c




 

 Hidalgo. The occasion commemorated the triumph of the two, especially Luna
 - Rizal left Philippines for the first time Spain. He boarded the
Salvadora using a passport of Jose Mercado, which was procured for him by his
uncle Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor Rivera. He was accompanied to the quay
where the Salvadora was moored by his uncle Antonio, Vicente Gella, and
Mateo Evangelista.
c - He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express train.
 - His article "Amor Patrio" was published in the Diarong
#$ ! - Rizal witnessed the tumultuous scene in the Central
Tagalog, a Manila newspaper edited by Basilio Teodoro. This was the First
article he wrote abroad.

  - Rizal matriculated at the Universidad Central de Madrid.
He took the following subjects: medical clinic, surgical clinic, legal medicine and
obstetrical clinic.
! "#  - Asked to deliver a poem by the members of Circulo Hispano-
Filipino, there together in the effort to save the association from disintegration,
Rizal recited "Me piden versus." The meeting was held at the house of Pablo
Ortiga y Rey.

#$  - He wrote the article "Revista de Madrid" which was in
intended for publication in the Diarong Tagalog in Manila, but was not published
because the newspaper stops its circulation.
%
#$  - Rizal wrote an article entitled "Las Dudas". The article was
signed Laong - Laan.
c - With Felipe Zamora and Cunanan, He visited the Leannec
Hospital to observe how Dr, Nicaise treated his patients. He was stunned to see
the advanced facilities in the accommodation in the said hospital.
&c - He again visited Dr. Nicaise who showed the technique of
operation. Later he went to see dupytren Museum.
c - Rizal visited the Lariboisiere Hospital where Felix Pardo de
Tavera was an extern. Here he observe the examination of the different
diseases of women

  - He enrolled at the central Universidad de Madrid for the
second course in medicine.
"#  - He came to know of the imprisonment, by order of Sr. Vicente
Barrantes, of the 14 rich innocent persons in Manila. The Prisoners who knew
nothing is the cause of their detention and who became sick later, were kept in a
humid prison cell. Rizal was indignant of his inhuman act.
c ! - Rizal proposed to the member of the Circulo assembled in the
house of the Pateros, the publication of a book by association. This idea
became the embryo of this first novel Noli Me Tangere .
c! - He finished the degree of Licentiate in Medicine with the grade
of aprobado from the Central Universidad de Madrid.
c! - Rizal won first prize in Greek contest, after which he delivered a
speech in honor of the two Filipino painters, Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion
who won the first prize for his Spoliarium during the National Exposition of Fine
Arts held in Madrid that year.
c'! - Rizal explained the term "Filibusterismo" in the newspaper of
Madrid El Progreso, calling the attention of the Spanish authorities over the case
of future of the Filipinos. He asked for freedom of the press and the right of
representation of the Spanish Cortes.

Universidad de Madrid where the students and professors staged a strike
against excommunication imposed by the bishop on the lecture proclaiming the
freedom of science and of the teacher.
 (')*While in Heidelberg experiencing the feeling of nostalgia for his
parents and his country, Rizal wrote the poem "A Las Flores de Heidelberg.³
 "+% - Copies of his novel came off the press. He sent one copy to
Prof. Blumentritt. In a letter of his Austrian friend, he say it was the first impartial
and daring book to be written on the life of the Tagalogs. He opined that the
Spanish authorities and the friar would attack the book.
% - At 9:00 o¶clock in the evening, Rizal arrived at Manila after five
years of study and patriotic labors in Europe.
% - In a letter, Archbishop P. Payo instructed Fr. Gregorio
Echevarria, Rector of the University of Sto. Thomas, that an information about
the novel Noli Me Tangere be issued by a Commission composed of University
professors Fr. Matias Gomez, Fr. Norberto del Prado and Fr. Evaristo
Fernandez Arias
% - He left Calamba for Manila to see Governor-General on the
issue of the Noli Me Tangere which caused torment among the friars in the
Philippines. Governor-General Terrero asked him for a copy and Rizal, after a
few days looking for copy, handed him a worn out one.
± On the same date, the Calustro Universitario formed by the Rector of
Santo Thomas upon the order of the Archbishop of Manila, issued an order
prohibiting the possession and reading of the Noli Me Tangere.

