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PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
What is heat engine?
An engine may be defined as a device which converts one form of energy into
mechanical energy. Mechanical energy can be further easily converted into
electrical energy which is the most required form of energy.
HEAT
SOURCE
CONTROL
SURFACE
PUMP EXPANDE
R W
HEAT SINK
Qr
The working of carnot cycle is shown in fig. The working substance is enclosed
in a cylinder having frictionless piston. The walls of the cylinder and piston are
taken as perfect insulators of heat. The cylinder head is assumed diathermic
which permits the flow of heat. The heat source is at temperature T1 and heat
sink at temperature t2. there is also a work reservoir.
1. Isothermal expansion
2. Adiabatic expansion
PROCESS 2-3:- In the second stage, the heat source is removed; the piston
continues to move downward and the gas is still expanding while lowering in
temperature from T2 to T3. It is presented by the graphic from point 2 to point
3. This stage is called a adiabatic expansion.
PROCESS 3-4:- The piston begins to move upward and the cool gas is
recompressed in the third stage. The heat goes to sink. Point 3 point 4
represents the decrease in volume and increase in pressure. The engine gives
energy to the environment. This stage is called isothermal compression. (Heat
rejection =Q2, T2 = C)
PROCESS 4-1:- In the final stage, the piston to move upward and the cool gas
is secluded and compressed. Its temperature rises to its original state. Point 3
to point 4 illustrate this behavior; a continuing increase in pressure and
3/28/11 in volume to their initial
decrease JIGAR MEVADA
position. 1212
So it is an adiabatic compression.
EFFICIENCY OF CARNOT CYCLE
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P23 2
Adiab
atic
Proces
s
P 1
14
= (p1 v1 – p2 v2)
V
Consider 1 kg of air flowing through the cycle. Since the air in the cylinder acts
as a closed system.So, from first law of thermodynamics for isen tropic
compression and expansion, we have
q-w = Δu
So, for v=c heat supplied and rejection processes, since ω = 0 then, q=Δu=cv ΔT
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