‡ƒ
Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”†‹…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‡”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡Ǥ

Diseminarea constatrilor evalurilor

‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘”ƒ—ˆ‘•–Á’£”–£ç‹–‡ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Á‘‡–‡†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡’‡
’ƒ”…—”•—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ ƒ ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ ˜‹œ‹–‡Ž‘” Á 煑Ž‹ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡ Á –‹’—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹
煑Ž‹Ž‘”•—’—•‡•–—†‹—Ž—‹†‡…ƒœǡƒˆ‘•–Á–‘…‹–—•…—”–”ƒ’‘”–ǡ…ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘•–ƒ’‘‹–”‹‹•
…£–”‡ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡煑ƒŽ£Ǥ…‡•–‡”ƒ’‘ƒ”–‡•‡”‡ˆ‡”‡ƒ—Žƒˆƒ…‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡‡š‹•–‡–‡Á煑Ž‹ǡç‹
†‡ ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ Žƒ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ  ç‹ —–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ  Žƒ …Žƒ•£Ǥ ‹‡…ƒ”‡ ”ƒ’‘”– ƒ ‹…Ž—•
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹†‡”‡œ‘Ž˜ƒ–†‡…£–”‡煑Ž‹…ƒ’ƒ”–‡†‹’Žƒ—”‹Ž‡ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ†‡†‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡Á
…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡—–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒÁ煑ƒŽ£’‡„ƒœƒ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‘”…‘•–ƒ–£”‹†‡•…”‹•‡†‡
•’‡…–‘”ƒ–ǡ…Ÿ–狃’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‘”ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹’”‘’—•‡’‡–”—Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒÁ˜‹‹–‘”ƒ
‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Ǥ
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Cazul 2. Abordarea Bncii Mondiale a evalurii impactului al oselelor
(Adaptat dup “Evaluarea impactului socio-economic al oselelor rurale”, Metodologie i chestionare,
Banca Mondial, 2002)

De ce acest exemplu?

…‡•–‡š‡’Ž—†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡•—ƒ–‹˜£ƒˆ‘•–•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–’‡–”—ǣ
x ƒ ƒ”£–ƒ ‘ ‰ƒ£ Žƒ”‰£ †‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ǡ …ƒ”‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ —–‹Ž‹œƒì‹ ’‡–”— ƒ £•—”ƒ
‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‡ †‹”‡…–‡ ç‹ ‹†‹”‡…–‡ǡ — —ƒ‹ ’‡–”— ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ Á •‡…–‘”—Ž
–”ƒ•’‘”–—”‹Ž‘”ǡ…‹ç‹Á‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ†‡œ˜‘Ž–£”‹‹”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ‡ǡ”‡ì‡ƒ—ƒ†‡’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ
煑Ž‹Ž‘”ǡ•’‹–ƒŽ‡Ž‘”狃Ž–‡‡Ž‡‡–‡†‡‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”£Ǣ
x ƒ†‡•…”‹‡’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡…”‡ƒì‹‡ƒ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘”†‡…‘–”‘Žȋ…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡ȌÁ•‹–—ƒì‹ƒÁ
…ƒ”‡ƒ…‡•–ƒ—ƒƒ˜—–Ž‘…Áƒ‹–‡†‡Á…‡’‡”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǣ
x ƒ †‡‘•–”ƒ •–”—…–—”ƒ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”—Ž—‹ …‘ˆ‘” ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘” ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹
ƒ–‡”‹‘”Ǣ
x ƒˆ—”‹œƒ‘‹ƒ‰‹‡†‡ƒ•ƒ„Ž—ƒ•—’”ƒ—–‹Ž‹œ£”‹‹”‡‰”‡•‹‡‹ç‹ƒ‘†‡Ž—Ž—‹•£—
•–ƒ–‹•–‹…Ǥ

Informaii generale
‡…–‘”—Ž –”ƒ•’‘”–—”‹Ž‘” ƒ”‡ ‘ Ž—‰£ –”ƒ†‹ì‹‡ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ Œ—•–‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ
’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‘” ’‡ „ƒœƒ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì‡‹ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‹˜‡•–‹ì‹‹Ž‘” ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ Á ˜‹”–—–‡ƒ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹
…‘•–Ǧ„‡‡ˆ‹…‹—Ǥ ‡–”— ‹˜‡•–‹ì‹‹ Á –”ƒ•’‘”–—Ž ’‡ 瑕‡Ž‡ǡ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡ „‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹
‡…‘‘‹…‡…‘•–ƒ—Á‡…‘‘‹•‹”‡ƒ…‘•–—”‹Ž‘”†‡ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒŽ‡˜‡Š‹…—Ž‡Ž‘”ȋ…—ƒ”
ˆ‹…‘•–—Ž…‘„—•–‹„‹Ž‹Ž‘”ǡÁ–”‡ì‹‡”‹‹˜‡Š‹…—Ž—Ž—‹Ȍǡ‡…‘‘‹ƒ†‡–‹’ç‹”‹•…—Ž”‡†—•†‡
ƒ……‹†‡–‡Ǥ

‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ǡ Á…‡’Ÿ† …— ʹͲͲͳǡ ƒ…ƒ ‘†‹ƒŽ£ •‡ …‘…‡–”‡ƒœ£ Á ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ ’‡
”‡†—…‡”‡ƒ•£”£…‹‡‹ǡ•Ǧƒ…‘•–ƒ–ƒ–ƒ’ƒ”‹ì‹ƒ‹–‡”‡•—Ž—‹’‡–”—‹’ƒ…–—Ž†‹•–”‹„—ì‹‘ƒŽƒŽ
’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‘” †‡ –”ƒ•’‘”– ç‹ Á •’‡…‹ƒŽǡ ’‡–”— ‹’ƒ…–—Ž ƒ•—’”ƒ ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘” •£”ƒ…‡Ǥ ‡
ŽŸ‰£ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‡…‘‘‹…£ǡ •Ǧƒ— ˆ£…—– Á…‡”…£”‹ †‡ ƒ £•—”ƒ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ‡ ç‹
‡…‘‘‹…‡ƒŽ‡†”——”‹Ž‘””—”ƒŽ‡—–‹Ž‹œŸ††‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ƒ„‘”†£”‹Ǥ

…‘’—Žƒ…‡•–‡‹‡–ƒǦ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ƒˆ‘•–ƒ…‡Žƒ†‡ƒƒƒŽ‹œƒ’”ƒ…–‹…ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‘”†‡
–”ƒ•’‘”– ç‹ †‡ ƒ ƒŒ—–ƒ ƒƒ‰‡”‹‹ †‡ •ƒ”…‹‹ ç‹ …Ž‹‡ì‹‹ •£Ǧç‹ †‡œ˜‘Ž–‡ ‘ …‘Ž‡…싇
”‹‰—”‘ƒ•£ †‡ †ƒ–‡ ç‹ ‡–‘†‡ ƒƒŽ‹–‹…‡ǡ …ƒ”‡ •£ ’‘ƒ–£ ˆ‘”ƒ „ƒœƒ —‡‹ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹
•‹•–‡ƒ–‹…‡ ƒ ’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‘” †‡ …‘•–”—‹”‡ ƒ 瑕‡Ž‡Ž‘”Ǥ ”‹…‹’‹‹Ž‡ ç‹ ‹•–”—‡–‡Ž‡
’”‘’—•‡ƒ‹…‹–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡’‡”…‡’—–‡…ƒ‘†‡Ž‡ˆŽ‡š‹„‹Ž‡ǡ—‰Š‹†’‡–”—‘’ì‹—‹Ž‡†‡
†‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡’‡–”—…‘–‡š–‡†‡샔£•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡Ǥ

Întrebri de evaluare

ƒ”‡‡•–‡ƒ‰‹–—†‹‡ƒç‹†‹•–”‹„—싃‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‘”†‹”‡…–ç‹‹†‹”‡…–‡ƒŽ‡’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‘”
…‘•–”—‹”‹‹†‡瑕‡Ž‡ǫ

Efectele directe ale proiectelor de construire de osele pot fi:
x ”‡†—…‡”‡ƒ–‹’—Ž—‹†‡…£Ž£–‘”‹‡•’”‡Ž‘…—Ž†‡—…£ǡ煑Ž‹ǡ•’‹–ƒŽ‡ǡ’‹‡ì‡‡–…ǤǢ
x ‡…‘‘‹‹ Á …‘•–—”‹Ž‡ †‡ ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ”‡ ƒŽ‡ ˜‡Š‹…—Ž‡Ž‘” ȋ…— ƒ” ˆ‹ …‘•–—Ž
…‘„—•–‹„‹Ž—Ž—‹ǡÁ–”‡ì‹‡”‡ƒ˜‡Š‹…—Ž—Ž—‹ȌǢ
x ”‡†—…‡”‡ƒ”‹•…—Ž—‹†‡ƒ……‹†‡–‡Ǥ
 108


‘’‘œ‹ì‹ƒ ç‹ †‹•–”‹„—싃 ‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‘” †‹”‡…–‡ †‡’‹†‡ †‡ …‘’‘œ‹ì‹ƒ —–‹Ž‹œƒ–‘”‹Ž‘” ç‹
•–”—…–—”ƒ’‹‡ì‡‹†‡–”ƒ•’‘”–Ǥ…‡•–‡ƒ’‘–ˆ‹Ž‘…ƒŽ‡ǡ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ‡ǡƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡ǡ‹–‡”ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡Ǥ
‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹Ž‡ —‡‹ 瑕‡Ž‡ ”—”ƒŽ‡ •‡ ’‘– ‡š–‹†‡ Žƒ ˆ‡”‹‡”‹‹ Ž‘…ƒŽ‹ǡ ”‡œ‹†‡ì‹‹ —”„ƒ‹ǡ
’”‘†—…£–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‹•ƒ—–—”‹ç–‹‹•–”£‹‹Ǥ

Indicatorii de rezultate directe utilizai pentru a msura efectele directe:
x ‡•‹–ƒ–‡ƒ–”ƒˆ‹…—Ž—‹ȋ˜‡Š‹…—Ž‡’‡œ‹ǡˆ”‡…˜‡ìƒ•‡”˜‹…‹—Ž—‹†‡ƒ—–‘„—œȌǢ
x ƒ’ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒ瑕‡Ž‡‹ȋ—£”—Ž†‡œ‹Ž‡†‡Á…Š‹†‡”‡ƒ瑕‡Ž‡‹ȌǢ
x ƒš‡ç‹…‘•–—”‹ȋ–ƒš‡†‡–”ƒ•’‘”–’ƒ•ƒ‰‡”‹ç‹£”ˆ—”‹ȌǢ
x ‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ –”ƒ•’‘”– ȋ—£” †‡ …£Ž£–‘”‹‹ǡ †—”ƒ–ƒǡ ‘† †‡ –”ƒ•’‘”– …£–”‡
†‡•–‹ƒì‹‹Ž‡•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ǡ’‡…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹†‡˜Ÿ”•–£ç‹†‡•‡šȌǢ
x ‡ì‹‡”‡ƒ†‡˜‡Š‹…—Ž‡ȋ˜‡Š‹…—Ž‡‘–‘”‹œƒ–‡ç‹‘Ǧ‘–‘”‹œƒ–‡†‡ì‹—–‡ȌǢ
x ……‹†‡–‡ȋ”£‹ç‹†‡…‡•‡ǡ’‡‰”—’‡†‡˜Ÿ”•–£ç‹•‡šȌǤ

Indicatorii de rezultate ale politicii utilizai pentru a msura efectele directe:
x ……‡•—ŽŽƒ‡†—…ƒì‹‡ȋ…‹ˆ”ƒ†‡煑Žƒ”‹œƒ”‡ç‹”ƒ–ƒƒ„ƒ†‘—Ž—‹’‡•‡š‡ȌǢ
x ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ‡†—…ƒì‹‡‹ ȋƒ„•‡–‡‹•—Ž ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘”ǡ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ”‡•—”•‡Ž‘”
煑Žƒ”‡ȌǢ
x –ƒ–—–—Ž‡†—…ƒì‹‡‹ȋƒŽˆƒ„‡–‹œƒ”‡ǡ‡†‹ƒƒ‹Ž‘”†‡‡†—…ƒì‹‡ǡ’‡‰”—’‡†‡˜Ÿ”•–£ǡ
’‡•‡š‡ȌǢ
x ……‡• Žƒ ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ †‡ •££–ƒ–‡ ȋ—£”—Ž †‡ ˜‹œ‹–‡ǡ ’‡ ‰”—’‡ †‡ ˜Ÿ”•–£ ç‹ ’‡
•‡š‡ȌǢ
x ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‘” †‡ •££–ƒ–‡ ȋ…ƒŽ‹ˆ‹…£”‹Ž‡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž—‹ǡ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
”‡•—”•‡Ž‘”‡†‹…ƒŽ‡ȌǢ
x –ƒ–—–—Ž •££–£ì‹‹ ȋ‹…‹†‡ìƒ „‘Ž‹Ž‘”ǡ —£”—Ž †‡ œ‹Ž‡ †‡ Ž—…”— ’‹‡”†—–‡ †‹
…ƒ—œƒ„‘Ž‹Ž‘”ǡ’‡‰”—’‡†‡˜Ÿ”•–£ç‹’‡•‡š‡ȌǢ
x ……‡•—ŽŽƒ’‹‡ì‡ȋˆ”‡…˜‡ìƒ˜‹œ‹–‡Ž‘”’‡‰”—’‡†‡˜Ÿ”•–£ç‹•‡šǡ’”‘†—•‡˜Ÿ†—–‡
狃…Š‹œ‹ì‹‘ƒ–‡ȌǢ
x ”‡ì—”‹ȋ’”‡ì—”‹Ž‡£”ˆ—”‹Ž‘”…Š‡‹‡ǡ”‡•—”•‡ƒ‰”‹…‘Ž‡ǡ–‡”‡ȌǤ

Indicatori de rezultate pe termen lung utilizai pentru a msura efectele

indirecte:
x ’ƒ…–—Ž ƒ•—’”ƒ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ƒ‰”‹…‘Ž‡ ȋ…‘„‹ƒì‹ƒ †‡ ”‡…‘Ž–‡ǡ —–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ
”‡•—”•‡Ž‘”ǡ˜‹œ‹–‡ƒŽ‡ƒ‰‡ì‹Ž‘”†‡‡š–‹†‡”‡ȌǢ
x ’ƒ…–—Žƒ•—’”ƒƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘”‘Ǧƒ‰”‹…‘Ž‡ȋ…‘„‹ƒì‹ƒ†‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹ǡƒ‰ƒŒƒ”‡ƒ
Áƒˆƒ”ƒˆ‡”‡‹ȌǢ
x –”—…–—”ƒ˜‡‹–—Ž—‹ȋ–‹’—Ž•—”•‡Ž‘”†‡˜‡‹–ȌǢ
x ‘’‘œ‹ì‹ƒ…Š‡Ž–—‹‡Ž‹Ž‘”ȋ’”‘…‡–ƒŒ—Ž†‡ƒŽ‹‡–‡ǡ–”ƒ•’‘”–ȌǢ
x –‡”ƒ…ì‹—‡ƒ •‘…‹ƒŽ£ ȋ—£”—Ž †‡ ˜‹œ‹–‡ Á ƒŽ–‡ •ƒ–‡ ç‹ ‘”ƒç‡ǡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ”‡ Žƒ
‡˜‡‹‡–‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡ǡ’‡‰”—’‡†‡˜Ÿ”•–£ç‹•‡šȌǢ
x ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ȋ—£”†‡˜‹œ‹–‡ƒŽ‡‘ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ‹Ž‘”‰—˜‡”—Ž—‹ǡ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ”‡ƒŽƒ
‡˜‡‹‡–‡Á…ƒ†”—Ž…‘—‹–£ì‹‹•ƒ—’‘Ž‹–‹…‡ǡ’‡‰”—’‡†‡˜Ÿ”•–£ç‹•‡š‡ȌǤ

ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‘” †‡ …‘•–”—‹”‡ †‡ †”——”‹ǡ ‡•–‡ ‡…‡•ƒ” †‡ £•—”ƒ– †‡
ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ ‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ’‘ƒ–‡ ‡š‹•–ƒ ‘ …”‡ç–‡”‡ ƒ —£”—Ž—‹ †‡
ƒ……‹†‡–‡ǡ†‡•’£†—”‹”‡ç‹”£•’Ÿ†‹”‡ƒȀǤ

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Modelul evalurii
Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ‘†‡Ž—Ž—‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹†‡’‹†‡†‡…ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹Ž‡瑕‡Ž‡Ž‘”狃Ž‡’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹†‹
Á’”‡Œ—”‹‹ ȋ‡Ǥ ‰Ǥ †‡•‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ǡ †‹•’‡”•‹ƒ •’ƒì‹ƒŽ£ ƒ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ǡ –‹’—Ž †‡
ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡‡…‘‘‹…£‡–…ǤȌǤ–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ†‡‘†‡Ž‡‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡˜ƒˆ‹ˆ‡œƒ„‹Ž£…Ÿ†ǡ…‡Ž
’—싐†‘—£…‘†‹ì‹‹˜‘”ˆ‹Á†‡’Ž‹‹–‡ǣ
x ”‘‰”ƒ—Ž •‡ †‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£ Žƒ •…ƒ”£ Žƒ”‰£ ç‹ ƒ”‡ — —£” •—ˆ‹…‹‡– †‡ œ‘‡ †‡
–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ç‹…‘–”‘Ž’‡–”—ƒ’—–‡ƒˆ‹•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹—Ǣ
x ”‘‰”ƒ—Ž’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–Á†‘—£‡–ƒ’‡ǣŽƒÁ…‡’—–ǡ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‘”
†‹”‡…–‡ç‹ƒ’‘‹ǡ‹†‹”‡…–‡ƒŽ‡’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‘”†‡…‘•–”—…싇†‡瑕‡Ž‡Ǥ…‡ƒ•–£’”‡Ǧ
…‘†‹ì‹‡‘ˆ‡”£‘‘’‘”–—‹–ƒ–‡’‡–”—ƒ‡˜‹–ƒ†‹ˆ‹…—Ž–£ì‹Ž‡’‘Ž‹–‹…‡ç‹‡–‹…‡…ƒ”‡ƒ”
’—–‡ƒƒ’£”‡ƒÁ…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡…‘–”‘Ž—Žç‹‹•‹—‡ƒ‰”—’—Ž—‹†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–Ǥ

‹ ’£…ƒ–‡ǡ Á ƒŒ‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ’”‘‹‡…–‡Ž‘” †‡ 瑕‡Ž‡ ”—”ƒŽ‡ǡ ƒ…‡•–‡ …‘†‹ì‹‹ — ˜‘” ˆ‹
Á†‡’Ž‹‹–‡Ǥ•–ˆ‡Žǡ…‡ƒƒ‹’‘–”‹˜‹–£ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹…£˜ƒˆ‹†‹”Ÿ†—Ž‡–‘†‡Ž‘”
…˜ƒ•‹Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡Ǥƒ…£†ƒ–‡Ž‡†‡”‡ˆ‡”‹ì£•—–†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡•ƒ—’‘–ˆ‹…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡…ƒ
’ƒ”–‡ †‹ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ ‘†‡Ž—Ž ’”‡ˆ‡”ƒ– Á ‘† …Žƒ” ‡•–‡ Modelul 2ǣ ”‡Ǧ
–‡•–ƒ”‡ƒǡ‘•–Ǧ–‡•–ƒ”‡ƒ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘”†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ç‹…‘–”‘ŽǤ

…‡•–ƒ…‘•–£Á…‘’ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘”†‡‹’ƒ…–Áƒ‹–‡ȋ†ƒ–‡’”‡Ǧ–‡•–ƒ”‡Ȍ狆—’£
ȋ†ƒ–‡’‘•–Ǧ–‡•–ƒ”‡Ȍ…‘•–”—‹”‡ƒ瑕‡Ž‡‹Áœ‘‡Ž‡†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ç‹…‘’ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒƒ…‡•–‘”
•…Š‹„£”‹ …— •…Š‹„£”‹Ž‡ ‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‡ Á ƒ”‹‹Ž‡ †‡ …‘–”‘Ž —†‡ — •Ǧƒ …‘•–”—‹– •ƒ—
‘†‡”‹œƒ–‹…‹‘瑕‡ƒǤB…ƒœ—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹瑕‡Ž‡Ž‘”ǡ—‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡‘„•‡”˜ƒ”‡˜ƒˆ‹Á‘†
–‹’‹……‘—‹–ƒ–‡ƒ•ƒ—‡–‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…£ȋ†‹•–”‹…–ǡŒ—†‡ìȌǡ…ƒ”‡‡•–‡—–‹Ž‹œƒ–£’‡–”—ƒ
†‡ˆ‹‹œ‘ƒ†‡‹ˆŽ—‡ì£ƒ瑕‡Ž‡‹Ǥ


”—’—Ž †‡ …‘–”‘Ž –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ˆ‹‡ …”‡ƒ– —–‹Ž‹œŸ† ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ •‹’Ž£ ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹‡ ƒ
œ‘‡Ž‘” †‡ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡ǡ •ƒ— —–‹Ž‹œŸ† ‡–‘†‡ …˜ƒ•‹Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡Ǥ
”—’—”‹Ž‡ †‡
–”ƒ–ƒ‡– ç‹ …‘–”‘Ž ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£ ˆ‹‡ Á†‡ƒŒ—• †‡ ƒ”‹ ’‡–”— ƒ ƒ˜‡ƒ •‡‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹‡
•–ƒ–‹•–‹…£˜ƒŽƒ„‹Ž£Ǥ

‘†‡Ž—Ž†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡’”‘’—•…‘•–£Ádou etape „ƒœŸ†—Ǧ•‡Á•’‡…‹ƒŽǡ’‡…—Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ
†ƒ–‡Ž‘”„ƒœƒ–£†‡•‘†ƒŒ‡ç‹’‡ƒƒŽ‹œƒ…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜£ƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒǤ

Prima etap …—’”‹†‡ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž †‹”‡…– ƒ•—’”ƒ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘” †‡ –”ƒ•’‘”– ȋ…‘•–—”‹ †‡
–”ƒ•’‘”–ç‹–‹’ǡƒ……‡•‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡‡–…ǤȌ狃˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‡ȋƒ……‡•Žƒ’‹‡ì‡ǡˆƒ…‹Ž‹–£ì‹
†‡•££–ƒ–‡ç‹‡†—…ƒì‹‡‡–…ǤȌǤƒ–‡Ž‡†‹ƒ…‡•–‘†—Žˆƒ…’‘•‹„‹Ž£†‹•–”‹„—‹”‡ƒ‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‘”
†‹”‡…–‡ƒ•—’”ƒ†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘”‰”—’—”‹•‘…‹‘Ǧ‡…‘‘‹…‡Ǥ

A doua etap …—’”‹†‡ ‡ˆ‡…–‡ ‹†‹”‡…–‡ †‡ …”‡ç–‡”‡ ƒ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž—‹ †‡ „—£•–ƒ”‡
…‘…‡–”ƒ–‡’‡Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ˜‡‹–—Ž—‹‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹Ž‘”ǡ•–£”‹‹†‡•££–ƒ–‡ç‹ƒ•–ƒ–—–—Ž—‹
‡†—…ƒì‹‡‹ç‹ƒ——‹‰”ƒ†…”‡•…—–†‡‹–‡”ƒ…ì‹—‡•‘…‹ƒŽ£ç‹’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ”‡’‘Ž‹–‹…£Ǥ

”‹ƒ‡–ƒ’£’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ–£ˆ£”£…‡ƒ†‡Ǧƒ†‘—ƒǡ†ƒ”ƒ†‘—ƒƒ”‡•‡•—ƒ‹Á’”‡—£
…—’”‹ƒǤ
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Colectarea de date
‘†‡Ž‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡ –”‡„—‹‡ •£ ˆ‹‡ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹–‡ Áƒ‹–‡ †‡ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡Ǥ …‡ƒ•–ƒ ‡•–‡ ‘
†‹ˆ‡”‡ì£‹’‘”–ƒ–£ˆƒì£†‡‘†‡Ž‡Ž‡…˜ƒ•‹Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ‡…ƒ”‡Á…‡ƒ”…£•£‰‡‡”‡œ‡
‰”—’—”‹ †‡ …‘–”‘Ž Á —”ƒ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ǡ …— ƒŒ—–‘”—Ž ‡–‘†‡Ž‘” •–ƒ–‹•–‹…‡ ç‹
‡…‘‘‡–”‹…‡ǡ …ƒ †‡ ‡š‡’Ž— ‡–‘†ƒ †‡ ’‘–”‹˜‹”‡ ’”‹ —–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ •…‘”—”‹Ž‘” †‡
Á…Ž‹ƒ”‡ǡ…ƒŽ…—Žƒ”‡ƒ†‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡Ž‘”†—„Ž‡•ƒ——–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‹Ž‘””‡ˆŽ‡š‹˜‡ǡ‰‡‡”‹…‡
•ƒ—…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‹—„”£Ǥ

