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Revision History
Chapter Summary
System Introduction
Table of Contents
Overview........................................................................... 1
SoftSwitch Structure ........................................................... 1
Edge/Access Layer.............................................................. 2
Core Transfer Layer ............................................................ 4
Control Layer ..................................................................... 5
Service Layer ..................................................................... 6
System Features ................................................................ 8
Primary Purposes ..............................................................11
Product Standards .............................................................12
Overview
This chapter describes the ZXSS10 SS1b SoftSwitch control equip-
ment in terms of its overall structure, features, primary purposes
and product standards.
SoftSwitch Structure
The NGN based on the SoftSwitch system adopts the multi-layer
architecture model. The ZXSS10 SoftSwitch completely conforms
to and supports the standard multi-layer architecture model.
The ZXSS10 SoftSwitch system architecture falls into four layers:
� Service layer
� Control layer
� Core transfer layer
� Edge/access layer
Figure 1 shows the multi-layer architecture of the ZXSS10 SS1b.
Edge/Access Layer
At the edge/access layer, the existing access gateways and new
access terminal devices interwork with the existing communication
networks and implement the access from various communication
terminals (such as analog telephone, SIP Phone, PC Phone visual
terminal and intelligent terminal) to the IP core layer.
ZTE provides the following types of edge/access layer devices:
1. ZXMSG 9000 media gateway:
The ZXMSG 9000 can work as the Trunk Gateway (TG), Sig-
naling Gateway (SG) or Access Gateway (AG) or realize the
integrated functions of the three gateways via varying board
configuration. It is located in the edge/access layer of the
SoftSwitch network architecture
� When working as an AG, the ZXMSG 9000 is located in the
access layer of the Packet Switched Network (PSN) and en-
ables PSTN subscribers to access the IP network. It accepts
the access of common Z interface subscribers, ISDN digital
subscribers, V5 subscribers and DSL subscribers, imple-
menting the function of conversion between the voice/fax
signals at the PSTN/ISDN user side and the voice/fax sig-
nals at the IP network side.
� When working as a TG, the ZXMSG 9000 is located in the
core layer of the PSN. It accepts the access of No.7 trunk
subscribers and PRI subscribers. It enables PSTN sub-
scribers to access the NGN, implementing the function of
conversion between the voice/fax signals at the PSTN/ISDN
trunk side and the voice/fax signals at the IP network side.
� When working as an SG, the ZXMSG 9000 is located in
the core layer of the PSN and can effectively implement
the interworking of signaling between the Switched Cir-
cuit Network (SCN) and the IP packet network. It receives
and sends standard SS7 signaling messages at the circuit
switching network side and converts the signaling mes-
sages into the standard SIGTRAN protocol messages at the
packet network side so as to interwork with the SoftSwitch
core control device
2. Session border control (SBC) gateway
This kind of products covers the ZXSS10 B100/B200 (the
B100/B200 for short). The B100/B200 is located between the
customer premises network and the operator’s service net-
work to complete address translation and user access control.
The address translation function of the B100/B200 involves
signaling address translation and media address translation.
The user access control function of the B100/B200 includes
user access control and media stream channel control. The
ZXSS10 B100 (the B100 for short) enables/disables the media
channel under the control of the SoftSwitch. The ZXSS10 B200
(the B200 for short) is a high-performance, large-capacity car-
rier-class broadband gateway product launched by ZTE follow-
ing the B100. Located at the edge of the IP-IP network, the
B200 controls the IP-based session signaling protocols (e.g.
SIP, H.323, MGCP and MEGACO/H.248), provides edge access
and network interworking, implements IP address translation,
ensures service security and guarantees SLA service perfor-
mance.
� The B100/B200 can be placed between the operator’s ser-
vice network based on public network addresses and the
customer premises network based on private network ad-
dresses. All the signaling and media information from the
private network ports of the B100/B200 are transferred in a
loss-free way to the public network ports of the B100/B200
and vice versa.
