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25

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA

Title Subject Author

First Edition Published by

Printers

No. of Copies Number of Pages Price

Epistemology ofSaivaSiddhanta - An Introduction Philosophy

Dr. S. Krishnarajah

Head/Dept. of Phi losophy, University of Jalfna, Thirunelvely, Sri Lanka.

December, 1995

Dept. of Hindu Religious & Cultural Affairs 98, Ward Place, Colombo 7.

M/s. Kumaran Press

201, Dam St., Colombo 12. 1500

56+2

RS.25f

35

43

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[ffI a; fp.9= cfJ a; 6'ffJit; ~ ill !!)J W [iJ {D {;I it; @_ in GYT L 8; $I UJ 6ir GYT Q flj m 8;

a; tt L (ijl SlJ (J flj flj <!!J 8; a; ri ill {l5I UJ ~ W UJ tt VW> W et m U U (f)i W . [ffI UJ tt UJ 8; Q a; tt rill VW> a; till Wi ~ L UJ mil UJ tr U {;I U [iJ [61 UJ roill GYT .$ a; ii ~ L ill ~ U t.5I(ijlvw>a; u5I it; Q U G1T ii flj fr a; ~ ~ L UJ milUJ tt U {;I U [iJ [6IUJ rulGYT 8; a; W cfJ {D U U tt m(J flj Q UJ ooWi W milUJ tr U {;I U [iJ {l5IUJ ri ill G8J<!!J 8' n [J" <!!J VW> L UJ milGYT 8; a; rbJ a; ~ W c!PI flj ill c!PI {l5I~a; c!PI W8' .jJ ~ flj Q flj ~ tt a; QSlJ GYfJ8; Q a; tt ~ [J" roill it; ~ su . ~ ~ UJ tt till a; ir 0J.fJ UJ tt U ;ffJ ~ UJ c!PI Wi U SlJ c!PI tiJ- U U ~ L u51it; milGYT 8; a;. Q U GYT ii flj fr a;(J GYT tt c!PI flj ~m flj <!!J .$.a; c!PI tiJ- u U ~ L u51it; mil G1T 8; ®#Jill {D mfr. ri ill G8J<!!J G8J GYT 8; a; rbJ a; ~GYT UJ W VW> 8' SlJ cfJ ii flj tt fD {;I a; 6'ffJill mil UJ rt U {;I U [iJ {l5I UJ G8J GYT 8; a; ii (J flj tt (f)i

~ut.5ltiJ-ill ~8'SlJcfJ.jJfljrTfDflj 6J1)GYT8;a;W cfJ{DuurrmQfljrTill{DrTa;8;

a;rT ~ U u (f)i #J {D ~. flj<!!J 8;a; c!PI Wi u SlJ ~ tiJ-u u ~ L a;in ri [J" 1Dffi~ LUJ in ri ~~ .jJ ~ ~8' SlJ cfJ ii flj tr fD {;I a; in milUJ tt U {;I 8; ® G8J GYT 8; a; in flj <!!J #Jill

{Dmfr. ~1iilJ(JSlJ an{!5lUJ~ (JUrTliilJ c!PIWJwrTmw fPfr flj<!!J8;a;

(!fJ~ {D W L (f)i W it; <Dl). c!PI ~ a, IDffi ~ WUJ {!51~6lJ U Q U !!)JSlJ flj [iJa; tt m fPfr t.5I [J" W rT ~ c!:p W rT @jW . fiT m (J SlJ mil UJ rT U {;I U [iJ {l5I UJ mil GYT 8; a; W flj <!!J .$ a; c!PI GYT~SlJ u51UJ IiilJ tiJ- U U ~ L a; in fiT ill {D ri <!!J (J ~ rT 8;@j[ffl~1iilJ a; GYfJ

~<!!J fD ~ W c!PI ~ a; U U L it; (J SlJ 1Dffi(f)i W .

t.5I [iJ a; tt <Dl) ~ 8' SlJ cfJ ii flj tt fD flj "ri <Dl) 8; $) UJ rbJ a; GYfJit) G8J UJ tr U {;I U [iJ {l5I (J SlJ !!)J SlJ ~ a; UJ tr m IOlf) GYT.$ a; rbJ a; ~ w a; tt ~ U U (f)i ct) W {D m . #JSlJ ~rT m #J.jJ {;IUJ tt it a: ~ [J" u51it; #JSlJ ~rT m 8iSlJ tt wa; irr 6I1JUJ tt U {;I~UJ "~QjJ~rTurr6Ui; Glflj"Lir4" fiTm roillGYT.$®<fJw{DrTfr. ri~

Q U GYT .jJ flj fr a; GYT tt it; ~ [iJ!!)J 8; Q a; tt inGYT U U L L G8JUJ tt U {;I U [iJ {l5IUJ

ruJGYT 8; a; W tt @jin. ri SlJ (I!j ~ L UJ c!PI t.5I u t.5I [J" tt UJ U U tiJ-. 8' tt flj m .jJ {;I ~<!!J fD ~ 8' tt .jJ {;I UJ W flj <!!J 8; a; rf {;I UJ tt a; ~ til .jJ flj {l5I UJ U U (f)i zo. 8' riu a; [J" U IDffi tiJ- flj fr ruJ UJ tt U {;I U [iJ {l5I t.5I {l5I Q flj tt <!!J G8J GYT 8; a; .jJ ~ flj.jJ flj (I!j #J {D tt tt . G8J UJ tt U t.5I UJ ruJUJ tt U a; .jJ~8;#JVW>Lu5I<Dl)rTm riUJ [iJ~a;.9= 8' inu fDflj(Jw G8JUJ tt U {;IGlUJm

ri SlJ fr G8J GYT .$ ® #J {D tt fr .

8iSlJ tr tr flj flj c!PI WJ W tt m W U [iJ {!518; @j{l5lu t.5I(f)i VW> a; u5I it) c!PI ~

'fj)fr ~ {!5IW c!:p UJ [iJ cfJ(J UJ et ill !!)J in • ri in c!:p UJ [iJcfJ Q W tt W6lJ tiJ- SlJ in QU!!)Jw(JUrT~ u[J"rTfriiflj c!PIWJwrTmwrT$I{D~ fiTill!!)Jin ®{l5IUU!L (J L tr in . c!PI flj tt SlJ ~ 8i SlJ tt fr ii flj c!PI WJ W tt m in Q W n flY SlJ tiJ- SlJ ~ VW> flj (6lJ tr 8; $I UJ SlJ tiJ- SlJ .jJ ~ flj ) Q U !!)J in (J U rT ~ U [J" rT fr .jJ flj c!PI Wi W rT m WrT #J {D ~ . c!PI WJ W rT m ii ~ flj ~ <!!J flj (I!j 8; a; c!:p~ {DUJ rT a; 8; a;<!!J {;Isir

c!PI~ u[J"rTfriiflj c!PIWJwrTm.jJ~flj(JUJ 8iL(ijlW.