B…ƒœ—Žcomparaiilor reflexiveǡ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹‹Áç‹ç‹ˆ—”‹œ‡ƒœ£‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡†‡…‘–”‘Ž
…‘’ƒ”Ÿ†—Ǧ•‡ Áƒ‹–‡ ç‹ †—’£ …‡ „‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒœ£ †‡ ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡Ǥ  B …‡‡ƒ …‡
’”‹˜‡ç–‡ comparaiile genericeǡ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž ‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹ ƒ•—’”ƒ „‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”‹Ž‘” ‡•–‡
…‘’ƒ”ƒ–…—‘”ƒ•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–£’‡–”—•…Š‹„£”‹Ž‡‘„‹ç—‹–‡…‡ƒ’ƒ”Á”Ÿ†—Ž’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹
싐–£ǤComparaiile umbr …‘•–ƒ—Á’£”‡”‡ƒ‡š’‡”ì‹Ž‘”ǡƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”†‡’”‘‰”ƒ
ç‹Ȁ•ƒ— ƒ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹Ž‘” •‡Ž‡…–ƒì‹ ƒ•—’”ƒ ƒ …‡‡ƒ …‡ ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒç–‡’–ƒ– Á ‘† ‘„‹ç—‹–
’‡–”—’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ싐–£Á…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡…—”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡”‡ƒŽ‡Ǥ

‘†‡Ž—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ’”‘’—• •‡ „ƒœ‡ƒœ£ Á ’”‹—Ž ”Ÿ† ’‡ …—Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ †‡ †ƒ–‡ ’”‹
•‘†ƒŒç‹’‡ƒƒŽ‹œ‡Ž‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ƒŽ‡ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒǤ…‡•–Ž—…”——Á•‡ƒ£…£
— ‡š‹•–£ Ž‘… ’‡–”— ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‹˜‡ •ƒ— …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ •–ˆ‡Ž †‡
‡–‘†‡ ’‘– ˆ‹ …‘„‹ƒ–‡ …— — •‹•–‡ ’‡ „ƒœ£ †‡ •‘†ƒŒ‡ǡ Á ˆ—…싇 †‡ ‡…‡•‹–£ì‹Ǥ
‡–‘†‡Ž‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ǡÁ‘†‘„‹ç—‹–—•‡„ƒœ‡ƒœ£’‡…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡ǡ…‹ƒ‹†‡‰”ƒ„£’‡
†‹•…—ì‹‹ †‡•…Š‹•‡ …— ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹ǡ ˆ‘…—• ‰”—’—”‹ ˆ‘”ƒ–‡ †‹ ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ ç‹
‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ …— ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹ …Š‡‹‡ǡ …— ƒ” ˆ‹ …‘†—…£–‘”‹‹ •ƒ–—Ž—‹ǡ ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹‹ †‡ 煑ƒŽ£ǡ
‘ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ‹†‹•‡…–‘”—Ž•££–£ì‹‹ç‹…‡‹ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǤ

‘ƒ†‡…‘–”‘Ž–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡‹†‡–‹…£…—…‡ƒ†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ǡ…—‡š…‡’싃‹–‡”˜‡ì‹‡‹Ǥ
„‘”†ƒ”‡ƒ ’”ƒ…–‹…£ ˜ƒ ˆ‹ †‡ˆ‹‹”‡ƒ œ‘‡‹ †‡ ‹ˆŽ—‡ì£ ’‡–”— ƒ …‘‹…‹†‡ …— ‡–‹–£ì‹Ž‡
ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡’ƒ”…—”•‡†‡瑕‡ƒǤ


”—’—Ž †‡ –”ƒ–ƒ‡– …‘•–£ †‹ …‘—‡ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ Á ‘† ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹— †‹–”Ǧ‘ Ž‹•–£ ƒ
–—–—”‘” …‘—‡Ž‘” …— ’”‘’—‡”‹ †‡ ’”‘‹‡…– Á ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ ’”‘˜‹…‹‡Ǥ  ‘—‡Ž‡ •—’—•‡
…‘–”‘Ž—Ž—‹ȋ…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹‡‹Ȍ•—–•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡†‹–”Ǧ‘Ž‹•–£ƒ…‡Ž‘””£ƒ•‡ǡˆ£”£’”‘’—‡”‹†‡
’”‘‹‡…–ǡ†ƒ”…ƒ”‡•‡ƒˆŽ£Áƒ…‡Žƒç‹†‹•–”‹…–…ƒç‹…‡Ž‡•—’—•‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–—Ž—‹Ǥ

‘†ƒŒ—Ž †‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‹ì£ ƒ” –”‡„—‹ •£ ˆ‹‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ– Áƒ‹–‡ †‡ Á…‡’‡”‡ƒ …‘•–”—‹”‹‹ •ƒ—
‘†‡”‹œ£”‹‹ 瑕‡Ž‡‹Ǥ  —‹–‡ Ž—…”£”‹ †‡ ‘†‡”‹œƒ”‡ǡ …ƒ †‡•‹–ƒ–‡ƒ …”‡•…—–£ ƒ
–”ƒˆ‹…—Ž—‹ •ƒ— Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ ƒ……‡•—Ž—‹ Žƒ 煑Ž‹ǡ ’‘– ƒ˜‡ƒ Ž‘… †‡•–—Ž †‡ ”ƒ’‹†ǡ †ƒ”
‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‡ƒ•—’”ƒ…‹…Ž—Ž—‹”‡…‘Ž–‡Ž‘”狘‡‹–—”‹Ž‘”†‹‡†‹—Ž”—”ƒŽ•‡’‘–ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹œƒÁ
…Ÿì‹˜ƒƒ‹Ǥ•–ˆ‡Žǡ†‡…‹œ‹ƒ–”‡„—‹‡Ž—ƒ–£Á„ƒœƒ—£”—Ž—‹†‡•‘†ƒŒ‡†‡—”£”‹”‡…‡
–”‡„—‹‡•£ˆ‹‡‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡ç‹Á…‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ†‡–‹’Ǥ

ƒ…£ — ‡š‹•–£ ”‡•—”•‡ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡ †‡…Ÿ– ’‡–”— — •‘†ƒŒ †‡ —”£”‹”‡ǡ ’”ƒ…–‹…ƒ
…‘—£‡•–‡†‡ƒǦŽ’”‘‰”ƒƒ’‡ƒ…‡•–ƒŽƒʹ•ƒ—Ͷƒ‹†—’£…‡Ž†‡”‡ˆ‡”‹ì£Ǥƒ…£•—–
’‘•‹„‹Ž‡ǡ•‡”‡…‘ƒ†£”—†‡—Ž–‹’Ž‡ǡ‹–‡”˜ƒŽ‡ƒ‹•…—”–‡ǡ…ƒ†‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡ†‘‹ƒ‹Ǥ
‡‘ƒ”‡…‡—Ž–‡†‹–”‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‡…‡–”‡„—‹‡‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‡•—–†‡ƒ–—”£•‡œ‘‹‡”£ǡ˜ƒˆ‹
‹’‘”–ƒ–†‡‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–•‘†ƒŒ—Ž†‡”‡ˆ‡”‹ì£ç‹’‡…‡Ž‡†‡—”£”‹”‡Áƒ…‡Žƒç‹‘‡–
ƒŽ ƒ—Ž—‹ ȋ‡˜‹–Ÿ† ’‡”‹‘ƒ†‡Ž‡ †‡ ˜Ÿ”ˆ ƒŽ‡ ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹‹ ‡…‘‘‹…‡ǡ …— ƒ” ˆ‹ ’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒ
Á•£Ÿì£”‹Ž‘”•ƒ—ƒ”‡…‘Ž–‡‹ȌǤ

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”£–‘ƒ”‡ƒŽ‹•–£†‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡”‡’”‡œ‹–£—’—…–†‡’Ž‡…ƒ”‡’‡„ƒœƒ…£”—‹ƒ’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹
’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£ …—Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ †‡ †ƒ–‡ ’‡–”— ‘ ƒ—‹–£ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ 瑕‡Ž‡Ž‘”Ǥ  ƒ–‡Ž‡ †‡ ƒ‹
Œ‘•ǡ’‡ŽŸ‰£˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‡†ƒ–‡ǡ’‘–ˆ‹…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡—–‹Ž‹œŸ††‹ˆ‡”‹–‡…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ǥ

Variabile de trafic

Densitatea traficului
‡Š‹…—Ž‡ ’‡ œ‹ ȋ’‡ –‹’ †‡ ˜‡Š‹…—ŽȌǡ ˆ”‡…˜‡ìƒ •‡”˜‹…‹—Ž—‹ †‡ ƒ—–‘„—œ‡ǡ ˆ”‡…˜‡ìƒ
•‡”˜‹…‹—Ž—‹†‡–ƒš‹Ǥ

Capacitatea oselei
—£”—Ž†‡œ‹Ž‡†‡†”—Á…Š‹•Ǥ

Taxe i costuri
‘•–—”‹Ž‡‘’‡”ƒì‹—‹Ž‘”…—˜‡Š‹…—Ž‡ǡ–ƒš‡’‡–”—’ƒ•ƒ‰‡”‹ǡ’”‘…‡–ƒŒ—ŽÁ…£”…£–—”‹‹…—
ƒ”ˆ£ ƒ …ƒ‹‘ƒ‡Ž‘” ’‡ ‘ ƒ—‹–£ †‹•–ƒì£ǡ …‘•–—Ž –”ƒ•’‘”–—Ž—‹ †‡ ”‡•—”•‡ ƒ‰”‹…‘Ž‡
ȋ•‡‹ì‡ǡˆ‡”–‹Ž‹œƒ–‘”‹Ȍǡ…‘•–—Ž–”ƒ•’‘”–—Ž—‹’”‘†—•‡Ž‘”ƒ‰”‹…‘Ž‡Ǥ

Modele de transport
—£”—Ž†‡…£Ž£–‘”‹‹‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡Áƒˆƒ”ƒ•ƒ–—Ž—‹ȋ’‡•…‘’—”‹Ȍǡ–‹’—Ž‡…‡•ƒ”’‡–”—ƒ
ƒŒ—‰‡Žƒ†‡•–‹ƒì‹‹Ž‡•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ȋ…‡Žƒ‹ƒ’”‘’‹ƒ–‘”ƒçǡ’‹ƒì£ǡ煑ƒŽ£ǡ…‡–”—†‡•££–ƒ–‡ǡ
Ž‘…†‡—…£Ȍǡ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ—Ž‘††‡–”ƒ•’‘”– …£–”‡†‡•–‹ƒì‹‹Ž‡ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ǡ—£”—Ž†‡
’ƒ•ƒ‰‡”‹Á–”ƒ•’‘”–—Ž’—„Ž‹…Ǥ

Deinerea de vehicule
‡ì‹‡”‡ƒ †‡ ˜‡Š‹…—Ž‡ ‘–‘”‹œƒ–‡ ȋ’‡ –‹’Ȍ ç‹ „‹…‹…Ž‡–‡ǡ –‹’ †‡ —–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ ƒ ˜‡Š‹…—Ž‡Ž‘”
†‡ì‹—–‡Ǥ

Accidente
—£”—Žƒ……‹†‡–‡Ž‘”Á–”ƒˆ‹…ȋ”£‹”‹ç‹†‡…‡•‡ȌǤ

Variabile ale veniturilor i cheltuielilor

Impactul asupra activitilor agricole

‡”‡ †‡†‹…ƒ– †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‘” …—Ž–—”‹ǡ …ƒ–‹–£ì‹ †‡ …—Ž–—”‹ ’”‘†—•‡ǡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–—Ž …—Ž–—”‹Ž‘”
…Š‡‹‡ ’‡ —‹–ƒ–‡ †‡ –‡”‡ …—Ž–‹˜ƒ–ǡ …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ ”‡…‘Ž–£ ˜Ÿ†—–£ Žƒ ’‹ƒì£ǡ —–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ
ˆ‡”–‹Ž‹œƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”ǡ—–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ‡…Š‹’ƒ‡–—Ž—‹ƒ‰”‹…‘Žȋ–”ƒ…–‘ƒ”‡ǡƒç‹‹Ȍǡ’”‡ì—”‹’‡’‹ƒìƒ
Ž‘…ƒŽ£ ƒ …—Ž–—”‹Ž‘” …Š‡‹‡ǡ ’”‡ì—Ž ’‡ —‹–ƒ–‡ ƒŽ …‘–”‹„—ì‹‹Ž‘” ƒ‰”‹…‘Ž‡ǡ —£”—Ž †‡
’‡”•‘ƒ‡ȋ‡„”‹‹ƒ‹‰‘•’‘†£”‹‡‹ǡƒŽ–‡Ž‡Ȍ…‡Ž—…”‡ƒœ£Žƒˆ‡”£ǡ†‡ì‹‡”‡ƒ†‡ƒ‹ƒŽ‡Ǥ

Impactul asupra activitilor non – agricole
—£”—Ž†‡ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡†‹•ƒ–ǡ†‡ì‹‡”‡ƒ†‡Á–”‡’”‹†‡”‹ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒŽ‡‘Ǧƒ‰”‹…‘Ž‡ȋ’‡
–‹’Ȍǡ—£”—Ž†‡œ‹Ž‡Ž—…”ƒ–‡Áƒˆƒ”ƒˆ‡”‡‹ǡ‘†‡Ž—Ž†‡ƒ‰ƒŒƒ”‡ȋŽƒˆ‡”£ǡÁƒˆƒ”ƒ
ˆ‡”‡‹ȌǤ

Modelul de venit
‘’‘œ‹ì‹ƒ˜‡‹–—”‹Ž‘”Ǥ

Modelul de cheltuieli
‘†‡Ž—Ž…Š‡Ž–—‹‡Ž‹Ž‘”‰‘•’‘†£”‹‡‹Ǥ
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Piee
‹•–ƒìƒ ’Ÿ£ Žƒ ’‹ƒì£ǡ —£”—Ž †‡ ˜Ÿœ£–‘”‹Ȁƒ‰ƒœ‹‡ Á …‡ƒ ƒ‹ ƒ’”‘’‹ƒ–£ ’‹ƒì£ǡ
—£”—Ž †‡ ’”‘†—•‡ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡ Žƒ ’‹ƒì£ǡ —£”—Ž †‡ ˜‹œ‹–‡ Žƒ ’‹ƒì£ Á …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ †‡
…‘•—ƒ–‘” ç‹ ’”‘†—•‡Ž‡ …—’£”ƒ–‡ǡ —£”—Ž †‡ ˜‹œ‹–‡ Žƒ ’‹ƒì£ Á …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ †‡
’”‘†—…£–‘”ç‹’”‘†—•‡Ž‡˜Ÿ†—–‡Ǥ

Preuri
”‡ì—Ž’”‘†—•‡Ž‘”…Š‡‹‡…‘‡”…‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ǡ’”‡ì—Ž–‡”‡—Ž—‹ǡ’”‡ì—ŽŽ‘…—‹ì‡Ž‘”Ǥ

Altele
‡ì‹‡”‡ƒ †‡ –‡”‡ǡ ƒ……‡•—Ž Žƒ …”‡†‹–‡ǡ —£”—Ž †‡ ‡‹‰”ƒì‹ǡ —£”—Ž †‡ ‡‹‰”ƒì‹
…ƒ”‡ •‡ Á–‘”…ǡ —£”—Ž †‡ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ȁœ‹Ž‡ †‡ ƒ‰ƒŒƒ”‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ †‡
…‘•–”—…싃ȀÁ–”‡ì‹‡”‡ƒ†‡瑕‡Ž‡Ǥ

Variabile sociale

Educaie
—£”—Ž†‡煑Ž‹’”‹ƒ”‡†‹•ƒ–ǡ”ƒ–ƒ†‡Á•…”‹‡”‡ÁÁ˜£ì£Ÿ–—Ž’”‹ƒ”ȋ’‡•‡š‡Ȍǡ
”ƒ–ƒ †‡ Á•…”‹‡”‡ Á Á˜£ì£Ÿ–—Ž •‡…—†ƒ” ȋ’‡ •‡š‡Ȍǡ ”ƒ–ƒ †‡ ƒ„ƒ†‘ ƒ
Á˜£ì£Ÿ–—Ž—‹ ’”‹ƒ” ȋ’‡ •‡š‡Ȍǡ †‹•–ƒìƒ ’Ÿ£ Žƒ …‡ƒ ƒ‹ ƒ’”‘’‹ƒ–£ 煑ƒŽ£
’”‹ƒ”£Ȁ•‡…—†ƒ”£ǡ…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ煑Ž‹Ž‘”ǣ
x …ƒŽ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘”Ǣ
x ”ƒ–ƒƒ„•‡–‡‹•—Ž—‹’”‘ˆ‡•‘”‹Ž‘”Ǣ
x †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ”‡•—”•‡Ž‘”煑Žƒ”‡Ǥ

Sntate
‹•–ƒìƒ ’Ÿ£ Žƒ …‡Ž ƒ‹ ƒ’”‘’‹ƒ– …‡–”— †‡ •££–ƒ–‡Ȁ•’‹–ƒŽǡ —£”—Ž †‡ ˜‹œ‹–‡ Žƒ
ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ †‡ •££–ƒ–‡ ȋ’‡ ‰”—’‡ †‡ ˜Ÿ”•–£Ȁ•‡š‡Ȍǡ —£”—Ž †‡ ˜‹œ‹–‡ Žƒ …‡–”—Ž †‡
•££–ƒ–‡‹’‘•‹„‹Ž†‡‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–†‹…ƒ—œƒ•–£”‹‹†”——”‹Ž‘”ǡœ‹Ž‡†‡—…£’‹‡”†—–‡†‹
…ƒ—œƒ„‘Ž‹‹ǡ”ƒ–ƒ‘”„‹†‹–£ì‹‹ǡ”ƒ–ƒ‹—‹œ£”‹‹…‘’‹‹Ž‘”ǡˆ‡‡‹Á•£”…‹ƒ–‡…‡„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒœ£
†‡Á‰”‹Œ‹”‡’”‡ƒ–ƒŽ£ǡ…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒˆƒ…‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‘”†‡•££–ƒ–‡
x …ƒŽ‹ˆ‹…£”‹Ž‡’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž—‹‡†‹…ƒŽǢ
x —£”—Ž†‡œ‹Ž‡†‡’”‡œ‡ì£Ǣ
x †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‡†‹…ƒ‡–‡Ž‘”ç‹”‡•—”•‡Ž‘”‡†‹…ƒŽ‡Ǣ
x †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ’ƒ–—”‹Ž‘”†‡•’‹–ƒŽǤ

Interaciunea social
—£”—Ž†‡˜‹œ‹–‡Á…‡Žƒ‹ƒ’”‘’‹ƒ–‘”ƒçȀ•ƒ–ǡ—£”—Ž†‡˜‹œ‹–‡’”‹‹–‡†‹’ƒ”–‡ƒ
’”‹‡–‡‹Ž‘”•ƒ—”—†‡Ž‘”†‹ƒŽ–‡•ƒ–‡•ƒ—‘”ƒç‡ǡ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹…ƒ”‡„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒœ£†‡•—‡†‡
„ƒ‹ǡ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ”‡ƒŽƒ‡˜‡‹‡–‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡ȋ—ì‹ǡˆ‡•–‹˜ƒŽ—”‹ǡÁ‘”Ÿ–£”‹Ȍ…ƒ”‡—ƒ—
Ž‘…Á•ƒ–Ǥ

Participarea politic
”‡œ‡ìƒŽƒÁ–ŸŽ‹”‹’—„Ž‹…‡…ƒ”‡—ƒ—Ž‘…Á•ƒ–ǡ—£”—Ž†‡˜‹œ‹–‡Á•ƒ–‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡†‡
…£–”‡‘ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ‹‹‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ‹ǡ—–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ–”‹„—ƒŽ—Ž—‹Ȁ’‘Ž‹ì‹‡‹ǡ…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡‡„”—ƒŽ
…‘—‹–£ì‹‹ •ƒ— ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹Ž‘” ’‘Ž‹–‹…‡ǡ —£”—Ž †‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡ ‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡
ƒ……‡•ƒ–‡ǡ‹’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒ…‘—‹–£ì‹‹ÁÁ–”‡ì‹‡”‡ƒ瑕‡Ž‡‹Ǥ

‹•–ƒ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‘”’‘–‡ì‹ƒŽ‡’‡–”—‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡‡šǦ’‘•–…‘’Ž‡–£ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹†‡‹˜‡•–‹ì‹‹
Á …‘•–”—…싃 †‡ 瑕‡Ž‡ ‡•–‡ Ž—‰£ǡ ‹ƒ” ’”‘‹‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ”‡ƒ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”
”‡’”‡œ‹–£‘•ƒ”…‹£…‘’Ž‡š£Ǥ
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Metode de analiz a datelor
‡–”— ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ ”‡Žƒì‹ƒ …ƒ—œƒŽ£ Á–”‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ǡ ‘†‡Ž‡Ž‡ †‡ ”‡‰”‡•‹—‡ –”‡„—‹‡
‡•–‹ƒ–‡ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ …‘—‹–£ì‹Ž‡ •ƒ— †‹•–”‹…–‡Ž‡ȀŒ—†‡ì‡Ž‡Ǥ ‡ ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒ ‡•–‡
‡˜‘‹‡†‡——£”•—ˆ‹…‹‡–†‡‘„•‡”˜ƒì‹‹Žƒƒ…‡•–‹˜‡Žƒ–Ÿ–Á…ƒ†”—Žǡ…Ÿ–ç‹Áƒˆƒ”ƒ
’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹ǡƒ…‡Ž‡†ƒ–‡ǡ…‘—‹–£ì‹•ƒ—†‹•–”‹…–‡ȀŒ—†‡ì‡‡š‹•–Ÿ†•ƒ—’—–Ÿ†ˆ‹†‡”‹˜ƒ–‡
†‹ †ƒ–‡Ž‡ Žƒ ‹˜‡Ž †‡ ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‡Ǥ ‡Š‹…‹Ž‡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ •—– ‹…‘”’‘”ƒ–‡ ’‡–”— ƒ
•—’Ž‹‡–ƒ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ

Metoda diferenelor duble (Double-Differences Method) (utilizare Model 2)
‘’ƒ”ƒ”‡ƒ …‘—‹–£ì‹Ž‘”ǡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ— 瑕‡Ž‡ǡ ç‹ ƒ …‘—‹–£ì‹Ž‘”ǡ …ƒ”‡ — ƒ— 瑕‡Ž‡ǡ
‰‡‡”‡ƒœ£ ’”‹ƒ †‹–”‡ …‡Ž‡ †‘—£ †‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡ ‡…‡•ƒ”‡ ’‡–”— ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ ‡–‘†‡‹
†‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡Ž‘”†—„Ž‡Ǥ†‘—ƒ†‹ˆ‡”‡ì£˜ƒˆ‹…‡ƒ†‹–”‡•‹–—ƒì‹‹Ž‡’”‡Ǧç‹’‘•–Ǧ’”‘‹‡…–Ǥ

’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ‡–‘†‡‹ †‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡Ž‘” †—„Ž‡ ‡•–‡ †‡•…”‹•£ ƒ‹ Œ‘•ǡ ’‡ •…—”–Ǥ ƒ‹ Á–Ÿ‹ •‡
…ƒŽ…—Ž‡ƒœ£ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹Ž‡ ‡†‹‹ ’‡–”— –‘ì‹ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹ †‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒì‹ǡ 
’‡–”—…‘—‹–£ì‹Ž‡†‹‰”—’—Ž†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–狆‹‰”—’—Ž†‡…‘–”‘Žǡƒ–Ÿ–’‡–”—ƒ—Ž
†‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‹ì£ ç‹ ƒ—Ž †‡ —”£”‹”‡Ǥ  …‡•–‡ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹ •—– ‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡ Á —”£–‘ƒ”‡ƒ
ƒ–”‹…‡ǣ

 —瑕‡Ž‡ £”£瑕‡Ž‡
‡ˆ‡”‹ì£ Yroad1 Ynoroad1
 
”£”‹”‡ Yroad 2 Ynoroad1
 

‹ˆ‡”‡ìƒ †‡ ˜ƒŽ‘”‹ †‹ …‘Ž‘ƒƒ Dz— 瑕‡Ž‡dz ƒ ƒ–”‹…‡‹ ƒ”ƒ–£ ‡†‹ƒ •…Š‹„£”‹Ž‘” †‹
‰”—’—Ž†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–Ǥ‹ˆ‡”‡ìƒ†‹…‘Ž‘ƒƒDz £”£瑕‡Ž‡dz’”‡œ‹–£‡†‹ƒ•…Š‹„£”‹Ž‘”
†‹‰”—’—Ž†‡…‘–”‘ŽǤ‹ˆ‡”‡ìƒ†‹–”‡‡†‹ƒ•…Š‹„£”‹Ž‘”Á‰”—’—Ž†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–ç‹
…‡ƒ†‹‰”—’—Ž†‡…‘–”‘Ž”‡’”‡œ‹–£‘‡•–‹ƒ”‡ƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ

