Proiect ITI

Date initiale

t m2 kg
m2  400 m2   111.1111
h 3.6 s

T2prim  113 °C

T2sec  143 °C

p 2prim  7.8 bar

p 1prim  4.6 bar

T1prim  162 °C

T1sec  120 °C

Cap1. Alegerea tipului de preincalzitor

PJP -de suprafata

-de tip vertical
-cu 2 treceri
-elastic(permite compensarea fortelor datorate dilatarii)

Grafic + schema 1

T2prim  T2sec
T2m   128 °C
2

T min  T1sec  T2m  8 °C

 Δ Tmin trebuie sa fie mai mare sau egal cu 5 °C => nu se poate alege acest tip de
schimbator de caldura

 T1s 

Se alege astfel urmatorul tip de schimbator de caldura: 
 h 1s 
Grafic + schema 2 h 
 1prim =
 h 1sec 

Cap2. Calculul termic si constructiv al preincalzitorului 
 h 2prim
h
2.1 Calculul suprafetei de incalzire in zona de condensare
 2sec 
2.1.1 Determinarea entalpiilor agentilor termici
 T1prim T1sec 
T2prim T2sec p 1prim p 2prim

Din tabele termodinamice se obtin:

kj
p1' => T1s  148.7208 °C h 1s  626.7299
kg

kj
T1' , p1' => h 1prim  2775.0886
kg

kj
T2' , p2' => h 2prim  474.5199
kg

kj
T1" , p1' => h 1sec  503.9682
kg

kj
T2" , p2' => h 2sec  602.3363
kg

2.1.2 Calculul debitului de aer

r  0.985


m2 h 2sec  h 2prim 
111.11111111111111 ( 602.336279683929474.519860280506
 )
m1    6.3485
h 1prim  h 1sec  r  
( 2775.08861076635503.968219058417 )  0.985

kj
m1  6.3485
kg

m2 111.11111111111111
x   17.5021
m1 6.3484506889334105
 2.1.3 Diferenta medie de temperatura si temperatura medie

 
Q1c  m1 h 1prim  h 1s  6.3484506889334105
 ( 2 775.08861076635626.729869696114
 )  13638.7495
kW

Q2c  r Q1c  13434.1683 kW

Q2c 13434.168286876104 kj
h 2x_c  h 2sec   602.336279683929
  481.4288
m2 111.11111111111111 kg

 
Q1sr  m1 h 1s  h 1sec  6.3484506889334105
 ( 6 26.729869696114
 503.968219058417
)  779.3463 kW

Q2sr  r Q1sr  767.6561 kW

Q2sr 767.65609128200754 kj T2x =

h 2x_sr   h 2prim   474.519860280506
 481.4288
m2 111.11111111111111 kg

Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

 h2x_c p2prim

h2x_c , p2' => T2x  114.6315 °C

t M  T1s  T2x  148.720769341818114.631506754085

  34.0893 °C

t m  T1s  T2sec  148.720769341818143

  5.7208 °C

t M  t m 34.089262587733  5.7207693418179986
t med_c    15.8938 °C
 t M  ln
34.089262587733
ln  
 5.7207693418179986

 t m 
T1c  T1s  148.7208 °C

T2c  T1s  t med_c  148.72076934181815.893789291074148

  132.827 °C

2.1.4 Determinarea numarului de tevi

STAS => d e_c  22 mm

p_c  1.5 mm 2 =

d i_c  d e_c  2 p_c  22  2 1.5  19 mm

pasul s=(1.3...1.5)*de
 p2prim T2c 
s  1.36 d e_c  1.36 22  29.92 mm s  round ( s 0)  30
s  30 mm
Din tabele termodinamice se obtine:

kg
p2' , T2c => 2  932.671
3
m
m
w2c  1.75
s
4 m2 4 111.11111111111111
nt 
2

2
 
 240.101n t  round n t 0  240
 di_c    
19 
    w   932.67097310848
 1.75
 1000 2 2c  1000

n t  240 tevi

 
n  2 n t  6  492 => Din tabel z1  517 n l  13 Dprim  s  24  720 mm

n d  2n l  1  25
n d_c  n d  25
Nr real de tevi

n r_c  z1  n d  517  25  492

n r_c
n tr_c   246
2
4 m2 4 111.11111111111111 m
w2c    1.708
2 2 s
 di_c       932.67097310848
19
 246
    n 
 1000 2 tr_c  1000

k8 mm

Dc  Dprim  d e_c  2 k  720  22  2 8  758 mm

 2.1.5 Calculul coeficientului global de schimb de caldura

Tp1' se alege Tp1prim  T1s  7  148.7207693418187

  141.7208 °C
 1 
 
T1s  Tp1prim  141.720769341818
148.720769341818  1 
Tm    145.2208 °C  =
2 2  cp1 
 
 1
Din tabele termodinamice se obtine:

Tm , p1' =>
kg kJ  Tm 
p 1prim
1  921.4444 cp1  4.2982
3 kg K
m
2
W 7 m
 1  0.6828 1  2.051 10
m K s
m
Se alege: l  3.2 m g  9.81
2
s

3 3
g l 9.81 3.2 15
Ga    7.6452 10
2 2
1 2.05053053628325e-7

1 0.682773629047381 7
a1    1.724 10
1 cp1 1000  4.29815852184084
921.444435843518  1000

1 2.05053053628325e-7
Pr    1.1894
a1 1.7239519547291263E-07

h 1prim  h 1s 
2775.08861076635626.729869696114
K   71.4046

cp1 T1s  Tp1prim   ( 148.720769341818141.720769341818
4.29815852184084  )

