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Curs 7 Part 1
Curs 7 Part 1
Curs 7 Part 1
Biopolimerii celulari pot fi clasificati dupa gradul semnificatiei genetice si participarea la edificarea
caracterului(Zuckernandl si Pauling).
Prin asamblarea ribonucleotidelor in structura ARN-m, respectandu-se principiul complementaritatii bazelor se reproduce fidel, in negativ, informatia genetica din segmentul
cistronului de ADN.
Transcriptia ARN-m are loc in 3 etape:
• Initierea;
• Elongatia;
• Terminarea.
TRANSCRIPTIA INFORMATIEI GENETICE
FAZA DE INITIERE
• Incepe cu o secventa particulara de ADN denumita situs promotor, unde
se ataseaza enzima ARN-polimeraza-ADN-dependenta, care initiaza
transcriptia;
• ARN-polimeraza sintetizeaza acid nucleic in directia 5’ la 3’, iar citirea
matritei de ADN se face in directia 3’ la 5’;
• La acest nivel se gaseste si o subunitate proteica denumita factor sigma,
care are rolul de a mentine conformatia de dublu helix necesara
recunoasterii situsului promotor;
• In momentul in care complexul ARN-polimeraza/factor sigma recunoaste
corect promotorul, factorul sigma se disociaza de ARN polimeraza si
enzima incepe sa despiralizeze helixul de ADN, formand o regiune de
dezoxiribonucleotide neamperecheate, care serveste drept matrita pentru
sinteza ARN-ului.
Initiation
Initiation
• RNA polymerase from E.coli is composed of 6 polypeptide subunits:
• two alpha subunits;
• one beta;
• one beta prime;
• one omega;
• sigma subunit.
• Five of these subunits(alpha 2, beta, beta prime, omega) are tightly bound
together and constitute core enzyme.
• RNA polymerase holoenzyme(sigma subunit plus core enzyme), recognize
the beginning of a gene, the starting region that is called the promoter;
• The information coded in the DNA promoter enables the enzyme to
recognize the exact point where transcription begin;
THE PROMOTER
• A characteristic region of the
promoter that occur at
approximately position -35 is the
recognition region to which the
polymerase first binds(TTGACA).
This sequence refer to the top
strand that does not undergo
transcription. The polymerase
leaves the -35 sequence and then
proceeds to move downstream to
another region conserved. This is
the second consensus
sequence(TATAAT) and is found at
position -10. It is known as
PRIBNOW BOX(PB).