8' a; a;rT rf)UJ Q ww U ~ ri <!!J Qu rT <!!J irr c!PI it;<Dl) ~ ri <!!J [Ba; JP.9= #Ja;irr (8' rT flj m c!:p W 8' rT i; {;I UJ c!:p W ) 8' W a; rT <Dl) ii ~ c!PI it; <Dl) ~ ~ ill {Dill t.5Isir ~sir{DrTtil (JfljrTsir!!)Jflj~liilJ8; @j{f)8;@jW. LEIDffi(f)iin 8'rf)UrTir8;a;uuLL

cfJ 6lJ ~rT m cfJ ii {;I UJ rT rf) ill U tiJ- c!PI WJ W rT m .jJ {;I W flj <!!J .$ a;

c!PI ~ W U 4 \!fJ ill !!)J U tiJ-[ffI~<Dl)a;vw>GYT 8; Q a; rT IDffi (f)i in GYT ~ . ri ~SlJ

C':P~{D(JUJ u8;a;w. ~~. (8'rTfljmw) {;ILLrTfDfljw fiTmuu(f)iw.

29

30

~ m- tr <iilJ W [f)J LJ {D w Q u 61Titp.g; V ~.g; W(!JJ W #)<ill ~rr m- #) j, 61UlrT iT ~ ~ v UJ tr #) tiuu it .g; <@jw diP!@Jwrrm-j,61w <jj <!!j iF;.g; diP! ~ W U LJ fiB fD ~ u lSI- [ffi ~ tDlJ.g; ~ 61T if; Q.g; tt ~ (j)l irr 61T <jj tt s: et (j)lj, ~ if; .g; tr L (j)l efJ W {D m- iT • uiF;.g;w, 6J~ 61LLrrfD<jjw 'iiTw{D (lJJW[f)JLW ~U[!jUJm-j,~<jjUJW, [ffi.g; W m- j, ~ <jj UJ W fi' ~606r j, ~ diP!@J W tt srr W u {iJ [!5IUJ fiB fD ~ diP! rhl.g; if; Q.g; tt en ~.g; ~ UJ fi' 6lJ iT .g; irr et (j)lj, ~ if; .g; tt L (j)l efJ W {D m- iT . fi' fD 61 UJ diP!61T ~ 6lJ t6) UJ <iilJ 6lJ V su tt {iJ [!51 <iilJ diP!@Jwrrm-w u {iJ [!51 UJ (IJJ W [f)J diP! rhl.g; if; Q.g; tt irr ~.g; ~ UJ Q u 61T j, <jj diP!61T ~<ill t6) UJ su tt 61T iT .g; irr diP! [!51 (!JJ.g; U u (j)l6lm- tr . [ffiUJ rr UJ ~<ill C] <F ~.g; iT diP!@J W tt m- j, 61w fiB fD ~ diP! rhl.g; if;

Q.g; tt irr ~.g; ~ UJ ~ <jj rfI U U <ill iT .g; 61T tt .g; if; .g; tt 606r U u (j)l efJ W {D m- iT .

~ @Jwrrm- w ~ <!!j 6lJ tt <jj <ill lSI- <ill w sr W {D <ill ~.g; t6)' <iilJ C] us {iJ@j[!5lj, <jj 8J fD ~ diP! rhl.g; rhl.g; irr diP! <iilJ tDlJ ~ u lSI- [ffi ~ tDlJ .g; ~ 61T if; Q.g; tt ~ L <jj tt Ii.J uiF;.g;w, <Frrj,61UJw, <Frr<jjm-w 'iiTw{D (lJJw[f)J U<jjrhl.g;~61TUJ~LUJ<jjrrli.J ~ fD 61 UJ diP!61T ~ <ill t6) UJ tDlJ tt en iT .g; 61T tt <iilJ et (j)lj, ~ if; .g; n L L U LJ L L ~ •

diP!@Jwrrm-w u {iJ {61 UJ (IJJ W [f)J diP! rhl.g; rhl Q.g; tt irr ~.g; ~ UJ

diP! <!!j 606r fD 61 #) 6lJ tt 8: <F tr rfI UJ tt iT er (j)lj, ~ if; .g; tr L (j)l w diP! C] <jj C] <ill ~ 61T ,