� The B100/B200 can be placed in the operator’s service net-
work or VPN based on public network addresses to connect
Control Layer
The control layer refers to the SoftSwitch control equipment that
implements integrated control processing functions such as call
processing & control, access protocol adaptation, interconnection
and interworking and provides an application support platform for
the entire network. Functions and features of the control layer are
as follows:
� The ZXSS10 SS1b is large-capacity SoftSwitch control equip-
ment that can process millions of calls.
� In the SoftSwitch architecture, the ZXSS10 SS1b is the core
device independent of the bottom-layer bearer protocols and
completes the functions such as call control, protocol adapta-
tion and processing, media gateway access control, resource
allocation, protocol processing, routing, authentication and
Call Detail Record (CDR).
� The ZXSS10 SS1b can provide all primary call services, supple-
mentary services and point-to-point multimedia services of the
PSTN. Through cooperating with the service layer equipment
SCP and the application server, it can also provide users with
traditional intelligent services, value-added IP services, diverse
third-party value-added services and new intelligent services.
� The ZXSS10 SS1b can place user data in to its imbedded data-
base or in to the Smart Home Location Register (SHLR).
Service Layer
The service layer provides the network with applications and ser-
vices, customer-oriented integrated intelligent services and ser-
vice customization.
1. ZXWN SHLR
The ZXWN SHLR is developed by adding some functions of the
fixed network HLR based on the standard HLR of the 3G mo-
bile network. It stores the logical numbers and physical num-
bers of fixed network subscribers as well as their mapping rela-
tions and the information such as intelligent service subscrip-
tion data of fixed network subscribers. It provides integrated
and centralized subscriber data processing for mixed number
assignment of the local network, Number Portability (NP) ser-
vices, global intelligent service triggering, and transition from
PHS to 3G and convergence of the fixed network and the mo-
bile network.
2. ZXUP10
As the control point for value-added services and IN services
in the SoftSwitch network, the ZXUP10 interacts with the call
control entity to implement call control. The Service Switching
Point (SSP) of the SoftSwitch or the SSP of the intelligent net-
work can serve as the call control entity.
The ZXUP10 can control SIP calls of the SoftSwitch. Such calls
can be initiated by the SoftSwitch or by the ZXUP10. The SIP
protocol is applied at the interface between the ZXUP10 and
the SoftSwitch. SIP protocol is used to establish, terminate
and manage end-to-end call sessions.
Upon receipt of a call from the SoftSwitch, the ZXUP10 in-
vokes the corresponding value-added service according to the
obtained call information. It operates the call according to the
service execution needs, for example, it redirects the call, ac-
cepts and transfers the call or processes the call as the agent.
In addition to the above functions, the ZXUP10 supports initi-
ating calls to the SoftSwitch, that is, it can initiate a call in the
place of the user to the SoftSwitch according to the request
of third party application such as Web, Email, push or instant
messaging, so as to implement call control based on web and
messages.
The ZXUP10 is an integrated system platform. Using the Parlay
gateway as the core device, it consists of multiple devices such
as the media server, application server, Text To Speech (TTS)
server, O console and signaling gateway.
Devices contained in the ZXUP10 are listed in the following:
� Parlay gateway
The Parlay gateway is the core device of the ZXUP10 prod-
uct. It converges and encapsulates different bottom-layer
network resources, externally provides open APIs based on
the Parlay protocol and offers the platform for developing
third party’s services. The Parlay gateway is an indepen-
dent component irrelevant to the SoftSwitch in the control
layer, so the services are separate from call control and new
System Features
The ZXSS10 SS1b is designed with the most advanced distributed
system, not only lowering the overall running risk, but also im-
proving the processing capability and efficiency of the system. A
dedicated communication equipment platform serves as the hard-
ware platform of the system and a real-time multi-task operating
system serves as the software platform, which completely guar-
antees the requirements of carrier-class operation equipment for
large capacity and high reliability and ensures excellent cost-per-
formance ratio.
As the core equipment of the SoftSwitch network, the ZXSS10
SS1b features with the following in terms of performance:
1. Powerful networking capability, Tandem networking capability
and long distance traffic balancing.
