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SOLUTIONS MANUAL
P2.t. Determine the deadweight of a l-ft-long segment of the reinforced concrete beam whose cross section is shown in Figure P2.!. Beam is constructed with lightweight concrete which weighs 120 lbs/ft:'.
P2.1
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1
Page
l-J
P2.2. Determine the deadweight of a l-m-long segment of the reinforced concrete girder in Figure P2.2 constructed from lightweight concrete with a unit weight of
16 kN/m3.
,,"ml
180mm 780mm Prestress concrete hodge girder
P2.2
.L
~S:5~\'jQU.
1t.4::~.
-*-
wt-t--. ::';'I
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l~mm
r-.~rnrn~ -'i
X •. S) t
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20
+-,,[SO
'=:-0
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f9Q)
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.....
"':I. • .,..'A~"
~"'T4.m
.-'2,
Page
2.-2
P2.3. Determine the deadweight of a loft-long segment of a typical 20-in-wide unit of a roof supported on a nominal 2 in X 16 in southern pine beam (the actual dimensions are in smaller). The ~-in plywood weighs 3 lb/ft"
2" insulation
314- plywood
~ x
~.-X
X Ilh-
~ X
~J
P2.3
~ X
151/2-
20'---i
./
21)"---·r.--_.t~~
Iw.t 120"
I
unit
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14+
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Page
2.-.3
P2.4. Consider the floor plan shown in Figure P2.4. Compute the tributary areas for (a) floor beam B I, (b) girder 01, (c) girder G2, (d) comer column C3, and (e) interior column B2.
cp
@-I
Cf
I
(J)
IGl
@-I
m
I
11
12
Ii
@
1 B2
10' = 20-
Bl
©-I 1
I----- 30'
1 I
P2.4
12 C3I_l
25,____J
roo
= 20'
(6.,)J}eg a1 AT;;'
._e!~_.30,
ft._.
t1£.n{oCL~:-;.:ONWOTU'1·L~ ~
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.... _
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Page
2. .. 4
P2.S. Refer to Figure P2.4 for the fleer plan. Calculate the influence areas for (a) floor beam Bl, (b) girder G 1. (c) girder G2, (d) corner column C3, and (e) interior column B2.
@-I WI
cp
GI
cp
I
02
cp
Il 2
@
1 IB2
Bl
10' =
20' 20'
I ©-I
~30'
I I
I
P2.4
C3r
Ii 12
10' =
15,____j
M(J\t'pl~
th~ v.alue..s.
P 2. 4
A,
in
prob'c.I"T"\
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of' by.
k \"l.}
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t
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fl trZ:pe R
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t4 1
t-1~q1?
~1l(~R
to L.UM t-J. t 3
LOW...,tJ
~'t
Page
2 ..5
P2.6. The uniformly distributed live load on the floor plan in Figure P2.4 is 60 lb/ft", Establish the .loading for members (a) floor beam B I, (b) girder G I. and (c) girder G2. Consider the live load reduction if permitted by the ASCE standard.
cp
@--I
GI
cp
I
G2 B2
I1
@-I
BI
I1
@
12
10' -,.'
10' = 20'
©-I
~30'
I
I P2.4
C3
IJ
25,___j
V.al\les OF AT ~
~.=2.~+_Us.tL.Sif.rlFffied:::=-fQa:'hn~
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Page
2 -(p
P2.7. The elevation associated with the floor plan in Figure P2.4 is shown in Figure P2.7. Assume a live load of 60 lb/ft? on all three floors. Calculate the axial forces produced by the live load in column B2 in the third and first stories. Consider any live load reduction if permitted by the ASCE standard.
rp
@-I
01
<p
I I
II
"11
II
~
II
P2.7
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@--I
1
BI
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@--I
I,L,,,, I: Ii I
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C3 I.....l. 2S.~
cp
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1
1...-30'
1 I
I P2.4
12 rO'=20'
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Page
Z. -7
P2.S. A five-story building is shown in Figure P2.8. Following the ASCE standard, the wind pressure along the height on the windward side has been established as shown in Figure P2.8(c). (a) Considering the windward pressure in the east-west direction, use the tributary area concept to compute the resultant wind force at each floor level. (b) Compute the horizontal base shear and the overturning moment of the building.
cp ®--
cp
Cf
cp
11
o
M
~
;...
r
"
...
@;
" i:1
<> -c
20
l_
..,
®
l_
:.,______
25"
(a)
= 100' -----1
P2.8
P2.S
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= \OJ~OO Jb
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lb
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Page
2... 8
P2.9. The dimensions of a 9-m-high warehouse are shown in Figure P2.9. The windward and leeward wind pressure profiles in the long direction of the warehouse are also shown. Establish the wind forces based on the following information: basic wind speed = 40 mis, wind exposure category = C, Kd ::c 0.85, K" = 1.0, G = 0.85, and Cp = 0.8 for windward wall and -0.2 for leeward wall. Use the K, values listed in Table 2.4. What is the total wind force acting in the long direction of the warehouse?
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4..It.-G...I
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= 70e.Gr~w.
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(o.. qO~SO'~~2
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1.(. .. ~rn:
1---__
~;a'=
40
m·-I
(nOI [0 scale)
P2.9
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itt.
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Page
2 ·9
P2.10. The dimensions of a gabled building are shown In Figure P2.lOa. The external pressures for the wind load perpendicular to the ridge of the building are shown in Figure P2.lOb. Note that the wind pressure can act toward or away from the windward roof surface. For the particular building dimensions given, the Cp value for the roof based on the ASCE standard can be determined from Table P2.1O, where plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively. Where two values of Cp are listed, this indicates that the windward roof slope is subjected to either
positive or negative pressures, and the roof structure should be designed for both loading conditions. The ASCE standard permits linear interpolation for the value of the inclined angle of roof 8. But interpolation should only be carried out between values of the same sign. Establish the wind pressures on the building when positive pressure acts on the windward roof. Use the following data: basic wind speed = 100 mi/h, wind exposure category = B, Kd = 0.85, K" = 1.0, G = 0.85, and Cp = 0.8 for windward wall and -0.2 for leeward wall.
(b)
P2.10
(a)
·I···!.~~·~··~~·:~~·····--·--············--·········-··_
Roof Pressure Coefficient Cp
10 15 -0.9-0.7 20 -0.4 0.0 Windward 25 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.2
_
35
45 0.0 0.4
__
2:60 0.018* 10 -0.5
_ _.._._.
Leeward 15 -0.5
__ -.-. ..
2:20 -0.6
30
-0.2 03
q.i!:; ~!.
O-l~-;'_~
1
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kcL
is -
l5~J(.; ~!i
~~~ ~I=
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I
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(35'-30)
P $!.)~.i~.x.O.1l5 )r.O.~..~.\1r:f'
p= a.. ~~~
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Page----=2:__..~1 _ 0
P2.11. Establish the wind pressures on the building in Problem P2.10 when the windward roof is subjected to an uplift wind force.
(0)
(b)
P2.10
-0.2
0.3
35
45 0.0 0.4
2:60 0.019a
10
-0..5
15 -0.5
2:20
-0.6
~E.