 % - Rizal decided not to leave his family within this year. His
sister Olimpia died of hemorrhage while giving birth. His father did not permit
him to go out alone and eat in the house of his relatives.
& "# % - Rizal made a pencil drawing of a sailboat sailing on
Lagunade Bay, which he saw with Jose Taviel de Andrade, Lieutenant of the
Civil Guards assigned by the Governor-General Terrero to protect him, during
an excursion to Los Baños. This drawing was sent to Blumentritt.
&," %*The Permanent Board Of Censure headed by Fr. Salvador
Font issued a judgment absolutely prohibiting the circulation of the Noli Me
Tangere in the Philppines. Upon the recommendation of the Governor-General,
Father Font said: "«Aside of attacking so directly, as you have seen your
Excellency, the Religion of the state, institutions and respectable persons for
their official character, the book is replete of foreign teachings and doctrines;
and the general synthesis of the same is to inspire among the loyal and
submissive sons of Spain in these distant islands, profound,and furious hate to
the mother country«"

   - Rizal, after staying in the Philippines for almost six months,
left Manila for Hongkong, bringing with him P5,000 which he earned from his
medical practice.
&
   - With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda and some
Portuguese, Rizal left Hongkong for Macao on board the Kui Kiang. In Macao,
they lived in the house of Juan Lecaroz. Rizal went around for observation,
especially the botanical garden.

   - After staying in Hong Kong for almost two weeks, he left for
Japan on board the Oceanic.
(-'."/(
(
Translated Antonio de Moragas, 
 
&c'& - He was financially hard up. He did not receive for three months up
to this date any pension from home. He was living in the most difficult situation,
renting a small room and eating the modest food in order to economize and able
to publish the Fili. He had already pawned all his jewels.

 & - El Fili was publish in Ghent using the donations from Rizal¶s
friends.
)c& - Rizal arrived in the Philippines from Hongkong on board the
boat Don Juan. After having been inspected by the custom men, he boarded in
the Oriente Hotel where he occupied room No. 22, facing the Binondo church.
His sister, Lucia, accompanied him in his return to the Philippines. In the
evening, he attended the reunion held in the house of Don Ong-junco, a
Chinese mestizo, who was living in the district of Tondo. Here he met many
Filipinos who were later arrested and executed as a consequence of the
discovery of the Katipunan.

 (

 c'& - Rizal had again an interview with Governor-General Despujol. He

 
) on 1890 thanked Governor-General Despujol for lifting the order of exile for his sisters.
El Solfeo de la Defensa (La Solidaridad) The Governor told him to come back the following Wednesday.
"Los agriculores Filipinos³ "En Bosque³ In the evening, he attended a meeting at a house on Calle Ylaya to discuss the
"Me Piden Versos«!³ "Los Viajes³ proposed Liga Filipina.
"La Verdad para Todos³ "Verdades Neuvas" )c'& - Rizal held the last interview with the Governor-General. The
"Differencias³ "a La Patria³ governor-general confronted him for anti-friar bills supposedly found in the
"Filipinas Dentro de Cien Ańos³ "Inconsecuencias" baggages of his sister Lucia. He was ordered imprisoned in Fort Santiago (from
"Filipinas Dentro de Cien Ańos "Filipinas en el congreso" July 6-15).
"Sobre la nueva ortografia de la lengua tagala," c'& - At 1:00 on the morning, Rizal was shipped on board the boat S.
"Mariang Makiling," S. Cebu to Dapitan. He was given good cabin, but well guarded.
&*He reported to Juan Luna what transpired between him and He engaged in agriculture, fishing and business; he maintained and operated a
Antonio Luna. They had a quarrel and they also had a duel. hospital; he conducted classes- taught the pupils English and Spanish
&*In a letter sent to Basa, Rizal reiterated [again] his desire to be in languages and the arts
Hong Kong, reminding the former of the amount he was borrowing for his fare. When the Philippine Revolution started on August 26, 1896, his enemies lost no
He also informed Deodato Arellano of his plan to move from Europe to either time in pressing him down. They were able to enlist witnesses that linked him
Hongkong, Philippines or Japan, and to renounce the receiving of pension from with the revolt and these were never allowed to be confronted by him. Thus,
the Propaganda.³ from November 3, 1986, to the date of his execution, he was again committed to
&*Rizal set ready for printing 20 chapters of the manuscript of the Fort Santiago.
El Filibusterismo. He was waiting for an amount to defray the publication 
expense.
&*In a letter sent to Basa, Rizal reiterated [again] his desire to be in 
Hong Kong, reminding the former of the amount he was borrowing for his fare.
He also informed Deodato Arellano of his plan to move from Europe to either 
Hongkong, Philippines or Japan, and to renounce the receiving of pension from
the Propaganda.³ 
&*Rizal set ready for printing 20 chapters of the manuscript of the

