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4
Op. cit., pg.35-40
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5
Idem, pg.40-50
pe alocuri celor subcarpatice, b) în interior o zona de podiú 3RGLúXO 7UDQVLOYDQLHL XQGH
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geologica, în aceasta regiune întâlnindu-se o mai mare varietate de roci (argile, nisipuri, gresii,
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3RGLúXO0ROGRYHLVHvQWLQGHSkQ OD1LFRUHúWL -Târgu Bujor.
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6
Idem, pg.50-53
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anume: elementele specifice EuURSHL &HQWUDOH S GXULOH GH IDJ DOH (XURSHL 5 V ULWHQH VWHSHOH
FX JUDPLQHH HOHPHQWH PHULGLRQDOH FDVWDQXO FRPHVWLELO F USLQL D PRMGUHDQXO úD HOHPHQWH
GLQ LQXWXULOH VXEFDUSDWLFHFRQLIHUHOH PROLGXO LQ VSHFLDO SUHFXP VL HOHPHQWH EDOFDQLFHFkWHY a
VSHFLLGHVWHMDUJkUQL HWF6HvQWkOQHVFGHDVHPHQHDXQHOHUHOLFWHHQGHPLVPHGLQYUHPXULOH
'DWRULWD FRQGL LLORU ORFDOH GH UHOLHI FOLPD VRO úL DSD IUHDWLFD vQ FXSULQVXO XQRU ]RQH GH
YHJHWD LH SRW DS UHD DVRFLD LL GLIHULWH GH FHOH DOH DOWLWXGLQLL UHVSHFWLYHDVRFLD LL D]RQDOH
3ULQFLSDOHOH]RQHGHYHJHWD LHVXQW
GH]YROWDUHD YHJHWD LHL OHPQRDVH ÌQ DUD QRDVWU VWHSHOH DX IRVW WUDQVIRUPDWH vQF GLQ VHFROXO
S LXúXO SLUXO FUHVWDW QHJDUD SHOLQL D HWF &ROLOLD SODQWD VSHF ifica stepelor din estul
FRQWLQHQWXOXL vúL DUH OLPLWD YHVWLF SH WHULWRULXO ULL QRDVWUH 6H vQWkOQHVF úL FkWHYD VSHFLL
11
Bran, Florina (1998), (FRORJLHJHQHUDO úLSURWHF LDPHGLXOXL Ed. $6(%XFXUHúWLSJ-115.
DS UXW vQ FXSULQVXO DFHVWRUD PXO L DUERUL GH S GXUH úL SRPL IUXFWLIHUL FDUH FUHVF ELQH 'HVWXO GH
IUHFYHQWDSDUFKLDUPLFLSkOFXULGHS GXUH
b. Zona silvostepei IDFH WUHFHUHD GH OD VWHSD OD ]RQD IRUHVWLHU SULQWU-un amestec de
YHJHWD LH LHUERDVD úL OHPQRDVD ÌQ OLQLL PDUL VLOYRVWHSD HVWH O
ocalizata în câmpie, dar pe alocuri
S WUXQGH úL vQ SDUWHD LQIHULRDUD D GHDOXULORU FD GH SLOGD SH GHDOXULOH MRDVH DOH %X] XOXL DOH
'REURJHL DOH FHORU GLQ VXGXO 0ROGRYHL úL GLQ &kPSLD -LMLHL 0ROGRYHL &HD PDL FDUDFWHULVWLFD
YHJHWD LH GH VLOYRVWHSD VH vQWkOQHúWH vQ &kPSLD 5RPkQ vQ ED]LQXO 0RVWLúWHL vQWUH VSHFLLOH
VXQWDFHOHDúLSHFDUHOHvQWkOQLPvQ]RQDVWHSHLGDUVLOYRVWHSDDVXIHULWSURIXQGHWUDQVIRUP ULSULQ
DUH OLPLWD LQIHULRDUD SkQ OD DOWLWXGLQL GH P SH PXQWH FDUH PDUFKHD] OLPLWD
-
VXSHULRDUD 2GDW FX FUHúWHUHD DOWLWXGLQLL úL VFKLPEDUHD FRQGL LLORU FOLPDWLFH VH PRGLILFD úL
FRPSRQHQWD S GXULL 8QHOH VSHFLL IRUHVWLHUH XUFD OD R DQXPLWD vQ O LPH FHGkQG PDL VXV ORFXO
DOWRUD =RQD S GXULL VH VXEvPSDUWH DVWIHO SH YHUWLFDOD vQ WUHL HWDMH DO VWHMDUXOXL DO IDJXOXL úL DO
coniferelor.