WIt- !t>~R
.e -
33.1°
0
__ C.p
value
In
rabl~P 2.10
P".::
~E:
c.p =-
-0. 'l14-
.3 sur-F ac.d
p 2.10
.are ~
~.grnc d:i to
Page
2 ..11
P2.t2. (a) Determine the wind pressure distribution on the four sides of the lO-story hOSPllW shown in Figure P2.12. The building is located near the Georgia coast where the wind velocity contour map in Figure 2.l5 of the text specifies a design wind speed of 140 mph. The building, located on level flat ground, is classified as stiff because its natural period is less than 1 s. On the windward side, evaluate the magnitude of the wind pressure every 35 ft in the vertical direction. (b) Assuming the wind pressure on the windward side varies linearly between the 35-fl intervals, determine the total wind force on the building in the direction of the wind. Include the negative pressure on the leeward side.
P2.12
J
'-f#llW ..',§,~,tNE-:OKFllE=.mu.j2-_ l
I
140'
~9.MPU=YC.
YAR-JA"TION
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~~. =-~'lSi~l<i~-_:EQ:
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Page.---=Z=-..~I2.::.._
Consider the five-story building shown in Figure P2.8. The average weights of the floor and roof are 90 Ib/ft2 and 70 Ib/ft2, respectively. The values of SDS and SDI are equal to 0.9g and O.4g, respectively. Since steel moment frames are used in the north-south direction to resist the seismic forces, the value of R equals 8. Compute the seismic base shear V. Then distribute the base shear along the height of the building.
n.13.
~~--._--._--~--~
P2.8
2 u
0
r
L
2D
'" 8 ...,
(b)
V=
.$1>\
W
(38JO)
P2.8
l" (R./,t)
!a.
gA
0.75(871)
= '2.158. kIps
VrMX;=
SRi!- ..::~a7Q)., ;
~~ !l3?-·kip~
~--=
O.044-1--~·'St:S·W ~.D:rr.l~~~O+
~Ef<'tu:..
~.l5?> r.K{~USE.V=-.2~_
2-
k::c:±::±:$ M--.w:::::W::25: ~=
'.Vxb~
~n L.. i-1 Wt
ht
Page
2. -13
P2.14. (a) A two-story hospital facility shown in Figure P2.l4 is being designed in New York with a basic wind speed of 90 milh and wind exposure D. The importance factor I is 1.15 and K, = 1.0. Use the simplified procedure to determine the design wind load. base shear. and building overturning moment. (b) Use the equivalent lateral force procedure to determine the seismic base shear and overturning moment. The facility. with an average weight of 90 lb/ff for both the floor and roof. is to be designed for the following seismic factors: 50S = 0.27 g and 501 = 0.06g; reinforced concrete frames with an R value of 8 are to be used. The importance factor I is 1.5. (c) Do wind forces or seismic forces govern the strength design of the building?
P2.14
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AC
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Page
2. -14a.
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Page
2....14b
P2.1S. When a moment frame does not exceed 12 stories in height and the story height is at least 10 ft, the ASCE standard provides a simpler expression to compute the approximate fundamental period: T
where N = number of stories. Recompute T with the above expression and compare it with that obtained from Problem P2.13. Which method produces a larger seismic base shear?
O.IN
T::: O,S
~eCONCS
n+e ~1~f'L.~JI:.
yA-~ve
(7,.
'He
,ltrrKcXI ~
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Page
l ... S I
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
P3.1
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5'-+-P3.1
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3... 2.
P3.3
P3.3
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P3.4
10'
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P3.4
~~~r'lapo
10'
k4:4
1
--..+ Z~.-O·r
'=- -
AK
-0
A..... ~~..._ =r
O·
.... O· rA , U;~
,-';';1"7' -
A1:: t2.
k~f
C"%f.tA.O-;'12~-S";~'~:CitK.(lo)
-M,,= 0
Page
3.. 4
P3.5
P3.S
Ii
!'S
n
.
t--l~----+~?t---t.,._
/"'}+
rnA:i
RA't
OJ
+ 1%:~Fy..:_Q;COMPOTE-
R.£y_=- ..g_;~2P~p-f
k _
1"5';IS~'+-d)C\2'-f{i:y2.~!I:!O
J,Ay ~.RE7-4a~~ 0
~~ r;:
'4S
Re.y =-
12.'15
~1
,l)
-R~-:
R'~~i
OF
-c.o-~4S~t>ER. I='RIaE.Bo't>,(
C..
4'
2,*k,rs-
C-tt- I
r)+
Cy
tM~ILO;'_
A"~
'
4-
Bt:JC: =-
--t;.+
6£.£
(TOP _F~)
tc.
-~x.
C"
k,~ ....
Page
3 -5
P3.6
D'
12'
i--- 9'--+--1O'--J
P3.6
Dx ..._.
~~--~~'--~--~'Q~. '--~~
-t::)
(~MA-==O;
~,(('2+(D.xI4--~(tGf)eo
I '2. q.. 2.
1)1 ~
-4-
~f >.
t
0 :. 0"
t ~"F1
=-
bj
Ie
RA
~ L r><
=:.
~r~ /
0 :>
(-3,O'~)-
Dx + g::
Page
?> -G:J
P3.7. The support at A prevents rotation and horizontal displacement, but permits vertical displacement. The shear plate at B is assumed to act as a hinge. Determine the moment at A and the reactions at C and D.
4m
__J.._
6m
---I
P3.7
f~~e1111",(, 0/
+ __.. 2.~. +
.1.9""
.
JFg
0
kN
0J
12'Uc-;:
r
..
¥+
= 1.2..J&_m.
XN
f.LK,
F~e,W(
H6M~
c.o-i... _..4o
o+ ~
"eo":
Of
~.:
= 4-k'i t
Q_
n+
'R~
- ~t!.
Rt>
;:."'4:; -r ok" ·f -r
..
5"..
Fy=-O---;
---:=-.~
_ 4-iCN..
±-Rc_ -~ J~D.~.9._._
.... -
~~t4L=~
\<I.) ::;'
1?l)
Page
3-7
P3.8 Determine the reactions for the structure. All dimensions are measured from the centerlines of members.
* II 1
10'
20'
i
1r
-zd
Je \L
-1 b "f
J; J J.
J"
,L J
\l 0,4- JtIft
'0'
'20'
40'
~HA = 0)
+
-t-
Aj
£1
t
,
(~O)=
E7::
~\f
~F1
Page
3,e
P3.9 Determine the reactions for the structure. All dimensions are measured from the centerlines of members.
9 kips/ft
J
J- 4' __j.._
6' 6'
8'
_j
P3.9
Ay
~ "f-
4!
• ~.
'_J
0:
=i!!=~=-D
201(
D,.. I~k
111: ~I~
....
'% rr.y
:;r
0;
Page
3-9
P3.10 Determine the reactions for the structure. All dimensions are measured from the centerlines of members.
9 kipslft P
= 15 kips
C~'-
-8'-_4' P3.10
.. '
A'f
4-'
Q
~r-t.r<1
!o(4")+S4(16)+'S(!.4
1 )-
U;'Cr:o(1
Zfic &0;
..:t. .
...tlFr"i
Ay-fO-S4-+ 6\ .~ ..15 =a
4l
~M&~~'
54-CES)+IS(ril)-Drlll.)I:O
'tfI~Oi
:ff.:()i
fiy -tS(,-54--)5 .. q
",..~f
&t&t~t
~·d
Page
3 -1c9
P3.11. Determine all reactions. The pin joint at C can be treated as a hinge.
