Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Section Title
Page
1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………
………..2
2. Responsibilities of Billing
Engineer……………………………………………………3
Engineer…………………………….…4
4. Mathematical
Formulae…………………………………………………………………..5
5. Cement
Coefficient………………………………………………………………………..11
6. Method of measurements
filling…………………………………….13
• Plain cement
concrete……………………………………………15
• Reinforced cement
concrete……………………………………15
• Form
works…………………………………………………………..16
• Reinforcement…………………………………………………
…….20
• Masonry…………………………………………………………
……..21
• Plastering………………………………………………………
………21
Skirting…………………….23
1
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE
01. SQUARE
A
A Area = A * A
02. RECTANGLE
B B Area = L * B
L - Length
B - Breadth
03. CIRCLE
Area = π *R*R
2
04.EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
h = ( a * √3) /2
A = (a2 * √3) / 4
a a
2
5. ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
06. PARALLELOGRAM
Area = B * H
B – Base length
H – perpendicular Ht of Parellogram
07. TRAPEZOID
Area = (A+B)*H
2
A B H- Perpendicular distance btn Parallel sides
3
Area = d1d2
2
Segment of the circle is that part of the circle contained between the arc and
its chord.
Area = 2*L*H Where L- Length of the Arc
3 H - Rise of the arc
11. QUADRILATERALS:
A = (3 a2 √3)/2
13 REGULAR OCTAGONS:
A = 2 a2 (1+√2)
A = 6 a2 √(7/4 + √3)
15 ELLIPSE:
A = ∏ ab C=DM
4
Divide the area or Figure into an even number (n) of parallel strips by means of
(n+1) ordinates, spaced at equal distances, d. Let the ordinates be yi
A. TRAPEZOIDAL RULE:
B. DURAND’S RULE:
C. SIMSONS RULE:
VOLUME:
1.CIRCULAR CONES: A Cone is a solid whose base is a circle and whose convex surface
tapers uniformly to a point called the vertex.
2.RECTANGULAR SOLIDS:
i) V = abc
ii) V = A1c = A2b = A3a
iii) V = √ (A1A2A3)
iv) V = 2 (ab + bc+ ca)
v) D = √(a2+b2+c2)
3.CUBES:
i) V = a3
ii) S = 6 a2
iii) D = a √3
Where V = Volume; S = Whole surface; a = edge; D = Diagonal.
4.CYLINDERS:
i) V = ∏ r2 h
5
ii) S = 2 ∏ r (h+r)
5.CYLINDRICAL RINGS:
V = 1/3 Ah
7.REGULAR TETRAHEDRONS:
i) V = (2*√2/3) a3
ii) S = 4 a2 √3
iii) H = 2a√(2/3)
Where V = Volume; S = Curved Surface; R and r are the radii of the ends; C and c are the
circumferences of the ends; s = slant height; h= perpendicular height.
10.SPHERES:
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i) V = ∏ d3/6
ii) V = 4/3 ∏ r3
iii) S = ∏ d2
iv) S = 4∏ r2
11.SPHERICAL SHELLS:
12.ZONES OF SPHERES:
Where V = Volume; S = Curved surface; r1 and r2 are the radii of the two ends; h = height;
d = dia of sphere.