Subzona stejarului VH vQWLQGH DSUR[LPDWLY vQWUH úL P XUFkQG FkWHRGDW úL OD
altitudini mai mari. Dintre speciile de stejari, îndeosebi gorunul urca în altitudine chiar la peste
PvQ6XEFDUSD LVDXFKLDUvQPXQ LSHYHUVDQ LLORUvQVRUL LGHH[HPSOXSH0XQWHOH&R]LD
$FHDVWD VXE]RQ VH vQWLQGH FD XQ EUkX vQJXVW OD SRDOHOH 0XQ LORU $SXVHQL R SDUWH GLQ 3RGLúXO
7UDQVLOYDQLHL 3RGLúXO *HWLF SDUWHD FHQWUDOD D &DSLHL 5RPkQH VXGXO 0ROGRYHL úL QRUGXO
Dobrogei. În aceastD VXE]RQ SUHGRPLQD VSHFLLOH GH VWHMDU GLQ FDUH FHO PDL U VSkQGLW HVWH
JRUXQXO DSRL VWHMDUXO SHGXQFXODW FHUXO JkUQL D HWF ÌQ DVRFLD LH FX VWHMDUXO FUHVF úL DOWH VSHFLL
FD XOPXO FDUSHQXO IUDVLQXO WHLXO úL FKLDU IDJXO FDUH FRERDU FkWHRGDW GLQ HW ajul imediat
VXSHULRU ÌQ DIDUD HOHPHQWHORU DUERUHVFHQWH VH PDL vQWkOQHVF XQLL DUEXúWL FXP VXQW DOXQXO
GH IDJ RFXSD vQ O LPLOH GLQWUH P ÌQ DPHVWHF FX FRQLIHUHOH XQHRUL FKLDU vQ I JHWH SXUH
-
XUFD SkQ OD P DOWLWXGLQH 3 GXULOH GH IDJ FHOH PDL vQWLQVH VH vQWkOQHVF vQ 6XEFDUSD L vQ
PoGLúXO6XFHYHLvQFkWHYDSHWHFHSHGHDOXULOHvQDOWHGLQ3RGLúXO&HQWUDO0ROGRYHQHVFvQ0XQ LL
%DQDWXOXLvQ0XQ LL$SXVHQL3RLDQD5XVFD3RGLúXO6RPHúDQVXG-HVWXO3RGLúXOXL7UDQVLOYDQLHL
ODSDUWHDVXSHULRDUDSDOWLQXOIUDVLQXOúLPHVWHDF QXO
Subzona coniferelor XUPHD] PDL VXV GH VXE]RQD IDJXOXL RFXSkQG vQ O LPLOH vQWUH
-1
PvQ&DUSD LL2ULHQWDOLúLvQWUH-PvQ&DUSD LL0HULGLRQDOi. Speciile componente
FHOH PDL U VSkQGLWH VXQWPROLGXO úL EUDGXO 3ULPXO RFXSD vQWLQGHULPDULvQ&DUSD LL 2ULHQWDOLvQ
WLPS FH EUDGXO HVWH PDL U VSkQGLW vQ &DUSD LL 0HULGLRQDOL 0DL UDU VH vQWkOQHVF SLQXO ODLFHOH úL
zâmbrul.