’ƒ…–’”‘‰”ƒα (Yroad 2  Yroad1 )  (Ynoroad 2  Ynoroad1 ) 

‡‘ƒ”‡…‡…‘—‹–£ì‹Ž‡…—ƒ—…‘†‹ì‹‹•‘…‹ƒŽ‡…‘’Ž‡–‡‰ƒŽ‡ǡ‹’ƒ…–—Ž’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Á
†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ …‘—‹–£ì‹ ’‘ƒ–‡ †‡’‹†‡ †‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ Ž—ƒ Á …‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡
ƒ…‡•–‡†‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡ǡ‘ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡”‡‰”‡•‹˜£’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹‹†‹…ƒ–£Ǥ

£…‘•‹†‡”£–αͳǡʹ—†‡ͳ•‡”‡ˆ‡”£Žƒ’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒ’”‡Ǧ瑕‡ƒç‹ʹ•‡”‡ˆ‡”£Žƒ’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒ
’‘•–Ǧ瑕‡ƒǤ–—…‹ǡ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ƒ‡†‹‡ƒ‘”‹…£”‡‹˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡†‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ƒ…‘—‹–£ì‹‹…Á
’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒʹ(post-osea)’‘ƒ–‡ˆ‹†‡•…”‹•£†—’£…——”‡ƒœ£ǣ

Yc 2 a  bRc  cX c 2  uc 2 ȋͳȌǡ
—†‡ǣ
 Ȃ variabila temporal ‹†‹…Ÿ† ’”‡œ‡ìƒ —‡‹ 瑕‡Ž‡Ǥ αͲ Áƒ‹–‡ †‡ …‘•–”—‹”‡ƒ
瑕‡Ž‡‹ç‹αͳ†—’£…‘•–”—‹”‡ƒƒ…‡•–‡‹ƒ
 Ȃ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ •‡”‹‹ †‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ Á…‘”’‘”Ÿ† …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹Ž‡ ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹Ž‘” ç‹ ƒŽ‡
…‘—‹–£ì‹‹ǡ
—Ǧ‡”‘ƒ”‡Ǥ‘–ˆ‹‡Ž‡‡–‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡†‡–‹’ȋ‡Ȍç‹‹˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡†‡–‹’ȋˆȌ, pentru t
= 1,2
 114


B’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒ†‡„ƒœ£ǡ‡…—ƒì‹ƒ‡•–‡ Yc1 a  cX c1  u1 ȋʹȌǡ
 —†‡αͲÁ’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒ†‡„ƒœ£’”‡Ȃ’”‘‹‡…–

—Ÿ††‹ˆ‡”‡ìƒ†‹–”‡ȋͳȌç‹ȋʹȌ

Yc 2  Yc1 bRc  c(X c 2  X c1)  ec 2  ec1 (3)

…‡ƒ•–£ ‡…—ƒì‹‡ ”‡‰”‡•‡ƒœ£ •…Š‹„ƒ”‡ƒ —‡‹ ƒ—‹–‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ †‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–

†‡–‡”‹ƒ–£ †‡ ’”‡œ‡ìƒ —‡‹ 瑕‡Ž‡ ç‹ •…Š‹„ƒ”‡ƒ ƒŽ–‘” ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ ‡š’Ž‹…ƒ–‘”‹‹Ǥ
•–‹ƒ”‡ƒ ‡…—ƒì‹‡‹ ȋ͵Ȍ ’”‹ ‡–‘†ƒ …‡Ž‘” ƒ‹ ‹…‹ ’£–”ƒ–‡ǡ ˜ƒ ƒ˜‡ƒ †”‡’– ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ– ‘
‡•–‹ƒ”‡‡†‡˜‹ƒ–£bƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹…‘•–”—‹”‹‹†‡瑕‡Ž‡ƒ•—’”ƒ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡‹
†‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–…ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘•–ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–£Ǥ

B…ƒœ—ŽÁ…ƒ”‡ƒ”‡š‹•–ƒ‘†‡˜‹ƒì‹‡†‡•‡Ž‡…싇†‹…ƒ—œƒ—‘”˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡‡‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‡ǡ
ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒ ˜ƒ †‹•’£”‡ƒ †ƒ–‘”‹–£ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ †‹ˆ‡”‡ì‹‡”‡ǡ …‡Ž ’—싐 †ƒ…£ ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž †‡
†‡˜‹ƒì‹‹—†‡’‹††‡–‹’Ǥ

‡’‡–ƒ”‡ƒ”‡‰”‡•‹‡‹’‡–”—ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡•‡–†‡˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡‡ì‹‘ƒ–Áƒ‹–‡ȋ–”ƒˆ‹…ǡ˜‡‹–ç‹
…Š‡Ž–—‹‡Ž‹ç‹•‘…‹ƒŽȌǡ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹˜‘”‘„싐‡†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡˜ƒŽ‘”‹ƒŽ‡„ȋ…‘‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì‹‹†‡”‡‰”‡•‹‡Ȍ
ç‹’‘–‡•–‹ƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž•‘…‹‘Ǧ‡…‘‘‹…ƒŽˆ‹‡…£”‡‹˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ƒ•—’”ƒ…‘—‹–£ì‹‹Ǥ
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Cazul 3. Mobilitatea geografic a muncii – Ministerul Proteciei Sociale

De ce acest exemplu?
…‡•–‡š‡’Ž—‘ˆ‡”£‘†‡•…”‹‡”‡†‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–£ƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”†‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ•—ƒ–‹˜£ç‹Ž‡
’—‡ Á Ž‡‰£–—”£ …— ‹’‘–‡œ‡Ž‡ †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ–‡Ǥ ‡•–ƒ”‡ƒ ‹’‘–‡œ‡Ž‘” ‡•–‡ …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…ƒ
ƒŒ‘”‹–£ì‹‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘”•—ƒ–‹˜‡…ƒ—œƒŽ‡Ǥ…‡•–‡š‡’Ž—ƒ”’—–‡ƒ‘ˆ‡”‹‘Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ
‘†—Ž—‹ Á …ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡Ž‡ †‡’‡†‡–‡ ç‹ ‹†‡’‡†‡–‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ƒŽ‡•‡ ’‡–”— ƒ
•’”‹Œ‹‹Ȁ”‡•’‹‰‡‹’‘–‡œ‡Ž‡Ǥ

‡Ž£ŽƒŽ– •…‘’ ƒŽ •‡Ž‡…–£”‹‹ ’”‡œ‡–—Ž—‹ ‡š‡’Ž— ‡•–‡ …‘’Ž‡š‹–ƒ–‡ƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡
‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡Ǥ •–‡ — ‡š‡’Ž— †‡ —–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ ƒ —‘” ‡–‘†‡ —Ž–‹’Ž‡ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡
†‡•…”‹•‡Á–ƒ’ƒƒͶǦƒǡÁ–‹’—Žƒ…‡Ž‡‹ƒç‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ǥ

Informaii generale
—’£ ƒ†‡”ƒ”‡ƒ ‡–‘‹‡‹ Žƒ ǡ ——Ž †‹–”‡ †”‡’–—”‹Ž‡ †‡ „ƒœ£ ƒŽ‡  Ȃ ‘„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
—…‹‹Ȃƒˆ—”‹œƒ–—Ž–‡‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹’‡–”—…‡–£ì‡‹‹‡–‘‹‡‹†‡ƒŽ‘…—‹ç‹ƒǦç‹…£—–ƒ
—Ž‘…†‡—…£ÁƒŽ–‡•–ƒ–‡‡„”‡ǤB…‹—†ƒ—‘””‡•–”‹…ì‹‹†‹’ƒ”–‡ƒ•–ƒ–‡Ž‘”
‡„”‡ ƒ‹ ˜‡…Š‹ǡ ‘†ƒ–£ …— ƒ†‡”ƒ”‡ƒ Žƒ ǡ –‡†‹ìƒ ‘„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹ ‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡  •Ǧƒ
•…Š‹„ƒ–”ƒ†‹…ƒŽǤ‡‡‹‰”ƒ†‹‡–‘‹ƒ’‡–”—ƒ‹—Ž–‡‘–‹˜‡ǣ—•ƒŽƒ”‹—ƒ‹„—ǡ
‡š’‡”‹‡ìƒ†‡Á˜£ìƒ”‡ƒŽ‹„‹‹•ƒ—’—”ç‹•‹’Ž—ǡ’‡–”—ƒ‰£•‹—Ž‘…†‡—…£Ǥ
‰”ƒ†ƒ–Ÿ–†‡ƒ”‡†‡‘„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡–‡”‹ƒ–…‘•‡…‹ì‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ•‘…‹ƒ–‡†‡œ˜‘Ž–£”‹‹
죔‹‹ǣ’‹‡”†‡”‡ƒˆ‘”쇋†‡—…£…ƒŽ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ǡ‹‹‰”ƒì‹ƒ—…‹–‘”‹Ž‘”‡…ƒŽ‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹†‹ƒŽ–‡
죔‹ǡ†‡•–”£ƒ”‡ƒ—Ž–‘”ˆƒ‹Ž‹‹ǡ•…£†‡”‡ƒ•—”•‡Ž‘”†‡˜‡‹–Žƒ„—‰‡–—Ž•–ƒ–—Ž—‹Ǥ

Bƒ…‡•–•…‘’ǡ‹‹•–‡”—Ž”‘–‡…싇‹‘…‹ƒŽ‡ƒ‹‹ì‹ƒ–‘…‡”…‡–ƒ”‡’‡–‡ƒ’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‘”
†‡ ‘„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ Á •…‘’—Ž †‡ ƒ ‘„싐‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ •—’Ž‹‡–ƒ”‡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ ƒŒ—–ƒ Žƒ
Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ‡š‹•–‡–‡ †‡ ‘…—’ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘”쇋 †‡ —…£Ǥ ‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ ˆ‘•–
ˆ‹ƒìƒ–£ †‹ ‘†—”‹Ž‡ –”—…–—”ƒŽ‡ ƒŽ‡  Á …ƒ†”—Ž ’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹ Dz‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ’‹‡ì‡‹
—…‹‹dzǤˆ‘•–‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£Á’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒ‹—Ž‹‡ʹͲͲͷȂ‹—‹‡ʹͲͲ͹Ǥ

Întrebri de evaluare
ƒ”‡ •—– ‘–‹˜‡Ž‡ ‘„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹ ‡š–‡”‡ ç‹ ‹–‡”‡ ƒ —…‹‹ Á ‡–‘‹ƒǫ — •‡ ’‘–
ƒŒ—•–ƒ…‡”‡”‡ƒç‹‘ˆ‡”–ƒ†‡’‡’‹ƒìƒ—…‹‹ǫ

B–”‡„£”‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ǣ
x ˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ˜‘Ž——Ž—‹ç‹ˆŽ—š—”‹Ž‘”‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹‡š–‡”‡ǡ‘–‹˜ƒì‹ƒç‹…ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹Ž‡
‹‰”ƒì‹Ž‘”ǡ†‘”‹ìƒŽ‘”†‡ƒŽ—…”ƒÁ•–”£‹£–ƒ–‡Ǣ
x ƒŽ‹œƒ‘–‹˜‡Ž‘”•ƒ—‘–‹˜ƒì‹‡‹’‡–”—…ƒ”‡—…‹–‘”‹‹‹‰”ƒì‹•‡Á–‘”…Ǣ
x B–‘…‹”‡ƒ—‡‹’”‘‰‘œ‡ƒ‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹Ž‡–‘‡Ǣ
x ˆ‡…–—ƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì£Ǧ…‘•–ƒ‘„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡ƒŽ—…”£–‘”‹Ž‘”Ǣ
x ‹•–‡ƒ–‹œƒ”‡ƒ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘” ’‡ –‡ƒ ‘„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹ǡ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹”‡ƒ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‘”
‘–‹˜‡†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”狆‡ƒ•‡‡‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ‡š‹•–‡ì‡‹——‹ˆŽ—š†‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹‘’–‹Á–”‡‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ǣ
x —‰‡”ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’‡–”— Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ Á ˜‹‹–‘” ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ’”‹˜‹†
‹‰”ƒì‹ƒǤ

B –‹’—Ž ‡ˆ‡…–—£”‹‹ …‡”…‡–£”‹‹ †‡ „‹”‘—ǡ ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ ‡šƒ‹ƒ– Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”ƒ
ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ç‹…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡…‡”…‡–£”‹Ž‘”ƒ–‡”‹‘ƒ”‡ç‹ƒ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‹‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹…ƒ”‡
‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡ƒœ£’”‘…‡•‡Ž‡†‡‘„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡Á죔‹ǡÁ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡç‹Á‡–‘‹ƒǡÁ•’‡…‹ƒŽǤŸ–‡˜ƒ
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ipoteze …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‡’‡–”—‘„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…£ƒ—ˆ‘•–†‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ–‡ç‹–‡•–ƒ–‡ƒ‹
–Ÿ”œ‹—ǡÁ–‹’—Ž…‡”…‡–£”‹‹ǣ
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ŽƒŽ‹„‡”–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡‹ç…ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘”쇋†‡—…£Ǥ…‡•–ˆ‡‘‡…‘’Ž‹…£’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ ’”‘‰‘œƒ”‡ ƒ –‡†‹ì‡Ž‘” ‹‰”ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡ ç‹ ’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ †‡
‹ˆŽ—‡ìƒ”‡ƒ…‘’‘”–ƒ‡–—Ž—‹’‡–”—ƒ’”‡˜‡‹…‘•‡…‹ì‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ǣ
x ‘„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‹ˆ‡”£Áˆ—…싇†‡•‡šç‹‡–‹‡ǡ†ƒ”ƒ‹•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‹•—–ˆƒ…–‘”‹
…ƒ˜Ÿ”•–ƒǡ‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹Ž‡†‡ƒ‰ƒŒƒ”‡…‘ˆ‘”’”‘ˆ‡•‹—‹Ž‘”…‡”—–‡Á†‹•–”‹…–‡Ž‡
Á˜‡…‹ƒ–‡Ǣ
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‹…‹ †‹ œ‘‡ Á†‡’£”–ƒ–‡ ˜‘” ˆ‹ ƒ‹ †‹•’—ç‹ •£ —…‡ƒ•…£ ’‡–”— •ƒŽƒ”‹‹
†‡…‡–‡Áœ‘ƒŽ‘”†‡…Ÿ–•£‡ƒ”‰£ÁƒŽ–£’ƒ”–‡Ǣ
x ‘„•–ƒ…‘Ž‡Áƒ‹–‡ƒ…”‡£”‹‹†‡‘‹Ž‘…—”‹†‡—…£•—–ǣ…‡”‡”‡ƒ•…£œ—–£’‡–”—
ƒ—‹–‡’”‘ˆ‡•‹‹†‹”‡‰‹—‹ǡŽ‹’•ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘””‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ…‡”‡”‡ƒ’‡’‹ƒìƒ
—…‹‹†‹”‡‰‹—‡Ǥ

Planul de evaluare
‡–”—ƒ”£•’—†‡Á–”‡„£”‹Ž‘”†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ç‹ƒ•’”‹Œ‹‹Ȁ”‡•’‹‰‡‹’‘–‡œ‡Ž‡ǡ•Ǧƒ†‡…‹•
—–‹Ž‹œƒ”‡ƒ†‡‡–‘†‡†‡…‡”…‡–ƒ”‡…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ
x ƒƒŽ‹œƒ…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘”ƒ–‡”‹‘ƒ”‡ç‹ƒƒŽ‹œƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”•‡…—†ƒ”‡Ǣ
x •‘†ƒŒÁ…ƒ†”—Ž’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹Ž‡–‘‡Ǣ
x ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–‡†‡‡š’‡”–‹œ£ȋ‹…Ž—•‹˜•‘†ƒŒ‡Á”Ÿ†—Žƒ‰ƒŒƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”ȌǢ
x •‘†ƒŒÁ…ƒ†”—Ž…‡–£ì‡‹Ž‘”Ž‡–‘‹…‡Ž—…”‡ƒœ£Á•–”£‹£–ƒ–‡Ǣ
x ƒƒŽ‹œ‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…‡ç‹‡…‘‘‡–”‹…‡Ǥ

‡–”—ƒ’”‘†—…‡†ƒ–‡†‡Á…”‡†‡”‡’‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡•Ǧƒ†‡…‹•‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ”‡ƒ——‹•‘†ƒŒ
”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‹˜’‡–”—’‘’—Žƒì‹‡ç‹‹–‡”˜‹—”‹…—†‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ‡‘ƒ”‡…‡•‡
ƒç–‡’–ƒ…ƒ£•—”ƒ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹•£ˆ‹‡ƒ”‡ǡŽƒˆ‡Ž…ƒç‹˜‘Ž——Ž†‡—…£†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–ç‹
†ƒ–‡†‡ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–ǡ•Ǧƒ†‡…‹•‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹’£”싆‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡—‘”’”‘ˆ‡•‹‘‹ç–‹Ǥ

Echipa de evaluare
˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒƒˆ‘•–‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£ç‹‰‡•–‹‘ƒ–£†‡‹‹•–‡”—Ž”‘–‡…싇‹‘…‹ƒŽ‡Ǥ—‹–‡’£”ì‹
ƒŽ‡…—Ž‡‰‡”‹‹ç‹ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹†‡†ƒ–‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡‹˜‡”•‹–£ì‹‹†‡–ƒ–†‹‡–‘‹ƒ
†ƒ–‘”‹–£–‡‡‹ç‹‡˜‘‹Ž‘”†‡‡š’‡”–‹œ£•’‡…‹ƒŽ£’‡–”—ƒƒŽ‹œƒ†‡†ƒ–‡Ǥ

Metode de colectare a datelor

…Š‹’ƒ†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒƒŽ‡•‘…‘„‹ƒì‹‡†‡‡–‘†‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡
ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”Ǥ‡–‘†‡Ž‡…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ƒ—ˆ—”‹œƒ–‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹•–ƒ–‹•–‹…‡
”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ç‹ †‡ Á…”‡†‡”‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹Ž‘” ˆ‘”쇋 †‡ —…£ ç‹ ‘–‹˜‡Ž‘”
’‡–”— ‹‰”ƒì‹ƒ ‡š–‡”£ ç‹ ‹–‡”£Ǥ ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ †‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ—
”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ …—’”‹œ£–‘ƒ”‡ Á •‹–—ƒì‹ƒ 瑏ƒŒ—Ž—‹ †‹ ”‡‰‹—‹ǡ ‘–‹˜‡Ž‡ ’‡–”—
•…Š‹„£”‹ Á ‹‰”ƒì‹‡ǡ ƒ•’‡…–‡ ƒŽ‡ ‹–‡”ƒ…ì‹—‹‹ †‹–”‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹ì‹ ƒ…–‘”‹ Á †‘‡‹—Ž
‘…—’£”‹‹ˆ‘”쇋†‡—…£ç‹‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹Ǥ
˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹ ƒ— …‘Ž‡…–ƒ– ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ’”‹ƒ”‡ ’”‹–”Ǧ‘ ‰ƒ£ Žƒ”‰£ †‡ ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹
ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–‡…—‡š’‡”ì‹ǡ•‘†ƒŒ‡Á”Ÿ†—Žƒ‰ƒŒƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”狃Ž’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹Ǥ

Interviuri cu experi
‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ ƒ— ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ– ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ …— ͸ ‰”—’—”‹ †‡ ‡š’‡”ì‹ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ǥ ”‹—Ž ‰”—’ †‡
‡š’‡”싃ˆ‘•–ˆ‘”ƒ–†‹instituii ale administraiei publiceǣ‹‹•–‡”—Žˆƒ…‡”‹Ž‘”
š–‡”‡ǡ‹‹•–‡”—Ž…‘‘‹‡‹ǡ‹‹•–‡”—Ž’‡–”—‹•‹—‹’‡…‹ƒŽ‡’‡–”—–‡‰”ƒ”‡ƒ
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Á‘…‹‡–ƒ–‡ç‹‡”˜‹…‹—Ž†‡ƒœ£ƒ ”‘–‹‡”‡‹Ǥ•–‹–—ì‹‹•‹‹Žƒ”‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‡Á
‹–—ƒ‹ƒǡ•–‘‹ƒǡ‘Ž‘‹ƒç‹”Žƒ†ƒǡ—‡†‹ƒç‹
‡”ƒ‹ƒǤ

š’‡”ì‹‹ †‹ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‡ ’—„Ž‹…‡ ƒ— ˆ—”‹œƒ– ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡ Žƒ ‘’ì‹—‹Ž‡ ç‹
’”‘…‡†—”‹Ž‡ †‡ Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ”‡ Á …ƒœ †‡ ‡‹‰”ƒ”‡ ç‹ ‹‹‰”ƒ”‡ǡ ‹‹‰”ƒì‹ƒ ‹Ž‡‰ƒŽ£ ç‹
’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡ †‹ˆ‹…—Ž–£ì‹ Á–ŸŽ‹–‡ Á ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‹‰”ƒ”‡Ǥ B ˆ‹ƒŽǡ …‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ ƒ— ˆ‘•–
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‰—˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‡†‡…‘–”‘Ž—Ž‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹Ǥ

Ž†‘‹Ž‡ƒ‰”—’†‡‡š’‡”싃ˆ‘•–ˆ‘”ƒ–†‹”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒì‹ƒ‹ase Agenii de Ocupare
a Forei de Munc RegionaleǤ B –‹’—Ž ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘”ǡ …‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ ƒ— …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡•’”‡•‹–—ƒì‹ƒ瑏ƒŒ—Ž—‹Á”‡‰‹—‹ç‹‡–‘†‡Ž‡†‡‘„싐‡”‡ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘”
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ˆ‹”‡’”‹˜ƒ–‡†‡”‡…”—–ƒ”‡ȋ‹…Ž—•‹˜•–”£‹‡ȌǤ

‡Ž†‡ǦƒŽ–”‡‹Ž‡ƒ‰”—’†‡‡š’‡”싃ˆ‘•–ˆ‘”ƒ–†‹sindicatele comerciale sectoriale
i asociaiile profesionale Á ƒ”‹‹Ž‡ ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡ Á  ‘† •‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜ †‡ ˆ‡‘‡—Ž
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ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ƒ•’‡…–‡†‡‰‡—Ž瑏ƒŒ—Ž—‹Á”Ÿ†—Ž•–”£‹‹Ž‘”ç‹…‘…—”‡ìƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒˆƒì£
†‡ˆ‘”샆‡—…£Ž‘…ƒŽ£ǡ…ƒç‹…‘‘’‡”ƒ”‡ƒ…—‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹•‹‹Žƒ”‡†‹•–”£‹£–ƒ–‡Ǥ


”—’—Ž ƒŽ ’ƒ–”—Ž‡ƒ ƒ ƒ˜—– Á …‘’‘‡ì£ ‡š’‡”ì‹ †‹ ageniile de dezvoltare
regionalǤ…‡•–‘”ƒŽ‹•Ǧƒ—ƒ†”‡•ƒ–Á–”‡„£”‹”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ‹‰”ƒì‹ƒÁ–”‡”‡‰‹—‹†‹
‡–‘‹ƒ ç‹ •–”£‹£–ƒ–‡Ǥ ‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ Á ’”‹‹”‡ƒ †‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹
”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡ Žƒ –”ƒ•’‘”– ç‹ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”ƒ  †‹ ”‡‰‹—‡ǡ Á–”‡’”‹†‡”‹Ž‡ •–”£‹‡ǡ
‹’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒ Ž—…”£–‘”‹Ž‘” •–”£‹‹ Á ”‡‰‹—‹ǡ ”‡…ƒŽ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒǡ ‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡
ƒ‰ƒŒƒ”‡Ǥ ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ ƒ‹ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•– …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ ’Žƒ—”‹Ž‘” †‡ †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡
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‡š’”‹ƒ– ‘’‹‹‹Ž‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡ Žƒ ‡ƒŒ—•—”‹Ž‡ Á”‡‰‹•–”£”‹Ž‘” †‡ ‹‰”ƒì‹‡ ƒ ˆ‘”쇋 †‡
—…£ç‹ƒ—ˆ£…—–•—‰‡•–‹‹’‘•‹„‹Ž‡’‡–”—Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ•‹–—ƒì‹‡‹Ǥ

Liderii de district municipal din zonele de grani ƒ— ˆ‘”ƒ– …‡Ž †‡ǦƒŽ …‹…‹Ž‡ƒ
‰”—’Ǥ š’‡”ì‹‹ ƒ— ‘ˆ‡”‹– ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹ †‡•’”‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ †‡ ƒ‰ƒŒƒ”‡ ’‡ –‡”‹–‘”‹—Ž
—‹…‹’ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹ç‹•…Š‹„—Ž†‡ˆ‘”죆‡—…£Á–”‡‡–‘‹ƒç‹죔‹Ž‡˜‡…‹‡ȋ‹–—ƒ‹ƒǡ
•–‘‹ƒȌǡ狆‡ƒ•‡‡‡ƒ†‡•’”‡˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹†‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ”‡Ǥ