4m
r
1-..-3m
36 k:N
36kN/m
2m__"""_-6m-P3.11
Page
3-11
P3.12
....... ---
4@
.3 m---'-'
Rety
~ .. n~li'::
3;-
tor F'f=~j
Fk~t ~t"Y
---~6Y
Il:2.", - ~ 6yl~=O == q
\2~O :. &Al";:
RA"f -
1'2..kw
i
I7IAA~M 1-I1~46
~c:r---
-1
__
/"),+
--=~le""('2.""t-t
- _-R~_:~
..... -klJ ~
=0
--P
Page 3-12.
P3.13. Determine the reactions at all supports and the force transmitted through the hinge at C.
hinge
6m
-----1-
4m
---J._
4 m ~P3.13
8 m ____.J
Page 3 ...3 l
8kN/m ~ 40kN
,:fFW~c
1----6m 6m P3.14 I
~)
4m~4m---l
1~
I
A
mf~OPl' PlM~101 M~
~21t.N +~~jM
1<&
i:.~e>=O j
!A~~~ t
e
F~E~~P( PtM~~
=0
Me~
AD
==<==:)~.
a...elUl/Mi'
I.Mp:;O,.
-4f>~(6r"'1)'" 4kJ1(1UM)+ t'«(4~) =0
t.V'=' 80 Ic:.tJ
A+
~~~~==~~~~==E~IME
7-~~~~~~~~~
~ E.t~~t4J t
.£e,E:::;(/
4m
e.'(
Page
3-14
k
~::._--..~-.......tc~-...q
..... -1 -
Eo
~k I
..
.1-
,,'
..
P3.15
Z;~--Oi~~~
-+
~L-S_·
=-O--------~M~·-t ~.
~~ "'VI'
VlAAAAto1
4~
J..eFr Of
,~
'I" ,,,:
4-K
~'
~S
~_ Cx =
riAl<" 4~Y
4·I5'i-lRA~.
~.J..
~.f
1 S'
tf{H
l'
Y 4" "--~(:l:!::-_:,~(iEO
BA1f .:;
4·5.ikips ~
..z.fj(":Io
¢~~:::o
lX:I 4k,ps"'_.
11+
RFi
Page
3 ...1?
P3.16. Determine all reactions. The uniform load on all girders extends to the centerlines of the columns.
w=4kN/m
1---(not
12 m ---01
[0
scale)
P3.16
4 JcJI/rn
T
1:)
R=l2..
4,"
~m
~4
J;~'1i'-Oi
/1.
I:~=Oj
~-<.tIit "3OlC.IO
Ray
+ l~xl~M
±:!!f:2;-xt,- ;t'1'~JC'," +
-f~
=0
4S'X'4
R 6'(
+
c: '~2..
'2. 5
\dl
t
01-
t rFy=Oj
_L'$_2 .• "l5
-b1.
RA"( = 3,.16
+,~ "4~
kM
KA'Y":.O
Page 3 ...11,
--5m P3.17
5m---i
40"11
4m
Sm
Sm
E~ =
S?I.'33 "'~O-'30
E.) =
e~.~3k.N
Page 3"'17
1
75'
1---
150' -------1--
150' _
___;
P3.18
T
-rS'1
.... .n.JII_
Rex
~~
Hf I?f H I..u;~
.is
i':
•
f1.+-
._
45b=O
-~
trIt ~--#&
"_r,'
~.~~lS:_-:_22
Ret...:.
4?o k,P!~
5( 1'5"~ 1.~'
~+
.l.,__
i...,.__
215'''
R~
= 4So
kir -+
Page 3-\f,
3m
I
I A
J
I-- 4 m ------01--
4 m ____.j..___
4m
P3.19
-+
\L H,A-
1<- X 3 -+
= 0 :>
2.
4-)(
+ o.. % R.p ( (, ) -
Ro =
~Lf")( +
1-
7S- ~~./
-AXTI2-;-O,C(s(,.,!:»=O
~O)
/1,c.
J2 ~~..
z,
4!:-
tL. f, ·-=--0
!>-19
t~
10' 10' A D
I
16'
ro
.
,
B
IOtc
--+
r (,
'0
,._._A')(
20' P3.20
• Ai
1-
:2-0 '
T~~\M..ev....b.r
-t
~B
0<)
0.
e L Hg =t
a~
S\A 'W\
"\'V\ ~·W'.Q.v •.
:i 0.'0 0 "'~ B :
1¥.a2.-bJ1
10+ B,I
(s~Y\e') - S; -1)x
=- 0
,;t-~qIO."" I 1~
1£" ~
c. e:1'~"'(1~ ):;11.11
,,,
0+
',bo..<l
~~~
a~
Be 0
<;u~
£<..e.a.4o.,( '\
B:
,
+ rIMs =-
~o~~o.&-
)
I /k -t-b..,=,X2-0
;J{)'
vv
"'~I&VJ."f
.,,,
A.
'
8"'0,( 10."2.
I"
-\)~
v
1.0'
t z Fj
1)1 =
2.. If.-~ s: U
f .;.
l'
('2.b'\:0 'J
01 ..Qv\'+;¥e
e')
s+-<""i-:
g" b ( c..eo
+ 2,.."" "\--- A 1 ~ 0
-=- t 0..~~
A1 :.
~,o 0
+ '2... \l..\f.
~r, ~
Page
3-20
P3.21. The roof truss is bolted to a reinforced masonry pier at A and connected to an elastomeric pad at C. The pad, which can apply vertical restraint in either direction but no horizontal restraint, can be treated as a roller. The support at A can be treated as a pin. Compute the reactions at supports A and C produced by the wind load.
30' ___J
Ax. - rl..~t1-8.~k=
0 Ax.:II 2 f. (. kips
C'I ~D'
~Fy=O;
A'f
= -~./gK,PS t
Page
3 - ZI
A andD.
P3.22
r~=;D.~
t~
'. 'D
e'
.1..
+' .f
841( •
1~.'2. kip:'
CO"-l"5lCeR. SeA H
I
A 'Be:
4.
-LMA;;o .. ;_lQ."2.K(io,
8.4~e
- SFtr1~O
---~
..:;; 2-2.._~-ktt>Z!.f
Fs)(.. :;s(Fs\( =
4 3'
22:~).
l:FJ{.: 0
-~~ ....
__bSk.
==
00.4 -
A'( = 4.~.k.\.p;·f
P3.23. Compute the reactions at supports A and G. and the force applied by the hinge to member AD.
40kN 20kN 20kN
.. ::-.
.;/
..
D
: "
.' .,.
hinge 14m
P3.23
Page
3-2~
!!ITIIIJII
8
1
E F oj
1 1 .t 1 c B (2'
r I II!
D
~~'"
"2.l'fft
E-
ir
12'
5'-oI1+-_
10' --011P3.24
5'-.1
,2'
r
T
t L F7 =-~
-lo-ro+'F,
0,\ lV-eQ.-hoJ'i
::..0 jc=.~f .!>.
;
$
I.
s" .~
-J.~
f~
PEf::
f.1
r1
-=-
2--0
~~Mp
=- 0
6 ..).5 '
~
+ tX'
(tl.) =-0
he:
~'S'\J...<N.