Q u 61T~.g; V ~.g; W (!JJ W #J<ill ~rr m- #) j, 61UJ tt tr s: ~ V UJ tt #) rflUJ iT .g; <@jw fiB fD ~ diP! rhl.g; iF;Q.g; tt irr~.g; ~UJ J5Jw LJ {iJ [f)J <ill ~ 6J Q m- W {D 6lSJm- tr fi' rhl (!!j et Yl tDlJ tt W. diP! <!!j 606r fD 61 #)<ill tt 8: <F tt rfI UJ tt C] V tt diP! @J ui tt m- j, ~ <jj fjJiT diP! [!51 ~.g; (!JJ UJ {iJ #) UJ rr .g; C] <ill .g; <!!j 61 UJ 6lJ iT. ~ m- rr r;;i) ~ ~ v UJ rr #J rfI UJ iT .g; C] 61T rr J5J V <jj rr m- w rr m- 'f) <!!j <ill rr <jj (!JJ ~ {D UJ rr .g; C] <ill diP! <jj ~ mro6t61T rhl efJ if; Q.g; rr ~ L m- iT. u iF;.g; j, 61 r;;i) w~ {D fD ~ irr 61T <F rr j, 61UJ j, ~ <jj 6J ~ ro6t W ~ <jj ro6t UJ L W diP! [!51 <ill <jj {iJ(!!jrfl UJ C] <jj rr iT diP! [!51 ~.g; if; .g; <!!j 6lSJ UJ rr .g; diP!@J wrr m- j,~ <jj diP! <!!j 606r fD.f) #J6lJ rr 8: <F rr rflUJ rr iT LJ rfI fD~ Q.g;rr ~ L rr iT . ~ m- rr <iilJ diP!@J w rr m- j,~ <jj fjJiT 6lJ rr <jj <ill lSI- ro6t tDlJ rr m- [ffi® u 606r (!JJ~ {DUJ rr .g;C] <ill Q u 61Titp.g; V rr .g; W(!JJ W #)<ill ~rr m- #J j, 61 UJ rr iT ~~ V UJ rr #) rfI UJ iT .g; <@jW diP! ~ d'Jm- iT. ro6t<ill rr <jj j, 61w C] u rr ~ <jj w ~ .g; <!!j j, ~ <jj [f) ~ tDlJ [!j rr L (j)l <ill <jj {iJ(!!jrfl UJ <F rr <jj m- w rr .g; C] <ill diP! @J w rr m- w fi' <ill iT .g; 61T rr <iilJ 6lSJ ro rhl efJ if; Q .g; rr irr 61T U u L L ~ • 'f) <!!j 6lSJ <ill rr <jj j, 61 <iilJ <ill rr 61 <jj m- ~ .g; <!!j j, 61~m- (!JJw Q w rr !p <jj <iilJ J5J V 61 if; ~~ (C] w {iJC].g; rr irr) 'iiT mdiP! ~ YliF;.g;u u(j)l W. J5i V .f)iF;~~ diP!@J wrr m- j,.f)w fiBfD~ diP! <ill UJ rhl.g;1DYf'I<iilJ (!JJ <jj tDlJ rr 6lJ ~ ~ rhl.g; w rr (!!jw. ~ V ~ L rr <ill ~ diP! rhl.g; w rr .g; 6J ~ ~<jjrr V U U(j)lj,~W [ffiUJrrUJ wrr.g;j, <jjV U U(j)lW. J5JV 61iF;~~ ~~~wUJrrm- diP!ajC]6lJ 'iiTwu<jj~m- !}LLrrfD<jjw [f)UJrrUJuLJ(j)lj,~in. ~u[!jUJm-w 6J~~6lJ J5JV6IiF;~~UJLW fi'~606riF;efJ{D~. fi'~ [!j rr W .g; rr <ill ~ diP! rhl.g; w rr (!!jin. (!JJ <jj tDlJ rr <ill ~ diP! rhl.g; j, 61 <iilJ (!JJ ~ Q w rr ySI UJ U u L L C] W {iJ C] .g; rr irr fjJiT [f) [f)J <ill U u L L 8n. {iJ {D rr .g; [f).g; w m- j, 61 <iilJ

<jj V U u (j)l d'J {D ~ . fi' ~ fiBiD <jj rr <ill ~ ~ rhl.g; w rr (!!jin . diP! <jj rr 6lJ ~

J5J V {;I if; ~ ~ et ~ {D (!JJ <jj tDlJ tt <ill ~ diP! rhl.g; ro #) su )i fD 61 UJ

diP!61T ~<ill uJI UJ tDlJ tt 61T ir .g; 61T tt <iilJ LJ 8;.g; in et m- Sl.f in diP! ~ WiF;.g; u u (j)l <ill {fjJ r;;m(j)l. #J<ill ~rr m- #J j, 61 UJ tt iT ~ ~ v UJ tt #J rfI UJ iT .g; rDYfIQ tDlJ tt <!!j <ill V tt m- #J<ill tt if; efJ V C] UJ tt efJ.g; irr u if; .g; (!JJ w J5J V 61 if; ~~UJ in ~ ~ C] {D et m- if; (!!j[!51 U J5J (j)l6lJ it 10' sr oo@Jin fi' roil ro6t <!!j LJ <jj rhl.g; <@jW <jj in .g; <!!j j, 61 r;;i) ~ ~ [!51 G15l <!!j fD {fjJ ~ ~ [f)J C] <ill [f)J LJ (j)l efJ~ {Dm-Q<ill ~ u ~ <jj [!j tt in u: m- in Q.g; n ea <@j <jj <iilJ C]<ill ~(j)l in. diP!@J usn m- j,.f)~ C!fJ <jj tDlJ tt <ill ~ LJ lSI- [f)~tDlJ~UJ J5i V j;JiF;~~ Q UJ m- 'f) <!!j <ill iT (!!j[!51 U J5J (j)l <ill V tt t6) ~ ~ <ill iT diP! @J u: tt m- j, ~ <jj ~ <!!j <ill tt <jj <ill lSI- <ill W tt .g; C] <ill .g; tt ~ #,) {D rr Q V m- if; .g; <!!j <jj <iilJ C] <ill ~ (j)l w . ~ rhl (!!j [ffi [f)J <ill iW if; (!!jrfl UJ Q <jj {fjJ Q <ill m- J5J V 61 if; ~ ~ (IJJ tDlJ in C!fJ ~ Q us n ySI UJuu(j)lefJ{D{fjJ. ~m-rr<iilJ J5Jv{;IiF;~~ 'iiT~{D Q<Frr<iilJ~iF;@j LJj;JtDlJrr.g;, u iF;.g; W et ~ {D LJ <jj j, 61 m- tt r;;i) diP!@J u: tt est j, 61 <iilJ C!fJ <jj {iJ LJ lSI- [ffi ~ tDlJ ~ UJ ~ <!!j <ill iT aT L (j)l efJ~ {D rr Q V ~ {D rr <iilJ diP! <ill iT diP! @J w rr m- j, ~ ~ ~ <!!j <ill rr <jj <ill lSI- 6lJ W rr .g; if; .g; <!!j <jj ro6t <iilJ ~ tDlJ 'iiT ~ [f)J in , diP! <jj ~ rn ~ <!!j diP! [!51 ~ .g; (!fJ UJ {iJ #) UJ rr .g; C] <ill .g; <!!j {fjJ efJ {D rr iT 'iiT ~ [f)J in , diP! roil <ill [!51 ~.g; (!fJUJ {iJ #J t6) <iilJ diP! @J w rr 00 U LJ <jj {iJ(!!jrflUJ Q u rr <!!j ~ [ffi~ tDlJ t6) L j, ~ ~ 8: aT L (j)l <ill <jj {iJ C] .g; diP! <ill iT u if; .g; in 'iiT ~ {D U ~ j, ~ <jj U J5J V C] UJ rr efJ if; <fJ {D rr iT 'iiT ~ [f)J in [!j rr in ~ 606r iT fD {fjJ Q.g; rr irr <@j <jj <iilJ C] <ill ~ (j)l W . diP! <!!j 606r fD 61 #J <ill rr 8: <F rr rfI UJ rr iT diP! @J w rr m- j, {;I ~ (!fJ <jj {iJ LJ lSI- [f) ~ tDlJ ~ UJ U if; .g; w 'iiTm-8: aTL(j)lefJ{DrriT . ~m-rr<iilJ QU61Titp.g;V ~.g;wC]wrr diP! <jj~mJ5i V 61 if; ~~ 'iiT ~C] {D (!!j[!51 u J5J (j)l efJ {D ~ • J5J V {;I if; ~~ diP! <iilJ tDlJ ~ uiF;.g;w ~@J~j,{;I~ C!fJ~{iJu lSI-[ffi~tDlJ. ~~ uiF;.g;j,~<jjUJw <F rr j, {;IUJ j, ~ ~ UJ in <jj ~ @Jirr61TLiF; efJUJ ~. <F rr j, {;IUJ in diP! @J w rr 00 iF;.g; C]<ill ~ lSI-UJ Q LJ rr <!!j irr . ~ U Q LJ rr <!!j GYf)~ [ffi~ tDlJt6) U.D LJ iF;.g; w rr (!!jw . 'iiT m- C] 6lJ (!fJ ~ tDlJ rr <ill ~ u lSI- [ffi ~ tDlJ t6) <iilJ u if; .g; in <F rr j, {;I UJ {b ~ L ~ fi' ~606r iF;.g; U LJ (j)l efJ {D ~ .