� The combinations of the ZXSS10 SS1b and various gateway
devices, such as SS+MSG, SS+AG or SS+IAD, lead to the
buildup of long-distance network and local network, pro-
viding the long-distance, local solutions and convergence
of long-distance and local solutions. Besides, the combina-
tions support solution of dual-Tandem office.
� The system depends upon widely distributed data networks
as bearer networks and supports various network topolo-
gies such as star, tree, ring, and start + ring.
� The system has powerful penetration capability and sup-
ports various network scales. Therefore, it can not only
provide services for a large number of centralized users,
but also can expand all services to scattered users on the
edge of cities.
� The system inherits the advantages from existing networks
perfectly and supports the complete interworking with
PSTN/ISDN networks, No.7 signaling networks and mobile
communication networks.
� The system provides perfect integrated Network Manage-
ment System (NMS) and standard network interfaces so
that it can be connected to the local network management
� Network security
The system supports configuration of different user levels,
which prevents a user of lower level from performing op-
erations of a higher level. Real-time login information of
unauthorized users that attempt to access the system is
recorded in the background maintenance terminal. Alarms
with text message and images will be generated if there is
any request that imposes risks on the equipment, such as
multiple login failure, connection to IP address, and a large
amount of concurrent traffic. In addition, the ZXSS10 SS1b
has built-in safety check tools to defend against suspicious
attacks and report them to the system.
Also, ACL and port on-off are supported.
� User security
ZTE SoftSwitch system sets a device authentication code
for each authorized device and judges whether it should
allow or refuse the access of a user based on the authenti-
cation code.
Primary Purposes
A network based on SoftSwitch technology has the basic features
of a Next Generation Network (NGN), which can provide integrated
multimedia services such as data, voice and video in a centralized
manner. Currently, the SoftSwitch system primarily offers voice-
related and IP based value-added services, covering C0 through
C5:
1. It can work as the end office (C5 office), completely compat-
ible with all service provision capabilities of the PSTN switch,
supporting signaling and protocols such as MGCP, H.248, V5,
DSS1, SIP and H.323, supporting the access of multiple termi-
nals such as POTS, ISDN and packet terminals such as MGCP,
H.248, SIP, and H.323, and offering colorful voice, data and
multi-media service provision capabilities.
2. It can work as the Tandem office (C4 office) or toll office, sup-
porting traditional signaling such as SS7, SS5, R2, DSS1 and
V5 protocol. When combining with devices such as SG and TG
to perform networking, it has the access and trunk networking
capabilities as the existing PSTN switch.
3. It supports functions such as black/white list, call authentica-
tion, call interception and large-capacity bill storage. Also, it
can work as a gateway office.
4. It supports the INAP and MAP/MAP+ protocols. In addition, it
can work as SSP in the traditional intelligent network or in the
whole network IN system.
5. It provides WEB-based IP value-added services.
6. It provides Point-to-point multimedia communication services.
7. In the above various applications, the ZXSS10 SS1b, as the
control core of the system, is responsible for processing basic
functions such as call control, protocol adaptation and resource
management. Furthermore, as the charging collection point of
the system, the device provides CDR of all calls as the basis
for the billing system.
Product Standards
The ZXSS10 SS1b complies with the following standards, as shown
in Table 2.