}::it> ~
~-\;·f.Q ~+'Y"'lMiuv..Q_ Cl-<3
~ iVJ2.Q._-\,o~'1.
4Lt:~:::-'"O
, Ax - b.'";).s
S
So
=-0
A~
t'LF1
A1
4-0
=- b-?-S ~!
= 0)
::."'2-<)
A') -4-0
;-'2-0
=- V
~l} f
MA :;:.. 0
+C~~A--
=-0 ;
HA ::. 0
Page
I'-ip -ft
3-24
P3.25. The baseplates at the bottoms of the columns are connected to the foundations at points A and D by bolts and may be assumed to act as pin supports. Joint B is rigid. At C where the bottom flange of the girder is bolted to a cap plate welded to the end of the column, the joint can be assumed to act as a hinge (it has no significant capacity to transmit moment). Compute the reactions at A and D.
8 kips
P3.25
T 7~
%.1k=O;
::-+
Page
3"'Z5
P3.26. Draw free-body diagrams of column beam Be and joint B by passing cutting planes the rigid frame an infinitesimal distance above A and to the right and immediately below joint uate the internal forces on each free body.
8 kips
6"
6 kips 12"
;ftl:'(
:t:QMPutt. 'R.SAc:r'~lI'!S""--A'T
P3.26
~+
r..f*=-O.i-
~t~*._
{P
_c.~R..~.
:.2):&-
k,j's"_
,: ~ = 21
kips
~MOMEJ..?~-c5.bo.o11=.
IM';!Oj
~~~~~
-.of-BA6E
A"I "',;--
_______
.!>,," + 13k)C.~
.."._._._ ..~._~-=U3J5.kp.~tf
ME~~~
~1a~W-..t~-~-~~
F~~BO
t1'f' 17L~tt~
21
fo1e~e ~ ~ •Atl
PIM~
·lJ&C-4Ji:'~"":
1.-,;;,4-.183=15
tfj
4'
li ,,,
t 15.5'
.Q.: "'. s:
.~~ II t2']:S)_±1L~S.~
__ ::;. "J 4-.4 S" ktp·..ft
I " ~.~ _ 14 ...Zs.±~~_ 1. ~B.~Jsif~
1
Page 3-2("
P3.27. The frame is composed of members connected by frictionless pins. Draw free-body diagrams of each member and determine the forces applied by the pins to the members.
2m
t-~
20kN
1 4m
•A
M u.1 e'e'.R... •
..
_.--
c r.:;n..-~
2.
\0 ~
Fct> __..~~3.o<k!l
IMc.-O
·O;,r-
'2.2;;1G.
t'""f~
__
.~ _
€.)(2:::_~
_ ~'=3ek"",
C0l1P9n ~c:o;
~~O)
&,EAC]"
IQRS
10)((0",+ 20,,4-0'111:
- R6~+
4 ~-ro-k"f +
--~~t;;-10-~Or AY-70-1.0:0
j
~iQ~-AT- 9ot4li
~Zl1 "'tOrn
~we~~:
%. ~Oi
--c;.. J.
-.:;.-ro-·T~-tr;~.s4-)..±. Ex :I ()
2.23(.1'1"'\ _1.:;)(;::
30
klJ ..,·..."c.
t -E
Page 3 ..1-7
P3.28. The truss in Figure .P3.28 is composed of pinjointed members that carry only axial load. Determine the forces in members, a, b, and c by passing vertical section 1 I through the center of the truss.
1.--10'
.~--
12'-~'__-
IO'--------i
P3.28
9'
..a. .~
~
:0;
12
kipS -~Mt>"R.
r;_ (q):: ,S k\~
tJ)
...e _.J-
F"1t4-
M , .. 0· .. J
Fe. fj.f4-==-
-:Il;""e :. f;iOft'pr.:,
,Xx.9.
,I
-:~H"_C:>'';:''O ~
Page 3-2f?
P3.29. (a) in Figure P3.29 trusses 1 and 2 are stable elements that can be treated as rigid bodies. Compute all reactions. (b) Draw free-body diagrams of each trUISS and evaluate the forces applied to the trusses at joints C, B, and D.
r
15'
15'
t-
1 40'
_L_l
60 kips
1
I
20'
1: ES.V.
e ~~
~ ~"$ trJ'"
F ~. .....
n.~
Q %~~.
t F-,.,.
.
tl Fr(,!d"
2.41(
(2Otu)lut-lQecr~~""
-::~: l
e
1IO{4d)-f6{(fJ()"
t.
f~". ~
fAh=S:~1(
~qv.
t?
Y'
ret
Fep: ~v.
!'ro1.,~G1;
r.a
fe'll :: Fe'_1'
T
eo- f ..IC=O.
el.11'I~
1:'
,..
7-r~u.cn,~
{,t.:tS.""
()
Page 3-29
P3.30 Classify the structures in Figure P3.30. Indicate if stable or unstable. If unstable, indicate the reason. If the structure is stable, indicate if determinate or indeterminate, J f indeterminate, specify the degree.
hinge
(a)
(b)
(e)
I
(d)
(e)
(f)
P3.30
tc...L.jo.cl-.Ci
(de)
D~nst,.h\e
lnciet ~o tb.)____d_ef;;:m,~ate
(£l..}
\oc1ei.
e:
2.0-,-.
20
~.) dc+em'l\-t.
(R<~+C.)
Page 3-30
P3.31 Classify the structures in Figure P3.31 Indicate if stable or unstable. If unstable, indicate the reason. If the structure is stable, indicate if determinate or indeterminate. If indeterminate, specify the degree.
hinge
hinge
!.
!.
hinge
(e)
(a)
(b)
'
~'
".
hin,g,e ! . ,'ct,
hinge"",
!.
. ,··c,
I
(I)
(e)
(d)
P3.31
Page
5-31
P3.32. Practical application: A one-lane bridge consists of a 100in-thick, 16-ft-wide reinforced concrete slab supported on two steel girders spaced 10ft apart. The girders are 62 ft long and weigh 400 Ib/ft. The bridge is to be designed for a uniform live load of 700 Ib/ft acting over the entire length of the bridge. Determine the maximum reaction applied to an end support due to dead, live, and impact loads. The live load may be assumed to act along the centerline of the deck slab and divide equally between the two girders. Each concrete curb weighs 240 lb/ft and each rail 120 lb/ft. Stone concrete has a unit weight of 150 Ib/ft3• Assume an impact factor of 0.29.
'Q ~ 10
"slab
-;[
~: "":"""'::'~f'~
L..3" 1~... lO"--"4-3,__j
Section A·A
__wt
JNt
of...2. ~AILS§2ox2.:;:
160lb#.xJD.!~,tlL-:;;.2.000
lh_-- ..Ib
lh.
+8:::>
240
~?2.oJb/-R
P3.32
=~
~
/(,ps/;+ ..:;11.1~k;F-"
-.._--
\V-lj-A-.~f. ·511U)elt--._---...
~O.+'Yf1'
129
452
]Qi"C'Diifd
". L LJoL"""'_.,I.odJ_nl...l ,-,r 1 ·A~r-..·
.•
~i Q='11"')lff
'2
d.
klFi
J,"J,,_+~:.£5.'2 _ .....
