1

PREPARED BY

1. SHAH PRANAV V →
1033004039
2. PANCHAL MEHUL H →
1033004067
3. JADAV DIXIT N →
1033004068
4. SONI ANKIT N →
1033004071

GUIDE BY

 MRS. FALGUNI BHAVSAR

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PROJECT

REPORT

ON

LISTENING

BUG
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Certificate
This is to certify that Shah Pranav V, Panchal
Mehul H, Jadav Dixit N, & Soni Ankit N. has
satisfactorily completd their dissertation
entiteld “LISTEING BUG” in partial fulfillment
for the award of the diploma in electrical
engineering. The matter presented in the
dissertation has not been submitted for the
award of any degree or diploma.

PREPARED BY
1. SHAH PRANAV V →
1033004039
2. PANCHAL MEHUL H →
1033004067
3. JADAV DIXIT N →
1033004068
4. SONI ANKIT N →
1033004071

Date of Submission:-
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Teacher Incharge:- Head of Department:-

 INTRODUCTION:-

It is a simple, inexpensive and hi-fi device for listening to the conversation

going on in an adjoining room or for the parents wishing to keep a strict
vigil on the activities of their children through the sounds in children’s
rooms. It is one evening project for an experiment.

 WORKING:-

The sounds signals are picked up by the condenser microphone and

converted into electrical variations which are amplified by the OpAmp IC
741 used in the inverting mode with a single supply using divider network
of resistors. The gain of IC 741 can be set by varying the feedback through
2.2M pot.

The output of IC 741 further amplified by the push-pull amplifier using

transistors AC187 / 188 pair. A shielded wire should be used to suppress
hum for carrying the output signal form the output of the amplifier to
speaker fitted in the other room. Alternatively, form point c onwards, the
amplifier can be dispensed with by feeding the output of the IC 741 to the
pick up point of an ordinary transistor radio.

 CKT DIAGRAM:-
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C I R C U IT D IA G R A M O F L IS T E N IN G B U G

 NEED OF IC:-

When electronics valves were in the full fledge of communication, transistors

came into existance.These functioned as valves even with there small size.
Then it was felt that there was great revolution in the field of electronics. And
same has happened. After the development of transistor due to mass scale
integration (MSI) & large scale integration (LSI), it has become possible to
fabricate complicated circuits on a very single chip of silicon.

Due to the development of IC’s, electronics circuits & equipments have

become very small in size and weight. So the space, time of production of
equipment, cost of production etc. have been reduced very much. At the same
time there is increase in reliability and the time of fault finding and repairing
has reduced. Due to all these reasons integrated circuit has become important
in electronic equipments.

 IC 741:-

SYMBOL OF IC 741:-
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• PIN CONNECTION:-

This IC needs dual power supply. In this IC pin no.7 is for +Vcc & pin no. 4
is for – Vee. In this output is taken from pin no. 6. Pin no.2 is non inverting
input (+), when pin no.2 is inverting input (-).

• CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATION OF IC 741:-

High input impedance – value 2MΩ

High gain – value 100000
Less output impedance – value 75Ω

• APPLICATION:-

There is numerous application of IC. Some important applications are

discussed here. These are:-
1. Unit gain amplifier.
2. Integrated.
3. Differentiator.
4. Clipping & limiter circuit.
5. Comparator.
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6. Summing amplifier.

 PRESET POT:-

These are also known as the trimmers or trim pots. These are variable resister
but not of continuously variable type. These are used to make desired
adjustment. The resistance is joined in the circuit, necessary adjustment is
made and then left. Present pots are small in size and can be mounted on PCB.
These are single turn type or multi turn type.

There are two types of preset pot:

(I) Single turn preset pot.

(II) Multiturn type preset pot.

Out of these two we select Single turn preset pot.

In this pot the resistance material is deposited on insulator strip like bakelite.
The resistance material is carbon or cermets. The film is annual ring shaped.
The wipe can be moved over it to change the resistance. Three terminals are
taken out on the lug so that these can be inserted in holes drilled on PCB.

These are available in the range of few ohms to several hundred kilo ohms.
These are designed for low power rating.

 RESISTANCE:-

Resistors are perhaps the most common component in electronic circuits.

Their main function is to reduce the current I to the desired value, or to
provide the desired voltage V in a circuit. A resistor is manufactured to have a
specific value in ohms for its resistance R.

Resistors can be either fixed or variable in value. A fixed resistor has a

resistance value that does not change, whereas a variable resistor has
resistance that can be varied over a range of values. most fixed resistors have
a four-or five –band color code that indicates their resistance value in ohms
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but on larger resistors the resistor value may be printed right on the body. One
important feature of resistance in general is that its effect is the same for both
d.c and a.c circuits.

The two main characteristics of a resistor are its resistance R in ohms and its
power rating W in watts. Resistors are available in a very wide range of R
values from a fraction of an ohm to many kiloohms (kΩ) and megaohms
(MΩ). One kiloohm is 1000Ω and one megaohm is 1,000,000Ω.

 CAPACITANCE:-

Capacitance is the ability of a dielectric to store electric change. The more the
charge that is stored for a given voltage, the higher the value of capacitance.
Its symbol is C and the unit is the farad (F), named after Michael faraday. A
capacitor consists of an insulator between two conductors. The conductors
make it possible to apply voltage across the insulator.
Different types of capacitors are manufactures for specific values of C. they
are named according to dielectric. Common types are air, ceramic, mica,
paper, film, and electrolytic capacitors. Capacitors used in electronic circuits
are small and economical.

The most important property of a capacitor is its ability to block a steady dc

voltage, while passing ac signals. The higher the frequency is the less the
opposition for ac voltages.

Capacitors are a common source of troubles because they can either have an
open at the conductors or short circuit through the dielectric. These troubles
are described here, including the method of checking a capacitor with an
ohmmeter, even though a capacitor is actually an insulator.

 BATTERY:-

A battery is a combination of cells. The chemical battery has always been

important as a dc voltage source for the operation of radios and other
electronic equipment. The reason is that a transister amplifier needs dc
operating voltages in order to conduct current. With current in the amplifier,
the circuit can be used to amplify an ac signal. Originally, all radio receivers
used battery. The rectifier power supplies were developed to convert the ac
power line voltage to dc output, eliminating the need for batteries. However,
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now batteries are used more than ever for all types of electronic portable
equipment.

 TRANSISTORS:-
Insemi coductor devicecs the transistors are very important. Transistors are
very useful in different types of amplifiers, oscillator & integrated circuits.
Several types of transistors have been developed by various manufacturers in
the world.
When we put N and P type semi-conductors between two P and N type semi-
conductors, two PN junctions are developed.these two PN junction devices is
known as transistor. Thus, transistors have three electrodes with two
junctions. The names and function of the electrodes are :

Emitter (E) - supples free charges.

Base (B) - controles the flow of charges.
Collector (C) - collects the chrges from the emitter.