7
S/N DESCRIPTION UNIT CO-EFF
CONCRETE
1 P.C.C.1: 4:8 below foundation/floors CUM 3.30
2 R.C.C. M-25 footing CUM 7.50
RCC M20 for Roof slab/beam, columns, stair
3 CUM 6.80
case
4 DPC 1:3:6 CUM 4.50
MASONRY WORKS
5 SSM for foundation/basement in CM 1:6 CUM 1.60
6 200 mm Solid block in CM 1:6 SQM 0.18
7 100 mm Solid Block in CM 1:6 SQM 0.12
8 150 mm Solid Block in CM 1:6 SQM 0.15
9 230 mm Brick Masonry in CM 1:6 CUM 1.23
10 115 mm Brick Masonry in CM 1:4 SQM 0.14
PLASTERING
11 12 mm Ceiling plastering in CM 1:4 SQM 0.13
12 12 mm Internal wall plastering in CM 1:6 SQM 0.12
13 15 MM Rough plaster in walls IN 1:4 SQM 0.12
14 External plastering SQM 0.20
15 Basement waterproof plastering SQM 0.18
16 Duct Plastering SQM 0.18
Plastering Grooves 19mm width and 15 mm
17 RM 0.05
Deep
18 Drip moulds RM 0.03
19 PVC beading for Grooves above skirting RM 0.05
STAIRCASE WORKS
20 Tread-Multicolour-20mm thk. SQM 0.22
21 Riser-Multicolour-20mm thk. SQM 0.22
22 Tread-Sadharalli -10mm thk. SQM 0.22
23 Riser-Sadharalli -10mm thk. SQM 0.22
FLOORING
24 Screed concrete SQM 0.40
25 Multicolour granite 20 mm SQM 0.22
8
26 Multicolour granite 10 mm SQM 0.22
27 Sadaralli granite SQM 0.22
28 Vitrified tile flooring (Labor only) SQM 0.22
29 Cudappa slab flooring SQM 0.22
30 Eurocon Tiles for ramp SQM 0.22
31 Broken tile flooring SQM 0.30
32 Grano Flooring SQM 0.30
WALL TILING
33 Toilets & Pantry SQM 0.22
34 Ceramic tile dadoing (1:4) SQM 0.22
35 Ceramic tile dadoing (1:1) SQM 0.40
SKIRTING
39 Granite tile-Multi colour 100 High Rm 0.03
40 Sadharalli granite 100 High Rm 0.03
41 Vitrified tile-glossy(Labor only) 100 High Rm 0.03
42 Cudappah slab skirting 100 High Rm 0.03
43 Cement skirting 100 High Rm 0.03
44 190 mm High Skirting Rm 0.04
45 Clay Tile Skirting works in Terrace Rm 0.10
MISCELLANEOUS
46 Multi colour granite coping 20 mm SQM 0.22
47 Multi colour granite coping 10 mm SQM 0.22
48 Hume Pipe RM 0.60
1. Block Levels has to be taken at the start of the work. The intervals can be of 3m or
5m.
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2. The Uom is in CUM and should be rounded off to nearest two decimals.
3. For Pit Excavation an offset of 30 cm can be taken on either side of the footing up
to 1.5 m depth and for more than 1.5 m depth it can be taken as 50 to 60 cm.
5. For Mass Excavation Earth work quantity can be calculated by using any of the
rules like Trapezoidal or simsons rule etc. Proper CVI (Reasons) has to be
6. For hard rock and soft rock the top levels and bottom levels should be taken with
consultant approval. The Quantity can be arrived with top and bottom levels or the
quantity can be arrived by stacking the Hard rock. The place for stacking should be
selected in accordance with clients’ approval and must be recored with joint
8. Final quantity is arrived by deducting the volume of concrete and size stone
10. For Jungle clearance item, the area to be considered is 5m off set all-round the
building and if for road works, 1m offset should be considered on either side.
11. For EX: The below is the block level of area 40 m X 20 m with levels of 5 m interval
with mass excavation to be done for entire area with excavation bottom level as
95.2
10
excavation
98 98 98 98 98
.7 .8 .9 .6 .7
5 5 5 5
98 98 98 98 98
.7 .6 .7 .5 .6
8 5 5 8
= 3.545 m
11
98 98 98 98 98
.6 .7 .7 .3 .4
5 2 8 5 5
98 98 98 98 98
.5 .7 .8 .5 .5
5 6 0 4 8
98 98 98 98 98
lvl.).
.7 .7 .7 .6 .6
8 8 5 4 0
BlockLevel
98 98 98 98 98
.8 .8 .9 .7 .6
5 0 0 8
98 98 98 98 98
.9 .9 .8 .6 .5
5 2 5 8 4
98 98 98 98 98
.9 .9 .6 .4 .6
8 3 5 5 5
98 98 98 98 98
.9 .9 .7 .3 .2
0 5 5 8 8
The volume can be found by taking average rectangle/square method. The depth of
=(98.75+98.7+98.68+98.85)/4 – 95.2 (i.e. Avg Top lvl – Bottom
Area = 5 X 5 = 25 sqm
Volume of Earth = Area X Depth = 25 X 3.545 = 88.63 cum
Similarly Volume of Earth has to be calculated for Other Square areas and to be
added to get the total quantity. If there is hard rock, it can be stacked separately. The
volume of Hard rock stacked can be found by taking site measurements. For Ex, refer
below sketch as stack measurement.