17
Ga K Pr  6.4931 10 > 1015

1
3
Nu 1m_prim  0.068 ( Ga K Pr)  58883.4895
 Nu 1m_prim  1 Nu 1m_prim 0.682773629047381 W
1prim    12563.7793
l 3.2 m K

d e_c 22
q l1prim   
1000

 1prim T1s  Tp1prim   
1000

 12563.779307618508
 ( 148.720769341818141.720769341818
 )  6078.4226

W
q l1prim 6078.4226
m

q l1prim  q lpprim   q l2prim

W
otel cu 0,1% C =>  p  52.335
m K


2    p  Tp1prim  Tp2prim 
q lpprim    q l1prim
=>
 de_c 
ln 
 d i_c 

 de_c   2p 
q l1prim ln  22  
 6078.4226232172141  ln   
d i_c
   141.720769341818  19   139.0108
2p
Tp2prim  Tp1prim     =°C
2    p 2   52.335 cp2p
 
 
 2p 

Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

 Tp2prim p2prim
kg W
Tp2' , p2' => 2p  927.243  2p  0.6837
3 m K
m
2
kJ 7 m
cp2p  4.2826 2p  2.1371 10
kg K s

 2p 0.68365099520888 7
a2p    1.7216 10
2p cp2p 1000  4.28255452098475
927.242954179557  1000

2p  2f 
Pr2p  
2.13707945827925e-7
 1.2413  
a2p 1.7216228088101179E-07   2f 
 =
 cp2f 
 
 2f 

 T2c 
p 2prim
 Din tabele termodinamice se obtin:

kg W
T2c , p2' => 2f  932.671  2f  0.684
3 m K
m
2
kJ 7 m
cp2f  4.2692 2f  2.2316 10
kg K s

d i_c 19
w2c 
1.7080352899665967
1000 1000
Re2f    145421.081
2f 2.23163452499054e-7

 2f 0.683976909237273 7
a2f    1.7178 10
2f cp2f 1000  4.26919084892119
932.67097310848  1000

2f 2.23163452499054e-7
Pr2f  explicit2f a2f   1.2991
a2f 1.7177794772880413E-07

0.25
0.8 0.43  Pr2f 
Nu 2c_prim  0.02 Re2f  Pr2f  
 Pr2p 
0.25
Nu 2c_prim  0.02 145421.08103253559 1.2991391237912282   
0.8 0.43 1.2991391237912282

 1.2413168827359291


Nu2c_prim  305.4549
Nu 2c_prim  Nu 2c_prim  305.4549

Nu 2c_prim  2f  0.683976909237273
305.45488514034491 W
2prim    10996.0046
di_c 19 2
m K
1000 1000

d i_c 19
q l2prim   
1000
 
 2prim Tp2prim  T2c   
1000
 10996.00464472207
 ( 139.01080823449559132.82698005074386
 )  4058.7827
 W
q l2prim 4058.7827 Tp1sec  Tp1prim  3 if q l1prim q l2prim  144.7208
m
 Tp1prim  3 otherwise

Daca ql1'>ql2' atunci rezulta Tp1"=Tp1'+3 altfel Tp1"=Tp1'-3

Tp1sec  Tp1sec  144.7208

=> Tp1prim  141.7208 °C Tp1sec  144.7208 °C
 1 
 
T1s  Tp1sec  144.720769341818
148.720769341818  1 
Tm    146.7208 °C  =
2 2 cp1
 
 
 1
Din tabele termodinamice se obtin:

 Tm 
p 1prim

kg W
Tm , p1' => 1  920.0598  1  0.6826
3 m K
m
2
kJ 7 m
cp1  4.3019 1  2.031 10
kg K s

3 3
g l 9.81 3.2 15
Ga    7.7932 10
2 2
1 2.03096022546248e-7

1 0.682561378012095 7
a1    1.7245 10
1 cp1 1000  4.30189114577954
920.059766252929  1000

1 2.03096022546248e-7
Pr    1.1777
a1 1.7245121321714353E-07

h 1prim  h 1s 
2775.08861076635626.729869696114
k   124.8497

cp1 T1s  Tp1sec   ( 148.720769341818144.720769341818
4.30189114577954  )

18
Ga k Pr  1.1459 10 > 1015
 1
3
Nu 1m_sec  0.068 ( Ga k Pr)  71157.6834

Nu 1m_sec  1  0.682561378012095
71157.683442697657 W
1sec    15177.9645
l 3.2 2
mK

d e_c 22
q l1sec    1sec
1000
 
 T1s  Tp1sec    15177.964520873797

1000
 ( 148.720769341818144.720769341818
 )  4196.1024

W
q l1sec  4196.1024
m

 de_c 
 ln 
q l1sec ln 22
d i_c
 4196.102401499681
Tp2sec  Tp1sec 
   144.720769341818

 19   142.85 °C
2    p 2   52.335  2p 
 
  2p 
 =
 cp2p 
Din tabele termodinamice se obtin:  
 2p 

pt Tp2" , p2' => 2p  923.7882

kg
 2p  0.6833
W  Tp2sec 
p 2prim
3 m K
m
2
kJ 7 m
cp2p  4.2914 2p  2.0829 10
kg K s

 2p 0.683278951528658 7
a2p    1.7235 10
2p cp2p 1000  4.29144036474569
923.788206422539  1000

2p 2.0828916568605e-7
Pr2p    1.2085
a2p 1.723544683525685E-07

0.25
0.8 0.43  Pr2f 
Nu 2c_sec  0.02 Re2f  Pr2f  
 Pr2p 
0.25
Nu 2c_sec  0.02 145421.08103253559 1.2991391237912282   
0.8 1.2991391237912282 0.43

 1.2084929835411835

 Nu2c_sec  307.5082
Nu 2c_sec  Nu 2c_sec  307.5082

Nu 2c_sec   2f  0.683976909237273
307.50820443932827 W
2sec    11069.9216
di_c 19 2
m K
1000 1000

d i_c d i_c
q l2sec   
1000

 2sec Tp2sec  T2c   
1000
 11069.921644079748
 ( 142.85000861732141132.82698005074386
 )  6622.8816