El Filibusterismo. He was waiting for an amount to defray the publication
expense.
c

0 1 
2 > Rizal established a medical clinic.
> As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go back to the Philippines for the
following reasons:
± Financial difficulties in Calamba
± Dissatisfaction with his studies in Madrid
± Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear going home.
± His belief that the Spanish regime will not punish the innocent.
,"((##  +#
> After five years of his memorable sojourn in Europe, Rizal returned to
the Philippines.
> However, Rizal was warned by the following not to return to the
Philippines because his Noli Me Tangere angered the friars:
± Paciano Mercado ± Rizal¶s adviser and only brother.
± Silvestre Ubaldo ± Rizal¶s brother in law; husband of Olimpia.
± Jose Ma. Cecilio (Chenggoy) ± one of Rizal¶s closest friends.
> Rizal was determined to come back to the Philippines for the following
reasons:
± To operate his mother¶s eyes
#'( 
± To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish
tyrants.
± To find out for himself how the Noli Me Tangere and his other
writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards.
± To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.
(-' ($(('
> Rizal left Rome by train to Marseilles, a French port and boarded
Djemnah, the same steamer that brought him to Europe five years ago.
> There were 50 passengers: 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2
Japanese, 40 Frenchmen, and 1 Filipino (Rizal)
> When the ship reached Aden, the weather became rough and some of
Rizal¶s book got wet.
> In Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam ± he transferred to another steamer,
Haiphong, that brought him to Manila.
00#"#(
> When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors spread that he was a:
± German spy
± An agent of Otto Von Bismarck ± the liberator of Germany.
± A Protestant
± A Mason
± A soul halfway to damnation
> Paciano ± did not leave him during the first days after arrival to protect
him from any enemy assault.
> Don Francisco ± did not permit him to go out alone
1'
> Doña Teodora ± was Rizal¶s first patient
> Rizal treated her eyes but could not perform any surgical operation
because her cataracts were not yet ripe.
> He painted several beautiful landscapes in Calamba.
> He translated German poems of Von Wildernath in Tagalog.
> Doctor Uliman ± Rizal was called this name because he came from
Germany.
± He earned P900 in a few months and P5,000 before he left the
Philippines.
> Gymnasium ± was opened by Rizal for the young people
> He introduced European sports fencing and shooting to discourage
them from cockfighting and gambling.

3#4+('(-'4(1'
> Leonor Rivera ± Rizal tried to visit her in Tarlac but his parents forbade
him to go because Leonor¶s mother did not like him for a son-in-law.
> Olimpia Mercado-Ubaldo ± died because of child birth.