= 2/3x(80+24+√(80+24))
= 76.13 cum
The Volume of Hard rock = The volume of stacked quantity – Deduction for voids.
Deduction for Voids should be preaccepted and normally stated in percentage of
stacked quantity. From the total Quantity of the mixture the quantity of hard rock
excavated thus arrived at shall be deducted to work out the quantity of the soft,
disintegrated rock excavated.
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2. Any variations with respect to drawings should be recorded and CVI should be got
from clients and should be intimated to Estimation Department and Project head
immediately.
3. The variation can be like mass Pcc, Variation in Thickness due to site requirement,
Grade change, laying using pump etc. Variation due to faulty execution cannot be
claimed.
4. Shuttering for edges has to be claimed unless it is mass execution.
5. UOM is usually in cum. For Screed it is in sqm.
• Opening up to 0.1 m2
13
A1 and A2 are area at the Top and Bottom
ends.
FORM WORKS:
14
8. No Deductions shall be made for opening up to 0.4 m2. No Deduction shall be
made for any opening /cutouts when slip form technique is used.
9. Formwork to secondary beams shall be measured up to the sides of main beams,
but no deduction shall be made from the formwork of the main beam where the
secondary beam intersects it. Formwork to beam shall be measured up to sides of
column, but no deduction shall be made from the formwork to stanchion or column
casings at intersections of beam.
10. Examples for calculating Footing Concrete & Shuttering: Size of Footing = 4 m x 3m
x 0.8 m with PCC 100 mm thick below with offset of 100 mm all sides.
0.8m 0.9 m
4m
4.2 m
Rectangular Footing
3m
1.28 m
.8 m
1.0 m
15
5m
5.2 m
1m 3m 5.2m 5m
3m
1m
Trapezoidal Footing
PCC concrete and shuttering quantity is calculated similarly as above example.
Concrete quantity for trapezoidal footing = Trapezoidal volume +Rectangular Volume
= d/3 x (A1+A2+√(A1+A2))+Lx B x D
A1 = 5 x 5 = 25 m2
A2 = 3 x 3 = 9 m2
Concrete Quantity = 0.8/3 x (25 + 9 + √(25+9))+5x5x1 = 10.62+25=35.62 cum
Shuttering Quantity = 2 x (L+B) x D = 2 x (5+5) x 1 = 20 m2
A A
B1 SLAB 100mm thk 3.6 m B1
4m
5.6 m
16
C1 B1 C1
6m
Slab 100 mm thk
2.9m 3.0 m
2.4 m
Section AA
C1 – Column 200 x 750 mm; B1 – Beam 200 x 450 mm
Column Concrete & Shuttering:
Column concrete for C1 = L x B x D = 0.75 x 0.2 x 2.9 = 0.44 cum
For four no = 4 x 0.44 = 1.76 cum
Column shuttering for C1 = 2 x (L + B) x D = 2 x (0.75+0.2) x 2.9 = 5.51 m2
For Four no = 4 x 5.51 = 22.04 m2
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Beam Concrete in longer span = L x B x D = 4.5 x 0.2 x 0.5 = 0.45 cum
For 2 Beams = 2 x 0.45 = 0.9 cum
Beam concrete in shorter span = L x B x D = 3.6 x 0.2 x 0.5 = 0.36 cum
For 2 Beams = 2 x 0.36 = 0.72 cum
Total Beam Concrete = 0.72+0.9 = 1.62 cum
Beam Shuttering:
Beam Shuttering in longer span = 2 x L x (D1 + D2) = 2 x 4.5 x (0.6+0.5) = 9.9 m2
For 2 beams = 2 x 9.9 = 19.8 m2
Beam Shuttering in Shorter span = 2 x L x (D1 + D2) = 2 x 3.6 x (0.6+0.5) = 7.92 m2
For 2 Beams = 2 x 7.92 = 15.84 m2
Total Beam Shuttering = 19.8 + 15.84 = 35.64 m2
Reinforcement:
1. Reinforcement is measured normally in metric tones-MT. Unit weight of steel is
7850 kg/cum
2. Weight of bars/rm for different dia can be calculated using w= D2/162 where w-
weight in kg; D-Dia of bar in mm
3. Normally lap of bars is taken as 50 times diameter. When two different dia is
lapped together
the lap length is taken as 50 times of smaller dia.
