STATES OF MATTER

Topic 12 : Kinetic Model of Matter

Gold
Water
EXAMPLES OF MATTER

Bromine Gas

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 WHAT IS MATTER ?

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‘Anything’ that take up space and have mass.

Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.

Atoms are
one of the
smallest
particles o
f matter
 STATES OF MATTER

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Matter can exists in five states

Sponges

Wood

SOLID
Metal Glass
 Water
Oil

LIQUID
Matter can exists in five states
STATES OF MATTER

Paint

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 STATES OF MATTER

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Matter can exists in five states

Chlorine Gas Bromine Gas Steam

GAS
 STATES OF MATTER

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Matter can exists in five states

Plasma Ball Northern Lights

PLASMA Similar to gas.

Certain amount of the particles are ionized.
 STATES OF MATTER

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Matter can exists in five states

Superfluid Helium

SUPERFLUID Viscosity of the fluid is zero.

Thermal conductivity is infinite.
 CHANGE OF STATE

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On Heating / Increase In Temperature

PLASMA

Ionization
GAS
Boiling /
Sublimation Evaporation

SOLID LIQUID
Melting
 CHANGE OF STATE
On Cooling / Decrease In Temperature

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PLASMA
Deionization
GAS
Deposition Condensation

SOLID LIQUID
Freezing /
Solidification
Supercooling

SUPERFLUID
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 STRUCTURE OF MATTER
Arrangement of Solid Particles

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SOLID Particles are close together.
Particles are arranged in regular layers.
 SOLID
ARRANGEMENT Particles are close together.

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Particles are arranged in regular layers.

FORCE Very strong forces of attraction between

each of the particles.

Particles can only vibrate in their fixed

MOTION position. Particles cannot move from
their fixed position.

DISTANCE
BETWEEN Very small intermolecular distance.
PARTICLES
 SOLID
PROPERTIES EXPLANATION

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Very strong forces of
Fixed volume attraction between each of
the particles.

Particles are arranged in

Fixed shape
regular layers.
Particles cannot move from
Cannot Flow
their fixed position.

High Density Very small

Incompressible intermolecular distance.
 STRUCTURE OF MATTER
Arrangement of Liquid Particles

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LIQUID
Particles are close together.
Particles are arranged randomly.
 LIQUID
ARRANGEMENT Particles are close together.

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Particles are arranged randomly.

FORCE Strong forces of attraction between each

of the particles.

MOTION Particles are free to move about within

the container.

DISTANCE
BETWEEN Small intermolecular distance.
PARTICLES
 LIQUID
PROPERTIES EXPLANATION

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Fixed volume Strong forces of attraction
between each of the particles.

No fixed shape Particles are arranged randomly.

Particles are free to move
Can flow
about within the container.

High Density
Small intermolecular distance.
Incompressible
 STRUCTURE OF MATTER
Arrangement of Gas Particles

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GAS Particles are far apart.
Particles are arranged randomly.
 GAS
ARRANGEMENT Particles are far apart.

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Particles are arranged randomly.

FORCE Weak forces of attraction between each

of the particles.

MOTION Particles are free to move about

randomly at very high speeds.

DISTANCE
BETWEEN Very large intermolecular distance.
PARTICLES
 GAS
PROPERTIES EXPLANATION

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Weak forces of attraction
No fixed volume
between each of the particles.

No fixed shape Particles are arranged randomly.

Particles are free to move about

Can flow in all direction
randomly at very high speeds.

Low Density Very large

Compressible intermolecular distance.
 MOUSSE

AEROSOL

GELS
SO WHAT ABOUT THESE EVERYDAY MATERIALS ?

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 OUR NEXT LESSON!
YOU ARE EXPECTED TO
SHARE YOUR ANSWERS IN

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SO WHAT ABOUT THESE EVERYDAY MATERIALS ?

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MOUSSE

AEROSOL
COLLOIDS

Substance w
hich is evenl
dispersed m y
icroscopicall
y in
GELS another subs
tance
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COLLOIDS

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SOLID LIQUID GAS

microscopically dispersed in

SOLID SOL GEL SOLID FOAM

SOLID agar, jelly, smoke, cloud,
cranberry glass
gelatin, opal air particulates

SOL EMULSION FOAM

LIQUID pigmented ink, milk, mayonnaise, whipped cream,
blood hand cream shaving cream

SOLID AEROSOL LIQUID AEROSOL

GAS Aerogel, fog, mist, hair
styrofoam, pumice spray
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Flames are mixtures of very hot GASES.
If the temperature of the flame is extremely high,
certain parts of the flame may change state to
PLASMA.
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DRAWING THE STRUCTURES
OF SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS

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A Circle / Sphere is use to represent ONE particle

Keep the size of the circle and sphere constant for

all your particles!
DRAWING THE STRUCTURES
OF SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS

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SOLID LIQUID GAS

Keep the same number of particles for each state.

Remember the arrangement of particles / intermolecular
distances when drawing the structures!
 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
IN SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS

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SOLID LIQUID GAS

Strongest Weakest
Intermolecular Intermolecular
Force Force
 INTERMOLECULAR DISTANCES
IN SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS

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SOLID LIQUID GAS

Smallest Largest
intermolecular intermolecular
distance distance