diP!@Jwrrm-j,!}~ ~V~Lrr<ill~ UlSl-[f)~tDlJ 6J~ 'iiTm-uu(j)lin. fi' ~ ~ @J wrr m- j, 61 r;;i) fi' <!!j ro6t <jj w rr .g; U u ~UJ rr {iJ [f)J efJ {D ~. 'f) <!!j LJ {D in 6J ~ ~<ill ~ <jj rr V w rr .g; if; Q.g; rr ~(j)l ~ @J wrr m- in ~ <!!j <ill rr iF;.g; U

31

32

u@#J{D~. W[!)JLJ{DW ~~6lJrr~~ 5rr.jj{;l UJ.jj~Lm- Qa;rr~@m~ 6l1I UJ tr u {;I.jj Q fli tr L iT LJ a; tt V 6"ro W tt a; u iF, a;.jj {;I ilY 5 tt .jj {;IUJ .jj .f;! mri'®u~u rffi[!)J6lJroJ.fW uUJm-u@#J{D~. uiF,a;fliiTw(!flw. 6l1IUJrru.f;!Ufw ~Wiwrr~~ Q5UJ~iF,a;rr~ ri'®@uiDfli~~a;~m:~iD. uiF,a;.jj~Lm~~ Qa;rr~@m~ QflirrLiT~u uiF,a;fliiTlIJW ~@!J~a; Q5WUJ, 6l1IUJrru{;l fli.jj~6lJalIJrr 6J~ 5rr.jj{;lUJ.jj~Lm- Qa;rr~@m~

QflirrLiT~u 6lJifi [DL.jj~#J{D~.