4. Normally no. of bars in footing mat is calculated by
No of bars in shorter direction =(Length of longer side – cover in both ends/
spacing) +1
No of bars in Longer direction =(Length of Shorter side – cover in both ends/
spacing) +1
5. Cover of footing is 50 mm, Column is 40 mm, beam is 25 mm and slab is 15mm.It
may vary as per design and site.
6. For Tie Bars in columns and stirrups in beam the hook length is taken as 100mm
normally.
7. Extra rods provided as per site should be claimed with proper back up and site
instruction.
8. Chair rods in footing, slab and spacer bars in Beam should be claimed unless
otherwise it is mentioned in the purchase order.
9. Tie bars and stirrups will not be claimed in beam-column junction unless or
otherwise it is done in site.
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Masonry works:
1. For size stone masonry proper CVI should be maintained at site confirming the
width and depth of courses to be done. Site measurements should be taken and
hand sketches should be made with location, width, Depth and length of the
courses. Appropriate levels can also support it. UOM is in cum.
2. Pcc Below SSM and Damp proof course above SSM should be claimed including
shuttering to the sides in Plain cement concrete Item.
3. Blocks of different sizes and specification should be claimed separately. Actual
Height is taken including concrete packing at the top course.
4. Block work is measured in sqm and 12.5 Blocks is considered for 1 sqm.
5. Openings for windows and Doors and other opening should be deducted. Area for
lintels above doors and windows shall not be deducted.
6. Soling is measured in cum. The depth should be supported with levels. Any
deviations should be recorded and can be claimed if it can be justified.
7. Block work/Brickwork for step works is normally missed out. PCC Below steps and
shuttering for edges also should be taken in to account while billing.
8. Brickwork 115 mm thk is measured in sqm. Normally it is done as skin wall in toilet
in water closet area.
9. Brickwork more than 115 mm thk is measured in cum. If standard bricks are used,
500 nos are required for 1 cum.
10. Cinder filling is measured in cum and is done in sunken and hollow portions like
Stepped/sloped classrooms and toilets.
Plastering works:
1. Dimensions shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 m.
2. Areas shall worked out to the nearest 0.1 m2
3. Preparatory work, such as raking out joints, scarifying and cleaning, shall be
included in the description of item unless otherwise specified.
4. Plasterwork shall be classified according to the material used and each
classification shall be measured separately.
5. The following particulars shall be given for each classification.
• Mix of mortar;
• Number of coats and thickness of each coat;
• Nature of surface treatment;
• Nature of base;
19
• Curved work, conical work, spherical work and elliptical work stating the
radius; and
• Any special treatment of base.
6. Plastering on roofs, ceilings and walls shall be measured separately.
7. Removing plaster by scraping or otherwise shall be measured separately in sqm.
8. Plastering in Isolated widths or in Widths not forming part of general plastering
work (as in bands, cornices, sunk, panels, etc) and in chamfers, rounded angles
exceeding 80 mm in girth shall be measured as below:
• 30 cm or below in width/girth, in running meters; and
• Width/girth above 30 cm in sqm.
9. Plastering at a height greater than 10 m above ground / datum level shall be
measured separately in stages of 5 m height except interior plastering incase of
building which shall be measured separately for each storey.
10. All plastering shall be measured in sqm unless otherwise described
11. No Deductions shall be made for ends of joists, beams, posts, etc, and openings not
exceeding 0.5 m2 each and not exceeding 0.5 m2 each and no addition shall be
made for reveals, jambs, soffits, etc, of these openings nor for finish to plaster
around ends of joists, beams, posts, etc.
12. Deductions for openings exceeding 0.5 m2 but not exceeding 3 m2 each shall be
made as follows and no addition shall be made as follows and no addition shall be
made for reveals, jambs, soffits, sill, etc, of these openings:
• When both faces of wall are plastered with same plaster, deduction shall be
made fro one face only.
• When two faces of wall are plastered with different types of plaster 50%
Deduction shall be made on either side.
• When only one face is plastered and the other face is not, full deduction
shall be made from plaster if width of reveal on plastered side is less than
that on unplastered side but if widths of reveal on both sides are equal or
width of reveal on both sides are equal or width of reveal on plastered side
is more, no deduction shall be made.
13. Incase of openings of area above 3 m2 each, deduction shall be made for opening
on each face but jambs, soffits and sills shall be measured.