W
q l2sec  6622.8816
m
 Tp1  Tp1prim  ql2sec  ql2prim

q l2 Tp1  Tp1sec  Tp1prim
 q l2prim
Dependenta ql1 si ql2 de temperatura Tp1
 
Tp1  Tp1prim q l1sec  q l1prim 

q l1 Tp1   Tp1sec  Tp1prim
 q l1prim

T p1prim T p1sec

8000

6000
 
ql1 T p1
Tp1sec  Tp1prim  1
ql2 T p1 
4000

2000

140 142 144 146

T p1 Tp1  1

    
Tp1stelat  root q l1 Tp1  q l2 Tp1 Tp1  143.0834 
   
q l_stelat  round q l1 Tp1stelat 0  5223
Tp1stelat  round  Tp1stelat 2  143.08
 Din grafic, la intersectia celor doua drepte se obtin:

Tp1stelat  143.08 °C

W
q l_stelat  5223
m

q l_stelat 5223 W
klc    328.6189
t med_c 15.893789291074148 m K

d e_c  d i_c 22  19
dm    20.5 mm
2 2

klc 328.61892808238019
ks_c    5102.5685
dm 20.5
 
1000 1000

3 3
Q2c 10  10
13434.168286876104 2
S   165.6512 m
ks_c  t med_c  15.893789291074148
5102.5684680849627

S 165.65116410900791
lc    5.2279 m
dm 20.5
n r_c   492  
1000 1000

2.2 Calculul suprafetei de incalzire in zona de subracire

2.2.1 Diferenta medie de temperatura si temperatura medie

Grafic
 t M  T1s  T2x  148.720769341818114.631506754085
  34.0893 °C

t m  T1sec  T2prim  120  113  7 °C

t M  t m 7
34.089262587733
t med_s    17.1118 °C
 t M  ln 
34.089262587733
ln  
 7 
 t m 

T2prim  T2x 113  114.631506754085

T2sr    113.8158 °C
2 2
 1sr 
T1sr  T2sr  t med_s  113.8157533770425
 17.111829000614488
 130.9276 °C =
 1sr 

2.2.2 Determinarea numarului de tevi

m
w1 =0.5 ... 0.6 m/s => Aleg w1  0.55
s
 T1sr 
p 1prim

Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

2
kg 7 m
pt T1sr , p1' => 1sr  934.1377 1sr  2.2621 10
3 s
m

m1 6.3484506889334105 2
St1    0.0124 m
w1  1sr 0.55 934.137663122915

2
  d i_s
St1  n t
4

din STAS:

d e_s  20 mm p_s  1.5 mm

d i_s  d e_s  2 p_s  20  2 1.5  17 mm

 4 St1 4 0.0123564631551782
nt 
2

2
 54.4385  
n t  ceil n t  55
 d i_s   17   
    1000
 1000  

=> n t  55 tevi

 
n  2 n t  10  2 ( 55  10)  130

s  1.6 d e_s  32 mm

Din tabel rezulta: z  127 nl  7 Dprim  12 s  384 mm

n d  2 n l  1  2 7  1  13

n r_s  z  n d  127  13  114 n d_sr  n d  13

n r_s 114
n tr_s    57
2 2

Recalculare viteza

m1 6.3484506889334105 m
w1    0.5253
2 2 s
 d i_s     17
   
 1000  57
934.137663122915
 1000
1sr n tr_s  4
4

k =6 ... 10 mm Aleg k  10 mm

Ds  Dprim  d e_s  2 k  384  20  2 10  424 mm

Δ = 10....12 mm Aleg   11 mm

 2 2
  424  2  20  
2
  Ds   de_s  
               
1   1000 Ds   1000    1    1000  424  11  114  2sr1000
 
 =   0.0504
St2       n r_s   
2  4 1000 1000 4  2 4 1000 1000  2sr4 

 T2sr 
p 2prim
 Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

2
kg 7 m
pt T2sr , p2' => 2sr  948.3097 2sr  2.5915 10
3 s
m

m2 111.11111111111111 m
w2    2.3267
St2 2sr  948.309708310325
0.050358791986008004 s w2  2.5  1

w2 < 2.5 m/s

Valorile numarului Reynolds

d i_s 17
w1  
0.52528413993988621
1000 1000
Re1sr    39475.0064
1sr 2.26214792192121e-7

Perimetrul unui singur drum pentru fluidul secundar

 Ds   424
P2     Ds  n tr_s    d e_s   11  424  57   20  4660.4333 mm
2 2

Diametrul hidraulic echivalent

4 St2 4 0.050358791986008004
dh    0.0432 m
P 2 4660.4332676533995

1000 1000

w2  d h  0.043222412246975005
2.3266550002577797
Re2sr    388048.0136
2sr 2.59152574054279e-7
  1sr 
 
Determinarea coeficientului de schimb de caldura   1sr 
 =
 cp1sr 
a. Calcul analitic aproximativ  
 1sr 
Se considera Prf/Prp=1

*Fluidul primar*
 T1sr 
p 1prim

Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

kg W
pt T1sr , p1' => 1sr  934.1377  1sr  0.6838
3 m K
m

2
7 m kJ
1sr  2.2621 10 cp1sr  4.2662
s kg K

 1sr 0.683809372696062 7
a1sr    1.7159 10
1sr cp1sr 1000  4.26619146030022
934.137663122915  1000