d. Zona alpina, deasupra liPLWHL S GXULL SH SODWRXULOH úL SH FXOPLOH vQDOWH DOH PXQ LORU
QRúWUL O P VH SUH]LQW VXE IRUPD XQRU SDMLúWL FX FRPSRQHQWD IORULVWLFD YDULDWD
-
LQFOX]kQGvQDIDUDVSHFLLORULHUERDVHúLXQHOHVSHFLLOHPQRDVHSLWLFHVDXWkUkWRDUH=RQDDOSLQDVH
PXQ LORU vQ JHQHUDO SHVWH P vQ 0XQ LL %XFHJL DL ) J UDúXOXL 3DUkQJXOXL 5HWH]DWXOXL
*RGHDQX 5RGQD 6SHFLLOH LHUERDVH PDL GHV vQWkOQLWH VXQW FRDUQD UXJLQD SDUXúFD vPSHVWUL DWH
ici-colo cu flori viu colorate - JHQ LDQD FLXER LFD-FXFXOXL FORSR HL URJR]XO-de-munte. În mod
sporadic se întâlneVFúLDUEXúWLSLWLFL
La partea inferioara (subalpina VSUH OLPLWD S GXULORU U úLQRDVH DSDU IUHFYHQWH SkOFXUL GH
DUEXúWL WkUkWRUL FD MQHDS QXO LHQXS UXO SLWLF SUHFXP úL DUEXúWL SLWLFL VPkUGDUXO PHULúRUXO
D]DOHHD DUJLQ LFD 6SHFLLOH LHUERDVH GLQ DFHDVWD VXE]RQD VXQW UHSUH]HQWDWH SULQ ILUX úL
SRúLF
H 9HJHWD LD D]RQDO HVWH UHSUH]HQWDWD GH YHJHWD LD OXQFLORU úL E O LORU FDUH S WUXQGH
WHQWDFXODU vQ WRDWH ]RQHOH DPLQWLWH FX H[FHS LD FHOHL DOSLQH 9HJHWD LD OXQFLORU úL E O LORU HVWH
compusa din VSHFLL LHUERDVH úL OHPQRDVH FDUDFWHULVWLFH LXELWRDUH GH PXOWD XPH]HDOD VWXIXO
SDSXUD URJR]XO SLSLULJXO QXI UXO VWkQMHQHOXO GH EDOWD OD FDUH VH DGDXJ VSHFLL GH JUDPLQHH úL
DOWH SODQWH S WUXQVH GLQ ]RQHOH OLPLWURIH 'LQWUH VSHFLLOH OHPQRDVH FHOH PDL U VSkQGLWH VXQW
VDOFLD SORSXO DOE úL QHJUX DQLQXO HWF 3H JULQGXULOH PDL ]YkQWDWH XQGH DSD IUHDWLFD HVWH PDL
V L SULQFLSDOL 3UXWXO 6LUHWXO ,DORPL D $UJHúXO 2OWXO -LXO FD úL DOH UkXULORU PDUL GLQ $UGHDO
0XUHúXO&ULúXULOH6RPHúXO
8QHOH VSHFLL GH OXQFD SUH]LQW YDORDUH HFRQRPLFD VWXIXO úL SORSXO QHJUX KLEULG FDUH G
OHPQ IRORVLW vQ LQGXVWULH 'H DOWIHO vQWUHDJD YHJHWD LH RIHU HFRQRPLHL QD LRQDOH LPSRUWDQWH
PDWHULL SULPH S GXULOH GDX OHPQXO SHQWUX FKHUHVWHD SODFDMH úL IXUQLUH SHQWUX PRELOD FHOXOR]D
HWF S úXQLOH úL IkQH HOH FRQVWLWXLH R LPSRUWDQW ED] IXUDMHU PXOWH SODQWH DX IRORVLWH
PHGLFLQDOH PXúH HO VXQ WRDUH DQJKLQDUH IORUL GH WHL HWF LDU DOWHOH VXQW FROHFWDWH SHQWUX
5.2. FAUNA
&XWRDWDERJ LDGHVSHFLLIDXQD ULLQRDVWUHHVWHUHODWLYUHFHQW (OHPHQWHOHIDXQLVWLFHGH
FOLPD FDOGD FDUH WU LDX SH WHULWRULXO ULL QRDVWUH vQ QHRJHQ HOHIDQW PDVWRGRQ ULQRFHU WDSLU
JD]HOH HWF DX GLVS UXW FX WRWXO GLQ SOHLVWRFHQXO LQIHULRU SULPD SDUWH D FXDWHUQDUXOXL GDW orita
12
PDULORUVFKLPE ULFOLPDWLFHSURGXVH .