'2.2.I'll<l~/fT
2.211..(b~'),,:: ~511
z.
kir~
Page
3 ..32.
P3.33. A timber member supported by three to a concrete frame has to carry the loads Figure P3.33. (a) Calculate the reactions at (b) Determine the axial forces in all links. each link is in compression or tension.
P3.33
Of.""
l'c:q ~
R~1'iotJ
.,~
tat - eFx
SF'(lU':'
~O
i
:. ~("lc1) t
e>rl( -::'20""""5Fy-:.
+ ("'2111.) i
~FJ( lQ'
~Fyf
(&') =0
tt At
SF.
&F)(2 -to
t?f~ 2.C}.7alt6t1PRe~l~
1'UE CIRk,
,It:: 1l1r..J.
'hi
l~
i
-BFy'(4-l) -Cf4
-21.k(41) _ ta (e') :
~ -lltr. r '2.1.'"
rtrkf~~'~
H'6 L.1t",)('.
l,..UJIr:, •
-7~" ':or;
Page ~ .."
pf: s ~t
1~H~I~~ It.l1\4e.
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
CHAPTER 4: TRUSSES
P4.1. Classify the trusses in Figure P4.! as stable or unstable. If stable, indicate if determinate or indeterminate, If indeterminate, indicate the degree of indeterminacy,
(a)
eel
(b)
(/1
(d)
P4.1
(gl
a.)
Number of bars Number of reactions Number of Joints (b + r:::";16) > (2n= 14) 2° Indetenninate Number ofbars Number of reactions Number of Joints (b + r= 18) > (2n= 16) 2° Indetennjnate Number of bars Number of reactions Number of Joints (b + r= 10) = (2n 10)
b==ll r-5
IF'7
d.)
Number ofbars Number of reactions Number of Joints (b + r = 14) > (2n = 12) 2° Indeterminate Number ofbars Number of reactions Number of Joints
b==10 r=4
n=6
b.)
b=1l
(b+r=15»(2n-=: 1° Indeterminate
f.) Number of bars Number of reactions Number of Joints
c.)
b=7
r=3
b=17
r=6
n=5
n=ll
constitute a concurrent
force system.
b=IO
r=4 14)
n=7
(b+r=
14)=(20=
Determinate
Page
4-1
P4.2. Classify the trusses in Figure P4.2 as stable or unstable. If stable. indicate if determinate or indeterminate. indeterminate. indicate the degree.
If
(a)
(b)
(e)
(d)
rr
(e)
P4.2
(j)
(g)
~tI:. ZE%
+ 11 f~
lC
=U
-=
·\loJt7e1".
lJI.l&{~~
cL)
,~
2
to ~1'~
I
ZoO ~e
.f:1TA0l,...e
c..
1-J!7
e,1!S x e.rr~
I
~LJ"
...
tll
e'7e
-ff}l~L.t
I~.
t•
D.)
~ J'{...
z.~
e..)
-=
I~
e~e
&)
~e-_:: 11 ULJ1(J..t,,~...s?
C!I .11"':' -:: If,
.x
e.;.e
?1'~~c...eI
4~ ... & F"~
t'er.
=fa U~XN.1loo-lJJ~
U~A~c...e
4-K+ ~
,a
UJ.,I1o(~c1I" ..HJ?
2e,e
~ ,,~
)C
~.tr.., .. IZ ~
I
Z~
~1'A~
1- ,
JT"'= to
e.-;e
.!!!!.:
4fC.-t- U F~A:Il -:: I 0 U ...U()JQWJJ~ 2.~e ,. ~Sr~:: \0 ~
....;._-~/-
Ml"~f1Jil,..'(
~.
eer
U1(o
l~
L..liJ~1.Ae>l.8
MYI.:('
I.,IJW
r: @ lIN.
If.~'
Page
:i",~.J
4.. . 2
I-- 3m-!--l
m -I--P4.3
3m---l
't+
1& 4o-k~t"r
F)(~m) ~
Page
4-.,"3
P4.4
Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
11'
60 kips
1
e
-'"tS
L:>
P4.4
13
-""7.5
~~kIJ
1
I~'
Ar
_...._
OJ
91
~..
~I
.......
.._
tj--t
4.'2 k
64'( 5~ '"
,
_%MA:.:
'_('':-X')'J.-t-(f.0A9J- &l(ts')~ 0
6.1:= 5&k,ft;
AX =.42
k,?S
Page
4-4
P4.S
Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
20 kN 1--------
20 kN
5 @ 5 m = 25 m ------I
P4.S
-IS
~ lok~
1
t1.
t
1 5JIl
.zM~;
1!F'1- 0;
.+.'2.0 ~ a 5
"+-
\0
l(
5 - Rc!t'{ 2.oc.-O
~y .. 7.r; kN
i-52.S"tRA),=o
RA-X1I.
lok~ A-
Page
4-7
P4.6
Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
36 Kips 36 Kips
60 Kips
15' -I-P4.6
IS'
------+--
15' __j
1
D1A:O;
'ok(Ir;I)+ 3~k(~o')+ ~k(uot)
It)
.2.0'
...?J(,"
-+ q flc :::.0
~~4-o~t
Zfx=Oj
Ax::: 0
Page
4- .... (,
P4.7
Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
1'4..7
'''.1$
- 22
Page
4-1
P4.8
Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
B 30kN
1 1
6m
1---6m P4.8
6m'_!
,.._ . ._ 4,---r-__ _ _
C~:?o~
.;
A~~~O
~
·1.:---l."",,..A"=\~___""""'c.-'f-:t:O-uJl
~~c.: 0;
flOtua( ~~)
... 30JQJ(~~)
~
..,.AY(flM) = 0
,JortJI ""'.:
,,4,:Ol<foI
~ol<ol
At"fa ~ 0 j(.N
-.!.tD....~ =0
~c,,'
~Fr:o;
-~O~+C'(
-lIOI<H
i'''p
.:::\.4FrU. J 01
llio"'"
Cy:: I r;OIQl
~r ", \'
Page
4-~
P4.9
Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
c
I--- 16'---!--16,____J
P4,9
-+
Page
4.. ~
P4.10 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
r~~~~~D
\
15'
t
P4.10
Z~A=O
/.tJ.
24ay.t1)+i4k(!t1)-4x(I-;#)= 0
&x
Co ,,~..,_
Ay ....14-k ...Z4~:O
Ay~ 4&"t
Page
4-10
P4.11 Determine the forces in an bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
20 kips
1
15'
~~~~~DJ
10 kips
15' __j
-10
Page
4-11
24 lops
1
I-- 15' _15' ---t-IS'
20'
-----J.--
15' --1--
15'
_____j
P4.12
... 2fy=Dj 1
Cy-~4 (;1=
=0
(f. 2:M,,~oi
4+~t
A X A 2.111:..1
.vtz F1 =0 j
=e
P4.13 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
10
kips
IO
kips
10
kips
P4.13
,
8
>'"
,P4.14
Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
60 kips
~==LJlE=n~Q=::=:rill
-t
~-4@20'=80' P4.14
is:
---'eAy
F~e~O!7(
1'5
,
l
::o.30it
Eyt:'Ok
I.~c! =()j
• F%M
30"'(4Q') .. FIH(I~·) 0
rrDiiiiiiii;:::iiiliii~~f~
I"":t=Oj
41.