1sr 2.26214792192121e-7
Prf1    1.3184
a1sr 1.7158678009606644E-07

0.8 0.43 0.8 0.43

Nu 1a  0.021Re
 1sr  Prf1  0.02139475.006441639271
  1.31836958573073  112.4328

Nu 1a  1sr  0.683809372696062

112.43280555502778 W
1a    4522.5062
di_s 17 2
m K
1000 1000

 2sr 
*Fluidul secundar*  
  2sr 
 =
 cp2sr 
 
 2sr 

 T2sr 
p 2prim
 Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

kg W
pt T2sr , p2' => 2sr  948.3097  2sr  0.6827
3 m K
m

2
7 m kJ
2sr  2.5915 10 cp2sr  4.2347
s kg K

 2sr 0.682740992730694 7
a2sr    1.7001 10
2sr cp2sr 1000  4.23467484157517
948.309708310325  1000

2sr 2.59152574054279e-7
Prf2    1.5243
a2sr 1.7001440264086654E-07

0.8 0.43 0.8 0.43

Nu 2a  0.021Re
 2sr  Prf2  0.021388048.01358663966
  1.5242977655352255  744.8138

d e_s 20
Pt  n tr_s     57    3.5814 m
1000 1000

4 St2 4 0.050358791986008004
d te    0.0562 m
Pt 3.5814156250923639

Nu 2a  2sr  0.682740992730694

744.81375081154351 W
2a    9041.1379
d te 0.0562445661242786 2
m K

Rezistentele termice

2
1 1 4 m K
R1a    2.2112 10
1a 4522.5062492377565 W
 2
1 1 4 m K
R2a    1.1061 10
2a 9041.1379208602139 W

W
 p  50
m K

p_s 1.5
2
1000 1000 5 m K
Rp    3  10
p 50 W

2
4 m K
Rta  R1a  R2a  Rp  0.000221116333486226690.0001106055464205169
  3E-05  3.6172 10
W

Coeficientul global de schimb de caldura (aproximativ)

1 1 W
ka    2764.5549
Rta 0.00036172187990674362 m K

W
q a  ka t med_s  2764.5549123481619
 17.111829000614488
 47306.5909 2
m

b. Calculul analitc exact al coeficientului global de schimb de caldura

Temperaturi medii pereti

t p1a  T1sr  q a R1a  130.92758237765747306.590922910524

  0.00022111633348622669
 120.4673 °C

t p2a  T2sr  q a R2a  113.8157533770425

 47306.590922910524
 0.0001106055464205169
 119.0481 °C

 p  t p1a  t p2a  1.4192 °C

Verificare  1a 
 
  1a 
 p  q a Rp  47306.590922910524
 3E-05  1.4192 °C
 =
cp1a
 
 
 1a 

 tp1a 
p 1prim
Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

kg W
pt tp1a , p1' => 1a  942.858  1a  0.6834
3 m K
m

2
7 m kJ
1a  2.4516 10 cp1a  4.2465
s kg K

 2a 
 
 1a 0.683385356189013  7  2a 
a1a    1.7068 10
1a cp1a 1000  4.24651495514566
942.85800120851  1000  =
 cp2a 
 

 2a 
1a 2.45161275551865e-7
Prp1    1.4364
a1a 1.7068160557996183E-07

 tp2a 
p 2prim

Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

kg W
pt tp2a , p1' => 2a  944.1635  2a  0.6834
3 m K
m

2
7 m kJ
2a  2.4805 10 cp2a  4.2433
s kg K

 2a 0.683435040839205 7
a2a    1.7059 10
2a cp2a 1000  4.24325346870221
944.163521409085  1000

2a 2.48049115587681e-7
Prp2    1.4541
a2a 1.7058901048401361E-07
 Factorii de temperatura

0.25 0.25
 Prf1   1.31836958573073
 Pr    1.4363661199390965
  0.9788
 p1   

0.25 0.25
 Prf2   1.5242977655352255

 Pr    1.4540744147814049
  1.0119
 p2   

0.25 0.25
 Prf1   Prf1  W
1  1a   
 4522.5062492377565   4426.6194
 Prp1   Prp1  2
m K

0.25 0.25
 Prf2   Prf2  W
2  2a    9041.1379208602139
   9148.3735
 Prp2   Prp2  2
m K

2
1 1 4 m K
R1    2.2591 10
1 4426.6193828078049 W

2
1 1 4 m K
R2    1.0931 10
2 9148.3735463675166 W

2
4 m K
Rt  R1  Rp  R2  3.6522 10
W

1 1 W
k   2738.1126
Rt 0.00036521507515538312 2
m K
 Se recalculeaza fluxul termic unitar

W
q  k t med_s  2738.1126027575492
 17.111829000614488
 46854.1146
2
m

Recalcularea si verificarea temperaturii peretilor

t p1r  T1sr  q  R1  130.92758237765746854.114642814646

  0.00022590602749443978
 120.343
verificare
°C
t p1r  t p1a  0.25  1
t p2r  T2sr  q  R2  113.8157533770425
 46854.114642814646
 0.00010930904766094333 118.9373 °C
t p2r  t p2a  0.25  1

=> Diferentele dintre temperaturile initiale si cele recalculate sunt de ordinul (0.2 ... 0.3) grade

Abaterea coeficientului global de schimb de caldura

ka  k 
2764.55491234816192738.1126027575492
k   100   100  0.9657 %
k 2738.1126027575492

W
=> ks_sr  k  2738.1126
2
m K

2.2.4 Calculul suprafetei si lungimea tevilor

3 3
Q2sr 10  10
767.65609128200754 2
Ssr    16.384 m
k t med_s  17.111829000614488
2738.1126027575492

 di_s  de_s 
dm   18.5 m
2

Ssr 16.38396322572989
ls    2.4728 m
dm 18.5
n r_s    114  
3 3
10 10
 3. Calculul hidrodinamic al schimbatoarelor de caldura
v1 =
3.1. Calculul pierderilor de presiune pentru fluidul primar