Protocol Standard
ITU-T H.248.1
ITU-T H.248.2R1
ITU-T H.248.4
ITU-T H.248.14
ITU-T H.248.15
ITU-T H.248.23
ITU-T H.248.23R1
ITU-T H.248.24
ITU-T H.248.25
ITU-T H.248.25R1
ITU-T H.248.26
ITU-T H.248.28
ITU-T H.248.28R1
ITU-T H.248.32
ITU-T H.248.39
ITU-T H.248.42
IETF RFC3435
IETF RFC3660
Protocol Standard
IETF RFC3261
IETF RFC3262
IETF RFC3264
IETF RFC3265
IETF RFC3311
IETF RFC3515
IETF RFC2976
IETF RFC3327
IETF RFC3323
IETF RFC3325
IETF RFC3372
IETF RFC3398
IETF RFC3665
IETF RFC4123
IETF RFC3666
IETF RFC4028
IETF RFC2976
IETF RFC3204
IETF RFC3398
Q.931
Protocol Standard
SIGTRAN RFC2960
RFC3332
YD/T1192-2002
RFC3807
RFC3057
NO.7 GF001-9001
Q.700~Q.707,Q.709
GF001-9001
Q.721~Q.725
YDN-038-1997
Q.761~Q.764
Q.765~Q.766
Q.731~Q.737
Q.698~Q.699
GF010-95
Q.711~Q.714,Q.716
GF 011-1995
Q.771~Q.775
GF 017-1995
Q.1551,Q.1600,Q.1601
YD/T1226-2002
YD/T1201-2002
GF017-95
ITU-T Q.122409/97
ITU-T Q.122809/97
R2 ITU Q.400~Q.499
Protocol Standard
R5 Q140~Q164
DSS1 YDN034-1997
V5 YDN 020-1996(V5.1)
YDN 021-1996(V5.2)
YDN 108-1998
ITU-T Q.964,Q.965
YD 1380.1-2005-I.pdf
SNMP RFC1157
FTP RFC0959
RADIUS RFC2865
RFC2866
DTMF RFC2833
SNTP RFC1769
Product Structure
Table of Contents
Overview..........................................................................17
Hardware Structure ...........................................................17
Software Structure ............................................................20
System Working Principles ..................................................20
System Functions ..............................................................21
Overview
This chapter describes the ZXSS10 SS1b system in terms of its
hardware structure, software structure, working principles and
functions.
Hardware Structure
Compared with the traditional switch, the hardware structure of
the SoftSwitch control equipment is simpler. It comprises the
foreground real-time processing part, background (OSS, Database
Server) and switched Ethernet unit (SSN) used for interconnect-
ing all internal modules. Figure 2 shows the connection of ZXSS10
SS1b.
Software Structure
The ZXSS10 SS1b software system is distributed, featuring with
the multi-layer and modulized structure. The software system
is independent of the hardware platform, convenient to be up-
graded.Figure 5 shows system structure of the SoftSwitch control
equipment software.
System Functions
Functions realized by ZXSS10 SS1b include the following:
1. Call processing control
It implements the primary and enhanced call processing.
It identifies events reported by the media gateway, including
hook-off, dialing and hook-on, controls the media gateway on
sending tones of various signals to users, such as dialing tone,
ringing tone and ring-back tone, and provides the dialing plan
meeting the requirements of carriers.
It controls the establishment, hold-on and disconnection of the
primary call, including call processing, connection control, trig-
ger detection of the intelligent call and resources control. It
accepts the request of monitoring from the service exchange
function and processes call-related events in the request. It
accepts the call control information from the service exchange
function, supporting establishing and monitoring the call.
It supports the primary two-party and multi-party call control.
Here, the supported multi-party call control covers the its par-
ticular logic relationship, the entry/exit/segregation/sitter-in of
the conversation members involved and control of the voice
mixing process.
� The cooperation between the ZXSS10 SS1b and SG heads
to establish a call and free it. Here, the No.7/IP protocol can
be used, while take SCTP as the bearer protocol. Moreover,
the ZXSS10 SS1b can control the media gateway to send
IVR for implementing services such as second dial.
� ZXSS10 SS1b can be directly connected to the H.248 ter-
minal, MGCP terminal, SIP client terminal, H.323 terminal
and NCS terminal to provide services.
� ZXSS10 SS1b can work as the end office, toll office, Tandem
office and gateway office. It application covers C0~C5.
� ZXSS10 SS1b supports call processing like the tandem of-
fice and imports the SHLR to support the MAP/MAP+ pro-
tocols, performing tandem exchange for fixed network in-
telligenlization and supporting double tandem function.
� The ZXSS10 SS1b supports multi-area code function.
2. Access protocol adaptation
It is responsible for implementing the adaptation processing of
various access protocols (signaling).
