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  • Animal Diversity and Major Phyla

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    tobendyourmind
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    The document provides an overview of major animal phyla, including key distinguishing characteristics. It discusses phyla such as porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, mollusca, annelida, arthropoda, echinodermata, and chordata/vertebrata. For each, it highlights traits like symmetry, cell/tissue structure, digestive system structure, nervous system presence, and locomotion/skeleton structures. It poses thoughtful questions about the evolutionary advantages and relationships between traits in different phyla.

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    The document provides an overview of major animal phyla, including key distinguishing characteristics. It discusses phyla such as porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, mollusca, annelida, arthropoda, echinodermata, and chordata/vertebrata. For each, it highlights traits like symmetry, cell/tissue structure, digestive system structure, nervous system presence, and locomotion/skeleton structures. It poses thoughtful questions about the evolutionary advantages and relationships between traits in different phyla.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    19 vizualizări3 pagini

    Animal Diversity and Major Phyla

    Încărcat de

    tobendyourmind
    The document provides an overview of major animal phyla, including key distinguishing characteristics. It discusses phyla such as porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, mollusca, annelida, arthropoda, echinodermata, and chordata/vertebrata. For each, it highlights traits like symmetry, cell/tissue structure, digestive system structure, nervous system presence, and locomotion/skeleton structures. It poses thoughtful questions about the evolutionary advantages and relationships between traits in different phyla.

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    din 3

    Biology 132 Kight

    ANIMAL DIVERSITY
    -A Brief Tour-

    Kingdom Animalia

    How are animals distinguished from other eukaryotes?

    How do animals eat?

    Animal Diversity
    Major Phyla

    Porifera - Sponges
    symmetry?
    cell types?
    colonial or multicellular?

    Cnidaria - Jellyfish
    symmetry?
    Thought Question: What is symmetry needed for? Why are most
    animals symmetrical?
    diploblastic
    gastrovascular cavity
    nervous system?
    Thought Question: Why do animals (excluding sponges) need a
    nervous system?
    Alternation of generations! polyp v. medusa
    Thought Question: Which of these are sexual? Asexual? Why?

    hydrostatic skeleton
    Platyhelminthes - Flatworms
    symmetry?
    Thought Question: What advantage does bilateral symmetry
    convey over radial symmetry?
    triploblastic
    cephalization
    Thought Question: Why are all bilaterally symmetrical animals
    cephalized?
    protonephridia

    Nematoda - Roundworms
    triploblastic with pseudocoel
    complete digestive tract
    Thought Question: Why is a complete tract superior to the blind
    digestive tract of all animals mentioned previously?

    Mollusca
    two body regions
    mantle
    true coelom
    protostomes v. deuterostomes
    radula
    Thought Question: Which do you think evolved first? Radula or
    shell?
    true circulatory system
    Thought Question: Molluscs are larger than the other animals
    we have mentioned previously .. why?

    Molluscan Diversity:
    Gastropoda
    Adaptive value of torsion
    Bivalvia
    Cephalapoda
    Note convergent evolution of eye!

    Annelida - Segmented Worms


    Advantages of metamerism?
    Arthropoda - Insects, Crustaceans, Arachnids
    tagmatization
    exoskeleton made of chitin
    Thought Question: How does an exoskeleton differ from a
    hydrostatic skeleton or endoskeleton?
    paired jointed appendages
    open circulatory system
    VERY DIVERSE!

    Echinodermata - Sea Stars


    endoskeleton
    symmetry?
    water-vascular system

    Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata


    Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

    Four unique characteristics present at some stage in development:


    1. notochord
    2. pharyngeal gill slits
    3. tubular nerve cord
    4. post-anal tail

    Thought Question: Note that adult humans lack three of the four
    characters!! Why are we still considered chordates?

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