CARNITINE

It’s Rule in Lipid Metabolism

Hidayat
Fatty Acid
• Fatty Acids Are Transported in
theBlood as Free Fatty Acids (FFA)
• Free fatty acids—also called unesterified
(UFA) or nonesterified (NEFA) fatty acids
—are fatty acids that are in the
unesterified state.
• In plasma, longer-chain FFA are
combined with albumin, and in the cell
they are attached to a fatty acid-binding
protein
Fatty Acid Catabolism

• Fatty Acids Are Activated Before Being

Catabolized .
• Fatty acid will be catabolized in
mitochondria.
Question

How the fatty acid enters the

mitochondria ?
Carnitine

• Carnitine (β-hydroxy-γ-trimethylammonium
butyrate),(CH3)3N+-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-
COO−.
• Synthesized in renal and hepar , widely
distributed and is particularly abundant in
muscle.
β-OXIDATION

• β-oxidation of fatty acids involves

successive cleavage with release of
acetyl-CoA.
• In β-oxidation, two carbons at a time are
cleaved from acyl-CoA molecules, starting
at the carboxyl end.
• The chain is broken between the α(2)- and
β(3)-carbon atoms—hence the name β-
oxidation.
Terima Kasih