rffia;lIJ~ W 6T~U u@W. (!flfli{i>U/4-rffi~(ii\)uJlQ), 'a;® ~aa;rr~rr a; (!flm-Qwrr!pUJ uu LL~. rii'iur08/[!)J t:J @~(ii\)uJ)ilY ~UJ .jj~iF,a;uu tt {i>u LL

~~~lIJUJrra; @[!)J6lJuu@#J{D~.

t:JLLrriDfliiD ~WilIJrr~ .jjt:Jrn \!fJrn{Drr6lJ~ ~1iJa;iD. ~Lfflurr Lrr~~w 6T{;IiTlIJ~{DUJrr~~wrr~ ri'® $J~{D 6T@uLJiF,a;~~UfiD, ~iD@~{D 6T@uLJiF,a;~~ ~flirrvuu@.jj~iD ~flirrV6"ro1iJa;~~UfiD Qa;rr~Lflirr a;.jj t:JLLrrfDfliiD 6l1I~rill®#J{D~. ~Lm-urrL@ 6lJ LSJ-6l1I(ii\) ~ lIJUf W rffi~ {D 6T@U t5i m- \!fJ (ii\) iD 5 tt .jj {;IUJ 5 tt fli ~ rill a;@!JiF, #J~ L uJI (ii\) tr ~ 6l1IUJ tt u {;I.jj Q fli tt L iT LJ 6lJ 6l5)Uf [!)J .jj fli u u@m {D ~ . 6T{;IiT lIJ~{DUJrr~ $J~{D 6T@ULJ \!fJ(ii\)W ~.jjQflirrLiTLJ ~~~lIJ UJrr~afliQUJ~ ~[!)J{;Iuu@.jjfliuu@#J{D~. &~{D 6T@ULJiF,a;m u: ea ~ L iF, a; .jj ~ fli u Q u {i> [!5! V tr fli fli m- a; tt V 6"ro lIJ tr a; ~ @ iF, a;~~ ,

. w@ au tt m- {D ~ fli tr V 6"ro rill a; m ri' 6lJ {iJ [!)J L m- rii' ~ 6"ro iF, a; U u L@ ri'fDrffi~{D 6T@ULJiF,a;m 8n.[!)J6lJ~ LJ{DroJ.f(ii\)®5rriT6l1I{;Ia;a~QUJ~ 6T@.jj~iF,a;rr LLUU@#J{D~. ~Lm-urr L@ 6lJ LSJ-6l1I(ii\)~lIJUf iD ~flirr V 6"ro .jJ t:Jm- @~(ii\)uJI LW 5 U iF, a; iD 6T ~ roJ.f til, 6T t:JiT lIJ~ {D 6lJ LSJ-6l1I(ii\)~ lIJUf iD ~flirrV6"ro.jj{;lm- $J~(ii\)uJlLW 6l1IuiF,a;w 6T~roJ.fW ~~JfliF,a;uu@w.

ri' iD {;I UJ ~ ett ~ 6lJ uJI UJ ilY 6lJ V (ii\) tt {i> [!5! ilY {;I m- ~ tr a; a v (!fl fli rn (!fl fli ilY 6lJ 6l5) fli tt ~ ~ WilIJ tt ~ .jJ {;I {i>®rflUJ rffi u iD fli ~~ a; ea u {iJ [!5! iF, ®[!5!u t5iLL6lJ V tt eu it . {;Im-~rr a;~v.jJ Qflirr LiT fD~ ~[DUJ rruJIa;® iD a lIJ (ii\) {;I a; lIJ tt a; a6lJ [!)J rii' ® rffi u iD fli ~~ a; ~ ett rii' ~ 6"ro .jj ~ 6lJ 6l5) fli tt ~ ~WilIJrr~.jJ~{i>®rflUJ rffiuiDfli~~a;m tBiDQfli~ 6T@.jJ~iF,a;rrLLSJ-~iT.

1. 6J~ uiF,a;.jJ{;I6l5)LiD QU{DilY a6lJ~@iD.

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6T rn {D <jj iJ $5J ru iJ <jj fT ritJ c!:p [J" roro fT a; fT $5J Gl U fT ® rifT Gla; fT rifT ru $5J

U dJ {l5I 6l1I m iF, a; U U (j)l £I {D $5J .

m <!F ru .ffJ iJ <jj tt fD <jj ~ {l5I6lJ tt [J" fT til iF #l uJ/ UJ t;;t5) ritJ a; tr [J" roro a; tt rfI UJ iJ Gl <jj tt L iT LJ tJI {l5IGl <jj tt ® c!:p m {D uJ/ UJ dJ <jj iJ $5J eu LD tt a; U U UJ rn U (j)l iJ <jj U U (j)l £I {D $5J. ~ fD f;i UJ LD [J" tJI ritJ ~ iF, a; tt [J" roro iF, Gla; tt rifT m a; U IiiIJ 6lJ tt {D tt $ 6l1I ett iF, a; U U L (j)l en ett ~ . Gl U m iJ <jj ® m L UJ $ tt [J" roro 8; Gl <!fifT en m $ a; roro U ri.J a; 6lJ tt <jj in et <iff U U (j)l in . <!F tt rill $I UJ ® in m<!F 6lJ #l iJ <jj tt fD f;i a; ~ in <!F iJ a; tt rfI UJ 6lJ fT <jj iJ m <jj ~ dJ U it . ~ 6l.J iT a; G'ff1(!9 U@jf;iuJ/<iff® in <!F iJ a; tt rfI UJ 6lJ tt f;i a; G ett UJ tt uJ/ Wi in , [ffi LiiI-ji <jj $' tt [J" roro in m <!F 6lJ .ffJ iJ <jj tt fD f;i a; m tt ritJ LDL(j)lGLD ~rill cla;rfliF,a;uu L(j)lrifTm$5J. ~G <jjGUfTliiIJ ~<!F iJa;fTrflUJ 6l.J tr <jj c!:p in ~ fD f;i UJ LD [J" tJI ritJ ~ rill cl a; rfI iF, a; U U L (j)l rifT ett $5J. m 6lJ G <!F llJ- a; ir ~ <!F iJ $ tt rfI UJ 6lJ tt f;i a; ett tt 6lJ iT . a; tt [J" roro a; fT rfI UJ iJ Gl <jj tt L iT U tt <iff $5J s: rifT Gl U tt ® G'ffJUJ IiiIJ tr til 'Dlf iJ <jj iJ $5J 6lJ LD tt a; U UJ rn U (j)l iJ <jj U U (j)l6lJ m <jj cf16lJ ~fT <iff U fT llJ- UJ iJ f;i ritJ <&I6lJ <jj fT tiiifI iF, a; IiiIJ fT in . 7 "$ fT rflUJ U t!i [J" U ~ W 8'LLDfT<jjliilJfTillJW (J8'~WU U/[J"u~in ~Q'RiF",8'UJfTdJ $L(j)ldJ!!U &L(j)lroroiT6lidJ[DfTW {BdJ[DliilJfTi)V in ~QJ ~[D-ji Gl ~fT if1dJu(j)l.j)~QJ <jjdJ@} GQJ[DfT.$IUJ (!fJ~dJ8>LQ/ffrr (8)fT[J"fiiW"in) I!..wGlLm-U~ GlU[Duu([)lw".

Gl U fT $5J 'Dlf in #/ {DU LJ in Gl6l.J ru G 6lJ [f)J ~ UJ ritJ LJ a; Gl m rn U $5J