14. Ceilings shall be measured between walls or partitions and dimensions before
plastering shall be taken. Width covered by cornices or coves, if any shall be
deducted.
20
15. Soffits of stairs shall be measured as plastering on ceilings. Ribs and mouldings on
ceilings shall be measured as for cornices, deduction being made from plastering if
width/girth exceeds 15 cm.
16. Measurement of wall plastering shall be taken between walls or partitions
(Dimensions before plastering being taken) for length and from top of floor or
skirting to ceiling for height. Depth of cornices or coves, if any, shall be deducted.
When taken from top of skirting, for deduction of doors, height of opening should
be considered subtracting the skirting height.
17. Plastering on honeycomb work shall be described and measured in sqm on the
basis of overall superficial area without deducting openings.
21
White washing, colour washing, Distempering, and painting works etc
1. Dimensions shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 m, Areas shall be worked out to
the nearest 0.01 m2 and volume to nearest .01 m3.
2. Works required to be demolished and to be dismantled shall be measured
separately.
3. Distances exceeding 100 m and up to 1 km shall be measured in units of 100 m
and those exceeding 1 km in units of 500 m.
Antitermite Treatment:
1. Antitermite treatment is measured in sqm.
2. Area to be considered is the plinth area of the building.
22
Gypsum and false ceiling works:
2. If client supply the material it should be billed separately and our supply is there it
should be billed separately. Wastage should not exceed more than 5%.
3. Materials normally used are Grid tiles 600 x 600(owatiles, aerolite). The materials
used for Grid works are Main Tee, Cross Tee 1.2 m, Cross Tee 0.6 m, J hook, MS
4. Gypsum ceiling is measured in sqm. Plain and Decorative ceilings should be billed
separately. The drops for the ceiling should be taken in to account based on the
rate analysis. Normally for Infosys projects the drops are also measured for the
5. Gypsum partitions are measured in sqm. The width of the partition, Double side
board or single side board, number of boards on either side etc should be clearly
6. Gypsum cladding and Boxing for Beams and columns are measured in sqm.
punning.
23
5.RUNNING BILLS & FINAL BILLS
Running Bills:
Running bills are prepared every month based upon the work executed in the site. The
Billing engineer has to take the actual measurement at site and prepare the bill. The
running bills should be raised before 25 th of every month and submitted for certification,
along with the invoice before 28th of the month. A copy of the running bill has to be
forwarded to estimation department on 25 th of every month. The running bills should be
certified within 28 days from preparation. The Bill submission date varies as per Location
of site and requirement of client.
Running bill abstract shall be divided into three parts
Annexure A: Items as per PO
Annexure B: Items Exceeding PO
Annexure C: Non Tendered Items
In Annexure A, all the items as per the Purchase order / work order should be included
irrespective of whether its executed in the site or not. If an item is not executed then the
quantity and value will be zero.
In Annexure B, only the items, which are exceeding the PO/WO, shall be included. The
items number should be same as that of the PO. The quantities that are exceeding the PO
quantity shall be included in this annexure.
In Annexure C, all non-tendered items are included. The specification and quantity as
executed in the site are shown in this annexure. The estimation department will give the
rate for the non-tendered item. All non-tendered items should be supported by any of the
following.
24
Pre final
The pre final / final bill should be prepared within 14 days after the handing
over/completion of the project. The final bill should have the following
• Reconciliation statement (client supply and company supplied materials)
• Certified copy of all running bills
• Supporting documents for Non Tendered items
• Rates for Non tendered items (Which shall be provided by estimation department)
The copy of the Pre final bill should be given to QAD for final checking. The final bill should
be submitted for certification after QAD auditing.
The Pre final bill should be certified within 56 days from the date of
preparation/submission.
After certification of Pre Final bill, a copy of the bill has to be forwarded to estimation
department for amendment of the PO. The estimation department will take up the PO
amendment.
FINAL BILL:
Final bill shall be raised only after the amendment of PO. The final bill value
should be equal to the Amended PO Value, so that there will be no problem in accounting
the invoice and for closure of the PO.