‹ƒŽ烕‡Ž‡ƒ‰”—’†‡‡š’‡”싃—ˆ£…—–’ƒ”–‡”‡…–‘”‹‹universitii regionaleǤ…‡ç–‹ƒ
ƒ—†‡•…”‹•Ž‘…—Ž‘…—’ƒ–†‡—‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡Žƒ…ƒ”‡’”‘˜‡‡ƒ—Á…‘–‡š–—Ž‰‡‡”ƒŽƒŽ
”‡‰‹—‹Ž‘”ǡƒ”‹‹Ž‡Á…ƒ”‡ƒ„•‘Ž˜‡ì‹‹Áç‹’‘–‰£•‹—ç‘”—Ž‘…†‡—…£ç‹…‘‘’‡”ƒ”‡ƒ…—
ƒ‰ƒŒƒ–‘”‹‹Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒ†‡’”ƒ…–‹…£ƒ•–—†‡ì‹Ž‘”Ǥ

Sondaj în rândul angajatorilor 
‘†ƒŒ‡Ž‡Á”Ÿ†—Žƒ‰ƒŒƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”ƒ—…‘•–ƒ–Áʹͳ†‡‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ƒ’”‘ˆ—†ƒ–‡Ǥ…‡ç–‹ƒ
ƒ— ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ– ”‡‰‹—‹Ž‡ ƒŒ‘”‡Ǥ B ƒ…‡Žƒç‹ –‹’ǡ ƒ ˆ‘•– ‹’‘”–ƒ–£ ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ”‡ƒ —‡‹
’£”ì‹…‘•‹†‡”ƒ„‹Ž‡†‹–”‡ƒ‰ƒŒƒ–‘”‹…ƒ”‡•£”‡’”‡œ‹–‡”‡‰‹—‹Ž‡†‡‰”ƒ‹ì£ç‹†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡
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‡š’‡”ì‹‹ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒì‹  ’”‘˜‡‡ƒ— †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ƒ…‡Ž‘” ‹†—•–”‹‹ȌǤ ‰ƒŒƒ–‘”‹‹ ƒ— †‡•…”‹•
•–”—…–—”ƒǡ ˆ—…싃ǡ ’”‘’”‹‡–ƒ”‹‹ǡ ƒ‰ƒŒƒì‹‹ ’”‘’”‹‹Ž‘” ˆ‹”‡ ç‹ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‹–‡”ƒ…ì‹—‡
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…— 죔‹Ž‡ •–”£‹‡Ǥ B–”‡„£”‹ ƒ‹ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ƒ†”‡•ƒ–‡ …— ”‡ˆ‡”‹”‡ Žƒ ˆŽ—š—Ž †‡
’‡”•‘ƒŽǤ

Sondaj în rândul populaiei
‘†ƒŒ—Ž Á ”Ÿ†—Ž ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ ƒ ˆ‘•– ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ– —–‹Ž‹œŸ† ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ ˆƒì£ Á ˆƒì£ …—
”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒì‹‹ ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹Ž‘”Ǥ ‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ ƒ— —–‹Ž‹œƒ– — …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”ǡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ …‘ì‹—–
Á–”‡„£”‹•–”—…–—”ƒ–‡ÁͳͲ…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹ǣ
x ‘…—’ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘”쇋†‡—…£Á‡–‘‹ƒǢ   
x Á–”‡„£”‹’‡–”—ƒ‰ƒŒƒì‹Ǣ
x †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒŽ—…”ƒÁƒŽ–£’ƒ”–‡Ǣ
x Á–”‡„£”‹”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ…—”•—”‹Ž‡†‡ˆ‘”ƒ”‡Ǣ
x ‹‰”ƒì‹ƒÁ—Ž–‹‹‹ͳͲƒ‹Ǣ
x ‹–‡ì‹‹Ž‡†‡‹‰”ƒì‹‡Á—”£–‘”‹‹–”‡‹ƒ‹Á‡–‘‹ƒǢ
x ‹–‡ì‹‹Ž‡†‡‡‹‰”ƒ”‡ÁƒŽ–£샔£Ǣ
x Á–”‡„£”‹’‡–”—…‡‹…‡Á—Ž–‹‹‹ͳͷƒ‹•Ǧƒ——–ƒ–Á‡–‘‹ƒ’‡–”—ƒŽ‘…—‹ç‹ƒ
Ž—…”ƒǢ
x ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹‘…‹‘Ǧ†‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡Ǣ
x ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹†‡•’”‡”—†‡Ž‡ç‹…—‘ç–‹ì‡Ž‡…ƒ”‡ƒ—‹‰”ƒ–Ǥ

Selectarea unui eantion pentru sondajul în rândul populaiei

‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ•—’—•£•–—†‹—Ž—‹ƒˆ‘•–…‡ƒŽ‡–‘£…—˜Ÿ”•–‡…—’”‹•‡Á–”‡ͳͷç‹͸ͷ†‡ƒ‹ǡ
ƒ†‹…£ͳǤ͸ʹͻǤͳͻ͹’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ǥ

£”‹‡ƒ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ ƒ ˆ‘•– †‡ ͺǤͲͲͲ ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹ ȋͺͲͲ ’—…–‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ …— ͳͲ
”‡•’‘†‡ì‹ ’‡–”— ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ȌǤ £”‹‡ƒ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ ƒ ˆ‘•– —Ž– ƒ‹ ƒ”‡ †‡…Ÿ– •Ǧƒ
•‘Ž‹…‹–ƒ–’‡–”——•‘†ƒŒ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‹˜Ǥ‘–—ç‹ǡƒ…‡•–—£”ƒ’‡”‹•’”‘†—…‡”‡ƒ†‡
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烐–‹‘—Žƒˆ‘•–†‹˜‹œƒ–†—’£…——”‡ƒœ£ǣ
x ͳǤͲͲͲ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹†‹‹‰ƒǢ
x ͹ǤͲͲͲ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹†‹”‡‰‹—‹Ǥ

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’‘–‡ì‹ƒŽ‹ǤB–‹’—Ž’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”‡•–‡‹’‘”–ƒ–†‡”‡ì‹—–…£
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…ƒ”‡Á†‡’Ž‹‡ƒ—…‘†‹ì‹‹Ž‡‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹Ǥ‹ͳͳǤͷ͸͹‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹˜‹œ‹–ƒ–‡ǡ ʹǤͲ͸͹— ƒ—
…‘”‡•’—•…‘†‹ì‹‹Ž‘”†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ç‹ͳǤͷͲͲ†‡’‘–‡ì‹ƒŽ‹”‡•’‘†‡ì‹ƒ—”‡ˆ—œƒ–•£
’ƒ”–‹…‹’‡Žƒ•‘†ƒŒǤ

͹ǤͲͲͲ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹ȋ͹ͲͲ’—…–‡‡çƒ–‹‘Ȍƒ—ˆ‘•–†‹•–”‹„—‹ì‹’”‘’‘”ì‹‘ƒŽ’‡–‡”‹–‘”‹—Ž
ƒ ʹ͸ †‹•–”‹…–‡ †‹ ‡–‘‹ƒ ç‹ ͸ …‡Ž‡ ƒ‹ ƒ”‹ ‘”ƒç‡ ȋ…— ‡š…‡’싃 ‹‰£‹ȌǤ —…–‡Ž‡ †‹
‘”ƒç‡Ž‡ƒ”‹ƒ—ˆ‘•–Á’£”ì‹–‡Á†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡’£”ì‹ǡ…‘ˆ‘”£”‹‹‹’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹Ǥ

‡„ƒœƒ‘’‹‹‹Ž‘”‡š’‡”ì‹Ž‘”ǡƒ”‹‹Ž‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–Á’£”ì‹–‡Á’ƒ–”—…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹ǣ—”„ƒ£ǡ…‡–”‡
”—”ƒŽ‡•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ‘†‡”ƒ–•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹‡•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ’‘‹ǡÁ…ƒ†”—Žˆ‹‡…£”—‹
†‹•–”‹…–ǡ …‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ ƒ— …ƒŽ…—Žƒ– ’”‘…‡–‡Ž‡ †‡ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡ †‹ –‘ƒ–‡ …ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹Ž‡ǡ ç‹ ƒ—
†‹•–”‹„—‹–—£”—Ž†‡—‹–£ì‹†‡‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡Á…‘ˆ‘”‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ‘’—–‡”—Ž‹”‘—Ž—‹†‡
˜‹†‡ì£ƒ‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹†‹‡–‘‹ƒƒ•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–ƒ†”‡•ƒ†‡•–ƒ”–Ǥ

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Sondaj în rândul cetenilor Letoniei ce lucreaz în strintate

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ç‹•–‹—Žƒ…‡–£ì‡‹‹…—•‡”˜‹…‹—ŽÁ•–”£‹£–ƒ–‡’‡–”—ƒ•‡Á–‘ƒ”…‡Á‡–‘‹ƒǤ’ƒ”–‡
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ƒŽì‹‹ Ȃ Á –‹’—Ž ˜‹œ‹–‡Ž‘” •…—”–‡ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡ Á ‡–‘‹ƒǤ B –‘–ƒŽǡ ͵ʹͺ ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ ƒ— ˆ‘•–
…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡Ǥ ‡–”— ƒ ‘„싐‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž ƒ…‡•–—‹ ‰”—’ 싐–£ †‡ ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡ǡ •Ǧƒ ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–
‡–‘†ƒ„—Ž‰£”‡Ž—‹†‡œ£’ƒ†£Ǥ

Metode de analiz a datelor
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‡–‘†‡†‡ƒƒŽ‹œ£ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”…ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ
ƒŽ‹œ‡ ‡…‘‘‡–”‹…‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡ ƒŽ‡ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” ƒ— ˆ‘•– ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡ ’‡–”— ƒ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹
‹’ƒ…–—Ž ˜Ÿ”•–‡‹ǡ •‡š—Ž—‹ǡ ‡†—…ƒì‹‡‹ǡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ì‡‹ †‡ Ž—…”—ǡ •ƒŽƒ”‹—Ž—‹ǡ Ž‘…—Ž—‹ †‡
”‡œ‹†‡ì£ǡƒì‹‘ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹ç‹‘…—’ƒì‹‡‹…—”‡–‡ƒ•—’”ƒ‘„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡ƒ—…‹‹Ǥ

‡Š‹…‹Ž‡ †‡ ƒƒŽ‹œ£ ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ —–‹Ž‹œŸ† ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ ‹†‡’‡†‡–‡ ȋ‘–‹˜‡
’‡–”—‘„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡Ȍ狆‡’‡†‡–‡ȋ†‡‡š‡’Ž—ǡ—£”—Ž’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‘”…ƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹‰”ƒ–
•ƒ— ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ …ƒ ’‡”•‘ƒƒ ”‡•’‡…–‹˜£ •£ ‡‹‰”‡œ‡Ȍ ƒ— ˆ‘•– —–‹Ž‹œƒ–‡ǣ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ
ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”ç‹”‡‰”‡•‹ƒƒ—ˆ‘•–—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‡’‡–”—ƒ•–ƒ„‹Ž‹’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡…ƒ—œ‡ç‹–”‡†—”‹ƒŽ‡
‘„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡ǤƒŽ‹œƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”ƒˆ‘•–‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£’”‹ˆ‘Ž‘•‹”‡ƒ•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ȃ
—Ž—‹ç‹ƒ•š…‡ŽǤ

Statistici descriptive ƒ—ˆ‘•–—–‹Ž‹œƒ–‡’‡–”—ƒ†‡•…”‹‡’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡…ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹ƒŽ‡

’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹싐–£Ǥ”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡•—–‡š‡’Ž‡†‡†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡•‡–—”‹†‡†ƒ–‡ǣ
x †‡ˆƒŽ…ƒ”‡ƒ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹ƒ…–‹˜‡’‡‰”—’‡†‡•‡šç‹˜Ÿ”•–£Ǣ
x †‡ˆƒŽ…ƒ”‡ƒ ”—†‡Ž‘” …‡ Ž—…”‡ƒœ£ Á •–”£‹£–ƒ–‡ ƒŽ‡ ”‡•’‘†‡ì‹Ž‘” ’‡ ‰”—’‡ †‡
˜Ÿ”•–£ǡ•‡šç‹샔£†‡”‡œ‹†‡ì£Ǣ
x …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹ ƒŽ‡ Ž‘…—Ž—‹ †‡ —…£ ƒŽ‡ ”—†‡Ž‘” †‹ •–”£‹£–ƒ–‡ ȋ—£”—Ž ç‹
†—”ƒ–ƒ燆‡”‹‹ȌǢ
x †‡ˆƒŽ…ƒ”‡ƒ’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹’‡죔‹ƒŽ‡”—†‡Ž‘”…ƒ”‡ƒ—Ž—…”ƒ–Á•–”£‹£–ƒ–‡’Ÿ£Žƒʹ
ƒ‹Ǣ
x ˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡’Žƒ—”‹ƒŽ‡”—†‡Ž‘””‡•’‘†‡ì‹Ž‘”Áˆ—…싇†‡†—”ƒ–ƒ—…‹‹•ƒ—ƒ
•–—†‹‹Ž‘”Á•–”£‹£–ƒ–‡Ǣ
x †—”ƒ–ƒ —…‹‹ •ƒ— ƒ •–—†‹‹Ž‘” Á •–”£‹£–ƒ–‡ Á ˆ—…싇 †‡ †—”ƒ–ƒ ƒ‰ƒŒ£”‹‹ Á
‡–‘‹ƒÁƒ‹–‡ƒ’Ž‡…£”‹‹Ǣ
x †‡ˆƒŽ…ƒ”‡ƒ”—†‡Ž‘”…‡–”‹‹–„ƒ‹Á‡–‘‹ƒ’‡죔‹†‡”‡œ‹†‡ì£‡–…Ǥ

”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ •—– ‡š‡’Ž‡ †‡statistici infereniale —–‹Ž‹œƒ–‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ‰£•‹ …ƒ—œ‡ ç‹
†‡’‡†‡ì‡ƒŽ‡ˆ‡‘‡—Ž—‹‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹ç‹†‡ƒˆ‘”—Žƒ‘’‹‹‹ǣ
x …ƒ—œ‡Ž‡’‡–”—…ƒ”‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡Áç‹•…Š‹„£Ž‘…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒç‹‘…—’ƒì‹ƒǢ
x …‘”‡Žƒ”‡ƒÁ–”‡˜Ÿ”•–£ǡ‘…—’ƒì‹‡ǡ‹˜‡Ž‡†—…ƒì‹‘ƒŽç‹•–ƒ–—–…‹˜‹ŽǢ
x …‘”‡Žƒ”‡ƒÁ–”‡†—”ƒ–ƒ燆‡”‹‹Á•–”£‹£–ƒ–‡ç‹†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒ•‡Á–‘ƒ”…‡
Á‡–‘‹ƒǢ
x ‘–‹˜‡’‡–”—…ƒ”‡’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡”£Ÿç‹Ž—…”‡ƒœ£Á•–”£‹£–ƒ–‡Ǣ
x ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ …ƒ ’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡ •£ ‡‹‰”‡œ‡ †‹ …ƒ—œƒ ƒ—‹–‘” ‘–‹˜‡ ç‹
•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹ƒ‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡‹ƒ…‡Ž‘”‘–‹˜‡Ǣ
x ‘„‹…‡‹—”‹Ž‡†‡…Š‡Ž–—‹”‡ƒ„ƒ‹Ž‘”ƒŽ‡’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹싐–£Áˆ—…싇†‡˜Ÿ”•–£ȋÁΨȌ
‡–…Ǥ

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Implementarea constatrilor evalurii
ƒ †‹–”‡ •ƒ”…‹‹Ž‡ ‡…Š‹’‡‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘•– ’”‘’—‡”‡ƒ †‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡
’‡–”— Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ ‘…—’£”‹‹ ˆ‘”쇋 †‡ —…£ ç‹ ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘” †‡ —…£Ǥ ‡ „ƒœƒ
…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘” ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ …‡”…‡–£–‘”‹‹ ƒ— ’”‘’—• …Ÿ–‡˜ƒ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹‹•–‡”—Ž—‹
”‘–‡…싇‹ ‘…‹ƒŽ‡Ǥ ‹‹•–‡”—Ž ƒ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ– —”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’‡–”— …ƒ”‡ •Ǧƒ—
‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–ƒƒŽ‹œ‡…‘•–Ǧ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì£†‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–‡ǣ
ͳǤ …£†‡”‡ƒ ‡‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹Ǥ …‡ƒ•–£ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜£ ƒ ’”‹˜‹–ǡ Á ’”‹…‹’ƒŽǡ ’”‘‘˜ƒ”‡ƒ
’‹‡ì‡‹ —…‹‹ǡ †‡•…”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ ’ƒ…Š‡–—Ž—‹ •ƒŽƒ”‹ƒŽǡ ”‡…ƒŽ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ Ž—…”£–‘”‹Ž‘”
…‘ˆ‘”…‡”‹ì‡Ž‘”’‹‡ì‡‹—…‹‹Ǣ
ʹǤ ‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ƒ ”‡‰‹—‹Ž‘”Ǥ …‡ƒ•–£ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜£ ƒ •—‰‡”ƒ– •…£†‡”‡ƒ ‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹
‹–‡”‡ǡ†‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ƒ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‹‹Á”‡‰‹—‹Ǣ
͵Ǥ ”‘‘˜ƒ”‡ƒ ‹‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹ Á ƒ—‹–‡ œ‘‡Ǥ …‡ƒ•–£ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜£ ƒ •—‰‡”ƒ–
’”‘‘˜ƒ”‡ƒ‹‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹Áƒ”‹‹Á…ƒ”‡‡š‹•–ƒ—†‡ˆ‹…‹–†‡Ž—…”£–‘”‹Ǣ
ͶǤ ”‘‘˜ƒ”‡ƒ ‹‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹Ǥ …‡ƒ•–£ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜£ ƒ •—‰‡”ƒ– ‘ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ Ž‹„‡”ƒŽ£ ƒ
‘…—’£”‹‹ ˆ‘”쇋 †‡ —…£ Ȃ ˆ£”£ Ž‹‹–£”‹ ’‡–”— ’‹ƒìƒ —…‹‹ǡ ‘’–‹‹œƒ”‡ƒ
”‡‰‹—Ž—‹˜‹œ‡Ž‘”ǡŽ—…”£–‘”‹‹—–”‡„—‹‡‡ƒ’£”ƒ–•£ƒ‹„£’‡”‹•‡†‡—…£ǡ‹ƒ”
‡„”‹‹ˆƒ‹Ž‹‹Ž‘”Ž‘”ƒ—ƒ……‡•Žƒƒ•‹‰—”£”‹•‘…‹ƒŽ‡Ǥ

‹‡…ƒ”‡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜£ †‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…£ ƒ ˆ‘•– ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–£ …‘ˆ‘” —‡‹ ‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹‹ …ƒ”‡ ƒ
ˆ—”‹œƒ–…”‹–‡”‹‹’‡–”—ƒƒŽ‹œ£ç‹ˆ‘”—Žƒ”‡ƒ—‡‹‘’‹‹‹Ǥ‘ˆ‘”ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹…‘•–Ǧ
‡ˆ‹…‹‡ì£ǡ’”‘…‡•—Ž‹‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹ƒ”‡—‹’ƒ…–‡‰ƒ–‹˜ƒ•—’”ƒ‡…‘‘‹‡‹죔‹‹Ǥ—Ÿ†Á
…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹…ƒ”‡ƒ•—‰‡”ƒ–•…£†‡”‡ƒ‡‹‰”ƒì‹‡‹ǡˆƒ…–‘”‹‹†‡†‡…‹œ‹‡
ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ǤŸ–‡˜ƒ‘†‹ˆ‹…£”‹ƒ—ˆ‘•–’”‘’—•‡’‡–”—Ž‡‰‹•Žƒì‹ƒÁ˜‹‰‘ƒ”‡Ǥ‘–—ç‹ǡ
†‹ …ƒ—œƒ …”‹œ‡‹ ‡…‘‘‹…‡ ç‹ •…Š‹„£”‹‹ ‰—˜‡”—Ž—‹ Á ƒ‹‹ —”£–‘”‹ǡ ”‹–—Ž
”‡ˆ‘”‡Ž‘”Áƒ…‡ƒ•–£ƒ”‹‡ƒÁ…‡–‹‹–†‹…ƒ—œƒŽ‹’•‡‹”‡•—”•‡Ž‘”ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡Ǥ
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Cazul 4. Reforma mineritului în România
(Adaptat dup Srcia i Analiza Impactului Social al Reformelor, Banca Mondial, 2006)

De ce acest exemplu?
š‡’Ž—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ •—ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ ”‡ˆ‘”‡‹ ‹‡”‹–—Ž—‹ †‹ ‘Ÿ‹ƒ ‡•–‡ — ‘† †‡ ƒ
†‡‘•–”ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒìƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ Á –‹’—Ž ‹’Ž‡‡–£”‹‹
”‡ˆ‘”‡Ž‘” ’‘Ž‹–‹…‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡Ǥ ‘†ƒŒ‡Ž‡ †‡ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ ƒ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ
ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‡ †‡ …£–”‡ ‰‡ì‹ƒ ƒì‹‘ƒŽ£ ’‡–”—  ‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ ’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ †‡
”‘‰”ƒ‡ ’‡–”— ‡…‘•–”—…싃 ‘‡Ž‘” ‹‹‡”‡ ȋȌ ƒ— ˆ—”‹œƒ– †ƒ–‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡
…—’”‹œ£–‘ƒ”‡ ’‡–”— †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ ƒ‹ —Ž–‡ •–—†‹‹ †‡ ‹’ƒ…– •‘…‹ƒŽ ç‹ †‡
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡–”ƒ–‡‰‹ƒ’‡–”—‡…–‘”—Ž‹‹‡”†‹‘Ÿ‹ƒǤ

Informaii generale
B ˆ‘•–‡Ž‡ 죔‹ …‘—‹•–‡ǡ ‹‡”‹‹ ‡”ƒ— …‘•‹†‡”ƒì‹ ‡Ž‹–ƒ ’”‘Ž‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–—Ž—‹ǡ Ž—…”Ÿ† Á
…‘†‹ì‹‹’‡”‹…—Ž‘ƒ•‡ǡƒ˜Ÿ†•ƒ”…‹‹†‡‹’‘”–ƒì£ƒì‹‘ƒŽ£ǤƒÁ…‡’—–—Žƒ‹Ž‘”ͳͻͻͲǡ
‘Ÿ‹ƒƒ˜‡ƒÁŒ—”†‡Ͷ͸Ͷ‹‡†‡…£”„—‹ç‹ƒŽ–‡‹‡”‡—”‹ç‹ƒ’”‘š‹ƒ–‹˜͵ͷͲǤͲͲͲ
ƒ‰ƒŒƒì‹ †‹”‡…ì‹ǡ …‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ— ‹†‹”‡…– ƒŽ–‡ ͹ͲͲǤͲͲͲ Ž‘…—”‹ †‡ —…£Ǥ ”ƒ— ”‡Žƒ–‹˜ „‹‡
’Ž£–‹ì‹ǡ „‹‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹ǡ ƒ˜Ÿ† — •‹†‹…ƒ– ‹ˆŽ—‡– ’‡ ’Žƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…Ǥ —’£ ͳͻͻͲ ƒ—
†‡˜‡‹– †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ‹ ‹‡ˆ–‹‡ǡ ‡š–”ƒ…싃 †‡ ‹‡”‡— ‡ƒ‹ˆ‹‹†
’”‘ˆ‹–ƒ„‹Ž£Ǥ

B…‡’Ÿ†…—ͳͻͻ͹ǡ‘Ÿ‹ƒƒÁ…‡’—–•£Á…Š‹†£”ƒ’‹†‹‡Ž‡‡’”‘ˆ‹–ƒ„‹Ž‡Ǥ ‘”샆‡
—…£ƒ•…£œ—–†‡Žƒͳ͹ͳǤͲͲͲÁͳͻͻ͹ŽƒͷͲǤͲͲͲÁʹͲͲͶǤ…£†‡”‹•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ—ƒ˜—–
Ž‘…Áͳͻͻ͹ǡ’”‹–”Ǧ—’”‘…‡•†‡…‘…‡†‹‡”‡˜‘Ž—–ƒ”£‹†—•†‡—’ƒ…Š‡–‰‡‡”‘•†‡
•ƒŽƒ”‹‹ …‘’‡•ƒ–‘”‹‹ ’‡ ͳʹȂʹͲ Ž—‹Ǥ ‘…‡†‹‡”‹Ž‡ ƒ— …‘–‹—ƒ– †‡ ƒ–—…‹ǡ ͷǤͲͲͲȂ
ͳͲǤͲͲͲŽ—…”£–‘”‹’£”£•‹†‹†—•–”‹ƒÁˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ƒǤ