The ZXSS10 SS1b is an open and multi-protocol entity with
standard protocols used to communicate with various media
� The ZXSS10 SS1b proper does not offer the charging sys-
tem but generate Call Detail Record (CDR) or metering bill.
Once the conversation is over, the charging data can be
output. For the long time conversation, the charging data
can be output during the conversation.
� The ZXSS10 SS1b can be connected to the charging center
via standard protocols to output the charging data, namely,
CDR. Here, for the general services, the charging center
can use the FTP protocol to collect the charging data pro-
vided by the SoftSwitch equipment on a regular basis. The
minimum cycle of collecting data is five minutes. For the
credit or pre-paid service, the SoftSwitch equipment uses
the Radius protocol to send the real-time charging data to
the charging center. This service can be real-timely discon-
nected.
� The ZXSS10 SS1b can send user information such as open-
ing account, canceling account and service attribute mod-
ification to the charging system via the standard XML or
MML interface. With the introduction of fixed network in-
telligentization, assigning a number to the user and the
related subscription can be implemented via SHLR. Then,
SHLR connects to the charging system via interfaces.
� The ZXSS10 SS1b supports the authentication on users and
gateway devices to avoid invalid user/device access.
6. Address resolution
ZXSS10 SS1b is responsible for converting the E.164 address
to IP address and providing the address resolution.
7. Voice processing
� The ZXSS10 SS1b can control the media gateway to decide
whether to use the voice compression and provide optional
voice compression algorithms such as G.711, G.723, G.726
and G.729.
� ZXSS10 SS1b can resiliently control the media gateway to
decide whether to use the echo cancellation technology.
� ZXSS10 SS1b also can resiliently control the media gate-
way to set size of the voice packet buffer to minimize the
influence of jitter on the voice quality.
8. Fax/MODEM processing
ZXSS10 SS1b provides Fax/MODEM processing function, sup-
ports T.30 and T.38 protocol.
9. Resources control
ZXSS10 SS1b provides the resources management function,
centrally managing resources in the system, including the as-
signment, release and control of the voice resources.
10. Operation and maintenance
ZXSS10 SS1b provides the consummate operation and mainte-
nance functions, supporting local maintenance management.
ZXSS10 SS1b supports the SNMP-based NM mechanism and
remote centralized NM. It can be brought to under the unified
management of the NM center along with other NEs in the sys-
tem.
Table of Contents
Overview..........................................................................25
Physical Interfaces.............................................................26
Protocol Interfaces.............................................................26
Protocol Overview..............................................................28
Megaco/H.248 Protocol ......................................................28
MGCP Protocol ..................................................................30
SIGTRAN Protocol..............................................................32
SCTP Protocol ...................................................................33
M3UA Protocol ..................................................................34
SIP Protocol......................................................................35
H.323 Protocol Stack .........................................................38
SS7 Signaling ...................................................................39
V5.2 Protocol ....................................................................41
Recommendation Q.931 .....................................................44
R2 Signaling .....................................................................44
China No.1 Signaling..........................................................46
Overview
ZXSS10 SS1b is a protocol entity cluster. Based on various pro-
tocols, ZXSS10 SS1b interworks with various networks. The im-
plementation mode guarantees the system with excellent adapt-
ability of future technologies. If new technologies appear, upgrade
the software version and provide interfaces on the gateway at the
edge layer without the large-scale hardware alteration involved.
Protocols supported by ZXSS10 SS1b cover the following: MGCP,
MEGACO/H.248, SIP, ISUP/TUP, SNMP, M3UA, SCTP, H.323,
SCCP, TCAP, INAP, PRA signaling protocol and China No.1 signal-
ing protocol.
ZXSS10 SS1b is the control core in the SoftSwitch system.
Meanwhile, it works as the external interface of the whole system.
ZXSS10 SS1b supports multiple signaling protocols and provides
interaction with other networks such as the PSTN, H.323, IN and
SIP networks.
Moreover, as a NE in PSN, ZXSS10 SS1b provides the Ethernet
interface to connect with the data network.