3.1.1. Zona de condesare

4
c=(1.2 ... 1.8)*10-4 => Aleg c  1.8 10  T1s 
p 1prim

Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

3
m
pt T1s , p1' => v 1  0.4054
kg

2.5 2.5
 m1 3600 v 1   6.3484506889334105 
 3600 0.405425497410359
p 1c  c 
4
 1.8 10   p 1c p 1c 133.322
0.01399
mmHg
 lc d e_c n r_c   5.22788054667368 22 492 
 

p 1c  1.8649 Pa

3.1.2 Zona de subracire

k =0.2 ... 0.3 mm => Aleg k  0.25 mm

k 0.25
    0.0147
d i_s 17

10 10
Re1    680
 0.014705882352941176

560 560
Re2    38080
 0.014705882352941176
 Re1sr  Re2  1

 2 lg
1 3.72 
Prandtl-Nikuradse =>  Re1sr  Re1  1
f   

2 2
f   1    1   0.0433
   
 2 log   
3.72 3.72
  2 log 0.014705882352941176

      

1 1
3 3
 Prp1 
    0.0445
1.4363661199390965
ft  f     0.043292605565885371 
 Prf1   
1.31836958573073

2 2
2ls w1 2 2.47282004249478150.52528413993988621
p 1lin_sr  ft   1sr  0.044547470649729
   934.137663122915
 1670.1908
di_s 2 17 2
1000 1000

p 1lin_sr  1670.1908 Pa

Explicitarea pierderilor locale de presiune

intrarea din tevi in camere=> 1  1

iesirea din camere in tevi=> 2  1

intoarcere in cotul tevilor in U=>  3  0.5

intrarea din tevi in camere=> 4  1 =>  tot  7

iesirea din camera sub unghiul de 900=>  5  1.5

iesirea din camere in tevi=> 6  1

vana => 7  1

2 2
w1 0.52528413993988621
p 1loc_sr   tot   1sr  7  934.137663122915
 902.1266 Pa
2 2
p 1sr  p 1lin_sr  p 1loc_sr  2572.3175 Pa

3.2 Calculul pierderilor de presiune pentru fluidul secundar

3.2.1 Zona de condensare

k 0.25
    0.0132
d i_c d i_c

10 10
Re1    760
 0.013157894736842105

560 560
Re2    42560
 0.013157894736842105
Re2f  Re2  1

 2 lg
1 3.72 
Prandtl-Nikuradse =>  Re2f  Re1  1
f   

2 2
f   1    1   0.0416
   
 2 log   2 log 
3.72 3.72
 
      0.013157894736842105


 d e_c 
  
q l_stelat ln 22
 5223ln
 d i_c
  143.08  19   140.6427  p 
Tp2  Tp1stelat  =
2   p 2   50  f 

 Tp2 
T2c p 2prim
 Din tabele termodinamice rezulta

4
pt Tp2 , p2' => p  1.9568 10 Pa s
4
f  2.0814 10 Pa s

1 1
3 3
 p 
    0.0408
0.000195677641453112
ft  f     0.0416032297306959 
 f   
0.00020813807440454

2 2
2lc w2c 2 5.227880546673681.7080352899665967
p 2lin_c  ft   2  0.040755879658004278
   932.67097310848
 30512.9688
di_c 2 19 2
1000 1000

p 2lin_c  30512.9688 Pa

Explicitarea pierderilor locale de presiune

intrarea din tevi in camere=> 1  1

iesirea din camere sub unghiul de 900=>  2  1.5

iesirea din camere in tevi=> 3  1

intoarcere in cotul tevilor in U=>  4  0.5 =>  tot  8.5

intrarea din tevi in camere=> 5  1

iesirea din camere sub unghiul de 900=>  6  1.5

iesirea din camere in tevi=> 7  1

8  1
vana =>

2 2
w2c 1.7080352899665967
p 2loc_c   tot   2  8.5  932.67097310848
 11564.0795 Pa
2 2
p 2c  p 2lin_c  p 2loc_c  42077.0484 Pa

3.2.2 Zona de subracire

k 0.25
    0.0058
d h  1000  1000
0.043222412246975005

10 10
Re1    1728.89649
 0.0057840362673764623

560 560
Re2    96818.2034
 0.0057840362673764623
Re2sr  Re2  1

 2 lg
1 3.72 
Prandtl-Nikuradse =>  Re2sr  Re1  1
f   

2 2
f        0.0317
1 1
  

 2 log
3.72 
 
 2 log
3.72  
 
      0.0057840362673764623


4
f  2sr 2sr  2.4576 10 Pa s
4
p  2a 2a  2.342 10 Pa s

1 1
3 3
 p 
    0.0312
0.00023419892645567416
ft  f     0.031699274169652895 
 f   0.00024575690190928339

 2 2
2ls w2 2 2.47282004249478152.3266550002577797
p 2lin_sr  ft   2sr  0.031194333454864789
   948.309708310325
 9161.6437
dh 2 0.043222412246975005 2

p 2lin_sr  9161.6437 Pa

Explicitarea pierderilor locale de presiune

intrarea din tevi in camere=> 1  1

intrare in spatiul dintre tevi =>  2  1.5

perpendicular pe tevi

intoarcere la 1800=> 3  1

iesire din spatiul dintre tevi la 900=>  4  1.5 =>  tot  7

intrarea din camere in tevi=> 5  1

vana=> 6  1

2 2
w2 2.3266550002577797
p 2loc_sr   tot   2sr  7  948.309708310325
 17967.2753 Pa
2 2

p 2sr  p 2lin_sr  p 2loc_sr  27128.919 Pa

 p 1
p 1  p 1c  p 1sr  2574.1824 Pa => p 1   0.0257 bar
5
10
p 2
p 2  p 2c  p 2sr  69205.9674 Pa => p 2   0.6921 bar
5
10

p 1sec  p 1prim  p 1  4.6  0.025741824064425604

 4.5743 bar

p 2sec  p 2prim  p 2  7.8  0.69205967351787023

 7.1079 bar

4. Calculul indicilor de calitate

Coeficientul de retinere a caldurii


m2 h 2sec  h 2prim  111.11111111111111 ( 602.336279683929474.519860280506
 )
r    0.985
m1  h 1prim  h 1sec 6.3484506889334105 ( 2 775.08861076635503.968219058417
 )