‡ç‹ ‘„Ž‹‰ƒì‹‹Ž‡ †‡ ’”‘–‡…싇 •‘…‹ƒŽ£ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ”‡•’‡…–ƒ–‡ǡ ‘”ƒç‡Ž‡ ‹‹‡”‡ ƒˆ‡…–ƒ–‡ †‡
”‡•–”—…–—”£”‹Ž‡†‹•‡…–‘”•Ǧƒ—…‘ˆ”—–ƒ–…—”ƒ–‡ƒ”‹ƒŽ‡瑏ƒŒ—Ž—‹ç‹‘†‡–‡”‹‘”ƒ”‡ƒ
…ƒŽ‹–£ì‹‹˜‹‡ì‹‹ǡ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‹‹Ž‘…ƒŽ‡ç‹ƒ•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‡ǤŽ–ˆƒ…–‘”‹…ƒ”‡ƒ—‹ˆŽ—‡ìƒ–
…”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž—‹ †‡ •£”£…‹‡ ƒ ˆ‘•– …”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜£ ƒ  ’Ÿ£ Á ʹͲͲͲǡ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž
‹ˆŽƒì‹‡‹•Ǧƒ‡ì‹—–†‡ƒ•—’”ƒƒ͵ͲΨ’Ÿ£ÁʹͲͲͳǡ•…£œŸ†’Ÿ£ Žƒ ͳͷ Ψ ÁʹͲͲ͵Ǥ
ƒŽ‹œƒƒ•—’”ƒ£”£…‹‡‹‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–£†‡„ƒ…ƒ‘†‹ƒŽ£Áͳͻͻ͹ǡƒ‡•–‹ƒ–…£ʹͳǡͷΨ†‹
’‘’—Žƒì‹ƒ‘Ÿ‹‡‹–”£‹ƒ•—„Ž‹‹–ƒ•£”£…‹‡‹ǤŸ£ÁʹͲͲʹǡ‹˜‡Ž—Ž•£”£…‹‡‹ƒ…”‡•…—–Žƒ
ʹͻΨǤ

‡‘ƒ”‡…‡•‹†‹…ƒ–‡Ž‡‹‹‡”‡Á…£ƒ˜‡ƒ—Ž‡‰£–—”‹’—–‡”‹…‡…—’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‡‹‹ǡ‰—˜‡”—Žƒ
ƒŽ‘…ƒ–•—„˜‡ì‹‹„—‰‡–ƒ”‡’‡–”—ƒ…‡•–•‡…–‘”ǤBͳͻͻͻǡ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ•Ǧƒ”‹†‹…ƒ–Žƒ
ͻͻ ‹Ž‹‘ƒ‡ ǡ ‹ƒ” Á ʹͲͲͶ Ȃ Žƒ ͳͺͺ ‹Ž‹‘ƒ‡  ’‡–”— …‡Ž‡ ͳʹͲ ‹‡ Á…£
ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒŽ‡Ǥ ”‡’– ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ǡ Á ʹͲͲͶǡ •‡…–‘”—Ž ‹‹‡” ƒ …‘•—ƒ– ͵ͲͲ ‹Ž‹‘ƒ‡ †‡ Žƒ
„—‰‡–—Ž†‡•–ƒ–•ƒ—ͲǡͷΨ†‹Ǥ

B…–‘„”‹‡ʹͲͲͶǡ
—˜‡”—Žƒƒ’”‘„ƒ––”ƒ–‡‰‹ƒ’‡–”—‡…–‘”—Ž‹‹‡”…—•…‘’—Ž†‡
ƒ’”‡˜‡‹†‡ˆ‹…‹–—Žˆ‹•…ƒŽç‹ƒÁ„—£–£ì‹…‘†‹ì‹‹Ž‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡’‡–”—ˆ‘•–‡Ž‡œ‘‡‹‹‡”‡Ǥ
–”ƒ–‡‰‹ƒ ƒ ˆ‘•– ’”‘‹‡…–ƒ–£ ’‡–”— ƒ †‡ˆ‹‹ ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‡ †‡ „ƒœ£ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡
”‡•–”—…–—”ƒ”‡ƒ‘„‹‡…–‹˜‡Ž‘”•‡…–‘”—Ž—‹‹‹‡”ǡ‹…Ž—•‹˜‡Ž‹‹ƒ”‡ƒ–—–—”‘”•—„˜‡ì‹‹Ž‘”
’‡–”—•‡…–‘”—Ž‹‹‡”’Ÿ£ÁʹͲͳͲ’‡–”—ƒÁ†‡’Ž‹‹…”‹–‡”‹‹Ž‡†‡ƒ†‡”ƒ”‡ƒŽ‡ç‹
ƒŽ‡•…Š‹„£”‹Ž‘”‡…‡•ƒ”‡’‡–”—”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒǤ

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–”ƒ–‡‰‹ƒƒˆ‘•–Á–‘…‹–£•—„•—’‡”˜‹œƒ”‡ƒ‹‹•–”—Ž—‹‡…‘‘‹‡‹ç‹…‘‡”ì—Ž—‹ˆ‹‹†
•’”‹Œ‹‹–£ †‡ ƒ•‹•–‡ìƒ –‡Š‹…£ †‹ ’ƒ”–‡ƒ £…‹‹  ‘†‹ƒŽ‡ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹ †‡
Á…Š‹†‡”‡ ƒ ‹‡Ž‘” ç‹ –‡—£”‹‹ ˆ‡…–‡Ž‘” ‘…‹ƒŽ‡ ȋȌǤ …‡ƒ•–£ …‘‘’‡”ƒ”‡ ƒ
ˆ—”‹œƒ– „ƒœƒ ’‡–”— …‘–‹—ƒ”‡ƒ •’”‹Œ‹—Ž—‹ †‹ ’ƒ”–‡ƒ £…‹‹ ‘†‹ƒŽ‡ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡
’”‹˜‡ç–‡•‡…–‘”—Ž‹‹‡”†‹‘Ÿ‹ƒǤ


—˜‡”—Ž ‘Ÿ‹‡‹ ’Ž£—‹‡ç–‡ •£ …Š‡Ž–—‹ƒ•…£ Ͷͳͳ ‹Ž‹‘ƒ‡ —”‘ •—„ ˆ‘”ƒ ——‹
ƒŒ—–‘” †‡ •–ƒ– Á ’‡”‹‘ƒ†ƒ ʹͲͲ͹ǦʹͲͳͲǡ ”‡†—…Ÿ†ǡ Á ƒ…‡Žƒç‹ –‹’ǡ Á ‘† ‰”ƒ†—ƒŽǡ
•—„˜‡ì‹‹Ž‡’‡–”—•‡…–‘”—Ž…£”„—‡Ž—‹ǤȋSursa: www.worldbank.org)

Întrebri de evaluare
„‹‡…–‹˜—ŽƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹‹˜‡Ž—Ž—‹†‡•£”£…‹‡ç‹ƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹•‘…‹ƒŽȋȌƒˆ‘•–ƒ…‡Žƒ†‡ƒ
‡šƒ‹ƒ –”‡‹ •‡–—”‹ †‡ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹ †‹•–”‹„—ì‹‘ƒŽ‡ Á •…‘’—Ž ’”‘’—‡”‹‹ ƒ –”‡‹ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‡
†‡’‘Ž‹–‹…£ƒ‰—˜‡”—Ž—‹ǣ
ͳǤ ƒ”‡  •—– †‹ˆ‡”‡ì‡Ž‡ †‡ ‹’ƒ…– Á–”‡ …‘—‹–£ì‹Ž‡ ç‹ ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹Ž‡ ‹‹‡”‡ ç‹
‘Ǧ‹‹‡”‡ǫ
ʹǤ ƒ”‡‡•–‡‹’ƒ…–—Ž”‡ˆ‘”‡Ž‘”Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡ƒ„‡Ž‡•‡š‡ǫ
͵Ǥ ƒ”‡‡•–‡†‹•–”‹„—싃•ƒŽƒ”‹‹Ž‘”ç‹•—„˜‡ì‹‹Ž‘”Á…ƒ†”—Ž•‡…–‘”—Ž—‹‹‹‡”ǫ

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Planul de evaluare
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…Ÿ–‡˜ƒ•—„Ǧ•‡–—”‹ǣ
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͵Ǥ ƒŽ‹œƒ†‹•–”‹„—싇‹”‡•—”•‡Ž‘”ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡Á•‡…–‘”—Ž‹‹‡”Ǥ

Colectarea datelor

Studiu comparativ al comunitilor miniere i non-miniere

‘’ƒ”ƒì‹ƒ Á–”‡ …‘—‹–£ì‹Ž‡ ‹‹‡”‡ ç‹ …‡Ž‡ ‘Ǧ‹‹‡”‡ ƒ ƒ˜—– †”‡’– •…‘’
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‡„‹çȋ‡•–Ȍç‹…—‡‰”‡ç–‹Ǧƒçȋ‘”†ȌǤ

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Analiza impactului social asupra diferiilor factori interesai

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‹’ƒ…–ƒŽ’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘”Ǥ

Examinarea impacturilor pe sexe a reformelor sectorului minier

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Studiu de impact al programelor de recuperare a sectorului minier
”‘‰”ƒ—Ž †‡ ƒ–‡—ƒ”‡ ƒ ‡ˆ‡…–‡Ž‘” •‘…‹ƒŽ‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ– †‡ …£–”‡  …‘ì‹‡ ͷ
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x ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹’—„Ž‹…‡ç‹†‹ƒŽ‘‰•‘…‹ƒŽǤ

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‹†—•–”‹ƒ‹‹‡”£ç‹ˆ‡‡‹†‹ƒ…‡Ž‡‘”ƒç‡‹‹‡”‡Ǥ

Analiza distribuiei resurselor financiare în sectorul minier.

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†‹•’‘œ‹ì‹‡ ”ƒ’‹†Ǥ ‘–—ç‹ǡ †ƒ–‡Ž‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡ Žƒ •—„˜‡ì‹‹ ç‹ –”ƒ•ˆ‡”—”‹ ƒ•…—•‡ •ƒ—
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Analiza datelor
Studiu comparativ al comunitilor miniere i non-miniere
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Analiza impactului social asupra diferiilor factori interesai
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Bƒ‹–‡ͳͻͻ͹ ͳͳ ͳʹ ͳ͵
   
ʹͲͲͳȋ•ƒ— ʹͳ ʹʹ ʹ͵
ʹͲͲʹǡʹͲͲ͵ǡ
ʹͲͲͶȌ

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ȋͳͳǡʹ͵Ȍ•ƒ—ȋͳʹǡʹ͵Ȍǡ
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ʹͳȌ•ƒ—ȋͳ͵ǡʹʹȌǤ

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瑏‡”‹ǡ…ƒ•‹…‡ǡƒŽì‹‹Ǥ

Examinarea impacturilor pe sexe a reformei sectorului minier

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ˆ‡‡‹Ǥ

Studiu de impact al programelor de recuperare a sectoarelor de minerit

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Analiza distribuiei resurselor financiare în sectorul minier.
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ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ”‡ ç‹ ’Ž£ì‹ …‘’‡•ƒ–‘”‹‹ȌǡƒŽ‘…ƒì‹‹•‘…‹ƒŽ‡ç‹‹˜‡•–‹ì‹‹Ǥƒ–ƒ•ƒŽƒ”‹—Ž—‹ƒˆ‘•–
…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–£ ’‡–”— ͻ …‘’ƒ‹‹ ‹‹‡”‡ …‡ ƒ…‘’‡”‡ƒ— ƒ’”‘ƒ’‡ Á–”‡‰ •‡…–‘”—ŽǤ ƒ…£
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ƒ’”‘š‹ƒ–‹˜‡‰ƒŽ£…—•ƒŽƒ”‹—Ž——‹Ž—…”£–‘”Ǥ

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Cazul 5. Descentralizarea i privatizarea sectorului apelor în Albania
(Adaptat dup Srcia i Analiza Impactului Social al Reformelor, Banca Mondial, 2006)

De ce acest exemplu?
‡ˆ‘”ƒ †‡ †‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ •‡…–‘”—Ž—‹ ƒ†‹‹•–”£”‹‹ ƒ’‡Ž‘” †‹Ž„ƒ‹ƒƒ”ƒ–£ ”‘Ž—Ž
ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘” ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ Á –‹’—Ž ‡Žƒ„‘”£”‹‹ …‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘” ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹Ǥ …‡•–‡ƒ ƒ— ‹…Ž—• ç‹
•—‰‡•–‹‹’‡–”—Á„—£–£ì‹”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹Á—”ƒƒƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹†‡…£–”‡ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Á
•…‘’—Ž †‡ ƒ ‰£•‹ ‘–‹˜‡ ’‡–”— ‘ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ Á…‡ƒ–£ ƒ ”‡ˆ‘”‡‹ǡ ç‹ …ƒ—œ‡ †‡
Á’‘–”‹˜‹”‡ ƒ „‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”‹Ž‘”Ǥ …‡ƒ•–£ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ”‡’”‡œ‹–£ — ‡š‡’Ž— †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡
‹š–£ȋ•—ƒ–‹˜£ç‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜£ȌǤ

 ƒŽ–£ ˜ƒŽ‘ƒ”‡ ƒ†£—‰ƒ–£ ƒ ƒ…‡•–—‹ ‡š‡’Ž— ‡•–‡ †‡ ƒ ƒ”£–ƒ ’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ ƒ —–‹Ž‹œƒ
‘†‡Ž—Ž Ž‘‰‹–—†‹ƒŽ …— …Ÿ–‡˜ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ ȋ’”‡Ǧǡ ‹–‡”‹ƒ”‡ ç‹ ‡šǦ’‘•–Ȍ
’‡–”— ‰”—’—”‹Ž‡ †‡ …‘–”‘Ž ç‹ –”ƒ–ƒ‡– ȋ‘†‡Ž ͳȌǤ ‡ç‹ ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ——‹ ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž †‡
†‡•‹‰‡•–‡…‘•–‹•‹–‘ƒ”‡ǡƒ—–‘”‹–£ì‹Ž‡†‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡Á’”‡—£…—ƒ…ƒ‘†‹ƒŽ£ƒ—
†‡…‹• •£ —–‹Ž‹œ‡œ‡ ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ ’‡–”— ‹’ƒ…–—Ž •‘…‹ƒŽ •‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜ ƒ•—’”ƒ
ƒ—‹–‘”ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹Ǥ

Informaii generale
‡ç‹ Ž„ƒ‹ƒ ƒ”‡ ”‡•—”•‡ †‡ ƒ’£ ƒ„—†‡–‡ǡ ƒ’ƒ ’‘–ƒ„‹Ž£ ç‹ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”ƒ †‡
…ƒƒŽ‹œƒ”‡‡•–‡Á„£–”Ÿ‹–£ǡƒˆ‡…–ƒ–£ç‹‹‡ˆ‹…‹‡–£Á‘†…‘•‹†‡”ƒ„‹Žǡƒ–Ÿ–Áœ‘‡Ž‡
—”„ƒ‡ǡ…Ÿ–ç‹Á…‡Ž‡”—”ƒŽ‡Ǥ
—˜‡”—ŽŽ„ƒ‡œ†‘”‡ç–‡•£ˆ—”‹œ‡œ‡ƒ……‡•‡‰ƒŽŽƒƒ’£Á
…‘†‹ì‹‹†‡•‹‰—”ƒì£ç‹–ƒ”‹ˆ‡ƒ……‡•‹„‹Ž‡’”‹–”Ǧ‘”‡ˆ‘”£ƒ•‡…–‘”—Ž—‹ƒ’‡Ž‘”…ƒ”‡•£
‡š’‡”‹‡–‡œ‡ †‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ ƒ †‘—£ ‘†‡Ž‡ ’ƒ”ƒŽ‡Ž‡ †‡ —–‹Ž‹–£ì‹ǡ ——Ž ’”‹˜ƒ– ç‹
ƒŽ–—Ž’—„Ž‹…Ǥƒ…ƒ‘†‹ƒŽ£ƒ•‹•–£”‡ˆ‘”ƒ†‡†‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ•‡…–‘”—Ž—‹ƒŽ„ƒ‡œƒŽ
ƒ’‡Ž‘” ’”‹ ‹–‡”‡†‹—Ž ——‹ ”‘‹‡…– —‹…‹’ƒŽ ’‡–”— ’‡ ç‹ ’‡ œƒ–‡ǡ …ƒ”‡ ƒ
‹–”‘†—•’”‹—Ž…‘–”ƒ…–†‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–†‹•‡…–‘”—Ž’”‹˜ƒ–Á’ƒ–”—‘”ƒç‡ƒŽ„ƒ‡œ‡Ǥ

Întrebri de evaluare
˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒƒƒ˜—–†”‡’–•…‘’ƒ’”‡…‹‡”‡ƒ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘””‡ˆ‘”‡‹’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡
ƒƒ‰‡‡–ƒŽƒ’‡Ž‘”ǡ…‘’ƒ”Ÿ†…‡Ž‡†‘—£‘†‡Ž‡Á‘’–‘”ƒç‡ǡÁ–”Ǧ‘ƒ—‹–£
’‡”‹‘ƒ†£†‡–‹’Ǥ

–—†‹—Žƒ‡šƒ‹ƒ–—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡†‘—£ƒ•’‡…–‡ƒŒ‘”‡ǣ
x ‡ •…Š‹„£”‹ Á ”‡‰—Žƒ‡–‡Ž‡ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‘ƒŽ‡ ƒ †‡–‡”‹ƒ– ”‡ˆ‘”ƒ
†‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹Ǣ
x ‡ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹ ƒ— ƒ˜—– •…Š‹„£”‹Ž‡ †‡ ƒ—–‘”‹–ƒ–‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ ’”‡ì—”‹Ž‘” ȋ–ƒ”‹ˆ‡Ž‘”Ȍǡ
ƒ……‡•—Ž—‹Žƒ•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‡†‡ƒ’£ç‹ƒ’‡—œƒ–‡ǡ‘…—’£”‹‹——‹Ž‘…†‡—…£’‡–”—
†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡‰”—’—”‹ç‹ǡ†‡ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ…ƒ”‡•—–ƒŽ–‡‹’ƒ…–—”‹ƒŽ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡‹Ǥ

B ƒ…‡•– •…‘’ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ •Ǧƒ …‘…‡–”ƒ– ƒ•—’”ƒ ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘” ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡ
‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‘” ç‹ ƒ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘” •‘…‹ƒŽ‡Ǥ ‘•—Ž–£”‹Ž‡ …—
—˜‡”—Ž ç‹ ƒ…ƒ ‘†‹ƒŽ£ ƒ—
‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ‡˜‘‹ƒ †‡ ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ •–”—…–—”‹‹ǡ ˆ—…ì‹‘£”‹‹ ç‹ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘” …‡Ž‘”
†‘—£‘†‡Ž‡†‡”‡ˆ‘”£Ǥ–—†‹—Žƒˆ‘•–‡‹–ƒ‹Ž—•–”ƒ…‘•–”Ÿ‰‡”‹Ž‡ǡ‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹Ž‡
…—”‡–‡ç‹”‹•…—”‹Ž‡‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡†‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–—Ž’”‹˜ƒ–ç‹’—„Ž‹…ƒŽ—–‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‘”†‡ƒ’£Ǥ

…Š‹’ƒ†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ”‹†‹…ƒ–ǡ†‡ƒ•‡‡‡ƒǡ‹’‘–‡œƒ…‘ˆ‘”…£”‡‹ƒ…‡Ž‡†‘—£‘†‡Ž‡
†‡ ”‡ˆ‘”£ ƒ— ‹’ƒ…–—”‹ †‹•–”‹„—ì‹‘ƒŽ‡ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘” •‘…‹‘Ǧ‡…‘‘‹…‡
•‹‹Žƒ”‡Ǥ’‘–‡œƒƒ‰Š‹†ƒ–ƒŽ‡‰‡”‡ƒ‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹‡‹ƒƒŽ‹–‹…‡Ǥ

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Planificarea evalurii
‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ •…‘’—Ž ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ƒ ˆ‘•– ƒ…‡Žƒ †‡ ƒ ƒ’”‡…‹ƒ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‡ ”‡ˆ‘”‡‹ •‡…–‘”—Ž—‹
ƒ’‡Ž‘”ǡ ‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ †‡ …‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘•– ƒŽ‡ƒ•£ ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž Á…Ÿ– •£ ’‡”‹–£ — ‰”ƒ† †‡
…‘’ƒ”ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘” ç‹ ‹œ‘Žƒ”‡ƒ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘” ”‡ˆ‘”‡Ž‘”ǡ ‡•‡ì‹ƒŽ‡ ’‡–”—
ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡‘†‡ŽǤ‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ†‡…‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘•––‡•–ƒ–£ƒ–‡”‹‘”Á–‹’—Ž‡š‡”…‹ì‹—Ž—‹
’‹Ž‘–†‹Ž—‹Ž‡ƒ‹Ǧ—Ž‹‡ʹͲͲ͵ǡÁ’ƒ–”—‘”ƒç‡Ǥ

ƒ‹ ƒ’‘‹ǡ ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ ‡š–‹• ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž—‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ Žƒ ‘’– ‘”ƒç‡Ǥ
˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹ ç‹ ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ǡ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ ‹•–‹–—ì‹‘ƒŽ£ ç‹ †‡ ‹’ƒ…– …ƒ”‡ ƒ ’‡”‹•
…‘’ƒ”ƒì‹ƒ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‘” ƒ•—’”ƒ ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘” •‘…‹ƒŽ‡ ç‹ ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ †‡–ƒŽ‹ƒ–‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ
’‡”…‡’싇‹…‘•—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”Ǥ˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒƒ…‘’ƒ”ƒ–‰”—’—”‹Ž‡†‡…‘–”‘Žç‹–”ƒ–ƒ‡–’‡
ƒ‹—Ž–‡’‡”‹‘ƒ†‡†‡–‹’ȂÁƒ‹–‡ç‹Á–‹’—Ž’ƒ”–‹…‹’£”‹‹•‡…–‘”—Ž—‹’”‹˜ƒ–Ǥ•–ˆ‡Žǡ
ƒˆ‘•–ƒ‹Á–Ÿ‹‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–Žƒ‘‡–—ŽÁ…ƒ”‡ǡ‘’‡”ƒ–‘”—Ž’”‹˜ƒ–ç‹ǦƒÁ…‡’—–‹•‹—‡ƒǡ
Žƒ•ˆŸ”ç‹–—ŽŽ—‹ʹͲͲ͵Ǥ•–—†‹—†‡—”£”‹”‡ƒ£•—”ƒ–‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‡”‡ˆ‘”‡‹’‡•–‡†‘‹
ƒ‹Ǥ—’£‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ǡƒ—ˆ‘•–’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹•—’Ž‹‡–ƒ”‡Ǥ

ƒ–”— ‘”ƒç‡ …— ƒƒ‰‡‡– ’”‹˜ƒ– ƒŽ —–‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ȋ—””´•ǡ ‹‡”ǡ ‡œŠƒ ç‹ ƒ”ƒ†ƒȌǡ …—
•’”‹Œ‹—Ž’”‘‹‡…–—Ž—‹£…‹‹ǡƒ—ˆ‘•–…‘’ƒ”ƒ–‡…——‰”—’†‡…‘–”‘Žˆ‘”ƒ–†‹’ƒ–”—
‘”ƒç‡ …— ƒƒ‰‡‡– ’—„Ž‹… ƒŽ —–‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‘” †‡ ƒ’£ ȋŽ‘”ƒǡ ‘”­ƒǡ —•ŠŒƒ ç‹

Œ‹”‘ƒ•–”ƒȌǤ ‘ƒ–‡ ‘”ƒç‡Ž‡ 싐–£ǡ …— ‡š…‡’싃 ‘”­ƒǡ ƒ— ’”‡œ‡–ƒ– …ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹
•‹‹Žƒ”‡Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡ƒ”‹ƒ†‡ƒ…‘’‡”‹”‡ǡ•‹•–‡—Ž†‡ˆƒ…–—”ƒ”‡ǡ”ƒ–ƒ†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡
ç‹ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž †‡ ’‹‡”†‡”‹ †‡ ƒ’£Ǥ ”ƒç‡Ž‡ ‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡ Á ’”‘‹‡…– †‹ˆ‡”£ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡
–‹’—Ž †‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ƒŽ —–‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‘” †‡ ƒ’£ǡ ’”‡œ‡ìƒ ”ƒ…‘”†—”‹Ž‘” ‹Ž‡‰ƒŽ‡ǡ —£”—Ž
’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‹”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–†‹–‡†‹ì‡Ž‡†‡—”„ƒ‹œƒ”‡Á—Ž–‹‹‹ͳ͵ƒ‹ç‹‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹Ž‡†‡
’‡’‹ƒìƒ—…‹‹Ǥ

‡„”‹‹‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–•‡Ž‡…–ƒì‹’‡–”—ƒ‘ˆ‡”‹‘‡š’‡”–‹œ£‹š–£ç‹
‡š’‡”‹‡ì£Á†‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ǡƒƒŽ‹œ‡†‡‹’ƒ…–ç‹”‡ˆ‘”ƒ•‡…–‘”—Ž—‹ƒ’‡Ž‘”Á
Ž„ƒ‹ƒǤ