F~)( ~ tolt
1"!J.J~1"~
n"t;
!.~~::"i
41
Fk)(/ IJ.f'
:=.
Fetylie; ·
::.IS Ie
30k(tO')- 80k<30')+F%cJ«(~'::o
F:t(.~ ':.+"0 1C-1e....~IOIJ
Page
4"'1~
1
16'
-t
34 kips = RA
64 kips
16'---1
Page
4-15"
P4.16. Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Hint: If you have trouble computing bat forces, review K truss analysis in Example 4.6.
t
A
3 m----;T
3m
---r- 3
H
m~
1 3m
-t
1m
60kN
E~T~~~"
.!.'to
-eAts
l:5t+~ON
:51(_T~II)
:r::r
t La.
0
coMPuTe
REAc:noJ.lS: ~~MA ~
-
... ....l:.~ = 0;
"tXFy.Oi
(.OX~
~,o-..«(_0
t I.ML • 0:
c:.ot-\'PUr&
- :3Ox! -'Ox3'"
'1
'Ot' -~r9ao-O
c.~~eK SOIl·.aT
30
30 -. ( I ,,_
30 0
~~. 0 0
-~J<
tJO
:.
30 30
JOINT 1M E'Q.OL
2. r'(e.
Page 4-11l
P4.17 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
D
8m P4.17
IOm---i
- t2.i.'JS
"l-...
~'t.:
..1"OO :
.kil··
t·
....
11!lt- -0 jl;J..l4y-
£~-O;.
...ZFy::'Oj t
kll ...,._
\Ot'''-N - ~
so
Page
P4.18 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
20' -_-
20'
____j
P4.18
-Bl(to") + 81 =
'210
K
'0
+
-Zlok.
_~Ok
... ~OA
Ay
=-0
AI":.
~()()141'
-Ax-t Ax
c"
0"
-:=
(.,o)c...,_
Page
4-\&
4m
look~
T
4m
~a\..~ c/:
1(,.", " . a
BE c..c.~e:
F=oRc:.e.s
X __
~
\l il~x
H
I-- 4 m
-.j.o--
m--l
P4.19
t t
.'C..C.1
,. tiE .IoNO F~
~"iMME:.TtI."( IN ~ Bt(
A~ !!QlJof!L i", !'Il ~ tltlJ 1TU't'E. """0 SCI$!.. .As.sVMe T I!!.JJ'5, 10Jl. To
:5A'TI~F,(
~TIC.
OF "F MasT
=0
TilE
l
)C-COI1.PO
QE. E.~4L
H AA)U'TU~
~INCE THe y- CoMPoOE.l1'"\-) AR~ ~oAl-, Til- 'E. O~I.."( W/f'( . Ec2IutW~1ot-j C~~ B£ ~T\sF{ED
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~. . '( +'( .. 0 e
, -s
~
rrx.t'!>-t-
Ar=oO~"
e.OMpU TE. RE A c."TIOIJ5
100 (4-')
~ F,!,
~y&;ok~
Cty s.
100
::3'0 I~T
e:.
~I: MA .. 01
r;
<:ty:: sok\l
tl:.F~-o;
'Lf'x.:.o;
~OiE.:
-100
+Ay+~'(=o
A'I_ Al(='o
-4-r=
sokLl
-c:.:
~:7Il<1{ 5'2.11
SI~CE:::
STFlUc:1'UR.. .. j~e.
t~f;f=O
~lijC.€.. f"6~ :0.) jaIN, Cb"'$I~TS OF '''~2E.E ~2.5J Tu..>o elF 'WtHcll Af!.£ co~ f/.leATe. ! T;f1:U.~
Col..ILJel.fL
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-0
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:5!10W
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'ii!!.e:z:u=:"
3-~
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\9.,.14.", lc:~
YAl3
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---. +
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Tfi{~ -rA~ ~
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AJJ"L'(~\:S ::sttOUlS T#AT R::Q::£5 T;je: H~T 'OI~T ?A:T-t{ TffE .suPfbI't1$. TIH~IJ.lttrwA<.A~E RE~c...)(P£t> "Fo~ l.o"'~ Aut:> To 13~
8AQ.:i A8el>
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Page
P4.20 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
20 klpll 10 kips
l---
..----4fi)!d
"'" 'n:tri1Yj
~.
~.'SiIP?t
OET£gMwE
.=L~:-:
Page
4.. .0 2
P4.21 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
~ 3m
B ....
41XL
.3-1ll...I; C
-.~ t
i i
4m
3m
-42
'+ 1
l:>
in.
P4.21
.4'(=41"
-, ., 1&.
iac:rft'J"N
+
/"'l"
E~·C)7
'A
i%1")'
-=:E>y:a W!a_ld.l .,
.\ ~~S:'::#y·hn-O
0j
~_AP.:t2,·kL'-
..A,--~-'O_~( 1 ;= d
'n
•
~+
10m
2:.Rg-:-:-.O ;
§,HW (e~H.. T~
,..;::;..::;,;a.,_
12)1tct('31r)r
~'~rFcr (0'.0
~--~~.,
-:3 ~ =:
:LOS);::.
3
AAk~
Co~pL-e~
Me1'Ht?C7
1"
teD -_J_~1i)-~~-P.
or
J"'I-l-r...
(~ee
Pitt 1IfC,£ ~~
~iV&'1'!r).
Page
4-2.1
P4.22 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
24 kN
30 kN
P4.22
__3I)-k\l
,..., 4;. J(.& ......
:¥P -
R"--:l"+ P 2.~_k" ,_ _.
u ';_'
= ()
A.uac-~_B'(
ce , C,r
C5f=
JOlN1S
Page
4...2. 2
P4.23 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
c
~==~==~~==~==~E~
P4.23
-t
Jm
3m
Page
4;2.3
P4.24 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
I...-- 8 m -I---
8 m -I--P4.24
8 m ____j
e
o
~.A.o1.
.!un
.:&m __J
RL-WObi
_'
~R4·3t1
.c QM£UT..E 2.UCIJP'1S
~-~ML~_O;
-'
~e.
-::.30_x.s_ =0
30·· k1C
iEr-y-O,
-fA
1::
--30·-":·.30 +
'Rl.= '0 t
" Rl. =
Page
4---~
P4.2S. Determine the forces in all bars of the truss in Figure P4.25. If your solution is statically inconsistent. what conclusions can you draw about the truss? How might you modify the truss to improve its behavior? Try analyzing the truss with your computer program. Explain your results.
1
6m
e.
'it2iiC '"
.3Okg
~-~. 40
- 40 + 30 c.IJ ~_.$'Oktl
F,_,_u
F.
...
1~=.
(JL 1'5.
Tacsroo
0.;.
D:t){ .
= SO""
F"x'f
so - 40 + rl)"I.'1=c9
=:
-lokU eJlir~'
<.n
.~~
A2.EtRQ)~rs
ls:r~T
e.
Hl'-ST..
•
b2.C"S
2.. Y=ci~(,es_M~~
OQ. c..oMp<''(~Itw\
hf.\4e. 4~ ~~. ~~
~e: ~
.J
I~
Page
4 ..25
P4.26 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
18kN
l' 2m
i
2m
~--------3@4m--------~ P4.26
12:1y:O
--
2L ."':"-.fAt.,~--
fA&y'~rt~
i
tc
12~~
3m -
·/flk
.. 2m
r~! T
~I
~ ~
A.._ __
4m
----¥'....:....