Randamentul termodinamic

kJ
h 1_0  100 la temperatura de ~ 20...25 0C
kg


m2 h 2sec  h 2prim  111.11111111111111 ( 602.336279683929474.519860280506
 )
td    0.8363
m1  h 1prim  h 1_0 6.3484506889334105  ( 2 775.08861076635100
 )

Eficienta termica

T2sec  T2prim 143  113

    0.8398
T1s  T2prim 
148.720769341818113
 Eficienta procesului de incalzire

T2sec  T2prim 143  113

inc    0.8398
T1s  T2prim 
148.720769341818113

Eficienta procesului de racire

T1s  T1sec 
148.720769341818120
rac    s 1prim   0.804
T1s  T2prim 
148.720769341818113
 v1prim
 
Randamentul termic  s 1sec 
v 
 1sec 
T2sec  T2prim 143  113 =
t_cc    s 2prim   0.8398
T1s  T2prim 
148.720769341818113

 v2prim
s 
Randamentul exergetic  2sec 
 v2sec 
   T1prim p 1prim T1sec p 1sec T2prim p 2prim T2sec p 2sec 

Metoda directa

t 0  20 °C T0  293.15 K

Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

kJ kJ
s 1prim  6.9203 s 1sec  1.5276
kg kg

kJ kJ
s 2prim  1.4511 s 2sec  1.77
kg kg

kJ
e1prim  h 1prim  T0 s 1prim  2775.08861076635293.156.92027087096786
   746.4112
kg

kJ
e1sec  h 1sec  T0 s 1sec  503.968219058417293.151.52757974586836
   56.1582
kg
 kJ
e2prim  h 2prim  T0 s 2prim  474.519860280506293.151.45113124227696
   49.1207
kg

kJ
e2sec  h 2sec  T0 s 2sec  602.336279683929293.151.76995146897631
   83.475
kg


m2 e2sec  e2prim  111.11111111111111 ( 83.47500655352371349.1207366070152
 )
EX    0.8711
m1  e1prim  e1sec 6.3484506889334105 ( 7 46.4112049421221456.158216557107323
 )

Metoda indirecta

T1s  T1prim  162

148.720769341818
T1   273.15   273.15 428.5104 K
2 2

T2prim  T2sec 113  143

T2   273.15   273.15 401.15 K
2 2

t M  T1s  T2prim  148.720769341818113

  35.7208 °C

t m  T1sec  T2prim  120  113  7 °C

t M  t m 7
35.720769341818
t med    17.622
 t M  ln 
35.720769341818
ln  
 7 
 t m 
Q1  Q1c  Q1sr  13638.749529823455779.34628556548989
  14418.0958 kW

t med 17.622026693307994
T  T0  Q1  293.15  14418.095815388946
 433.2968 kW
T1 T2  401.15
428.510384670909

Din tabele termodinamice rezulta:

3 3
m m
v 1prim  0.420848 v 1sec  0.00106
kg kg
3 3
m m
v 2prim  0.001054 v 2sec  0.001083
kg kg
 v 1prim  v 1sec 3

0.4208482127842250.00106018106290337 m
v1    0.0702
 v 1prim ln
0.420848212784225 kg
ln  
 0.00106018106290337

 v 1sec 

v 2prim  v 2sec 3

0.001053801586171350.0010827035199759 m
v2    0.0011
 v 2prim 
ln 
0.00105380158617135 kg
ln  
 0.0010827035199759

 v 2sec 

T0 2 T0 2
l   m1 v 1 p 1 10   m  v  p 2 10  6.7868 kW
T1 T2 2 2

 T0 
1  293.15   ( 1  0.98499999999999988
m   1  
 1  r Q1     )  14418.095815388946
 68.3171
 T1
  
428.510384670909

m  68.3171 kW

  T  l  m  433.29683106324376.78679915336174
  68.317095650736348
 508.4007 kW

 
E 1  m1 e1prim  e1sec  6.3484506889334105
 ( 7 46.4112049421221456.158216557107323
 )  4382.0371
kW

 508.40072586734181
EX  1   1  0.884
E 1 4382.0370596511921

Metoda bilantului exergetic

T0
1 293.15
T2 1
401.15
ex    0.8523
T0 293.15
1 1
T1 428.510384670909
 T0 2 293.15 2
l1   m  v  p 1 10   6.3484506889334105
 0.070153706712560659
 0.025741824064425604
 10  0.7843
T1 1 1 428.510384670909

l1  0.7843 kW

T0 2 293.15 2
l2   m2 v 2 p 2 10   111.11111111111111 0.0010681873872612911
 0.69205967351787023
 10  6.0025
T2 401.15

l2  6.0025 kW

l1 0.7843072659831829
1    0.000172
 T0  1  293.15   14418.095815388946
1    Q1  
T1  
428.510384670909
 

l2 6.0024918873785564
2    0.00157
 T0  1  293.15
 1  T   Q1 r    14418.095815388946
 0.98499999999999988
 401.15
 2