#l iJ <jj fT fD <jj in an. [f)J in g}_ ~ m LD . ~ ru G 6lJ [f)J U fT (j)l g}_ roro [J" U U L fT <jj G <jj ~ a; iF <!F LD UJ ru fT f;i a; G'ffJrn G 6lJ [f)J U fT L llJ- dJ@jiF, a; fT [J" roro in. Gl6lJ ru G 6l.J [f)J ~ritJ$1iiYf®» in LDfT [f)JGla;fT ~(j)l an.{DU U (j)l in Glu fT ® mm ~ inLDfT [f)J U fT (j)l rE iF, £I U Gl U fT ® rifT ~ dJ [f)J m LD m UJ g}_ roro iT -ji $5J ru <jj dJ @j ~ iJ <jj iJ $5J ru in ~ rn {l5I UJ m LD UJ fT Gl <jj rn U $5J #/6l.J ~fT <iff ,g;. 6lJ fT Liila; G'ffJrn [ffi m IiiIJ U U fT ([)l. 6T 6iJ 6lJ fT [f)J Gl U fT f[)J 'Dlf in #/ {D U LJ in 6T rn {D <jj iJ f[)J 6lJ in ~ ® c!:p m {D uJ/ UJ dJ

~ {l5I6lJ fT [J" fT til iF .ffJ uJ/ UJ ~ iF,@jrf)UJ c!:p m {D uJ/ UJ dJ <jj iJ $5J 6lJ LD fT $

a; fT [J" roro $ fT rfI UJ iJ Gl <jj fT L iT LJ ~ ® U U m <jj , ~ {l5I6l1I rn 6lJ fT t6I ritJ $ G'ffJ GlIiiIJ fT rn {D fT <iff ~ Wi LD fT <iff in ~ fT [J" roro.j) Gl <jj fT L iT LJ t1)$5J a; L llJ- UJ m LDiF,a;u U (j)l6lJ f;i ritJ ~ ® fD $5J in [D fT LD {l5I UJ IiiIJ fT in . a; fT [J" roro iJ Gl <jj fT L iT tJI ritJ IiiIJ fT <jj G U fT $5J ~ Wi LD fT <iff in 6T rn {D c!:p m {D C} UJ ~ ritJ IiiIJ fT $5J G U mil 6l1I (j)l in . ~ $5J m <!F 6lJ #l fD <jj fT fD f;i a; ~ iF,@j LD L (j)l LD ritJ IiiIJ , ~ ~ LD fT <iff .j) m <jj 'fj}iT ~ {l5I6l1I rn 6lJ fT uJ/ IiiIJ fT til ~ dJ [f)J 8; Gla; fT rifT ~ in ~ m <iff iJ f[)J ri fD f;i UJ

<jj rfI <!F <iff ri.J a; ~ iF,@jin Gl U fT ® fD $5J in •

I!..IiiIJ$W Gl8' WC}QJ fT",W I!..",L.j)~ I!.. rifTm ~fT W $fT rflUJ U

u([)l-ji ~QJlm- W fT ~ W fT ~ I!.. fit1 ~fT W $fT rflw U u([)l.$l [DC} ~rr ~ ~

Gl<!FWC}QJfT",W I!..",L-ji~ @jLW C}urrliilJ.

47

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er m- {D gJ_L m- U tt L_L W1 W tr 6U QJrT 8;.$)Ul in <lirT [J !iiffi <lirT tiuu ii

Q ~ tt L TTI . .JIa 6I.Ja Ul ofF tt ii {)Ul WrT .$) {D ~

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~8;<Ii~l1'

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6llGl51Ul6ll{D{DrTr;;\) QWGl51Ul6ID6ll <lirom48;<liUUL@ (YJ[JromUrT@ -l fr 8; <Ii U u@Q W m- !J)J in , W tt !J)Ja <Ii tt <iiYf)r;;\) em. (D!J)J 8; <Ii GTI et r;;\) 6I.J tt in t5i [J W tt !iiffi a W Ul tt @in et m- !J)J in cf16ll <t!jrT 6W ar eu tt W <Ii GTI em.!J)J eu ~ in 6IDofFrucf1ii~rT[!J~ (YJ6ID{DuJlr;;\) gJ_ib{)<liaSITUlrT@jin. ~~6UrT{D aUrT~in a6ll ~ gJ_ U fj L ~ rM <Ii GTI , t5i [J in W 0!!j ii {) [J in et m- U 6U 6ll (D!J)J 8;@j W rT!J)J a <Ii tt <iiYf)r;;\) 6I.J tt ru y51 gJ_ 6ID [J <Ii rom@ <!PI6ll {D6ID {D 6ID ofF 6ll #J .jb ~ rT [!J ~ ~ r§ 6ID<liU U [J U UiW1 GTI u: GTISIT L 8; <Ii #J ib ~ tt [!J f;i <liGTI (YJUl ~ £1m- {D6U it . t5i[Jaw 0!!j;'iJ.§I[Jii{){D@ ofFrhl<li[Jfr' <!PIib6ID6ll~ fj6ID6I.JUUrTL4~in ~[JrTWrTWJofFfr roJcf1LLrT;'iJ6IDru~ fj6ID6I.JUUrTL4~in gJ_6ID[JQofFtilUl <!PI a ~ [pJHil5"J6ID6U ~ 6I.J <Ii rom L fr 6IDofF ea cf1ib ~ tt [!J ~ U [J W tt til roJSIT riu @ .$){DrT fr •

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(YJ8;.$)Ul ii ~ 6ll in gJ_!iiffi fr ;'iJ ~ U u@.$) {D ~ 10'

"UlrTrom@w QUrT~6ll6ID<liUlrTW gJ_!iiffiTrtt~ cf1{DuLJ

6ll 6ID <Ii Ul tt ~!iiffi [J tt ~ ~ {D a <Ii ~ 6I.J 8; <Ii!iiffi in em. {Du u@in, Q U tt ~

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~ <Ii wriu <Ii GTI 0!!j;'iJ {) [J6ll LfI- roJ Gl51(!!j U U ~ tt r;;\) Q U tt (!!j r§ 8;CZ <Ii (Du

Q ofF rT r;;\) m 6I.J W rT {D [!51 U Q U rT (!!j GTI Q <Ii rT GTI SIT a ru rom@Q W m- {D

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49

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M"fil) tt (!!) [J5~ ii @UJrTUJ if, ii (iJ®rflUJ ~ lSI-u u ~LWlitJ @fil)8;a;rom if, ~rT ~ in

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1%