The Non Tendered items and deviations will happen in almost all projects. Any item that is
not considered in the estimate is a Non Tendered item. Any which is considered in the
estimate and during the time of execution there is a change in the specification can be
considered as deviation item. For example, in the estimate the following item is
considered
(a) Providing and fixing 190mm high skirting in Jet Black Granite flushed to the wall
surface with mortar backing including chamfering the edges for Staircase
25
It is decided to use Multi color granite instead of jet-black granite, and then the item will
be a deviation item from the original specification. Although the item is considered in
estimate, the rate for the item varies due to change in specification.
If an entirely new item of work, which is not considered in the estimate, is introduced, the
item is billed in Non Tendered item. In normal case, the specification of non-tendered item
has to be clearly decided and the rate has to be finalized before starting the job. But in
very few exceptional cases, the item can be executed with the written approval of
client/consultant.
7. QAD AUDITING
The quantity audit department will audit the client bills periodically.
It’s the responsibility of the billing engineer to give full support to the audit team. Each
item has to be explained properly and any variation informed by the audit team should be
incorporated in the subsequent bills. The audit team will scrutinize the following elements
a. Method of measurement
b. Status of drawing
c. NT items
d. Site Instruction
e. Stages of certification
h. Rates
The billing engineer has to produce the clear facts related to above items. The audit team
will explain the drawbacks, if any, and care should be taken to avoid it.
26
8. BILL CERTIFICATION:
This is one of the most important jobs as far as billing engineers are
necessary documents such as invoice, abstract sheet, detailed measurement sheet, site
instruction/CVI, drawings etc. The client/consultant will verify the bill as executed in site
and certify based on actual. The billing engineer has to explain each item properly with the
help of drawings, hand sketch. There should not be any disparity in the bill submitted. Any
• Properly file the abstract, measurement sheet. The original has to be submitted and
• The invoice in the first page followed by bill abstract, copy of PO and measurement
sheet
• The measurement sheet should be numbered and the page no has to be indicated
• Relevant drawings/ hand sketches to be filed along with the measurement sheet
27
After the certification of the bills, necessary corrections as mentioned by the
architect/consultant/client to be incorporated in the bill and a copy of the bill duly signed
due to the contractor and taxes to be paid by the client against the work executed.
The billing engineer should take minimum time possible for certification of the bills. The
time allotted for certification of running bills is 28 days and final bill is 56 days.
9.RECONCILIATION
reconciliation of client-supplied material has to be attached with the final bill. The
course of the project and comparing with the permissible percentage of wastages. The
materials is achieved. The major items, which are to be recon ciliated, are
2. Cement
3. Steel
4. Sand
5. Tiles
6. Size Stone
7. Blocks
8. Structural Steel
9. Gypsum Materials
28
10. Grid Ceiling materials
11. Granite
10.INVOICING
The bill carries details about the specification, Unit of measurement, quantity,
rate and amount. Apart from these there is a tax component, which may not be shown in
the bill abstract. The tax component may be for the entire amount of bill raised or for
certain item of work. While we submit the bill to the client, the tax component has to be
added and we have to raise a claim for the entire amount. The Invoice is the claim put
forward by the contractor for the item of work executed as per the agreement along with
the taxes/duties as applicable.
29
If the tax component is for the entire bill value then its shown in the invoice itself. If the
tax component is for certain item of work then there should be separate working sheet
attached clearly showing the applicable taxes and the same has to be reflected in the
invoice.
The copy of the bill has to be forwarded to accounts department for invoicing. The
accounts department will provide the appropriate tax percentage/value as per the terms
and conditions in PO/WO/LOI.
ANNEXURE
(1) Format of measurement sheet
(2) Format of bill abstract
(3) Format of reconciliation statement
COST CONTROL CHECK LIST FOR PROJECTS
30
Wastages In Blocks Not more than 5%
No wastages allowed, it must be reused
Mortar wastages
BLOCK WORKS simultaneously
Must be maintained as per proportion by
Mortar mix
Volume batching
TILE DADOING Tile normal wastages Not more than 8% unless design
Must be worked out in the beginning
Any Additional wastages and documented with the approval from
Architects/Clients/Contracts
Rough plastering thickness Not more than 15mm
Average Mortar backing Not more than 20mm
thickness
31
Must be maintained as per proportion by
Mortar mix
Volume batching
SCAFFOLDING Provided to Other Client side Must be charged to them with some
Contractors lumpsum amount fixed at the beginning.
32
Provided at a later stage for
Must be recorded and charged to Client
modifications due to Architect /
with Site instructions
Client instructions
33