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Determine whether gender has an effect on one’s sport preference? Use a 0.

05
significant level.

Ho: an equal number of men and women like football and baseball (therefore gender doesn’t
influence sport preference)
Hi: an unequal number of men and women like football and baseball (therefore gender does
have an effect in determining sport preference)

Step 1
Observed frequency:

Gender Independent variable


Dependent

Males Females
variable

Sport Football 25 16 41
Preference Baseball 7 8 15
32 24 56

Step2
Expected frequency:

E ij = Ri Cj i = row number j = column number


n

E11 = R1 x C1/n = (41 x 32)/56 = 23.4


Males Females
E12 = R1 x C2/n = (41 x 24)/56 = 17.7
23.4 17.6
Football (E11) (E12) 41
E21 = R2 x C1/n = (15 x 32)/56 = 8.6 8.6 6.4
Baseball (E21) (E22) 15
E22 = R2 x C2/n = (15 x 24)/56 = 6.4 32 24 56

Step 3
Calculate Chi-square:

χ 2 = Σ [(Oi-Ei)2 /Ei ] = (25-23.4) 2 /23.4 + (16-17.6) 2/17.6 + (7-8.6) 2/8.6


+ (8 – 6.4)2 /6.4
= 0.9524

Step 4
0.05 significant level

Calculate df = (C-1) (R-1) = (2-1) (2-1) = 1 C= # of columns R = # of rows

χ 2 table = 3.841
Step 5
Compare the χ 2 you counted with the χ 2 in table
0.9524 < 3.841 à accept Ho

RULE : reject Ho if the χ 2 you calculated is bigger than the χ 2 in table

Chi-square distribution

α = 0.05

Accept Ho

0 Reject Ho
0.9524 3.841 χ 2 values

Calculated χ 2 value χ 2 value from table (df=1, α = 0.05)

Step 6
Conclusion: gender does not influence sport preference.

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