@ ~6l.J ~ 6l1I [}" , 6l.J ~ [}" 6l1I fil) 8; a; rom if, ii WJT L tt a; (] W fil) ii a; 6l1Iv;rr 8; a; riu a;~v;rru QU!!)J~itJ, Q~rTLfr !ffiUJrTUJ C!fJ~{D~UJU UUJwueElif,~itJ er ill U DU 61J W ~,g: 6l.J cf) if, ~ tt [J5 'fff! a; v;rr tt GiJ U UJ w u eEl if, ~ U u eEl $I {D C!fJ~ {DWlUJ [iJ ~ if,~6l.J riu a;v;rr rT@jin. @ if, ~ if, ~ 6l.J riu a; rom- u UJ 6M U tt LlSI- 6M Q U tt (!:fJ ~ @ su 8; a; rom [MTitJ a; 61fJ[iJ @j{l5lU U/ L U U eEl in W tt L Q L {l5I ~ itJ , @[}" LeEl{DQWrT Yi'~GiJ C!fJ~fil)rTDU ~[J5'fff![}" tLif,'fff!a;riff ~a;8;Qa;rTriffv;rru U eEl cfJw {DDU . tL ~ tr [}" rom W tt a; , cf)6l.J (§rT DU(] U tr ~ 8: Q,g: tiJ UJ riff ~6l.JULfC!fJ~{D, Q~rTLfr !ffiUJrTUJ C!fJ~{DWiDUrTitJ !ffiUJrTUJuueElif,~u U eEl cfJ {D ~ . U w,ffi} [}" r,;m eEl ((!::J if, 'fff! [}" riu a; ~v;rr 8; Q a; tt r,;m L @[J5[MTGiJ ~ 'fff! a; tt [}" if, 'fff! [iJ@j ~!!)J ((!::J if, {;I [}" rill a; ~ ett 8; Q a; tt r,;m L @ [}" r,;m eEl u@jiia;v;rrrT a; u U/ rfl8;a; u U LeEl ~ 6l.J [iJ£T5 itJ C!fJ in\YJ6M!!)J ((!::J if, ii [}" rill a;~v;rr 8;

Q a; tt r,;m L U/ [}" W tt rDffl6l1l UJ itJ • @ fil) 8; a; rom6l1l UJ itJ , ,g: tr ~ DU 6l1I UJ GiJ ,

U UJ ,ffi} UJ GiJ et W {D [!j tt W@j U/ rfl61J a; ett tr a; U U/ rfl8; a; U U eEl cfJ {D ~ .

((!::J if, 'fff! [}" rill a; C€!9 W ~ 'fff! a; [}" rom rill a; ett tt a; U U/ rfI 8; a; U U L eEl riff en ~ .

@Uu/rfluLf C!fJ~{D $Jr'iilfl~UJLf, ~{;Ia;rT[}"6l1I~UJLf, 'fj)if,'fff!~UJLf' U ~ 6l1I~UJ Lf, ~ {;I a; [}" rom6l1l~UJ Lf et W {D-'m 611 ~a; uJI~UJ Lf Q a; tt r,;m L ~ tr a; 8; @j{l5lu U/eEl6l1 ~ W \YJ su in #J6l1(§rT DU (] U tt ~ if, {;Iw Q U tt (!!) L

(]U tt ~~DU Q~rT Lfr !ffiUJrTUJ C!fJ~{DuJlfil)~W[J5~ C!fJ[iJ(]{DrT !!)J~W

Qa;rTr,;mL~rT a; ~eElif,~8; a;rT LLUueElcfJ{D~. Q~rT Lfr Iff/UJ rTUJ

C!fJ~ {DWI fil)~ W [J5~ ((!::J if, ii [}" riu a; C€!9 in, ~ 8: ((!::J if, ii [}" riu a; rom- ~ ii a; [}" rom rill

a; C€!9 W a, ~ [}" UJ tt #) rfI UJ fr a; ett tt GiJ 6lfJ ett 8; a; u U eEl w Q U tt (!Jl ~

WrT LQL[61~itJ, @[}"LeEl{D QWrT Yi'~GiJ C!fJ~fil)rTDU tLif,'fff!a;riff

U UJ W U eEl if, ~ u U eEl cfJm {DDU . a: ~ tt [}" rom WrT a;, cf)6l1(§rT DU(]U tt ~ if,.f}6M @ [}" r,;m L tr W ((!::J if, 'fff! [}" if, {;16M C!fJ ~ fil) 'fff! a; [}" rom W tt DU " ~ ~6l1 (] UJ ~rT(]DUUJrTtiJ" ~6MU ~[iJ@j "~~6l.J(]UJUJrTli.Jif,~rT(]DUUJrTtiJ, ~~6l.J(]UJ

~ tt (] DU UJ tt us " et DU @ [}" L eEl {D Q W tt Yi' ~ itJ \YJ fil) W 611 (!!) 6l1I if, ~

tL~[}" 8;a;uueElcfJ{D~. @(]~(]UrTfil) 'fj)WU ~rT W ((!::Jif,.f}[}" if, {;I ill

\YJ6M {D tt in ~ 'fff! a; [}" rom 6151 ett 8; a; if, ~ ~ #J 6l1(§rT DU 8i 611 tt uS! a; riff WrT L Q L {l5I ~ GiJ tL if, {;I \YJ fil) in ~ (!!) 611 ~ ~ UJ W @ riu@j @j{l5lu U/ L fil) tt W.

U@jf) 1

1. t a; Iff/ 8; a; tt UJ C!fJ ~ 'iiIfI UJ U tt 61fJ @ fil) 8; cfJ UJ rill a; 61fJitJ @ if, ~ ~ a; UJ

6l1I6l1 tt ~ riu a; ~ ett 8; a; r,;m eEl Q a; tt riff ett fil) tt in .

2. Matilal B. K. (1986) Perception; An Eassay on classical Indian Theories of Knowledge, Clarendon Press Oxford, P. 27'

3 . cf) 611 (§rT DU C!fJ,ffi} 611 ir ,#J 6l1(§rT DU U tt lSI- UJ in ~,g: 611 cf) if, ~ tt [J5 ~

[pJT[iJu{;IuLf8;a;y;a;in (1952) Q~w,ffi}[J5{;1UJrT u8;a;w - 10.

4. Matilal B. K. Op. cit., 29

5.

.fF riu a; [}" U r,;m lSI- ~ fr • ~,g: 611 U U/ [}" a; tt ,g: DU in ,

[pJT[iJu{;IuLf8; a;y;a;in (1952) Q,g:W~DU, 63

~,g: 611 #J if, ~ tt [J5 ~ U8;a;in 62

U@jf) 2

1. Nyaya sutras with Vatsyayana Bhasya (ed) Ganganahtha Jha (1939)

2. Uddyotakara, Nyaya Varttika in the Encyclopedia ofIndian Philoso phies (ed) Karl H. Potter, 1977) P. 319 - 320

3. Prasastapada, Padarthadharrnasamgraha, Ibid, P. 293'

4 . cf)6l1(§rT DU 8i6l1 tt LfjJ a; riff, #J 6l1(§rT DU cf) if, .f} UJ tt fr <:!II !f)J fiU ® {if) [}" (1888). u.$. 128

5 . cf)6l1 tt 8; cfJ [}" a; (] UJ tt cfJ , cf) 6l1(§rT DU #J if, {;I UJ tt fr ~ !!)J 611 (!!) ~ [}", (1888)

u8;.-125

6. #J6l1(§rTDU8i6l1rTWa;riff, "~ri.J"'If;fTw£T5[J5~ QUrT(!!)mm (i'o"of;UJrTC:~rr QfiU6fT 9rir{t)[iJ ~~6l/ t!i{DfiUrr~rr!.TrrUJin ~!lHi6f,g:8;f) aJUJQW6fTU U (!)l in " sr DU 8; @j{l5lu U/ eEl cfJ {D tt fr U tt fr 8; a; . dM !!)J 611 (!!) ~ [}", (] W .

@j. u s: 128

7. Quv;rr4a;[}" ~a;win, Qa;rT. ~C!fJa;8i[J5~[}" C!fJ~'iiIfIUJrTfr

u{;IULf (1890) u8;a;in 673.

U@jf) :1

1. See Russel B. On Appearance and Reality in the Problems of Philosophy (1927 edition) P. 9-25.

