Revision Notes Cells 2.

1
2.1.1
Cells are the smallest units of life
all organisms contains cells
all cells comes from pre existing cells.

2.1.2
Microscopes
structures

discover of viruses – non cellular particles

biochemical investigations of organelles

Pasteur
observations of cells at division - mitosis

2.1.3
metabolism
growth
reproduction
response
homeostasis
nutrition

2.1.4
cells 100 micrometer
organelles 10 micrometer
bacteria 1 micrometer

viruses 100 nano

membranes 10 nano
molecules 1 nano

2.1.5
size of image dived by size of specimen

2.1.6
more surface area than volume. Infoldings and outfoldings!

longer path to core for exchange material otherwise.

Larger animals have more cells rather than bigger cells

2.1.7 and 2.1.8

the ability of reproducing
→ possibility of growth.
→ replacement of dead cells.

cells differentiate to become a specific cell due to DNA activation.

After their differentiate some cells lose the ability to reproduce

epithelial cells and skin cells → retain reproduction ability

2.1.9
stem cells retain the ability to divide and differentiate into other cells.

2.1.10
Parkinson
Alzheimer

due to loss of brain cells,

replace damaged cells with stem cells