1  1 1  0.00017220592997531852
en0    0.9983
1  2 1  0.0015698945617085452

EX  ex r en0  0.85228869974522026

 0.98499999999999988
 0.998260630135607
 0.838

Pierderea specifica de presiune

Zona de condensare

ks_c  S ks_c  165.65116410900791

NTC2    1.7819
3 3
m2 cp2f 10 111.11111111111111 4.26919084892119
 10

p 2c 42077.04837332225
p sp2    23613.7518 Pa
NTC2 1.7818874651809109
 Zona de subracire

Fluid primar

ks_sr  Ssr 2738.1126027575492 16.38396322572989

NTC1    1.6564
3 3
m1 cp1sr 10  4.26619146030022
6.3484506889334105  10

p 1sr 2572.3174806454326
p sp1    1552.9676 Pa
NTC1 1.6563883835012838

Fluid secundar

ks_sr  Ssr 2738.1126027575492  16.38396322572989

NTC2    0.0953
3 3
m2 cp2sr 10 111.11111111111111 4.23467484157517 10

p 2sr 27128.918978464775
p sp2    284537.6754 Pa
NTC2 0.095343855391079438

5. Calculul de rezistenta

5.1 Calculul grosimii mantalei

5.1.1 Calculul grosimii mantalei in zona de condensare

Dc  758 mm
=>
p 1prim  4.6 bar

din STAS OL32

daN
r  3200
2
cm

cr  4

r daN
a   800
cr 2
cm
   0.95 coef de rezistenta al imbinarilor sudate

c  0.998 cm adaosul datorat coroziunii

Grosimea peretelui mantalei:

p 1prim Dc 4.6 758

m_c 
230   a  p 1prim
c 
230 0.95 800  4.6
 0.998  1.0179  
m_c  10 round m_c0  10

Rezulta m_c  10mm

Dext  Dc  2 m_c  758  2 10  778 mm

5.1.2 Calculul grosimii mantalei in zona de subracire

Ds  424 mm
=>
p 2prim  7.8 bar

din STAS OL32

daN
r  3200
2
cm

cr  4

r daN
a   800
cr 2
cm

  0.95 coef de rezistenta al imbinarilor sudate

c  0.998 cm adaosul datorat coroziunii

Grosimea peretelui mantalei:

 p 2prim Ds 7.8 424
m_s 
230   a  p 2prim
c 
230 0.95 800  7.8
 0.998  1.0169
m_s  10 round m_s 0  10 

Rezulta m_s  10mm

Dext  Ds  2 m_s  424  2 10  444 mm

Calculul racordurilor

=
Calculul racordului de intrare abur

m
wab  35
s

kg
 T1prim p1prim
T1' , p1' =>   2.3762
3
m
4 m1 4 6.3484506889334105
d    0.3118 m
  wab     35 2.37615360983537

STAS => Dn  350 mm

De  375 mm

  12 mm

d  De  2  375  2 12  351 mm

4m1 4 6.3484506889334105 m
wab_rec    27.6114
2 2 s
       
d 351 
   2.37615360983537
 1000  1000
 =

Calculul racordului de iesire abur condensat din zona de condensare

si intrare in zona de subracire

 T1s 
p 1prim
m
wcd  w1  0.5253
s

kg
  918.1978
3
m

4 m1 4 6.3484506889334105
d   m  0.1295
  wcd     0.52528413993988621
 918.197818103971

STAS => Dn  150 mm

De  168 mm

8 mm

d  De  2  168  2 8  152 mm

4m1 4 6.3484506889334105 m
wcd_rec    0.381
2 2 s
       
d 152 
   918.197818103971 =
 1000  1000

Calculul racordului de iesire a condensatului din zona de subracire

 T1sec 
p 1prim
m
wcd  w1  0.5253
s

kg
  943.2364
3
m

4 m1 4 6.3484506889334105
d    0.1277
  wcd     0.52528413993988621
 943.236395644587 m
 STAS => Dn  150 mm

De  168 mm

8 mm

d  De  2  168  2 8  152 mm

4m1 4 6.3484506889334105 m
wcd_rec    0.3709
2 2 s
       
d 152  =
   943.236395644587
 1000  1000

Calculul racordului de intrare a agentului secundar in zona de subracire

 T2prim p2prim
m
wapa  w2  2.3267
s

kg
  948.9452
3
m

4 m2 4 111.11111111111111
d    0.2531 m
  wapa     2.3266550002577797
 948.945240852385

STAS => Dn  300 mm

De  324 mm

  10 mm

d  De  2  324  2 10  304 mm

4m2 4 111.11111111111111 m
wapa_rec    1.6132
2 2 s
       
d 304 
   948.945240852385
 1000  1000

=

 T2x p2prim
 Calculul racordului de iesire apa din zona de subracire si intrare in
zona de condensare

m
wapa  w2  2.3267
s

kg
  947.6712
3
m

4 m2 4 111.11111111111111
d    0.2533 m
  wapa     2.3266550002577797
 947.671234476322

STAS => Dn  300 mm

De  324 mm

  10 mm

d  De  2  324  2 10  304 mm

4m2 4 111.11111111111111 m
wapa_rec    1.6153
2 2 s
       
d 304 
   947.671234476322
 1000  1000 =

Calculul racordului de intrare apa din zona de subracire in zona de condensare

 T2x p2prim
m
wapa  w2  2.3267
s

kg
  947.6712
3
m

4 m2 4 111.11111111111111
d    0.2533 m
  wapa     2.3266550002577797
 947.671234476322
 STAS => Dn  300 mm

De  324 mm

  10 mm

d  De  2  324  2 10  304 mm

4m2 4 111.11111111111111 m
wapa_rec    1.6153
2 2 s
       
d 304  =
   947.671234476322
 1000  1000

Calculul racordului de iesire apa din zona de condensare

 T2sec 
p 2prim
m
wapa  w2c  1.708
s

kg
  923.6519
3
m

4 m2 4 111.11111111111111
d    0.2995 m
  wapa     1.7080352899665967
 923.651909621066

