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Microflora: Probiotics
Presented By
Ms. Kavita Tiwari
The Human Gastrointestinal Microflora
The human adult colon is the most complex bacterial ecosystem
in the human body, harboring more than 400 different culturable
bacterial species belonging to more than 50 different genera
Due to gastric acid in the stomach & rapid washout rates in the
small intestine the colon is the main site of bacterial colonization
• Prevent growth of
harmful pathogens
• “Train” or “program”
endothelial cells for
immune response
The Human Gastrointestinal Microflora
• Sporing anaerobes
– Clostridium spp. 5-9
• Sporing aerobes
– Bacillus spp.
• Microaerophiles
– Lactobacillus spp. 7-9
– Streptococcus spp. 7-9
– Enterococci 5-7
• Facultative organisms
– Coliforms 7-9
– other Enterobacteria 5-9
• http://www.gla.ac.uk/departments/humannutrition/students/resources/meden/Infection.pdf
The Human Gastrointestinal Microflora
• Bifidobacterium
• Streptococcus
• Pedicococcus
•Bacillus
Choosing a Probiotic
For a microorganism to be characterized ‘‘probiotic,’’ a
number of criteria have to be met
1. Human origin
2. GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status
3. Probiotics must be capable of being prepared on a large
scale & in a viable manner
4. Probiotics have to be resistant to gastric acidity & bile acid
toxicity
5. Adherence to human intestinal cells and intestinal mucins,
which will improve persistence & multiplication in the
colon & promote competitive exclusion of potential
pathogens from mucosal surfaces
Choosing a Probiotic
6. Production of antimicrobial substances against gut
pathogens for the restoration of a healthy microflora
composition
7. Safety in food & during clinical use even in
immunocompromised individuals
8. Efficacy and safety proven in randomized, double-
blind, placebo controlled human studies
So…..
Eat the “good bugs” every day……….
Invite them in………..
You will find they make very friendly
houseguests.
Thank You