1.
.t
r~F'" 22,5
'llkJl
·····::E~~·O
-----x ~.~-t
\}.li6
~_$J5'- 3..5._~rf!Clt:·
c:2t 'll.fQ-I'l.J(3~4F~tI
__ F~F_=""'2:Z.s\CN
£~\~)J't>
.. F~ ....TIdL_~~~: :~
-:'r
'i:
~-±o_'G\'
..,X.
C>
AJJ~
~.n:A( 0 ...
t5:fy~.Q:;;;_2..J.
(' iMA~
9 ~~
~~IJ.T.S
I'1A::
-T15Ct
3- F Y ZX
.:-t$1dd_ ~
...)2••
1'2 ~ ~ -
4... ~'CMI1.
4-
=-~.
4.skfJ
2(
Page
4.. ", 2
P4.27 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
P4.27
B t-72
+-'12
\O'~IOI
Page
4-~2.7
P4.28 Det.ennine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
c
1----12'---+--12'-1.
P4.28
1'2.-' -~
f 4.2~
r+)
~r:: 2.2S"1'
Af ...1.Zr;t4
-,k(IIj'l ...
fpBx :. 4: r;k.
IZ'
FpSl
~I
Ai:: '·'1;Jc.t
FD&X' = 3. ~7Sk~~"~I~
Fc::sx: 4.$
Page
I(
(~PKe~'D~)
4--2.8
P4.29 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression. c
1
Sm ~-------4@5m--------~ P4.29
1 sm
F~ee!$QD( Il-f1
Faa
'Zo~
Or
~t'notJ
<U
l.~ee:fT
.J.
:F~
32.k~
1.4k'"
sm +~m--l-5m
<1
f'l!l-r--
%'t1~ :::0 j
..
J2W
-::." _l_
,'ZkII(,,,,,,)_
20 (s~) _f&GX(2~~):::0
t',
rl!t&\( ::.~ -; ~
t....
I,..
n-1·,o·,
=0 j
fA""::: ~bjc.&L
~H • DF
2e~o
&AKS:
t
Page
4-"2~
P4.30 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
30 kips
J
L
8' ____j___ 5'
8'
_J._
5'
---L
8' ___)
P4.30
l~'
L~c.:O i
f..x (10') - ,k(t;,) ~ (J
/.i\
ex ::3/4k..,._
Ai :; Z7tc-t
=- 0
~1'lrce
~rftut1'u~e·.
3/~a:. -\-.Ax::O
I Fx-;o ;
_~k _
P«-:.(, ~/~t:. ~
Page
4-;0
P4.31 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
W~
~w
~~
~~
~~
~~
,.
.M ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~H
-t
j
~----------6@4m----------~ P4.31
3m
4m
R" - ~
= 2.4<>
Z
120kN
Joiur A
_rOC
. r.101IJJ
X9A
1 i (20= 11.43k\l(c)
7
'teA. 2Ok~
C
1l.43___..,.--
_ ~~k~
Fc.D=
1l.+3
k)J Er)
~c=
40 Idlec-)
40
10
A':"f!.
~---'l--::...I
__ E ~'XNE
22.1<.,
34,1'.;:..1
I'.4~.
t _,... Fi.~"
rlolL..'" 3+:2.')
kl! (c)
'2. '2.. 3C.(;'M(T) 12.0
~x .."
~~FK"
C
-
l'N~ s:~
)(~€"ck43k'"
(<:.)
~c.
Xui< 11."2.3-H1.l3-TKE:
-+
1~Fy= o.
4-
(11.43)
F"e ::
"21.~' (c)
Page
4-31
P4.32 Using the method of sections, determine the forces in the bars listed below each figure.
20 kips 40 kips 20 kips
--t
1o---4@ 15' ..60' -~' -
rIO'
_l
10'
Be. and
P4.32
EF
JtlJ~r A COHr'V"re
I
rAr'"
IS;IL~ ~~
f;.o
"_FAI
Ar=t4a"
rt~F''(:Oi 1: ~=O
F~~
~
..AD +4BJc._lOIc.:.0 f
FAl
-0
t,err
__ 'b
'D
FAS ClI;tr.caJ.-trR
Of~E'Gfl~®:
'd1'G.
. I~
........
ft,e _,
~ :~. ~ I
-20 "(\;'H FAey(30') =0
FA& '(
fi'
.r x
10k ~l7to-1l'R6.SStptJ
FA&X:.(_\~D)FJr8Y=-Ir;k
FA6 ~j(lD)'a.+(Lt;)J.:::l&~CDt1~.
+ttFy'.:Oj -2O'L+40Jc.-M>JY
~ .L.
i ~1=40~ j-I~I
I;'
=()
I-+A"-'~K-'
dO \.rFoJ!
jX
e.
2Q'
..f2:FY=Oj
.. ZOkre~~I~
-2Qk+F~y+Fet>y::o
F~p1~ lot
FPJX:.~~ )rI)J1:. ~
1e.... ~IDN
rx- 0;
-FA.]'
-19+
+FoJ'X+ Fr;;e. = 0
II)
fpE :.0
+ roe = 0
P4.33 Using the method of sections, detennme the forces in the bars listed below each figure.
J
_j3'
ii 12'
~_!f==::It=~Jt:=~it=::=~=d::=:~
30 kips 1----90 kips 30 kips
:
t6'
G ___i
and
LC
P4.33
..J:'P_ .~,,~
L C.
3'
142,.C5V
<!~",IZ •
c or
~~c. Tr Ol-i
1- I
. ....-r·F1-~
FI(J'~
FJI :.
~JO~'·'Z.1)\(t7.'5) ,
~Fy.O;
;:.14'1,O;\c' """"fSS.
Page
4-33
P4.34 Using the method of sections, determine the forces in the bars listed below each figure.
G F ~~~~~-12kips
"1
D
~==O==:::::::;()'
c1
9'
-1
9'
'~fsrw
I fEP
~4d'
::0
+1lfy::O;
1----3 @ 12' = 36'---; BARS: EF, El, ED, FH, and lJ P4.34
FFt\
fti1)::OO
~(:'
~
ISS"
I::=O j ='
.f
~r
&71c.,t,
I:
fr7f'.&e
1t04 &~!"E.F" :
CD
Tf?
fEPX/4!
&-;C/"
iHIf~
JO)t..11
Fe&>x::'
lIuJr.
~Wt>y'
r.;;-h- F.t
1Fz.r
4z"Fys 0; -feI ~ r!l
Page
:0
+ FI~::
4.. 4 3
P4.35 Using the method of sections, determine the forces in the bars listed below each figure.
K J H G
I
F
i
_l
3m
3m
12kN
16kN
12kN
~-----4@4m------~
lJ, Me, and Ml
P4.3S
2GldJ
t-..,.__~--'.~ @~~,m,U ~
_"_
So~,-c.~t:6_
j.-'j_
fORces
.-Se.E :SUllO,",
AIe>OVe..
n.
k;;._
~fh
~::i..a~_-_~.-.
n, ~~ ..
-f'''';xf4
.'.F
....
_to
-t»• _"J(,
f,.nx
~J3."6~k14to
:. fHIY,= 4 k}i
-I Co,","
P4.36 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression. Hint: Start with the method of sections.