Physical Interfaces
Following is the detail of interfaces.
� The 100Base-T Ethernet (RJ 45) interface serves as the inter-
face between ZXSS10 SS1b and the data network. It complies
with the Ethernet standard: IEEE802.3, IEEE 802.3u.
� The local maintenance and management interface shall use the
10/100BaseT auto-sensing interface.
� The 10/100/1000BaseT interface is used between ZXSS10
SS1b and the local charging server.
� The 10BaseT/100BaseT interface is used between it and the
NMS and charging center. The 10BaseT and 100BaseT inter-
faces shall comply with the IEEE802.3 and IEEE802.3u stan-
dards respectively.
Protocol Interfaces
ZXSS10 SS1b is a multi-protocol entity, which interacts and coor-
dinates with other NEs on the soft switching network via various
standard protocols (interfaces) to perform functions needed in the
system together.
ZXSS10 SS1b supports the following protocols:
1. Call processing protocols
ISUP, TUP over IP, SIP ,/SIP-T,SIP-I, H.323, V5.2, Q.931, R2,
R1, R1.5, R5, China No.1 signaling, PRI, etc
2. Transmission control protocols
TCP, UDP, SCTP, TCAP/SCCP/ M3UA, IUA, V5UA
3. Media control protocols
H.248, SIP, MGCP, NCS, H.323
4. Service application protocols
INAP, CAP, RADIUS, MAP, MAP+,SIP
5. Maintenance management protocols
SNMP, FTP, Telnet
Figure 6shows the typical application of main protocols.
Protocol Overview
Following is the detail of different protocol.
Megaco/H.248 Protocol
Definition H.248/Media Gateway Control Protocol ( MEGACOProtocol), H.248
protocol for short, is a media gateway control protocol regulated
by IETF and ITU-T. This is a non-peer-to-peer protocol used for
the communication between the Media Gateway Controller (MGC)
and Media Gateway (MG).
The main function of the protocol is to establish a proper service
bearer connection model dividing the call connection and bearer
connection. By managing various service gateways, such as TG
and AG, the service interworking between the packet network and
PSTN network can be performed.
Connection Model The connection model defined by the H.248 protocol covers two
primary concepts: termination and context.
� Termination
Termination is a logical entity sending or accepting one or more
media streams. It has multiple feature descriptions, which
are integrated into a set of descriptors and contained in com-
mands. The termination is uniquely identified by the Termi-
nation ID, which is assigned by the media gateway when it is
built. At any time, a termination only belongs to one context.
� Context
The context indicates the connection relationship among some
terminations. It describes the topological relationship among
terminations and media mixed/switched parameters. A con-
text is composed of a group of terminations. One context can
contain multiple terminations.
Commands of The H.248 protocol provides commands to manipulate the logical
H.248 Protocol entities (terminations and contexts) of the connection model. The
attributes of terminations and contexts are under the control of
commands. In H.248, eight commands are defined, as shown in
Figure 7.
Command Function
MGCP Protocol
Definition Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) is the protocol put forward
based on the requirements of gateway separation structure. At the
very beginning, the protocol, developed on the basis of the Sim-
ple Gateway Control Protocol (SGCP) and Internet Protocol Device
Control (IPDC), is designed for the gateway controller to control
the gateway.
Connection Model According to the MGCP, the connection model comprises two basic
elements: endpoint and connection, a call supported by one or
more than one connection, and the connection and call are com-
pleted by the cooperation of one or more than one call agent. Fig-
ure 8shows the relationship among the endpoint, connection, call,
and gateway.
� Endpoint
The endpoint is the data source or data destination, physically
or virtually.
� Connection
The connection covers connections from point to point and
point to multi-point. The point-to-point connection means the
association between two endpoints sending data to each other.
Once the connection between two endpoints is established,
start to transfer the data.
� Call
A call, identified by a unique identifier, is created by the call
agent. A call identifier can be considered as a character string
without the structure. The call identifier must be unique in the
system. The call agent may establish more than one connec-
tion for the same call. These connections must be associated
with the same call.
