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171 Essay – PHYSICS for Junior High School Year VIII, Penerbit Yudhistira (2009)
1) Based on the transversal wave diagram:
a. Wave amplitude = 4 cm
* look at the y‐axis and find the number for maximum peak from the center line – this would be
the amplitude (maximum displacement from equilibrium position)*
b. Wave period = 10 s
* find one vibration (one hill and one valley) and find the number on the x‐axis – in this problem,
one hill and one valley would stretch from 0 to 10 on the x‐axis*
c. Frequency = 1/T = 1/10 = 0.1 Hz
2) P is at the lowest of the valley, Q is at the peak, and between them is one peak of a wave. Distance
between P and Q is 240 cm, and time taken for P to reach the nearest peak is 0.25 s, see below:
Q
P
0.25s
240 cm
a. Wavelength: 1 ½ λ = 240 cm λ = 160 cm
* one wavelength is one hill and one valley, so if in 240 cm distance there are quarter valley, one
hill, one valley and quarter hill, equals to 1 ½ wave, then λ is distance (240 cm) divided by
number of wave (1 ½ wave)*
b. Wave period: T = 0.25 X 2 = 0.5 s
Wave frequency: f = 1 / T = 1 / 0.5 s = 2 Hz
c. Wave speed: v = λ . f = (160 cm) . (2 Hz) = (1.6 m) . (2 Hz) = 3.2 m/s
2s
3) For reflection problem, use the formula v =
t
2s vt
v = s = = 1,800 m
t 2
1
4) For resonance problem, use the formula h = λ (2n‐1)
4
since h = 80 cm = 0.8 m, and n = 1 (first resonance)
1 1
(0.8 m) = λ (2 1‐1) (0.8 m) = λ (1) λ = 4 (0.8 m) = 3.2 m
4 4
2s
5) For reflection problem: v = where speed of sound = 340 m/s
t
(340 m/s) (1 s)
a. Sound heard 1 s after original sound by the first person s = = 170 m
2
(340 m/s) (1.6 s)
b. Sound heard 1.6 s after original sound by the second person s = = 272 m
2
c. Distance between the two cliffs = 170 m + 272 m = 442 m