STAS => Dn  300 mm

De  324 mm

  10 mm

d  De  2  324  2 10  304 mm

4m2 4 111.11111111111111 m
wapa_rec    1.6573
2 2 s
       
d 304 
   923.651909621066
 1000  1000
 5.3 Calculul sistemului placa tubulara-tevi

5.3.1 Calculul sistemului placa tubulara-tevi in zona de condensare

Dc  758 mm

c  0.57


p  max p 1primp 2prim  7.8  bar

2 2
 di_c   19 
 103   3
Ga  n r_c lc  
   2 g  492 5.22788054667368
 
 10   932.67097310848
 9.81  6672.4497 N
4 4 a G  G  0.10197 680.3897
a

Ga  680.3897 kgf

kgf
 OL  7860
3
m

 d 2 2 2 2
 e_c    di_c    22    19 
 3   3    3  3
Gt  n r_c lc  
  10   10  
  OL  492 5.22788054667368
 
 10   10   7860 1953.0272
4 4

Gt  1953.0272 kgf

G  Ga  Gt  680.38969791621481953.0272248452025
  2633.4169 kgf

4G 4 2633.4169227614175 daN
q    0.5836
2 2 2
 Dc    
758  cm
   
 10   10 

  0.5

mandrinata d 0  1.015d
 e_c  1.01522
  22.33 mm
 n d_c  25

d 0  n d_c d 0  558.25

Dc  d 0 758  558.25
    0.2635
Dc 758

Dc p  q 758 7.8  0.58356781208614206

p 
2

a  
  c 
2
  0.5  0.57  54.0123
800 0.26352242744063326 p  ceil p  55  

p  55 mm

5.3.1 Calculul sistemului placa tubulara-tevi in zona de subracire

Ds  424 mm

c  2.97


p  max p 1primp 2prim  7.8  bar

2 2
 di_s   17 
 103   3
Ga  n r_s  ls   
   1sr g  114 2.4728200424947815
 
 10   934.137663122915 9.81  586.3609
N
4 4 aG  G  0.10197 59.7912
a

Ga  59.7912 kgf

kgf
 OL  7860
3
m

 d  2  d  2 2 2
 e_s    i_s    20    17 
 3   3    3  3
Gt  n r_s  ls   
 10   10  
  OL  114 2.4728200424947815
 
 10   10   7860  193.1669
4 4

Gt  193.1669 kgf
 G  Ga  Gt  59.791217493899694193.16692643135539
  252.9581 kgf

4G 4 252.95814392525509 daN
q    0.1792
2 2 2
 Ds    
424  cm
   
 10   10 

  0.5

mandrinata d 0  1.015d
 e_s  1.01520
  20.3 mm

n d_sr  13

d 0  n d_sr  d 0  263.9

Ds  d 0 424  263.9
    0.3776
Ds 424

Ds p  q 424 7.8  0.17915423193776897

p     c    0.5  2.97  27.3336
2 a   2  
800 0.37759433962264155 p  ceil p  28

p  28 mm

5.4 Calculul etansarilor si verificarii buloanelor

5.4.1 Calculul etansarilor si verificarii buloanelor in zona de condensare

p <50 bar

Dc  758 mm

m_c  10 mm

De  Dc  2m_c  758  2 10  778 mm

 d i  Dc  40  798 mm

d e  d i  2 40  878 mm

di  de 798  878
dl    838 mm
2 2

2 2
 dl 
 
838 
 
 103   3
p s  1.3
  5
 p  10  1.3
 10   7.8 105  559262.7239 N
4 4

 d 2 2
 878  2  798 2
 e   di  
     
 3   3    3   3 
Sl 
 10   10     10   10    0.1053 2
m
4 4

ps 559262.72392687388
1    5310825 Pa
Sl 0.10530618574832985 1.01972
1  1  54.1555
5
10
kgf
1  54.1555
2
cm
kgf
optim  110
2
cm

1  optim

 d 2 2  d 2 2
 e   di    e   di  
           
ps 
 1000  1000  4
 optim 10 
 1000  1000  4
 110 10  115836.8043 kgf
4 4

kgf
suruburi d  24 mm a  10
2
mm

2 2
d   24
p s_prim   a   10  4523.8934 kgf
4 4
 ps 115836.80432316284
ns 
p s_prim
  25.6056
4523.8934211693022
 
n s  ceil n s  26

n s  26 suruburi

5.4.2 Calculul etansarilor si verificarii buloanelor in zona de subracire

p <50 bar

Ds  424 mm

m_s  10 mm

De  Ds  2m_s  424  2 10  444 mm

d i  Ds  40  464 mm

d e  d i  2 40  544 mm

di  d e 464  544
dl    504 mm
2 2

2 2
 d l   504 
 
 103   3
p s  1.3
  5
 p  10  1.3
 10   7.8 105  202296.7517 N
4 4

 d  2  d  2  544 2  464 2
 e   i  
     
 3   3    3  3 
Sl 
 10   10     10   10    0.0633 2
m
4 4

ps 202296.75167179614
1    3194100 Pa
Sl 0.06333450789637024 1.01972
1  1  32.5709
5
10
 kgf
1  32.5709
2
cm
kgf
optim  110
2
cm

1  optim

 d 2 2  d 2 2
 e   di    e   di  
           
ps 
 1000  1000  4
 optim 10 
 1000  1000  4
 110 10  69667.9587 kgf
4 4

kgf
suruburi d  24 mm a  10
2
mm

2 2
d   24
p s_prim   a   10  4523.8934 kgf
4 4

ps 69667.958686007274
ns 
p s_prim
  15.4
4523.8934211693022
 
n s  ceil n s  16

n s  16 suruburi