Instrumente i metode de colectare a datelor

…Š‹’ƒƒƒŽ‡•‘ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡…‡‹…Ž—†‡ƒ‡–‘†‡…‘„‹ƒ–‡Ǥ‡–‘†‡†‡…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†ƒ–‡Ž‘”
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ç‹ …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ— ˆ—”‹œƒ– ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ …—’”‹œ£–‘ƒ”‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ ”‡ˆ‘”‡‹
•–”—…–—”‹Ž‘”ç‹’”‘…‡•‡Ž‘”…‡Ž‘”†‘—£‘†‡Ž‡Ǥ

ƒ—’”‹’ƒ•ǡ•–—†‹—Žƒ…‘’‹Žƒ–†ƒ–‡•‡…—†ƒ”‡’”‹‹–‡”‡†‹—Ž—‡‹revizuiri de
birou ƒƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‡Ž‘”‡š‹•–‡–‡Ǥ‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†‡†ƒ–‡•‡…—†ƒ”‡ƒ•’”‹Œ‹‹–…‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ†‡
†ƒ–‡ ’”‹ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡˜‹œ—‹”‡ƒ †ƒ–‡Ž‘” •‡…—†ƒ”‡ ƒ ƒŒ—–ƒ– Žƒ …”‡‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ„‘”†£”‹‹ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ç‹‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹‡‹Ǥƒ…‘’‡”‹–†‘…—‡–‡…Š‡‹‡ç‹Ž‡‰‹”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ”‡ƒ
狈—…ì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ†‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹‰—˜‡”—Ž—‹Ž‘…ƒŽǡ狃•’‡…–‡•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡•‡…–‘”—Ž—‹ƒ’‡Ž‘”
狃’‡Ž‘”—œƒ–‡Ǥ‘•–”—‹†’‡„ƒœƒ…—‘ç–‹ì‡Ž‘”‡š‹•–‡–‡ǡ‡…Š‹’ƒƒ’—–—–‡…‘‘‹•‹
–‹’ç‹”‡•—”•‡ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡Ǥ

”£–‘”‹‹ ’ƒç‹ ’‡–”— ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ”‡ƒ …‘Ž‡…–£”‹‹ †‡ †ƒ–‡
’”‹ƒ”‡’”‹ǣ
x ͳͳͲ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹…Š‡‹‡†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ”‡Ǣ
x ͵ʹ†‹•…—ì‹‹…—ˆ‘…—•‰”—’—”‹Ǣ
x ͸͸Ͷ•‘†ƒŒ‡’‡‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹…—…Ž‹‡ì‹ƒ‹—–‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‘”…ƒ•‹…‡Ǥ

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…Š‹’ƒ†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–—…ƒ†‡–‡”‡—–‹Ž‹œŸ†Á”‡‰‹•–”£”‹’‡„ƒ†£’‡–”—
‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‡…Š‡‹‡†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ç‹ˆ‘…—•‰”—’—”‹Ǥ

Interviurile cheie de informareƒ—‘ˆ‡”‹–‘’‡”•’‡…–‹˜£Á•–”—…–—”‹Ž‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡ǡ
‹•–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‡ ˆ‘”ƒŽ‡ ç‹ ‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ‡ǡ ’‡”…‡’ì‹‹Ž‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘” ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ç‹ †‹ƒ‹…‹‹
•‡…–‘”—Ž—‹Ǥ …Š‹’ƒ ƒ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ– — ‰Š‹† †‡ –‡ƒ–‹…‹ …ƒ”‡ ƒ ’‡”‹• †‹•…—ì‹‹Ž‡ Ž‹„‡”‡
ƒ…‘’‡”‹†ǡÁ•£–‡‡Ž‡†‡‹–‡”‡•ǡ…ƒǣ’”‘‰”‡•—Ž’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡†‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡’‘Ž‹–‹…£
ç‹ ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”£ǡ ƒ……‡• Žƒ ƒ’£ǡ –ƒ”‹ˆ‡ǡ •—„˜‡ì‹‹ ç‹ –”ƒ•ˆ‡”—”‹Ǥ 烐–‹‘—Ž ƒ ƒ…‘’‡”‹– –‘ì‹
ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‘ƒŽ‹ ‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ ‹’Ž‹…ƒì‹ †‹”‡…– Á ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ †‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ ç‹
ƒ•’‡…–‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‡†‡•‡…–‘”—Žƒ’‡Ž‘”†‹’ƒ”–‡ƒ•‡…–‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”’—„Ž‹…ç‹’”‹˜ƒ–狃•‘…‹‡–£ì‹‹
…‹˜‹Ž‡Ǥ

ƒ‹˜‡Ž—Žguvernrii centraleǡƒ—ˆ‘•–…‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡†ƒ–‡’”‹‹–‡”‡†‹—Žƒͺ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹…—
‡š’‡”ì‹ǡ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒì‹ƒ‹‹‹•–‡”‡Ž‘”†‡”‡•‘”–Ȅ‹‹•–‡”—Ž‡ƒŒ£”‹‹‡”‹–‘”‹ƒŽ‡ç‹
—”‹•—Ž—‹ǡ‹‹•–‡”—Ž
—˜‡”£”‹‹‘…ƒŽ‡ç‹‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹ç‹‹‹•–‡”—Ž…‘‘‹‡‹ç‹
‘ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ‹ƒ‹‘”‰ƒ‹•—Ž—‹†‡”‡‰Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒƒ’‡Ž‘”ç‹…‘•‹Ž‹—Žƒì‹‘ƒŽƒŽƒ’‡Ž‘”Ǥ

‡Ž’—싐ͳͲ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹…—‡š’‡”ì‹Žƒ‹˜‡Ž†‡guvernare local ƒ—ˆ‘•–‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ–‡’‡–”—
ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ †‹–”‡ …‡Ž‡ ‘’– ‘”ƒç‡ ‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‡ Á ’”‘‹‡…–Ǥ B ˆ—…싇 †‡ –”£•£–—”‹Ž‡
…ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‡ ƒŽ‡ ‘”ƒç—Ž—‹ǡ •Ǧƒ— ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ– ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ •—’Ž‹‡–ƒ”‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ‘„싐‡ ‘
‹ƒ‰‹‡…‘’Ž‡–£Ǥ

— ƒ˜—– Ž‘… ’ƒ–”— discuii în cadrul focus grupurilor Á ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡ ‘”ƒçǤ Ǧƒ —”£”‹–
”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ‡…Š‹Ž‹„”ƒ–£ Á …ƒ†”—Ž ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘”ǡ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹Ž‘”Ȁ…‘•—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”
•‡Ž‡…–ƒì‹’‡„ƒœƒ—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”…”‹–‡”‹‹ǣ…ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹†‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡ç‹•‘…‹‘Ǧ‡…‘‘‹…‡
ȋ•‡šǡ ‡†‹— •‘…‹‘Ǧ‡…‘‘‹…ǡ ‹˜‡Ž †‡ ‡†—…ƒì‹‡ ‡–…ǤȌ ç‹ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ •‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘” †‡ ƒ’£ ç‹
„——”‹Ž‡ç‹•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‡’‡–”—ƒ’‡—œƒ–‡ȋ†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡œ‘‡†‡’”‡•‹—‡ƒƒ’‡‹ǡƒ”‹‹…ƒ”‡•—–
•ƒ— — ƒ…‘’‡”‹–‡ †‡ …£–”‡ ”‡ì‡ƒǡ ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹ …— ç‹ ˆ£”£ ƒ’ƒ”ƒ–‡ †‡ £•—”ƒ”‡ ‡–…ǤȌǤ
‹•…—ì‹‹Ž‡ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ˆ‘…—• ‰”—’—”‹Ž‘” ƒ— ‘ˆ‡”‹– ˆ‡‡†„ƒ… ’‡ –‡ƒ ‰”ƒ†—Ž—‹ †‡
•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…싇 ƒŽ …‘•—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘” ç‹ ƒ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‹Ž‘” †‡ ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ”‡Ǥ Echipa a explorat
percepiile comunitilor asupra guvernrii municipale i a instituiilor din
sectorul apelorǡƒ……‡•—ŽŽƒƒ’£ǡ–ƒ”‹ˆ‡ǡ†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒç‹’—–‡”‡ƒ†‡’Žƒ–£ǡ•—„˜‡ì‹‹ç‹
–”ƒ•ˆ‡”—”‹ç‹‘…—’ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘”쇋†‡—…£Ǥ

Sondajele pe gospodrii au relevat date de baz referitoare la consumatorii
interniǡ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‡†‡ƒ’£ç‹ƒ’‡Ž‡”‡œ‹†—ƒŽ‡ç‹†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡ƒ
’Ž£–‹ Žƒ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‡‹Ǥ Sondajul la nivelul gospodriilor a acoperit aspecte
ca: nivelul de satisfacie al consumatorilor în ceea ce privete guvernarea
municipalǡ –ƒ”‹ˆ‡Ž‡ ç‹ †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ ’Žƒ–£ǡ ’”‡•‹—‡ ç‹ Á…”‡†‡”‡ ç‹ •‹‰—”ƒìƒ
ƒ’‡‹Ǥ ‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹ ƒ— ˆ‘•– …‘•—ƒ–‘”‹ …ƒ•‹…‹ †‹ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡ ‡†‹‹ •‘…‹‘Ǧ‡…‘‘‹…‡ǡ
‡–‹…‡ç‹‰‡‘‰”ƒˆ‹…‡Ǥ

…Š‹’ƒ ƒ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ– — ‡çƒ–‹‘ ”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ–‹˜ ç‹ ƒ ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ– — —£” ‹‹ †‡ ͺͲ
‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹ Á ‡†‹—Ž —”„ƒ ç‹ ͳͲͲ ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹ †‹ ”‡‰‹—‡ƒ —”„ƒǦ”—”ƒŽ£ —””´•
’‡–”—ƒ…—’”‹†‡œ‘ƒƒ‹Žƒ”‰£†‡•‡”˜‹…‹‹ƒ‘”ƒç—Ž—‹Ǥ烐–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒƒˆ‘•–ƒ‹Á–Ÿ‹
•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–£’‡–”—ƒƒ…‘’‡”‹…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡†‡‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹ǡ…—ƒ”ˆ‹ƒ…‘’‡”‹”‡ƒ•ƒ—
‡ƒ…‘’‡”‹”‡ƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ†‡…£–”‡”‡ì‡Ž‡ǡ†‹ˆ‡”‹–‡œ‘‡†‡’”‡•‹—‡ǡ’”‡œ‡ìƒ•ƒ—ƒ„•‡ìƒ
ƒ’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž‘”†‡£•—”ƒ–ǡ‰”—’ƒ†‡˜‡‹–ç‹’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ”‡ƒŽƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž†‡£•—”ƒ”‡Ǥ
B …ƒ†”—Ž ˆ‹‡…£”‡‹ …ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹ǡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ ˆ‘•– ƒŽ‡ƒ–‘”‹‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ‘„싐‡ ‘
”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ”‡‡…Š‹Ž‹„”ƒ–£ƒ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹Ž‘”Ǥ
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Analiza datelor
ƒ–‡Ž‡ …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ’”‘…‡•ƒ–‡ ç‹ ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ —–‹Ž‹œŸ† ƒ…Š‡–—Ž –ƒ–‹•–‹… ’‡–”—
f–‹‹ì‡ ‘…‹ƒŽ‡ ȋȌǤ ƒ–‡Ž‡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ Á”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‡ ’‡ „ƒ†£ ƒ— ˆ‘•– –”ƒ•…”‹•‡ ç‹
ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡Ǥ

–‹Ž‹œŸ† †ƒ–‡Ž‡ ’”‹ƒ”‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ Á ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ –‡”‡ǡ …ƒ ç‹ †ƒ–‡Ž‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡ Žƒ
’‘’—Žƒì‹‡‘„싐—–‡†‹•—”•‡—‹…‹’ƒŽ‡ǡ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹ƒ—Á–‘…‹–—•–—†‹—…‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜
Ȃ ͺ ’”‘ˆ‹Ž—”‹ †‡ ‘”ƒç Dz•—’”ƒ ‘†‹ì‹‹Ž‘” ç‹ ……‡•—Ž—‹ Žƒ ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”ƒ †‡ ’£ ç‹
ƒƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ Á ’– ”ƒç‡ i‹–£dzǤ Aceste profiluri au furnizat informaii asupra
populaiei i ratei creterii numrului acesteiaǡ…ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹Ž‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡ȋ˜‡‹–—Ž’‡
‰‘•’‘†£”‹‡ǡ ˆƒ‹Ž‹‹ …‡ –”£‹‡•… †‹ ƒŒ—–‘”—Ž •‘…‹ƒŽǡ ”ƒ–ƒ 瑏ƒŒ—Ž—‹Ȍǡ …ƒ ç‹ ’”‘ˆ‹Ž—Ž
ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ‡…‘‘‹…‡ ƒŽ‡ ‘”ƒç—Ž—‹Ǥ ”‘ˆ‹Ž—”‹Ž‡ ‘”ƒç‡Ž‘” ƒ— ‘ˆ‡”‹– ’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
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ƒ……‡•—Ž—‹Žƒ•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‡†‡ƒ’£ç‹•‹•–‡‡Ž‡†‡…ƒƒŽ‹œƒ”‡’”‹–”‡‘”ƒç‡Ž‡…—ˆ—”‹œ‘”‹†‡
•‡”˜‹…‹‹’—„Ž‹…‹ç‹’”‹˜ƒì‹Ǥ

Bƒ‹–‡ †‡ ƒ ˆƒ…‡ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹ ’‡–”— Á„—£–£ì‹”‹Ž‡ ˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡ ƒŽ‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ǡ ‡…Š‹’ƒ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ ‡ˆ‡…–—ƒ– ‘ analiz a factorilor interesai. …‡ƒ•–ƒ •Ǧƒ „ƒœƒ– ’‡ datele
obinute în activitatea de terenǡ…ƒç‹Á…‡”…‡–ƒ”‡ƒ†‡„‹”‘—Ǥ

ƒ…–‘”‹‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ƒ—ˆ‘•–Á’£”ì‹ì‹Á–”‡‹‰”—’‡ǣ
x ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹…‡ƒˆ‡…–‡ƒœ£Ȁ‹’Ž‡‡–‡ƒœ£”‡ˆ‘”ƒǢ
x ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹…‡•—–ƒˆ‡…–ƒì‹†‡…£–”‡”‡ˆ‘”£ˆ‹‡’‘œ‹–‹˜ǡˆ‹‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜Ǣ
x ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹…ƒ”‡‹ˆŽ—‡ì‡ƒœ£’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ†‡”‡ˆ‘”£Ǥ

…Š‹ìƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ ƒ ˆ‘•– —–‹Ž‹œƒ–£ …ƒ — ’—…– †‡ ’Ž‡…ƒ”‡ ’‡–”— Áì‡Ž‡‰‡”‡ƒ ‡…‘‘‹‡‹
’‘Ž‹–‹…‡ †‹ •’ƒ–‡Ž‡ ”‡ˆ‘”‡‹ •‡…–‘”—Ž—‹Ǥ B Œ—” †‡ †‘—£•’”‡œ‡…‡ ‰”—’—”‹ †‡ ˆƒ…–‘”‹
‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ƒ—ˆ‘•–‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡…ƒˆ‹‹†‹’‘”–ƒ–‡’‡–”—’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡”‡ˆ‘”£Ǥ

Factorii interesai care afecteaz/implementeaz reforma

Consiliul de Minitrii Œ‘ƒ…£ — ”‘Ž …Š‡‹‡ Á ˆ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ …‘’‘‡–‡Ž‘” Œ—”‹†‹…‡ ƒŽ‡
”‡ˆ‘”‡‹Ǥ ‘–—ç‹ǡ •’”‹Œ‹—Ž ƒ…‡•–—‹ƒ ’‡–”— ˆƒœƒ †‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ — ƒ ˆ‘•– ——Ž
•—„•–ƒì‹ƒŽǤ

Ministerul Amenajrii Teritoriului i Turismului Œ‘ƒ…£ — ”‘Ž ‹’‘”–ƒ– Á
’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ”‡ˆ‘”£ǡ ˆ‹‹† ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž †‡ Á–‘…‹”‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ •‡…–‘”—Ž—‹ †‡ ƒ’£ǡ
†‹•–”‹„—‹”‡ƒˆ‘†—”‹Ž‘”†‡‹˜‡•–‹ì‹‹ǤǦƒ…‘ˆ”—–ƒ–…—’‘•‹„‹Ž‡’‹‡”†‡”‹ƒŽ‡ƒ—–‘”‹–£ì‹‹
…ƒ ‹’ƒ…– †‹”‡…– ƒŽ ”‡ˆ‘”‡‹Ǥ f‹Ǧƒ ‡š’”‹ƒ– opoziia ‡ƒ˜ƒ•Ÿ† –”ƒ•ˆ‡”—Ž
†‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ–†‡„——”‹…‘ˆ‘”’”‘‰”ƒ£”‹‹Ǥ

Ministerul Guvernrii Locale i Descentralizrii Œ‘ƒ…£ ”‘Ž—Ž ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ Á
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒç‹…‘‘”†‘ƒ”‡ƒ”‡ˆ‘”‡‹†‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹Á–‘ƒ–‡•‡…–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡ǡ‹…Ž—•‹˜
†‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ •‡…–‘”—Ž—‹ ƒ’‡Ž‘”Ǥ  ƒ˜—– ‘ implicare puternic Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡
”‡ˆ‘”ƒÁ…ƒ†”—Ž‰—˜‡”£”‹‹…‡–”ƒŽ‡ç‹ƒƒ•‹‰—”ƒ–ƒ’”‘„ƒ”‡ƒ…‘•‹Ž‹—Ž—‹†‡‹‹ç–”‹
’‡–”—‘…—‡–—Ž†‡‘Ž‹–‹…£ƒŽ‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹’‡Ž‘”Ǥ

”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡ ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹ ƒŽ‡ Ministerului Economiei Á ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ”‡ˆ‘”£ ƒ
•‡…–‘”—Ž—‹ ƒ’‡Ž‘” •—– †‡ ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ ƒ…–‹˜‡Ž‡ ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ ç‹ ƒ ƒ•‹•–ƒ Žƒ ˆ—œ‹—‡ƒ †‹–”‡
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Á–”‡’”‹†‡”‡ƒ †‡ ƒ’‡ç‹ …‡ƒ †‡ …ƒƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ ç‹–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ Á •‘…‹‡–£ì‹ ’‡
ƒ…ì‹—‹Ǥ …‡•–ƒ ƒ †‡‘•–”ƒ– sprijin ideologic ’‡–”— reform, dei nu acordase o
atenie adecvat recomandrilor †‹ ‘…—‡–—Ž †‡ ‘Ž‹–‹…£ Á ˜‡†‡”‡ƒ
‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹‡…–‘”—Ž—‹’‡Ž‘”ƒ’”‘„ƒ–†‡‰—˜‡”Ǥ

Ministerul Finanelor ‡•–‡”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž’‡–”—ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ•—„˜‡ì‹‹Ž‘”Ǥ

Agenia de Reglementare a Domeniului Apelor, Á …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ †‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•
‹†‡’‡†‡–ƒ•–ƒ„‹Ž‹––ƒ”‹ˆ‡Ž‡’‡–”—ƒ’£ç‹ƒ”‡†”‡’–—ŽŽ‡‰ƒŽ†‡ƒ‘‹–‘”‹œƒç‹‡‹–‡
’‡ƒŽ‹–£ì‹ Á …ƒœ †‡ Á…£Ž…£”‹ ƒŽ‡ Ž‡‰‹‹Ǥ ‡ç‹ — •Ǧƒ ‘’—• †‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œ£”‹‹ǡ ƒ ezitat Á ƒ
’”‡†ƒ ƒ—–‘”‹–ƒ–‡ƒ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹”‡ƒ †‡ –ƒ”‹ˆ‡ ‰—˜‡”‡Ž‘” Ž‘…ƒŽ‡ •ƒ— ƒ
ƒ……‡’–ƒ ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹ ”‡†—•‡ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ •–ƒ„‹Ž‹”‡ƒ †‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹ ç‹
‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ†‡•–ƒ†ƒ”†‡Ǥ

Guvernele locale — •—– —ƒ‹ „‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ”‹‹ ”‡ˆ‘”‡‹ǡ …‹ ç‹ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒì‹ ƒ…–‹˜‹ Žƒ
ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒǤ‘–—ç‹ǡ†‹…ƒ—œƒ—‡‹Á–Ÿ”œ‹‡”‹Á’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡†‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ǡƒ—’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹
Ž‹‹–ƒ–‡†‡‡š‡”…‹–ƒ”‡ƒ†”‡’–—”‹Ž‘”•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–‡’”‹Ž‡‰‡Ǥ—–‘”‹–£ì‹Ž‡Ž‘…ƒŽ‡•‡…‘ˆ”—–£
…— †‘—£ ’”‘„Ž‡‡ ƒŒ‘”‡Ǥ ƒ‹ Á–Ÿ‹ǡ Ž‹’•ƒ ‡š’‡”–‹œ‡‹ ‡…‡•ƒ”‡ Á ’”‘„Ž‡‡
ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ç‹ƒƒ‰‡‡–ƒŽ—–‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‘”ǡÁƒŽ†‘‹Ž‡ƒ”Ÿ†ǡ•—–˜—Ž‡”ƒ„‹Ž‡ˆƒì£†‡
’”‘…‡•—Ž’‘Ž‹–‹…Ǥ

Factori interesai afectai pozitiv de ctre reform

Guvernele locale au sprijinit ”‡ˆ‘”ƒ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ƒ ƒ˜—– — ‹’ƒ…– ’‘œ‹–‹˜ ƒ•—’”ƒ
ƒ—–‘”‹–£ì‹‹ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒÁ…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡Ž—ƒ”‡ƒ†‡…‹œ‹‹Ž‘”ȋÁ’”‹˜‹ìƒ•–ƒ„‹Ž‹”‹‹–ƒ”‹ˆ‡Ž‘”
’‡–”—ƒŽ‹‡–ƒ”‡ƒ…—ƒ’£Ȍ狃—„‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ–†‡…‘•–”—‹”‡ƒ…ƒ’ƒ…‹–£ì‹‹’”‹‹–‡”‡†‹—Ž
’”‘‰”ƒ‡Ž‘” ”‡•’‡…–‹˜‡Ǥ — •–ƒ„‹Ž‹– …‘†‹ì‹‹ǡ ‹…Ž—•‹˜ ”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡ Žƒ ”‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡ƒ
”‡ì‡Ž‡Ž‘” †‡ ƒŽ‹‡–ƒ”‡ …— ƒ’£ǡ ƒ—Žƒ”‡ƒ †ƒ–‘”‹‹Ž‘” ‰—˜‡”—Ž—‹ …‡–”ƒŽ ƒ–‡”‹‘”
ˆ—”‹œ£”‹‹†‡•…‡–”ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡†‡•‡”˜‹…‹‹ç‹–”ƒ•ˆ‡”—Ž„——”‹Ž‘”Ǥ

Utilitile de ap ƒ— ˆ‘•– –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‡ Á •‘…‹‡–£ì‹ ’‡ ƒ…ì‹—‹ ç‹ ƒ— „‡‡ˆ‹…‹ƒ– †‡ —
’‡”•‘ƒŽ ƒ‹ „‹‡ ˆ‘”ƒ– Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ —–‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ …ƒ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ– ƒŽ ”‡ˆ‘”‡‹Ǥ —
•’”‹Œ‹‹–puternic ”‡ˆ‘”ƒ†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒƒƒ˜—–—‹’ƒ…–†‹”‡…–ç‹’‘œ‹–‹˜ƒ•—’”ƒ
˜‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒ”‡…”‡•…—–‡ç‹”‡…—’‡”£”‹‹…‘•–—”‹Ž‘”Ǥ

Clienii ȋ’—„Ž‹…ǡ ˆ‹”‡ ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ǡ ‰‘•’‘†£”‹‹Ȍ au sprijinit ”‡ˆ‘”ƒ †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ƒ…‡ƒ•–ƒ ƒ
ƒ˜—–—‹’ƒ…–†‹”‡…–ç‹’‘œ‹–‹˜ƒ•—’”ƒƒ……‡•—Ž—‹Á„—£–£ì‹–狆‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‹ƒ’‡‹†‡
…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ÁƒŽ–£Ǥ‡’”‡•—’—‡…£„‡‡ˆ‹…‹‹Ž‡‰”—’—Ž—‹†‡–”ƒ–ƒ‡–˜‘”ˆ‹ƒ‹ƒ”‹Ǥ

