Expt. No.

9
SCHMITT TRIGGER
Objective: To study the operation of Schmitt trigger circuit using BJT.
Components and equipments required:
1. Oscilloscope (Scope/CRO).
2. Function Generators (FG).
3. DC power supply.
4. Project Breadboard.
5. Resistors.
6. SL100 BJTs / BEL100N/BC107
7. Connection Wires.
8. Oscilloscope Probes.
Circuit diagram:

Fig. 1
Theory:

Schmitt trigger is a threshold circuits with positive feedback having a loop gain > 1. The circuit
is named "trigger" because the output retains its value until the input changes sufficiently to trigger a
change: in the non-inverting configuration, when the input is higher than a certain chosen threshold
(UTP), the output is high; when the input is below a different (lower) chosen threshold (LTP), the
output is low; when the input is between the two, the output retains its value. This dual threshold action
is called hysteresis and implies that the Schmitt trigger possesses memory and can act as a bistable
circuit (latch). There is a close relation between the two kinds of circuits that actually are the same: a
Schmitt trigger can be converted into a latch and v.v., a latch can be converted into a Schmitt trigger.

(Explanation about circuit: prepare yourself)

Design:

Given that

Upper threshold point (UTP) voltage

Lower threshold point (LTP) voltage

Choose
Pre-lab Assignments:

1. Consider the circuit shown in fig.1. Find the Hysteresis voltage of the circuit, if

2. For the input wave shown below, plot the output wave for the circuit in fig.1.

Where Vm=10V

Model Waveforms

Input and Output waveforms:

Hysteresis Curve

Hysteresis Voltage VH = VUT - VLT = 2V

Tabular Column

a) For UTP

Vin (V) Vo (V)

0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4
a) For LTP

Vin (V) Vo (V)

4
3.6
3.2
2.8
2.4
2
1.6
1.2
.8
0.4
(Observe the hysteresis curve on oscilloscope by applying V in as X-axis signal and Vo as Y-axis
signal. Put oscilloscope in XY mode)