3m
1
F A 30kN
J
.3m P4.36
2m
I--- 3m
cp
E)rn2..e
STR:.~C.Tt'R£
:z.M;_AO;
1-
'£73
~o
1
15'
i
sJ
30 kips 60 kips 4@20' P4,37 30 kips
15'
15'
-30
t,
l.5.
~~~~~~~~~~1
30k
..... ----4-.:.6}-ZO':r.s6>-----...-t
r++-
40 k
- fx.. x.3o-:,o
F1:. NY == so.k
30
Page
4-31
P4.38 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression. Hint: Start with the method of sections.
I- 9'_)_
6,_j_ 9,--1
P4.38
-21
t
"
\2
II---_.:....::;.:;.:~~c
n~
l:t'<o 100
u:«;
Q
24 lC 3D - Rc 24·~c
= 30
IttJ?
'X.Mo
~.
~+
L MF
-4>"
Ie
--0
24.x(2. -.3~(5~~c
9_ ~~
-+
Q
X~=
= ;Z !_k
- _.~_.u_~v
t'OC. ~ '27
k'p~-~
0E'~O(~
COMrt..S.Te.
BY M£'ffic'D
Page
4-~~
P4.39 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
c
6~
6~
I-sm-l-s m-l-sm-l-s
P4.39
m-l
5m
ME. TiloD
elf ~e.C.'T14N'S
5m
1
+
l!" . L~4=O;
G,.dO-XA86•O
cor
FSt>
XAa'liZ 12
klJ
(c)
-0+
~.fA::::o; XA K -X",-&
X~=
1:
t--
·4@;rn :.lam
..,G.k"
B4,
't>~) "t> F
t 1;f~
12k#( T
G, - '11.8 + '1At\-O
0;
't'A\l - 12,,(' =
k"
(T)
Page
4-~~
P4.40 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
!
I
12'
-t
-t
P4.40
12'
l2'
12'
._
CDNc.uttE..L.ll-
Page
4·40
P4.41 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
\-----
4 @4
m -----I
P4.41
12.kN
, k1.l
12.1<.11
RAyal5 kw
K~IC=
1'2..(4-) - \S (I!)
-+ Rex 3· 0
of C.
Ra-
+,
!i: r"'(
"'fA-. (S"~t)
1. l5"= 2Ok~
24 - 20 - ~~a
3
_+
X.... e
%. f')(, .0:
FA~· 4 (9
Page
4·41
P4.42 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
2.4 kips
i
------+-8'
6'
-----l
P4.42
f'1~A'"
't(~~
IJL-ff:
:A~-~..w-A'r-Il•MIL
'"I'
I.~~-~.: c:?
""" B'~
E"X1:o
*:OJ
~},:Oi
3.""'+
Ey=U2-ii"
5.~'_
~1-Eyl'3z}
At:: II.*lct
~Mc~Oj
6trx(l1.'~2.-t'lJ·)-IP,#(I('~=0
~nv&'
~'i'~~.29
~ft1~HIH J1 ~R
Ftlkff.S ~qLVeD
c
...
_ l
5'
4-42.
P4.43 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
12 kips D 12 kips
r
6'
12 kips -}
~~Fi
30 kips
6'
30 kips
---4@8'=32'~-_'" P4.43
Lf.(..o:
..
Ie
tZR,-o:
3e (C)
Page
4-4,
P4.44 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
E
1 J
30'
-11-P4.44
40'
----I
e~
&y::.
g.E, 1JlvG.1!JE :
~t-1~~O;
-&f(4D') + 3Qf-(80')~ltC1')
'0"'+
~O
tfLFr== 0 i
ZFx~Oj
.:1a.
-301c. -30t(-I-3o"-""Ay
~O
Ar=30"-t
6Fx :: +oJc.->
~Ff::
Ax
-:0
e~ C4X-::
4e>1t. +.
Ret1~I""'I~4
~LV~D
0
fo~f"S
B1' M~
or
-r ~J'-~«' + ""f~~c>~t
0,. =
JOlN1~.
Page
4=44
P4.45 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
20kN
P4.45
20kN
tz.1cJI
SUNJ
1
18
-t
4@4m
3m
t...
~T'OIJ~
ci}oiA,- 0: 12.,,~ 12)14." ..
'l.1-
3m
1l:Fy
RG "'O'
40.15
kll
"~l'I'-I~ ~-O
-,0 =0
--to
e"X·
5\. '2.6 kN
~u:V~T~L~S~~fD
~Mi=O
13:.
~~
_
~
.. 4 m ~~:tS'
=0 ~
~ ~~F'f::ao: +
~:t5
-'(~
XQ.!! :.
Yow~~:15UI
Yo~ =-b
'Xt>1.t
4-- 4S a.. •
• "re;" 4O:15k\L
Fn"" =
"'£,.
4o;j"5kU (T)
JOI~J 1-
5.l
+101-',"
Fcal.G.° ~
t
-
%fr=,-o
,"0 '" ~;''!i
+'(0"S:0
YOJ' -
19.'ZskM (c:)
_+
E.P'lI. =0:
as
kJ(
(C)
~
..IOlM1 e,
l~
Y1lc.- ~(ll~
1%f.(.:ro: 5,):Z5-1"·
12
-r~
~ SS.25
Fe:!.:1
l 0'l.15Iell CT)
fe
= S9k~iD
F"64" 'Cf.'2S(C)
J"II-lJ
A.
Page
4... 4;b.
P4.46. A two-lane highway bridge, supported on two deck trusses that span 64 ft, consists of an 8-in reinforced concrete slab supported on four steel stringers. The slab is protected by a 2-in wearing surface of asphalt. The 16ft-long stringers frame into the floor beams, which in tum transfer the live and dead loads to the panel points of each truss. The truss, bolted to the left abutment at point A, may be treated as pin supported. The right end of
the truss rests on an elastomeric pad at G. The elastomeric pad, which permits only horizontal displacement of the joint, can be treated as a roller. The loads shown represent the total dead and live loads. The 18-kip load is an additional live load that represents a heavy wheel load. Determine the force in the lower chord between panel points I and J, the force in member iB, and the reaction applied to the abutment at support A.
floor
upper
chord truss lower ~ 26'
_____J
chord
Section A-A
P4.46
loo.tj/c'
Page
4-4"
P4.47 Computer analysis of a truss. The purpose of this study is to show that the magnitude of the joint displacements as well as the magnitude of the forces in members may control the proportions • of structural members. For example, building codes typically specify maximum permitted displacements to ensure that excessive cracking of attached construction, such as exterior walls and windows, does not occur (see Photo l.1 in Sec. 1.3). A preliminary design of the truss in Figure P4.47 produces the following bar areas: member 1, 2.5 in2; member 2, 3 in2; and member 3, 2 in2. Also E = 29,000 kips/in-.
30 kips
~15'-----' P4.47
Case 1: Determine all bar forces, joint reactions, and joint displacements, assuming pin joints. Use the computer program to plot the deflected shape.
Case 2: If the maximum horizontal displacement of joint 2 is not to exceed 0.25 in, determine the minimum required area of the truss bars. For this case assume that all truss members have the same cross-sectional area. Round the area to the nearest whole number.
P4.47
Page
4_470....