&HD PDL PDUH SDUWH D IDXQHL DFWXDOH DúD -numitele specii europene sau central-europene,
VXQW SURYHQLWH GH IDSW GLQ LQXWXULOH PHGLWHUDQHHQH (OH V DX H[WLQV vQ S U LOH QRDVWUH vQ
-
postglaciar (holocen), începând FXFLUFD PLL GH DQLvQ XUPD 7UHSWDWDX S WUXQV úL DOWH VSHFLL
&HOH PDL QRL LQWURGXVH SULQ FRORQL]DUH VXQW FHUEXO ORS WDU úL ID]DQXO PDUPRWD LDU SULQ LYLUL
5 VSkQGLUHD JHRJUDILFD D IDXQHL ÌQ UDSRUW FX GLIHUHQ LHULOH WHULWRULDOH VH GHRVHEHVF SH
D )DXQD OXQFLORU úL D E O LORU este constituita, în primul rând, din animale strâns legate
SULQ PRGXO ORU GH YLDWD GH DSD GDU úL GLQ DQLPDOH WHUHVWUH FDUH VH DG SRVWHVF vQ S GXULOH VDX
VWXI ULúXO OXQFLL 0DL UHSUH]HQWDWLYH VXQW YLGUD QXUFD úL EL]DPXO GLQ SULPD FDWHJRULH YXOSHD úL
HWF SUHFXP úL QXPHURDVH VSHFLL U SLWRDUH Y ulturul pescar, vulturul codalb), sau specii
FkQW WRDUH SULYLJKHWRDUHD GH VWXI FkUVWHLL HWF 0XOWH GLQWUH DFHVWHD VXQW PLJUDWRDUH
deplasându-se -GXS DQRWLPS - spre tarile calde ale sudului sau spre cele reci, boreale.
12
Idem
b. Fauna stepelor cuprinde înGHRVHEL UR] WRDUH FD SRSkQG XO KkUFLRJXO RUEHWHOH VDX
F HOXO S PkQWXOXL úRDUHFLL GH FkPS GLKRUXO VD )UHFYHQW vQWkOQLW HVWH LHSXUHOH LDU GLQWUH
S V UL PDL UHSUH]HQWDWLYH VXQW GURSLD WRW PDL UDUD VSXUFDFLXO DVHP Q WRU FX GURSLD GDU PDL
mic, SUHSHOL D SRWkUQLFKHD GXPEU YHDQFD HWF 'URSLD úL VSXUFDFLXO VSHFLL YDORURDVH GLQ SXQFW
de vedere faunistic, aflându-VH SH FDOH GH GLVSDUL LH VXQW RFURWLWH GH OHJH FD PRQXPHQWH DOH
naturii.
F)DXQDS GXULORUGHIRLRDVH este amestecata, cuprinzând peOkQJ HOHPHQWHOHVSHFLILFHGH
S GXUH - SULQWUH FDUH PLVWUH XO úL YLH]XUHOH LDU GLQWUH PDPLIHUHOH GH SUHGD OXSXO YXOSHD SLVLFD
V OEDWLFD - úL VSHFLL S WUXQVH ILH GLQ VLOYRVWHSD FD LHSXUHOH ILH GLQ HWDMXO U úLQRDVHORU FD
G 3 GXULOH GH U úLQRDVH DG SRVWHVF PDPLIHUH PDUL SULQWUH FDUH FHUEXO XUVXO UDVXO VDX
PDL P UXQWH FD MGHUXO úL YHYHUL D LDU GLQWUH S V UL FRFRVXO GH PXQWH LHUXQFD FRFRV ul de
PHVWHDF QSHFDOHGHGLVSDUL LH0XOWHGLQWUHDFHVWHDQLPDOHDXGLVS UXWvQDOWH ULDOH(XURSHL
úL FRQVWLWXLH HOHPHQWH GH LQWHUHV YkQ WRUHVF GHRVHELW GH SUH XLWH XUVXO UDVXO OXSXO 5HFHQW V -a
UHLQWURGXVvQPXQ LLQRúWUL]LPEUXOFDUHGLVS UXV e în secolul al XVIII-lea.