Gospodriile foarte srace —ƒ—’—–—–•£Ǧç‹’‡”‹–£ˆƒ…–—”‹†‡ƒ’£•—„˜‡ì‹‘ƒ–‡ç‹
•Ǧƒ— opus”‡ˆ‘”‡‹ȋ…‡‹’Ž‹…ƒ‘…”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ–ƒ”‹ˆ‡Ž‘”ȌÁ‘”ƒç‡Ž‡ˆ£”£–ƒ”‹ˆ‡†‡•’”‹Œ‹
’”‹ƒ……‡•‡ƒ—–‘”‹œƒ–Ǥ…‡•–‡ƒƒ—sprijinit ”‡ˆ‘”ƒÁ‘”ƒç‡…—–ƒ”‹ˆ‡†‡•’”‹Œ‹Ǥ—ƒ—
ˆ‘•–’—–‡”‹…‹ç‹ƒ—ƒ˜—–Žƒ†‹•’‘œ‹ì‹‡…ƒƒŽ‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‡’‡–”—‘’‘œ‹ì‹‡Ǥ

Grupurile etnice minoritareȋ‘ƒç‹‰‹’–‡‹‹Ȍ†‡•‡‘”‹—‡”ƒ—…‘‡…–ƒ–‡†‡‘ƒ”‡…‡
Ž‘…—‹ƒ— Á ƒˆƒ”ƒ”‡ì‡Ž‡‹†‡ ƒŽ‹‡–ƒ”‡ …— ƒ’£ ç‹ …ƒƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ǡ •ƒ— —Ǧç‹ ’—–‡ƒ— ’‡”‹–‡
’Žƒ–ƒˆƒ…–—”‹Ž‘”Á…‡–”‡Ž‡—”„ƒ‡†‡•‡”˜‹–‡Ǥ…‡ç–‹ƒƒ—sprijinit ”‡ˆ‘”ƒÁ‘”ƒç‡Ž‡…—
–ƒ”‹ˆ‡†‡•’”‹Œ‹ǡ†ƒ”•Ǧƒ—opusÁ‘”ƒç‡ˆ£”£ƒ•–ˆ‡Ž†‡–ƒ”‹ˆ‡’”‹ƒ……‡•‡ƒ—–‘”‹œƒ–Ǥ—
ƒ—ˆ‘•–’—–‡”‹…‹ç‹ƒ—ƒ˜—–Žƒ†‹•’‘œ‹ì‹‡…ƒƒŽ‡†‡‘’‘œ‹ì‹‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ

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Factori interesai afectai în mod negativ de ctre reform

–‡”œ‹…‡”‡ƒ ƒ……‡•—Ž—‹ ‡ƒ—–‘”‹œƒ– Žƒ …‘†—…–‡Ž‡ †‡ ƒ’£ ƒ ƒˆ‡…–ƒ– Á ‘† ‡‰ƒ–‹˜
•–ƒ†ƒ”†—Ž †‡ ˜‹ƒì£ ƒŽ utilizatorilor din gospodriile neautorizate †‡‘ƒ”‡…‡ ‹Ǧƒ
ˆ‘”샖 •£ …ƒ—–‡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡ ˆ—”‹œ‘”‹ǡ …ƒ †‡ ‡š‡’Ž—ǣ ˜Ÿœ£–‘”‹ ç‹ …Š‡Ž–—‹‡Ž‹
‰‘•’‘†£”‡ç–‹…”‡•…—–‡Ǥ

Firmele utilizatoare neautorizate …ƒ†‡‡š‡’Ž—•’£Ž£–‘”‹‹†‡ƒç‹‹•ƒ—•‘…‹‡–£ì‹
†‡ …‘•–”—…싇 …ƒ”‡ —–‹Ž‹œ‡ƒœ£ ƒ’ƒ ’‘–ƒ„‹Ž£ ’‡–”— ƒ…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ Ž‘” •Ǧƒ— …‘ˆ”—–ƒ– …—
‡š…Ž—†‡”‡ƒ †‡ Žƒ ƒ……‡•—Ž Žƒ ƒ’”‘˜‹œ‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ …— ƒ’£ ’”‹ †‡„”ƒçƒ”‡ƒ …‘‡š‹—‹Ž‘”
‹Ž‡‰ƒŽ‡ Žƒ ƒŽ‹‡–ƒ”‡ƒ …— ƒ’£ǡ ƒ‹ˆ‡•–Ÿ† ƒ•–ˆ‡Žǡ ‘ puternic opoziie ”‡ˆ‘”‡‹
•‡…–‘”—Ž—‹ †‡ ƒŽ‹‡–ƒ”‡ …— ƒ’£Ǥ — ƒ— ˆ‘•– ’—–‡”‹…‹ ç‹ ƒ— ƒ˜—– Žƒ †‹•’‘œ‹ì‹‡ …ƒƒŽ‡
Ž‹‹–ƒ–‡’‡–”—‘’‘œ‹ì‹‡

Factori interesai cu influen asupra reformei

Guvernul i utilitile de ap •—–ˆƒ…–‘”‹‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹•‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‹…—‹ˆŽ—‡ì£ƒ•—’”ƒ

”‡ˆ‘”‡‹Ǥ

Finanatorii internaionali au demonstrat susinere puternic ’‡–”— ’ƒ…Š‡–—Ž †‡
”‡ˆ‘”£ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”.

‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡ ƒ— …‘ˆ‹”ƒ– ˆƒ’–—Ž …£ ”‡ˆ‘”ƒ ƒ ’”‘‰”‡•ƒ– Á…‡–ǡ †‹ …ƒ—œƒǡ Á ’ƒ”–‡ ƒ
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘” ‹…‘’Ž‡–‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡ Žƒ ‘‹Ž‡ ”‘Ž—”‹ ç‹ ”‡•’‘•ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹ǡ ‹–‡”‡•‡
†‹˜‡”‰‡–‡ç‹‘’‘œ‹ì‹ƒ‰—˜‡”£”‹‹…‡–”ƒŽ‡Ǥ‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‡ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹ˆƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”‹–‡”‡•ƒì‹ƒ—
†‡–‡”‹ƒ– ’Žƒ—Ž ƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘” ˜‹‹–‘ƒ”‡ …‡ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ‹…Ž—•‡ •—„ ˆ‘”£ †‡ •—‰‡•–‹‹ Á
”ƒ’‘”–—Žˆ‹ƒŽǤ
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Cazul 6. Programul pentru Internet de band larg în colile din Irlanda
(Adaptat dup Raportul de evaluare al Programului pentru Internet de Band Larg în coli,
Departamentul pentru Educaie i tiin, Irlanda 2009)

De ce acest exemplu?
˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹’‡–”—–‡”‡–†‡„ƒ†£Žƒ”‰£Á煑Ž‹ƒ”ƒ–£‘’‘”–—‹–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡
ƒ ƒŒ—•–ƒ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒ †‡ †ƒ–‡ ç‹ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ …‘ˆ‘” –‹’—Ž—‹ ç‹ ”‡•—”•‡Ž‘” „—‰‡–ƒ”‡
†‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‡Ǥ‡‘ƒ”‡…‡•…‘’—Žƒ…‡•–‡‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹ƒˆ‘•–†‡ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ‡šƒ…–‹–ƒ–‡ƒȋ£•—”Ÿ†
‡ˆ‹…‹‡ìƒç‹‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒȌ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹†‡Ž‹˜”ƒ”‡ǡ狆‡ƒ•–ƒ„‹Ž‹DzŽ‡‰£–—”ƒ•Žƒ„£dz†‹…ƒ†”—Ž
ƒ…‡•–—‹ƒǡƒ…‡•–ƒ…‘•–‹–—‹‡—‡š‡’Ž—†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜£Ǥ

Informaii generale
B ʹͲͲͷǡ ‹‹•–‡”—Ž ‘—‹…ƒì‹‹Ž‘”ǡ ‡•—”•‡Ž‘” ƒ”‹‡ ç‹ ƒ–—”ƒŽ‡ ç‹ ‹‹•–‡”—Ž
’‡–”— †—…ƒì‹‡ ç‹ f–‹‹ì£ †‹ ”Žƒ†ƒ ƒ— ’‘”‹– — ’”‘‹‡…–ǡ …‡ ’”‡˜‡†‡ƒ …ƒ ˆ‹‡…ƒ”‡
煑ƒŽ£’”‹ƒ”£ç‹•‡…—†ƒ”£†‹샔£•£ˆ‹‡…‘‡…–ƒ–£Žƒ”‡ì‡ƒ—ƒ†‡‹–‡”‡–†‡„ƒ†£
Žƒ”‰£ ’Ÿ£ Žƒ ˆ‹‡Ž‡ ƒ—Ž—‹ ʹͲͲ͸Ǥ ‹‹•–‡”‡Ž‡ ƒ— ƒŽ‘…ƒ– Á’”‡—£ ͳͺ ‹Ž‹‘ƒ‡ —”‘
’‡–”— ‹•–ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ †‡ ‹–‡”‡– †‡ „ƒ†£ Žƒ”‰£ Á –‘ƒ–‡ …‡Ž‡ ͶǤͳͲͲ 煑Ž‹ ’”‹ƒ”‡ ç‹
•‡…—†ƒ”‡Ǥ ‡ ƒç–‡’–ƒ …ƒ ƒ…‡ƒ•–£ …‘‡…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ †‡ „ƒ†£ Žƒ”‰£ •£ ˆ—”‹œ‡œ‡ ˜‹–‡œ‡ †‡
†‡•…£”…ƒ”‡—Ž–ƒ‹”ƒ’‹†‡’‡–”—…‘ì‹—–—Ž‡†—…ƒì‹‘ƒŽǡ•£‘ˆ‡”‡—ƒ‹ƒ”‡ƒ……‡•
Žƒ ƒ’Ž‹…ƒì‹‹Ž‡ —Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ ç‹ •£ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡œ˜‘Ž–£”‹‹ —‡‹ ”‡ì‡Ž‡ …‡–”ƒŽ‡ †‡
‹–‡”‡– ’‡–”— 煑Ž‹ Á’”‡—£ …— Š‡Ž’†‡•Ǧ—”‹Ž‡ ƒ•‘…‹ƒ–‡ ’‡–”— •‹‰—”ƒì£ ç‹
•‡…—”‹–ƒ–‡Ǥ

”‘‰”ƒ—Ž ’‡–”— –‡”‡– †‡ ƒ†£ ƒ”‰£ Á f…‘Ž‹ …—’”‹†‡ –”‡‹ ‡Ž‡‡–‡ Ȃ ‘
Ž‡‰£–—”£ Ž‘…ƒŽ£ Žƒ 煑Ž‹ǡ ‘ ”‡ì‡ƒ ƒì‹‘ƒŽ£ †‡ „ƒ†£ Žƒ”‰£ ç‹ — ‹”‘— ƒì‹‘ƒŽ †‡
‡”˜‹…‡Ǥ‘‡…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ煑Ž‹Ž‘”Žƒ‹–‡”‡–‡•–‡ƒ•‹‰—”ƒ–£’”‹‹–‡”‡†‹—Ž—‡‹‡ì‡Ž‡
ƒì‹‘ƒŽ‡ †‡ ƒ†£ ƒ”‰£ǡ †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ–£ †‡ ‡–Ǥ ƒƒŽ‡Ž‡ ‡– …‘–”‘Ž‡ƒœ£
ƒ……‡•—ŽŽƒ„ƒ†£Žƒ”‰£ƒŽ煑Ž‹Ž‘”狈—”‹œ‡ƒœ£•‡”˜‹…‹‹‰‡•–‹‘ƒ–‡…‡–”ƒŽ’‡–”—煑Ž‹ǡ
…—ƒ”ˆ‹ǣ•‡…—”‹–ƒ–‡ǡˆ‹Ž–”ƒ”‡ƒ–‹Ǧ•’ƒǡƒ–‹Ǧ˜‹”—•ç‹†‡…‘ì‹—–Ǥ„‹”‘—†‡‡”˜‹…‡ƒ
ˆ‘•–Áˆ‹‹ìƒ–’‡–”—ƒƒ…ì‹‘ƒÁ…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡†‡‹–‡”ˆƒì£Á–”‡”‡ì‡ƒǡˆ—”‹œ‘”‹‹†‡•‡”˜‹…‹‹
ç‹ 煑Ž‹ Á ˆƒœƒ †‡ …‘‡…–ƒ”‡ ç‹ ’‡–”— ƒ ˆ—”‹œƒ 煑Ž‹Ž‘” •ˆƒ–—”‹ ç‹ ƒ•‹•–‡ì£ Á ‘†
…‘–‹——Ǥ

Întrebri de evaluare
„‹‡…–‹˜—Ž …Š‡‹‡ ƒŽ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ ƒ ˆ‘•– ƒ…‡Žƒ †‡ ƒ ˆ—”‹œƒ ‘ ƒƒŽ‹œ£ ‹†‡’‡†‡–£ ƒ
’”‘‰”‡•—Ž—‹ ç‹ †‡œ˜‘Ž–£”‹Ž‘” †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ ’Ÿ£ Žƒ †ƒ–ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ǡ ç‹ †‡
ƒ•‡‡‡ƒ ’‡ „ƒœƒ ƒ…‡•–‡‹ƒ •£ •‡ ˆƒ…£ ”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡ ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–‡ ’‡–”— ƒŒ—•–ƒ”‡ƒ
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ

˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž ƒ –”‡„—‹– •£ ‡˜ƒŽ—‡œ‡ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ìƒ ç‹ ‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–ƒ–‡ƒǡ …— ƒ……‡– •’‡…‹ƒŽ ƒ•—’”ƒ
‘”ƒ”—Ž—‹ǡ •—•ì‹‡”‹‹ …‘ˆ‘” 싐–‡Ž‘”ǡ ‰”ƒ†—Ž †‡ …‘’Ž‡–ƒ”‡ǡ ‡ˆ‹…‹‡ìƒ …‘•–—”‹Ž‘” ç‹
‰”ƒ†—Ž†‡ƒ†‡…˜ƒ”‡ˆƒì£†‡•…‘’ǡƒŽ‡—”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”‡Ž‡‡–‡ǣ
x †‹•’‘‹„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”†‡…‘‡…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ç‹”‘—–‡”Ǣ
x –‹’—Ž–‡Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡‹ȀŽ£”‰‹‹‹„‡œ‹‹ˆ—”‹œƒ–‡Ǣ
x Áˆ‹‹ìƒ”‡ç‹ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ‹”‘—Ž—‹ƒì‹‘ƒŽ†‡‡”˜‹…‡Ǣ
x ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒìƒˆ—”‹œ‘”‹Ž‘”†‡…‘‡…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡…‘–”ƒ…–ƒì‹Ǥ

ƒŽ–£•ƒ”…‹£ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”—Ž—‹ƒˆ‘•–†‡ƒƒ’”‡…‹ƒ‹’ƒ…–—Ž•…Š‹„£”‹Ž‘”…ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ƒ
ˆ—”‹œ£”‹‹…‘‡…–‹˜‹–£ì‹‹Á„ƒ†£Žƒ”‰£ç‹ƒˆƒ…‡”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹Ž‡”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡Ǥ
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Planificarea evalurii
‡‘ƒ”‡…‡‹‹•–‡”—Ž†—…ƒì‹‡‹ç‹f–‹‹ì‡‹ƒ†‘”‹–•£ƒ‹„£‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡‹†‡’‡†‡–£Á–”Ǧ
‘ ’‡”‹‘ƒ†£ †‡ –‹’ ”‡Žƒ–‹˜ •…—”–£ǡ •Ǧƒ †‡…‹• ‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ Á …ƒ†”—Ž —‡‹
Ž‹…‹–ƒì‹‹Ǥ

B Ž‹‹‹ ƒ”‹ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ –”‡„—‹ƒ •£ ƒ…‘’‡”‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ç‹ƒ‡ˆ‹…ƒ…‹–£ì‹‹’‡”…‡’—–‡ƒƒ…‡•–—‹ƒǤ‡˜‹œ—‹”‡ƒ•Ǧƒ…‘…‡–”ƒ–ƒ•—’”ƒƒ
’ƒ–”—ƒ”‹‹…Š‡‹‡ǣ
x ‡š’‡”‹‡ìƒ •‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘” †‡ „ƒ†£ Žƒ”‰£ Á 煑Ž‹Ž‡ ’”‹ƒ”‡ ç‹ •‡…—†ƒ”‡ ç‹
‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”ƒ‡š‹•–‡–£Á煑Ž‹Ǣ
x …‘‡…–‹˜‹–ƒ–‡ƒ †‡ „ƒ†£ Žƒ”‰£ǡ ƒ…Š‹œ‹ì‹‘ƒ”‡ƒ ç‹ ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒǡ ’”‘…‡•‡ ç‹
’”‘…‡†—”‹Ǣ
x ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ–‡Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡‹ç‹•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”Ǣ
x ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒˆ—…ì‹‘£”‹‹ç‹Á–”‡ì‹‡”‹‹Ǥ

‡–‘†‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘•– ƒŽ‡ƒ•£ ’‡–”— ƒ ’‡”‹–‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž—‹ †‡
•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…싇 ƒ 煑Ž‹Ž‘” ˆƒì£ †‡ •‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‡ †‡ „ƒ†£ Žƒ”‰£ ȋŽ‹˜”ƒ”‡ƒ •‡”˜‹…‹—Ž—‹ǡ Ž£”‰‹‡ƒ
„‡œ‹‹ǡ –‡Š‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ —–‹Ž‹œƒ–£Ȍǡ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ •‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘” ‹”‘—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡”˜‹…‡ǡ ‹’ƒ…–—Ž
•‡”˜‹…‹‹Ž‘”†‡„ƒ†£Žƒ”‰£ƒ•—’”ƒƒ…–‹˜‹–£ì‹Ž‘”ç‹‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‹‹煑Ž‹‹Ǥ‡–”—ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ
ƒ”‹‹Ž‡ †‡ ƒ‹ •—•ǡ ƒ ˆ‘•– •‡Ž‡…–ƒ–£ ‘ …‘„‹ƒì‹‡ †‡ ‡–‘†‡ …ƒ–‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ ç‹ …ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ
•‘†ƒŒ‡ç‹˜‹œ‹–‡ŽƒˆƒìƒŽ‘…—Ž—‹ȋ…‘„‹Ÿ†‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ç‹‡šƒ‹£”‹ŽƒˆƒìƒŽ‘…—Ž—‹ȌǤ

Colectarea datelor
‡–”—ƒ…‘Ž‡…–ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡‡…‡•ƒ”‡’‡–”—ƒ”£•’—†‡ŽƒÁ–”‡„£”‹Ž‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡†‡
ƒ‹ •—•ǡ ƒ ˆ‘•– ’Žƒ‹ˆ‹…ƒ– — •‘†ƒŒ ç‹ ˜‹œ‹–‡ Žƒ ˆƒìƒ Ž‘…—Ž—‹ ’‡–”— 煑Ž‹Ž‡ ’”‹ƒ”‡ ç‹
’‘•–Ǧ’”‹ƒ”‡Ǥ

‡–”— ƒ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž †‡ 煑Ž‹ ’‡–”— ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ǡ •Ǧƒ —–‹Ž‹œƒ– ‘ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ †‡
‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡ …— ƒ‹ —Ž–‡ ‡–ƒ’‡Ǥ  ‹’Ž‹…ƒ– …Ÿ–‡˜ƒ ‡–ƒ’‡ †‡ ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ ƒ —”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”
˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡’‡–”—…ƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‹Ž‡’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ǣ
x ‡–ƒ’£Ȃ‰”—’ƒ”‡ƒ煑Ž‹Ž‘”Áprimareç‹secundare;
x ƒǦƒ‡–ƒ’£ȂÁ…ƒ†”—Žƒ…‡•–‘”‰”—’—”‹ǡ‰”—’ƒ”‡ƒ煑Ž‹Ž‘”†—’££”‹‡ǣmariǡ
mediiç‹mici;
x ƒǦƒ‡–ƒ’£Ȃ…‘–‹—ƒ”‡ƒ‰”—’£”‹‹煑Ž‹Ž‘”Á…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‹Ž‡urbaneç‹rurale;
x ƒǦƒ‡–ƒ’£Ȃ‰”—’ƒ”‡ƒ煑Ž‹Ž‘”…‘ˆ‘”tehnologiilor majore de livrareǤ

ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–ƒŽ‡çƒ–‹‘£”‹‹ǡͷͻ†‡煑Ž‹…——”£–‘ƒ”‡Ž‡–‡Š‘Ž‘‰‹‹†‡Ž‹˜”ƒ”‡ƒ—ˆ‘•–
•‡Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ǣ

Tehnologie Numr coli
 ͳ͹
ƒ–‡Ž‹– ͳͻ
‹”‡Ž‡•• ʹ͵

— •Ǧƒ †‘”‹– …ƒ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž •£ ’”‘†—…£ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ •‡‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹˜‡ †‹ ’—…– †‡ ˜‡†‡”‡
•–ƒ–‹•–‹… Žƒ ‹˜‡Ž ÁƒŽ– †‡ Á…”‡†‡”‡ †‹ …ƒ—œƒ …‘•–—”‹Ž‘” ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡çƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡
ȋƒ˜Ÿ† Á ˜‡†‡”‡ „—‰‡–—Ž ç‹ ’”‡•‹—‡ƒ –‹’—Ž—‹ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒȌ ç‹
—Ž–‹’Ž‡Ž‡ ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‡ …ƒ”‡ †‡ˆ‹‡•… ’”‘ˆ‹Ž—Ž —‡‹ 煑Ž‹ ç‹ …ƒ”‡ ˆƒ… †‹ˆ‹…‹Ž ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡
†‡ˆ‹‹”‡ƒ——‹‡çƒ–‹‘—–‹Ž†‹’—…–†‡˜‡†‡”‡•–ƒ–‹•–‹…Ǥ

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„‘”†ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ†‘’–ƒ–£ ƒ ˆ‘•– ƒ…‡‡ƒ †‡ ƒ •‡Ž‡…–ƒ 煑Ž‹Ž‡ …‡ ƒ…‘’‡”£ †‹ˆ‡”‹–‡Ž‡ ’”‘ˆ‹Ž—”‹
煑Žƒ”‡ ȋ’‡–”— ƒ ”‡†—…‡ †‡˜‹ƒì‹ƒȌ ç‹ †‡ ƒ —–‹Ž‹œƒ — …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ” ç‹ ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”‹ …—
‡š’‡”‹‡ì£’‡–”—ƒ‡š–”ƒ‰‡†ƒ–‡Ž‡Á—”ƒ•‘†ƒŒ—Ž—‹Ǥ‘˜‡œ‹Ž‡”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡†‹•‘†ƒŒ
ƒ— ˆ‘•– Á†‡ƒŒ—• †‡ …‘•‹•–‡–‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ˆ—”‹œƒ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”‹ ’—–‡”‹…‹ Á …‡‡ƒ …‡
’”‹˜‡ç–‡ ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡Ž‡ ’”‘„Ž‡‡ǡ ‹ƒ” …”‡ç–‡”‡ƒ †‹‡•‹—‹‹ ‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹ ƒ” ’—–‡ƒ
Á‰—•–ƒƒ’Ž‹–—†‹‡ƒˆ£”£ƒ•…Š‹„ƒ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡…Š‡‹‡Ǥ

Ǧƒ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ– un sondaj ’”‹–”‹‹–‡”‡ƒ†‡…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡煑Ž‹Ž‘”†‹…ƒ†”—Ž‡çƒ–‹‘—Ž—‹
Áƒ‹–‡ …ƒ ‹–‡”˜‹—Ž •£ ƒ‹„£ Ž‘…Ǥ ‡•’‘†‡ì‹‹ ƒ— –”‡„—‹– •£ ”£•’—†£ Žƒ Á–”‡„£”‹
”‡ˆ‡”‹–‘ƒ”‡Žƒˆ—”‹œƒ”‡ƒ†‡•‡”˜‹…‹‹ç‹•£’—…–‡œ‡ƒ”‹‹•’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡ƒŽ‡‡š’‡”‹‡ì‡‹’”‘’”‹‹
Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡•‡”˜‹…‹—ŽÁ„ƒ†£Žƒ”‰£Ž‹˜”ƒ–煑Ž‹‹Ǥ

— ˆ‘•– ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‡ vizite pe teren Á –‘ƒ–‡ 煑Ž‹Ž‡ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ–‡ Žƒ •‘†ƒŒǡ ‹’Ž‹…Ÿ†
interviuriç‹inspecii la faa locului.‡•’‘†‡–—ŽǡÁ…ƒœ—Ž‹–‡”˜‹—Ž—‹ǡ‡”ƒǡ†‡‘„‹…‡‹ǡ
†‹”‡…–‘”—Ž煑Ž‹‹ç‹ǡ—‡‘”‹ǡ’”‘ˆ‡•‘”—Ž…‡Žƒ‹‹’Ž‹…ƒ–Á‡†‹—ŽƒŽ煑Ž‹‹ǤB–‹’—Ž
‹–‡”˜‹—”‹Ž‘”ƒ—ˆ‘•–…Žƒ”‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡‡š’‡”‹‡ì‡Ž‡煑Ž‹Ž‘”…—ˆ—”‹œƒ”‡†‡•‡”˜‹…‹‹Á„ƒ†£
Žƒ”‰£ǡ’”‘„Ž‡‡Ž‡Á–Ÿ’‹ƒ–‡ç‹ƒ…ì‹—‹Ž‡†‡—”£”‹”‡ƒŽ‡ƒ•’‡…–‡Ž‘””£ƒ•‡Á—”ƒ
ƒƒŽ‹œ‡‹…Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”Ǥ