2. Monier Williams (1851), Dictionary, English and Sanskrit, P 582

51

52

3.

QLDW8;roWL <FlTirv~[JriJ8;m (U'/ffIUUlTa'lrflUlIT

rii'[J~{;im-<FUITU~ 1988) Q<FWIffim-U U<Oil8;lffilii1J8;

U8;8;W 105.

aLD. @j. U8;8;W 105

8.

<f) 611 ~IT m- <f) .j} {;i UlIT tr , <f) 611 ~IT m- 8i 611 IT u5/ 8; m lL Iffi [J

(lffi8;lii1JlT<Ft5Ir;;Yrlffi61T u{;iULJ) U8;. 11

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U8;. 15.

10 . #1611 ~IT m- <f) ~ {;iUJ IT rT , ~ [f)J 611 (13 Iffi [J .

9.

4.

(YJ. @j. U8;8;W

6. aLD. @j. U8;8;LD

125 147

7. Sivagra Yogin, Saiva Paribhasa (ed) R. Balasubramaniam and V. K. S. N.

Ragavan (1982), University of Madras, P. 13 - 14

8. QLDW8;romL <FITSrv{;i[Jriu8;r;;Yr (YJ. @j. U8;8;W 105

9. See R. Balasubramaniam, On the Nature and Evidence of Perception in the 'Indian Philosophical Annual Vol. 14, University of Madras.

10. ~[f)J611lffi8;~ QfbITLrTLJ8;61TIT611m- 1. lffiofFCZUJIT8;W 2. lffiofFUf~fb <F LD 611 IT UJ W 3 . Iffi <F Uf ~ fb ofF LD a 611 fb ofF LD 611 IT UJ W 4 . ofF LD 611 IT UJ W 5. <FLDCZ611fb ofFLD611ITUJW. 6. 6l1ICZ6YfLG"m 6l1Ia6Yj>LSJ-UJ UIT611W

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1. CZ611~Ut5Ir;;Yrlffi61T 6l1I. (1899) <f)~fblT£lJfb lffiofF611 <FIhl<£l[J8;W,

6l1ICZ6118;ITm-£lJfb UJ£lJ{;i[JofFlTlffilii1J, UJIT~UUITG"mw U8;. 75.

2. Nyaya sutra with Vatsyayana Bhasya (ed. Ganganatha Jha 1939) Oriental Book Agency, Poona, P.29.

3. ~wm-w ULLrT, fb(13 8;8; ofFrill<£l[J8;(YJW @UJITUJ CZUlTfffJOOUfW

(Q fb <Oil GIfi U U Iffi ~ <f) 611 IT [fJ £lJ Iffi ~ UJ rT U {;i U LJ 1910 )

U8;. 52

4. #1iJfb8;[!jlTrtfb<£lrfl, @UJITUJu t51[J8;lTofFW (LJ. [!j1T8;[J~{;im-W

u{;iULJ 1907) U8;. 811.

5 . y# 6l1I (f!j iJ {;i [J ~ [!j IT 611 GIfi, (6l1I. a 8; IT 6l1I £lJ fb W U {;i U LJ 19 02)

U@j~ 4

1. UlTrT8;8;, {;iillm-r.c8;rflrdr t51[JLDITG"m <F(YJ8:ofFUJW.

-..

2. Prasastapada, Padarthadharma Samgrha (Tram, GanaganathaJha 1916)P 9.

3. "QUIT(f!jIffi61TU UlTrT.j}tbJ lLG"m[J.j}fb8;8; ~1Tm-w fbw

QUIT(I3LLITW. t51{DrT QUFT(I3L..LWiLDITm-W t51{DrT QfbrflUJ8:

Q <F IT <Oil Iii1J <Oil " et m- ~ (f!j r;;Yr [!j £lJ {;i <f) 611 IT 8: <F IT rfI UJ IT rT u5/ 8; ~

Q fb <DYfl6lJ IT 8; CZ 611 rii' (13 611 Iffi 8; c!PI Wi LD IT m- ~ {;i W rii' UJ <Oil Iffi U Uf W

U iJ [l5I8; @j[l5lu t51@<£Irdr{D1T rT .

4. UlTromLSJ-u QU(I3LDIT~ <f)611~ITm-CZUIT fb tOtH(13 ~f)tfiI<Oil 611(13 <£Iw{D c!PI Wi LD IT m- 6l1I61T 8; 8; W, LD ~CZ LD 8; Iffi Iii1J tfiI <Oil 611 (f!j <£I ill {D fb (13 8; 8; [pff iJ 8; (f!j ~ tbJ 8; 8;lffi61T ~ ~ {;i(13 U U tbJ @j[l5lu t5I L ~ fb 8; 8; tbJ . (u IT rT 8; 8;

#1611 ~IT m-CZ U IT fb W U IT riiffi LSJ- U Q U (13 LDIT r;;Yr 6l1I(13 ~ ~)

5 . LD tbJ Iffi [J 8: <f)611 U t5I [J 8; IT ofF 8: 8i 611 IT u5/8; en " fb (13 8; 8; U IT Iffi 6Yj>"

et rdr {D [pfflffi Iii1JUf W, <f)611 ~IT m- 8i611 IT u5/8; r;;Yr " c!PI W m- W U L L rflill fb (13 8; 8; ofF rill <£I [J 8; W " et W {D [pff Iffi Iii1J Uf W Iffi ofF 611 #1 ~ fb IT £lJ fb [pff iJ 8; <Oil6l1l8;@j u: U 8; IT [J LD IT 8; rii' UJ iJ [l5I m- rT • rii' Gil 6l1I (13 [pff <Oil 8; C@jW

[§UJ IT UJ 1ffi611 a ~ 8; fb rfI<F m- [pff <Oil 8; 61T IT@jW.

6. {;iwm-IT 8;rflw t51[J LDITG"m<F(YJ8: <FUJ W.

7. QU61T48;[J ~8;LDW, (~(YJ8; 8i£lJfb[J (YJfbGlfiUJlTrT u{;iULJ

1890) U8;. 698.

6. 7. 8.

9. Nyayasutra, op. cit., P 30

10. Montagu W. P. (1958) The Ways of knowing,George Allen and Unwin, London, P. 41 - 45.

11. ofF 1hl8; [J uriiffi LSJ-fbrT, 1ffi<F611 U t5I [J 8; IT <Fm- W, (YJ. @j. U 8;. 40

42

12. Jayanta Bhatta, Nyaya Manjari, P 33.

13. UlTrT8;8;, {;iWm-IT8;rflW t51[JLDITG"m <F(YJB=<FUJw.

14. Hick J (1979), Philosophy of Religion, Prentice - Hall, P 68 - 69

15. Alston W. P. (ed) (1963) Religion belief and Philosophical Thought, Harcourt, P 80.

53

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