e. Fauna alpina DGDSWDWD FRQGL LLORU FOLPDWLFH DVSUH DOH PDULORU vQ O LPL FDUSDWLFH
VL vQ 0XQ LL 5RGQHL GH XQGH GLVS UXVH vQF vQDLQWHD FHOXL GH DO GRLOHD U ]ERL PRQGLDO 'LQWUH
-
S V UL PDL UHSUH]HQWDWLYH VXQW DFYLOD GH PXQWH úL ] JDQXO FHO PDL PDUH YXOWXU HXURSHDQ
DSURDSH GLVS UXW SUHFXP úL XQHOH SDVDUHOH FD IOXWXUDúXO -de-SLDWU FDUH VH DJ D SH DEUXSWXULOH
f. Fauna acvatica SUH]LQW XQ LQWHUHV HFRQRPLF GHRVHELW vQ SULPXO UkQG , prin speciile de
SHúWL &D úL IDXQD WHUHVWUD HD VH JUXSHD] vQ DVRFLD LL FDUDFWHULVWLFH HWDMDWH GXS DOWLWXGLQH VL
GH PXQWH UHSUH]HQWDWD SULQ S VWU YXO LQGLJHQ úL FHO FRORQL]DW PDL UDU SULQ ORVWUL D FDUH WU LHúWH
QXPDLvQDSHOHGLQQRUGXO&DUSD LORU2ULHQWDOLILLQGRFURWLWDGHOHJH
Cleanul ocupa sectoarele de altitudine mijlocie în râurile mari. Mreana este mai frecvent
întâlnita în sectoarele GHFkPSLHDOHUkXULORUPDULvQFDUHPDLWU LHVFFUDSXOúLDOWHVSHFLLOLSDQXO
FOHDQXO&UDSXOHVWHFDUDFWHULVWLFvQFXUVXO'XQ ULLúLvQGHOWDIOXYLXOXLSUHFXPVLQvQVHFWRDUHOH
specii marine FD QLVHWUXO PRUXQXO S VWUXJD FHJD SHQW ru a-úL GHSXQH LFUHOH WRDWH DFHVWHD
FRQVWLWXLHIRQGXOYDORURVGHSHVFXLWDO ULLQRDVWUH
0DUHD1HDJUDDUHRIDXQDYDULDWDGDUGLQFDX]DFRQGL LLORUGHVDOLQLWDWHúLGHVWUDWLILFDUHD
S U L DOH (XURSHL (OH VXQW SXVH VXE RFURWLUHD OHJLORU QHSXWkQG IL YkQDWH VDX GLVWUXVH vQWUH
DFHVWHD VXQW GURSLD VSXUFDFLXO SHOLFDQXO HJUHWD ] JDQXO HWF 2 FRPLVLD VSHFLDOD &RPLVLD
pentru ocrotirea monumentelor naturii, de SH OkQJ $FDGHPLD 5RPkQ VH RFXSD FX RFURWLUHD úL
5.3. SOLURILE
&RQGL LLOH SULQFLSDOH GH IRUPDUH úL HYROX LH D VROXULORU vQ DUD QRDVWU - în primul rând
YHJHWD LD úL FOLPD GLIHU vQ IXQF LH GH UHOLHI úL GH VXEVWUDWXO JHRORJLF URFD SDUHQWDO $FHVWHD
-
GHWHUPLQD R ]RQDUH YHUWLFDOD D VROXULORU SH WHULWRULXO ULL DVHP Q WRDUH FX FHD D FOLPHL úL
YHJHWD LHL &D XUPDUH GH OD FkPSLH VSUH PXQWH VH vQWkOQHVF ]RQH FX VROXUL GLIHULWH IRUPDWH VXE
13
LQIOXHQWDFRQGL LLORUQDWXUDOHGHFOLPDúLGHYHJHWD LHFDUHSRDUWDGHQXPLUHDGHVROXUL]RQDOH
În interiorul acestor zone, datorita existentei unor factori locali (relief, roca, apa freatica
HWFVHIRUPHD] SHVXSUDIH HPDLPLFLVROXULLQWUD]RQDOH
Pe luncile râurilor, în toate ]RQHOH GH VROXUL VH vQWkOQHúWH R FDWHJRULH GH VROXUL WLQHUH vQ
GLQDFHOHORFXUL$FHVWHDIRUPHD] FDWHJRULDVROXULORUD]RQDOH
5RPkQ vQ 'REURJHD vQ &kPSLD 0ROGRYHL vQ &kPSLD GH 9HVW úL SH PLFL VXSUDIH H vQ &kPSLD
Transilvaniei.