B–‹’—Ž‹•’‡…ì‹‹Ž‘”ŽƒˆƒìƒŽ‘…—Ž—‹ƒˆ‘•–‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‰”ƒ†—Ž†‡ƒ†‡…˜ƒ”‡ƒŽˆ‹‡…£”‡‹”‡ì‡Ž‡
煑Žƒ”‡’‡–”—ƒ•—’Ž‹‡–ƒƒ……‡•—ŽÁ„ƒ†£Žƒ”‰£ˆ—”‹œƒ–ç‹ •’”‹Œ‹—Ž†‹•’‘‹„‹ŽÁ
…‡‡ƒ …‡ ’”‹˜‡ç–‡ Á–”‡‰—Ž ‡†‹—  †‹ 煑ƒŽ£Ǥ …‡•– ’”‘…‡• †‡ ”‡˜‹œ—‹”‡ — ƒ
”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ– — ƒ—†‹– Žƒ •…ƒ”£ Á–”‡ƒ‰£ ƒ ”‡ì‡Ž‡‹Ǥ ’‹‹ƒ ˆ‘”ƒ–£ •Ǧƒ „ƒœƒ– ’‡ •‹’Ž‡
‹•’‡…ì‹‹ ˜‹œ—ƒŽ‡ ƒŽ‡ …‘’‘‡–‡Ž‘” ”‡ì‡Ž‡‹ǡ †—Žƒ’—”‹Ž‘”ǡ …ƒ„Žƒ”‡  ç‹  ’‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
”‡ì‡Ž‡‹†‡ƒ’”‘ˆ‹–ƒŽƒƒš‹—†‡•‡”˜‹…‹—ŽÁ„ƒ†£Žƒ”‰£ç‹†‡Ž‹˜”ƒ”‡ƒ†‡Á…”‡†‡”‡
ƒ ƒ’Ž‹…ƒì‹‹Ž‘” ’‡–”— ƒ…‡•–ƒǤ –‡ì‹ƒ — ƒ ˆ‘•– †‡ ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ ‘ ƒ—‡ 煑ƒŽ£ •ƒ—
”‡ì‡ƒ—ƒ•ƒ‹–‡”£Ǥ‡–”—ƒ‹Ž—•–”ƒ‡š‹•–‡ìƒƒ—‹–‘”ƒ•’‡…–‡ǡ•Ǧƒ—’—•Žƒ†‹•’‘œ‹ì‹‡
ˆ‘–‘‰”ƒˆ‹‹Ǥ

Analiza datelor
ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‡ …‘Ž‡…–ƒ–‡ Á –‹’—Ž •‘†ƒŒ—Ž—‹ ç‹ ˜‹œ‹–‡Ž‘” Žƒ ˆƒìƒ Ž‘…—Ž—‹ ȋ‹–‡”˜‹—”‹ ç‹
‹•’‡…ì‹‹ ’‡ –‡”‡Ȍ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ƒƒŽ‹œƒ–‡ —–‹Ž‹œŸ† ƒƒŽ‹œƒ †‡ …‘ì‹—–Ǥ ‡ „ƒœƒ
…‘•–ƒ–£”‹Ž‘”ǡ ƒ— ˆ‘•– ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‡ …‘…Ž—œ‹‹Ž‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡ ç‹ ‹’ƒ…–—”‹Ž‡ ƒ•—’”ƒ
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹Ǥ
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Concluzii

–ƒ’ƒ †‡ ‘‹–‘”‹œƒ”‡ ç‹ ƒ‹ ƒŽ‡• †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”£ ‡šǦ’‘•– ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”
’—„Ž‹…‡ ‡•–‡ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ ‡–ƒ’ƒ …‡Ž ƒ‹ ’—싐 †‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ–£ †‹ …ƒ†”—Ž ’”ƒ…–‹…‹Ž‘” ’”‹˜‹†
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‡’—„Ž‹…‡ǡ—Á—Ž–‹—Ž”Ÿ††‡‘ƒ”‡…‡‡•–‡—Ž–‹ƒ‡–ƒ’£†‹…‹…Ž—Ž—‡‹’‘Ž‹–‹…‹
’—„Ž‹…‡Ǥ B 죔‹Ž‡ —†‡ ‡š‹•–£ ’”‘…‡•‡ †‡ ”‡ˆ‘”£ ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘” ’—„Ž‹…‡ ƒ†‡•‡ƒ
ˆ‘…ƒŽ‹œƒ”‡ƒ‡•–‡ƒ•—’”ƒ‡–ƒ’‡‹†‡†‡œ˜‘Ž–ƒ”‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹…‹‹ç‹‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹‡šǦƒ–‡Ǥ…‘’—”‹Ž‡ç‹
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‡ ’‘œ‹–‹˜‡ ƒŽ‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘” ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ”‡ ç‹ ‡šǦ’‘•– •—– ˆ‘ƒ”–‡ †‡•
•—„‡•–‹ƒ–‡Ǥ

…‡•– ƒ—ƒŽ •‡”˜‡ç–‡ †”‡’– …ƒ†”— Á …ƒ”‡ •‡ †‡•ˆ£ç‘ƒ”£ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ƒ
’‘Ž‹–‹…‹Ž‘”’—„Ž‹…‡Ǥ”‘…‡•—Žǡ‡–‘†‡Ž‡ç‹‹•–”—‡–‡Ž‡†‡•…”‹•‡Áƒ…‡•–ƒ—ƒŽ•—–
ˆ‘Ž‘•‹–‡ ’‡ Žƒ”‰ Á —Ž–‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒì‹‹ ç‹ 죔‹ †‹ Á–”‡ƒ‰ƒ Ž—‡ǡ †ƒ” ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ”‡ƒ ƒ…‡•–‘”ƒ
’‘ƒ–‡‡…‡•‹–ƒ…—‘ç–‹ì‡ǡƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹ç‹—‡‘”‹ƒ•‹•–‡ì£‡š–‡”£ƒ‹•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡Ǥ‹˜‡Ž—Ž
†‡…—‘ç–‹ì‡ç‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹‡…‡•ƒ”’‡–”—ƒ†‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹†‡’‹†‡†‡•…‘’—”‹Ž‡ç‹
Ž‘…—Ž‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹ȋ‹–‡”£•ƒ—‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ–£ȌǤ

B …ƒ†”—Ž ’”‘…‡•—Ž—‹ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ˜ƒ ‡š‹•–ƒ Á–‘–†‡ƒ—ƒ — ”‘Ž ‹’‘”–ƒ– ƒ–”‹„—‹–
ˆ—…ì‹‘ƒ”‹Ž‘” ’—„Ž‹…‹ ç‹ •–”—…–—”‹Ž‘” †‡ …‘†—…‡”‡Ǥ ƒ…–‘”‹‹ †‡…‹œ‹‘ƒŽ‹ ç‹ ƒƒ‰‡”‹‹
•‡‹‘”‹ ’‘– •‘Ž‹…‹–ƒ ç‹ ’‘– …‘†—…‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ƒǤ ƒƒ‰‡”‹‹ †‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ ç‹ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž
‹’Ž‹…ƒ– ’‘– †‡•ˆ£ç—”ƒ ’”‘…‡•—Ž †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ‡‹ Áç‹ç‹ •ƒ— ’‘– Ž—…”ƒ Á ‡…Š‹’‡ †‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ’‡–”— ƒ ‘„싐‡ …‡Ž‡ ƒ‹ „—‡ ”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡ ’”‹ …‘„‹ƒ”‡ƒ …—‘ç–‹ì‡Ž‘” ç‹
‹ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹Ž‘”Ž‘”’”‹˜‹†’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ…—ƒ„‹Ž‹–£ì‹Ž‡ç‹‡š’‡”–‹œƒ•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–£ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”
‡š–‡”‹Ǥ

—–‘”‹‹ ’”‡œ‡–—Ž—‹ ƒ—ƒŽ …‘•‹†‡”£ …£ ƒ…‡•–ƒ •‡”˜‡ç–‡ ——‹ †—„Ž— •…‘’Ǥ ƒ
”‡’”‡œ‡–ƒ„ƒœƒç‹’—…–—Ž†‡’‘”‹”‡’‡–”—‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‡‹–‡”‡Žƒ‘•…ƒ”£ƒ‹”‡†—•£
ç‹ǡ Á ƒ…‡Žƒç‹ –‹’ǡ ˜ƒ ˆ—”‹œƒ …ƒ†”—Ž Á „ƒœƒ …£”—‹ƒ ƒƒ‰‡”‹‹ ç‹ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ—Ž
’”‘‰”ƒ—Ž—‹ Áç‹ ˜‘” ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ ”‘Ž—”‹Ž‡ ç‹ •ƒ”…‹‹Ž‡ †‡ Ž—…”— Á …‘†‹ì‹‹Ž‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹Ž‘”
‡š–‡”ƒŽ‹œƒ–‡Ǥ …‡ç–‹ƒ ˜‘” 疋 …— •£ ‹–‡”ƒ…ì‹‘‡œ‡ …— ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹ ‡š–‡”‹ …ƒ”‡ Á‹
•’”‹Œ‹£Á’”‘…‡•—Ž†‡•‡Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒƒ„‘”†£”‹‹†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ç‹˜‘”’—–‡ƒŒ—†‡…ƒ…ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‡ƒ
”‡œ—Ž–ƒ–‡Ž‘”ˆ—”‹œƒ–‡†‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”‹‹‡š–‡”‹Ǥ

—–‘”‹‹ …‘•‹†‡”£ …£ ƒ…‡•– ƒ—ƒŽ ˜ƒ …”‡ç–‡ ‹˜‡Ž—Ž †‡ ‹–‡”‡• ƒŽ ƒ…‡Ž‘” …‹–‹–‘”‹ …ƒ”‡
•—– ’‡ …ƒŽ‡ †‡ ƒ •‡ ƒ‰ƒŒƒ Á ’”‘…‡•‡ †‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡ ç‹ ˜ƒ ˆ—”‹œƒ ‘ ƒ„‘”†ƒ”‡ —‹–ƒ”£
’‡–”—’‡”•‘ƒ‡Ž‡…ƒ”‡ƒ—†‡Œƒ‡š’‡”‹‡ì£Áƒ…‡•–†‘‡‹—Ǥ
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ANEXE

 140


Anexa 1 –Descrierea procesului de colectare a datelor

PoliticaȂ‹–‡‰”ƒ”‡ƒ•‘…‹ƒŽ£ƒȋˆ‘ç–‹Ž‘”Ȍȋ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ȍ
Obiectivul‡˜ƒŽ—£”‹‹‡•–‡†‡ƒƒƒŽ‹œƒ‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹Ž‡ǡ’”ƒ…–‹…‹Ž‡ç‹‡˜‘‹Ž‡‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”Á…‡‡ƒ…‡’”‹˜‡ç–‡ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘ˆ‡•‹‘ƒŽ£ǡ‘…—’ƒ”‡ƒ
——‹Ž‘…†‡—…£ç‹‹–‡‰”ƒ”‡ƒ•‘…‹ƒŽ£
Întrebri de Informaia necesar Cine o poate furniza? Surse de informaii Cine / când Riscuri Pregtiri
evaluare /metode de prealabile
colectare a datelor
ͳǤƒŽ‹œƒì‹ †‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒì‹ ‹‹•–‡”—Ž
—•–‹ì‹‡‹Ǣ ‡”…‡–ƒ”‡†‡„‹”‘—Ǣ ‡„”‹‹ ……‡•—ŽŽƒ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹‡•–‡ —–‘”‹œƒ”‡†‡Žƒ
‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹Ž‡ç‹‡˜‘‹Ž‡ ‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹Ž‡†‡ ‹‹•–‡”—Ž†—…ƒì‹‡‹Ǣ …Š‡–ƒƒ•—’”ƒ ‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡ Ž‹‹–ƒ–Ǣ ‹‹•–‡”—Ž†‡
—•–‹ì‹‡
‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”…—’”‹˜‹”‡ ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ˆ—”‹œƒ–‡ ‹‹•–‡”—Ž—…‹‹Ǣ ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”Ǣ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǣ ‹’•ƒ†‘”‹ì‡‹ ’‡–”—ƒ‘„싐‡ƒ……‡•
Žƒˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”Ǣ •–‹–—ì‹‹Ž‡†‡ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ –‡”˜‹—”‹…—‘ˆ‹…‹ƒŽ‹ ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘” ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”†‡ƒ Žƒ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ǣ
’”‘ˆ‡•‹‘ƒŽ£ç‹ˆ—”‹œƒì‹ ‡–‡”‹ƒì‹…ƒ”‡‡•–‡ ’”‘ˆ‡•‹‘ƒŽ£Ǣ †‹‹‹•–‡”‡ǡ ‡š–‡” ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒŽƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǣ ”‡‰£–‹”‡ƒ
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹’‡–”—ƒ ‡˜‘‹ƒ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ ‰‡ì‹‹Ž‡†‡‘…—’ƒ”‡ƒ Á…Š‹•‘”‹ç‹…‡–”‡†‡ •‡Ž‡…싃‹ƒ†‡…˜ƒ–£ƒ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”Ǣ
Á„—£–£ì‹•‹–—ƒì‹ƒ ’”‘ˆ‡•‹‘ƒŽ£ƒƒ…‡•–‘”ƒǢ ˆ‘”쇋†‡—…£Ǣ ˆ‘”ƒ”‡Ǣ ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒì‹Ž‘” ‡Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒç‹ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ
‡˜‘‹Ž‡’‹‡ì‡‹—…‹‹ȋÁ B…Š‹•‘”‹Ǣ –‡”˜‹—”‹…— ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”—Ž—‹
”‡Žƒì‹‡…—ˆ‘ç–‹‹†‡ì‹—ì‹Ȍ ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹ ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ǣ 
‹œ‹–‡ÁÁ…Š‹•‘”‹ 
ʹǤƒŽ‹œƒì‹’”ƒ…–‹…‹Ž‡ǡ ˆ‘”ƒì‹‹’”‹˜‹† ‹‹•–‡”—Ž—…‹‹Ǣ ‡”…‡–ƒ”‡†‡„‹”‘—Ǣ ‡„”‹‹ ……‡•—ŽŽƒ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ǣ —–‘”‹œƒ”‡’‡–”—ƒ
‘’‘”–—‹–£ì‹Ž‡ç‹ •‹–—ƒì‹ƒ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”…— ‹‹•–‡”—Ž†‡ ‹ƒì‡Ǣ …Š‡–ƒƒ•—’”ƒ ‡…Š‹’‡‹†‡ ‡•…‘’‡”‹”‡ƒˆ‘ç–‹Ž‘” ‘„싐‡ƒ……‡•Žƒ
„ƒ”‹‡”‡Ž‡Á–ŸŽ‹–‡Žƒ ’”‹˜‹”‡ŽƒŽ‘…—”‹Ž‡†‡ ‰‡ì‹‹Ž‡†‡‘…—’ƒ”‡ƒ ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ž‘”ǡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ”‡Ǣ †‡ì‹—ì‹ ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ǣ”‡‰£–‹”‡ƒ
ƒ‰ƒŒƒ”‡ƒŽ‡ˆ‘ç–‹Ž‘” —…£Ǣ’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–£ì‹ç‹ ˆ‘”쇋†‡—…£Ǣ ƒ‰ƒŒƒ–‘”‹Ž‘”ǡ ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘” ‹–‡‰”ƒì‹Ȁ‡‹–‡‰”ƒì‹’‡ …Š‡•–‹‘ƒ”‡Ž‘”Ǣ
‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹ç‹ˆ—”‹œƒì‹ „ƒ”‹‡”‡Á–ŸŽ‹–‡†‡ ’ƒ–”‘ƒ–‡Ǣƒ‰ƒŒƒ–‘”‹Ǣ …‡–”‡Ž‘”†‡Ž‘…—”‹†‡ ‡š–‡” ’‹ƒìƒ—…‹‹Ǣ ‡Ž‡…–ƒ”‡ƒç‹ˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ
”‡…‘ƒ†£”‹’‡–”—ƒ ƒ…‡ç–‹ƒŽƒƒ‰ƒŒƒ”‡Ǣ ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹ȋ‹…Ž—•‹˜ —…£Ǣ ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹‹ç‹ˆ‘ç–‹‹ ‹–‡”˜‹‡˜ƒ–‘”—Ž—‹
Á„—£–£ì‹•‹–—ƒì‹ƒ •–‹—Ž‡–‡’‡–”—
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‘…—’£”‹‹ˆ‘”쇋†‡
—…£
 141

͵ǤƒŽ‹œƒì‹ ’‘”–—‹–£ì‹’‡–”— ‹‹•–‡”—Ž
—•–‹ì‹‡‹Ǣ ‡”…‡–ƒ”‡†‡„‹”‘—Ǣ ‡„”‹‹ ……‡•—ŽŽƒ‹ˆ”ƒ…–‘”‹Ǣ ”‡‰£–‹”‡ƒ
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†‡ì‹—ì‹

 142


Anexa 2 – Determinarea volumului eantionului aleator

(Nivel de încredere 95%; Marj de eroare + sau - 5%)

N- populaie
S - eantion

N S N S N S
ͳͲ  ͳͲ  ʹʹͲ  ͳͶͲ  ͳǡʹͲͲ  ʹͻͳ
ͳͷ  ͳͶ  ʹ͵Ͳ  ͳͶͶ  ͳǡ͵ͲͲ  ʹͻ͹
ʹͲ  ͳͻ  ʹͶͲ  ͳͶͺ  ͳǡͶͲͲ  ͵Ͳʹ
ʹͷ  ʹͶ  ʹͷͲ  ͳͷʹ  ͳǡͷͲͲ  ͵Ͳͺ
͵Ͳ  ʹͺ  ʹ͸Ͳ  ͳͷͷ  ͳǡ͸ͲͲ  ͵ͳͲ
͵ͷ  ͵ʹ  ʹ͹Ͳ  ͳͷͻ  ͳǡ͹ͲͲ  ͵ͳ͵
ͶͲ  ͵͸  ʹͺͲ  ͳ͸ʹ  ͳǡͺͲͲ  ͵ͳ͹
Ͷͷ  ͶͲ  ʹͻͲ  ͳ͸ͷ  ͳǡͻͲͲ  ͵ʹͲ
ͷͲ  ͶͶ  ͵ͲͲ  ͳ͸ͻ  ʹǡͲͲͲ  ͵ʹʹ
ͷͷ  Ͷͺ  ͵ʹͲ  ͳ͹ͷ  ʹǡʹͲͲ  ͵ʹ͹
͸Ͳ  ͷʹ  ͵ͶͲ  ͳͺͳ  ʹǡͶͲͲ  ͵͵ͳ
͸ͷ  ͷ͸  ͵͸Ͳ  ͳͺ͸  ʹǡ͸ͲͲ  ͵͵ͷ
͹Ͳ  ͷͻ  ͵ͺͲ  ͳͻͳ  ʹǡͺͲͲ  ͵͵ͺ
͹ͷ  ͸͵  ͶͲͲ  ͳͻ͸  ͵ǡͲͲͲ  ͵Ͷͳ
ͺͲ  ͸͸  ͶʹͲ  ʹͲͳ  ͵ǡͷͲͲ  ͵Ͷ͸
ͺͷ  ͹Ͳ  ͶͶͲ  ʹͲͷ  ͶǡͲͲͲ  ͵ͷͳ
ͻͲ  ͹͵  Ͷ͸Ͳ  ʹͳͲ  ͶǡͷͲͲ  ͵ͷͶ
ͻͷ  ͹͸  ͶͺͲ  ʹͳͶ  ͷǡͲͲͲ  ͵ͷ͹
ͳͲͲ  ͺͲ  ͷͲͲ  ʹͳ͹  ͸ǡͲͲͲ  ͵͸ͳ
ͳͳͲ  ͺ͸  ͷͷͲ  ʹʹ͸  ͹ǡͲͲͲ  ͵͸Ͷ
ͳʹͲ  ͻʹ  ͸ͲͲ  ʹ͵Ͷ  ͺǡͲͲͲ  ͵͸͹
ͳ͵Ͳ  ͻ͹  ͸ͷͲ  ʹͶʹ  ͻǡͲͲͲ  ͵͸ͺ
ͳͶͲ  ͳͲ͵  ͹ͲͲ  ʹͶͺ  ͳͲǡͲͲͲ ͵͹Ͳ
ͳͷͲ  ͳͲͺ  ͹ͷͲ  ʹͷͶ  ͳͷǡͲͲͲ ͵͹ͷ
ͳ͸Ͳ  ͳͳ͵  ͺͲͲ  ʹ͸Ͳ  ʹͲǡͲͲͲ ͵͹͹
ͳ͹Ͳ  ͳͳͺ  ͺͷͲ  ʹ͸ͷ  ͵ͲǡͲͲͲ ͵͹ͻ
ͳͺͲ  ͳʹ͵  ͻͲͲ  ʹ͸ͻ  ͶͲǡͲͲͲ ͵ͺͲ
ͳͻͲ  ͳʹ͹  ͻͷͲ  ʹ͹Ͷ  ͷͲǡͲͲͲ ͵ͺͳ
ʹͲͲ  ͳ͵ʹ  ͳǡͲͲͲ  ʹ͹ͺ  ͹ͷǡͲͲͲ ͵ͺʹ
ʹͳͲ  ͳ͵͸  ͳǡͳͲͲ  ʹͺͷ  ͳͲͲǡͲͲͲ 384
ͳǡͲͲͲǡͲͲͲ 384
ͳͲǡͲͲͲǡͲͲͲ 384

Surs: †ƒ’–ƒ–†—’£†—…ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–
ƒ˜‹†ƒ›‡Ǣ‘„‡”– …‘””‹•ͳͻ͸͹ǡƒŽ–Šƒǡƒ••ǤǡŽƒ‹•†‡ŽŽ—„Ǥ‘Ǥ
 143


Anexa 3 – Implementarea recomandrilor de evaluare

‘Ž‹–‹…ƒ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–£Ȃ‹‰”ƒì‹ƒˆ‘”쇋†‡—…£
Recomandarea de Jalon/Activitate Responsabil Termen Instituionalizat
evaluare limit în:
Analizai trei Întocmirea Minister lider: octombrie Planul anual de
alternative: propunerii de Ministerul 2009 afaceri, planul
- scderea politic public Muncii: individual,
fenomenulu inclusiv a Ministerul planul strategic
i emigraiei analizei Economiei,
- dezvoltarea opiunilor de Finanelor,
regiunilor politic propuse Educaiei,
- promovarea Dezvoltrii
imigrrii în Regionale,
anumite arii Internelor
Întocmirea HG Minister În termen Documente de
(dac e nevoie) lider:Ministerul de 2 luni politic, planul
pe baza Muncii: dup anual de
rezultatelor Ministerul luarea activiti, planul
discuiilor legate Economiei, deciziei individual,
de politic Finanelor, referitoare planul strategic
Educaiei, la politic
Dezvoltrii
Regionale,
Internelor
Revizuirea Conform HG Începând Procesul de
planului strategic cu 2010 planificare
de costuri strategic
Publicarea unui Înfiinarea unui Ministerul Iulie 2009 Planul strategic
buletin de GL pentru a Muncii de activiti,
informare pentru decide asupra planul de afaceri
emigrani coninutului, instituional i
publicrii i individual
distribuirii
buletinului
Întocmirea unei Grupul de lucru Final 2009 Planul de
propuneri pentru activiti
buletin i strategice, planul
efectuarea individual
aranjamentelor
de publicare
Revizuirea Ministerul Procesul de
planului strategic Muncii planificare
de costuri strategic
Distribuirea Ministerele: Martie Planul anual de
buletinului Muncii, 2010 afaceri sau
Afacerilor planul individual
Externe

 144

 145


Referine
Cri i articole tiinifice

ͳǤ ƒ„‡”‰‡”ǡ Ǥǡ —‰Šǡ Ǥǡ ƒ„”›ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ ‡ƒŽ ‘”Ž† ˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘”‹‰
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‡ƒ•—”‡‡–Ǥǣ
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ͶǤ ‘••‹ ‡–‡” Ǥǡ ‹’•‡›ǡ ƒ” Ǥǡ ”‡‡ƒ ‘™ƒ”† Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ  ˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ǣ 
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 146

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“Introduction to Program Evaluation for Comprehensive Tabacco Control Programs”
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manual de
monitorizare şi evaluare
a politicilor publice

ISBN
978-973-1846-22-4