# #$ +
> As Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his enemies plotted his
doom.
> Governor General Emilio Terrero ± wrote to Rizal requesting to come to
Malacañang Palace.
± Somebody had whispered to his ear that the Noli contains
subversive ideas.
± Rizal explained to him that he merely exposed the truth, but did
not advocate subversive ideas.
± He was pleased by Rizal¶s explanation and curious about the
book, he asked for a copy of the novel.
± Rizal had no copy that time but promised to send one for him.
(-'$((3+c(
> Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for their feedback on the novel.
> He was gladly welcomed by the following friars:
± Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
± Fr. Jose Bech
± Fr. Federico Faura ± told Rizal that everything in the novel was
the truth and warned him that he may lose his head because of
it.
> Governor-General Emilio Terrero ± a liberal minded Spaniard who knew
that Rizal¶s life was in jeopardy because the friars were powerful.
± Because of this he gave Rizal a bodyguard to protect him.
c#$('33 3
> A young Spanish lieutenant who came from a noble family
> He was cultured and knew painting
 > He could speak French, English and Spanish.
> They became good friends.
"/ #5+
#'( the novel in an article published in the Madrid newspaper, La España
> Archbishop Pedro Payo ± a Dominican
> Archbishop of Manila
#'( 
> Sent a copy of the Noli to Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the
University of Santo Tomas to examine the novel.
UST and Rizal
> The committee that examined the Noli Me Tangere were composed of
Dominican professors.
> The report of the faculty members from UST about the Noli states that
the novel was:
± Heretical, impious and scandalous in the religious orders, and
anti-patriotic, subversive of pubic order, injurious to the
government of Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands in
the political order.
> Governor-General Terrero ± was not satisfied with the report so he sent
the novel to the Permanent Commission of Censorship which was
composed of priests and lawyers.
> Fr. Salvador Font ± Augustinian friar curate of Tondo was the head of
the commission.
± The group found that the novel contain subversive ideas against
the Church and Spain and recommended that the importation,
reproduction and circulation of the pernicious book in the
islands be absolutely prohibited.
> Vicente Barantes ± Spanish academician of Madrid who formerly
occupied high government position in the Philippines bitterly criticized
Moderna.
,53 #5+
Propagandists such as Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-Jaena,
Antonio Ma. Regidor, Mariano Ponce rushed to uphold the truths of the
Noli.
> Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez ± Rizal¶s favorite teacher in Ateneo
defended and praised the novel in public.
> Don Segismundo Moret ± former Minister of the Crown.
> Prof. Miguel Morayta- historian and stateman
> Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt ± Rizal¶s best friend
> Rev. Fr. Vicente Garcia ± a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian
of the Manila Cathedral and a Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation
of Christ by Thomas Kempis.
± Under the pen name Justo Desiderio Magalang he wrote a
defense of the novel published in Singapore.
> Rizal cried because of his gratitude to his defenders especially to Fr.
Garcia who defended him unexpectedly.
> He attacked Barantes by exposing his ignorance of Philippine affairs
and mental dishonesty which is unworthy of an academician.
> Because of the interest of both enemies and protectors of the Noli the
price of the book increased from five pesetas per copy to 50 pesetas per
copy.
> The newspaper published Font¶s written report   ( #'(1'
> The banning of the Noli Me Tangere served to make it popular > Influenced by the novel, Governor-General Emilio Terrero ordered a
> The masses supported the book. government investigation of the friar estates to remedy whatever
> Fr. Jose Rodriguez ± Augustinian Prior of Guadalupe inequities might have been present in connection with land taxes and
± Published a series of eight pamphlets under the heading with tenant relations.
Questions of Supreme Interest to blast the Noli and other anti- > One of the friar estates affected was the Calamba hacienda by the
Spanish writing. Dominican order since 1883.
± Copies of anti-Rizal pamphlets were sold after mass > Upon hearing about the investigation, the people of Calamba asked
± Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order not to displease helped from Rizal to gather facts and list the grievances so that the
the friars. government might institute certain agrarian reforms.

#'( (
( > The hacienda of the Dominican Order comprised not only the lands
The novel was fiercely attacked in the session hall of the Senate of the around Calamba, but the whole town of Calamba.
Spanish Cortes. > The profits of the Dominican Order continually increased because of the
> Senators: arbitrary increase of he rentals paid by the tenants.
± General Jose de Salamanca
(3((3(-'
± General Luis de Pando > The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the
± Sr. Fernando Vida celebration of the town fiesta, for the education of the children, and for
the improvement of agriculture.
 > Tenants who spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed
of the said lands for flimsy reasons
> High rates of interest were arbitrarily charged the tenants for delayed
payment of rentals
> When the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management
confiscated the work animals, tools, and farm implements of the tenants.
> Rizal¶s exposure to the deplorable condition angered the friars.
> The friars exerted pressure to Malacañang to eliminate Rizal.
> They asked Gov. Gen. Terrero to deport Rizal but the latter refused for
there is lack of charges against Rizal in court.
> Anonymous threats in Rizal¶s life alarmed his parents, siblings, Andrade
his bodyguard, friends, and even Terrero, thus they all advised him to
leave the country.

( "(#
> Rizal¶s exposure to the deplorable condition angered the friars.
> The friars exerted pressure to Malacañang to eliminate Rizal.
> They asked Gov. Gen. Terrero to deport Rizal but the latter refused for
there is lack of charges against Rizal in court.
> Anonymous threats in Rizal¶s life alarmed his parents, siblings, Andrade
his bodyguard, friends, and even Terrero, thus they all advised him to
leave the country.
> His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of
his family and friends.
Rizal¶s reasons for leaving the Philippines
> He could not fight better his enemies and serve his country¶s cause with
greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.
0(#' 6#
> A poem for Lipa ± shortly before Rizal left in 1888, he was asked by a
friend to write a poem in commemoration of the town¶s cityhood.
> Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn To Labor) ± title of the poem dedicated to the
industrious people of Lipa.

 4''+('((
> On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his country with a heavy heart.
> But this is for his own good and the safety of his family and friends.