b. Solurile de silvostepa FXSULQG FD WLS SULQFLSDO FHUQR]LRPXO OHYLJDW FDUH VH IRUPHD]
intr-XQ FOLPDW PDL XPHG VXE R YHJHWD LH OHPQRDVD GH S GXUH VWHMDU úL LHUERDVD (VWH XQ VRO
GHVWXO GH ERJDW vQ KXPXV FHHD FH H[SOLF IHUWLOLWDWHD OXL ULGLFDWD 6H vQWkOQHúWH vQ HVWXO úL sudul
0ROGRYHL vQ SDUWHD FHQWUDOD D &kPSLHL 5RPkQH vQ 2OWHQLD GH VXG vQ &kPSLD GH 9HVW úL vQ
Câmpia Transilvaniei.
F 6ROXULOH GH S GXUH LQFOXGH WLSXULOH DUJLORLOXYLDOH FHQXúLL úL EUXQ URúFDWH vQ ]RQD
-
GHOXURDVD úL VROXULOH EUXQH úL EUXQH DFLGH vQ FHD PDL PXQWRDVD PHUJkQG vQ VXV SkQ OD VROXULOH
SRG]ROLFH $FHVWHD VH IRUPHD] vQ UHJLXQLOH FX FOLPDW XPHG VXE R YHJHWD LH IRUHVWLHU 6XQW
V UDFH vQ VXEVWDQ H QXWULWLYH KXPXV GH DFHHD DX R IHUWLOLWDWH PDL UHGXVD QHFHVLWkQG
vQJU ú PLQWH FKLPLFH úL RUJDQLFH 'LQWUH DFHVWHD VROXULOH SRG]ROLFH VH IRUPHD] LQWU -un climat
PDLUHFHúLPDLXPHGDVRFLLQGX VHFXRYHJHWD LHIRUHVWLHU GHIDJúLU úLQRDVH(OHDXRFXORDUH
-
FHQXúLH úL GDX R UHDF LH DFLGD 3RG]ROXULOH RFXSD UHOLHIXO FHO PDL DFFLGHQWDW DO ULL GH alurile
vQDOWH úL PXQ LL $FROR XQGH S GXUHD D IRVW GHIULúDWD DFHVWH VROXUL VXQW OHVQH VS ODWH GH SORL
WXUERDV 6H vQWkOQHVF vQ &DUSD LL 0HULGLRQDOL úL SH XQHOH FXOPL vQDOWH GLQ &DUSD LL 2ULHQWDOL
GHDVXSUDOLPLWHLS GXULORUGHFRQLIHUH
VDOLFRUQLD ÌQWUXFkW DFHVWH VROXUL DX R SURGXFWLYLWDWH VF ]XW HOH WUHEXLH DPHOLRUDWH SHQWUX D
SXWHDILIRORVLWHvQDJULFXOWXU
/ FRYLúWLOH sunt solurL vPELEDWH FX PXOW DS GLQ FDX]D OLSVHL XQHL SDQWH GH VFXUJHUH RUL
13
Bran, Florina, Dincu I. (1997), 3HGRORJLHDPHOLRUDWLY (G$6(%XFXUHúWLSJ-31.
QXSRWILIRORVLWHGDWRULW H[FHVXOXLGHDS úLDOLSVHLGHDHUD LH3HQWUXDSXWHDI i puse în valoare,
VH IDF OXFU UL GH GUHQDUH &HOH PDL vQWLQVH O FRYLúWL VH vQWkOQHVF vQ 'HOWD úL /XQFD 'XQ ULL vQ
&kPSLDMRDV D%DQDWXOXLúLD&ULúXULORU
LQXQGDWH ÌQ XOWLPHOH GRX GHFHQLL DX IRVW VFRDVH GH VXE LQXQGD LL SULQ vQGLJXLUL VXSUDIH H
SHOLWRUDOXO0 ULL1HJUHVDXvQ&kPSLDGH9HVWODVXGGH&DUHL