Command Function
SIGTRAN Protocol
Definition SIGTRAN protocol is usually used between signaling gateways and
MGC, as shown in Figure 9. SIGTRAN protocol stack supports
transferring the SCN signaling protocol through the IP network.
This protocol stack supports the standard inter-layer primitive in-
terface defined by the layered model of the SCN signaling protocol.
In this sense, the existing SCN signaling application can be used
without any modification. Meanwhile, the protocol stack takes the
standard IP transfer protocol as the lowest transfer layer and en-
riches its functions to meet the special transfer requirements of
the SCN signaling.
SCTP Protocol
Definition Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), a reliable connec-
tion-oriented transmission protocol located at the same layer with
TCP and UDP in the network model, is designed for transferring
the PSTN signaling message in the IP network.
Advantages of Compared with TCP, SCTP has the following advantages:
SCTP Compared
with TCP � The SCTP connection can direct at multiple addresses, while
the TCP connection generally leads to one address.
� TCP is based on the bit stream, while SCTP is based on the
subscriber message stream.
� One TCP connection only supports one stream, while one SCTP
connection supports more than one stream at the same time.
� SCTP is configured with instruments for prevent attacks, such
as Tag, Cookie, and MAC.
SCTP Terms � Coupling
The SCTP coupling, in fact the corresponding relationship be-
tween two SCTP endpoints, covers two SCTP endpoints and
protocol status information containing the authentication tag
and transfer sequence numbers. A coupling can be uniquely
identified by the transfer address used by the SCTP endpoint
that uses the coupling. At any time, there is only one coupling
existed between two SCTP endpoints.
� Endpoint
The SCTP endpoint is the logic receiving or sending side in
the SCTP packet. On a multi-home host, an SCTP endpoint
can be presented by the opposite host as a group of qualified
destination transfer addresses that the SCTP packet can be
sent to, or a group of qualified source transfer addresses that
can receive the SCTP packet. All the transfer addresses used
by the SCTP endpoint must adopt the same port number, but
multiple IP addresses can be used. The transfer address used
by the SCTP endpoint must be unique.
� Stream
A stream is a unidirectional logic channel established from two
SCTP endpoints. With regard to the sequential delivery service,
all the subscriber messages in the channel must be delivered
in order.
� Transfer address
The transfer address is defined based on the network layer ad-
dress, transfer layer protocol, and transfer layer port number.
When the SCTP runs on the IP network, the transfer address is
defined by combining the IP address and the SCTP port num-
ber. At this moment, SCTP works as the transfer protocol.
M3UA Protocol
Definition MTP3-User Adaptation Layer (M3UA) is the MTP3 adaptation pro-
tocol. Through the seamless cooperation of M3UA and MTP3, SS7
network gracefully extends from the SCNN network to the IP net-
work. In this sense, devices in the IP network without functions
of the SS7 physical layer, data link layer, and complete network
layer, can provide services for the subscriber part of SS7.
Location of M3UA M3UA uses the SCTP protocol as the reliable signaling transfer pro-
tocol at a lower layer. Figure 11shows the location of M3UA when
it is being applied.
SIP Protocol
Definition Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), a multimedia communication pro-
tocol defined by IETF, is a application layer control protocol based
on texts and independent of the bottom protocols, used for estab-
lish, modify and terminate the two-party or multi-party multimedia
session over the IP network.
The Client-Server mode based on the text format is adopted in
SIP, which indicates the message syntax, semantics and code in
the text form. In this case, the Client originates requests and the
Server gives responses.
In the SoftSwitch network, SIP is applied among the SoftSwitch
device, SIP intelligent terminal and SIP server.
SIP-I is adopted among the SoftSwitch devices.
Primary Network Figure 12shows the primary network model of SIP
Model of SIP
FIGURE 12 PRIMARY NETWORK MODEL OF SIP
After the server receives the request message from the client,
it will generate a series of response messages, indicating the
processing situation to the request. The response message
falls into six types.
� 1××: Provisional, indicating that the request has been re-
ceived and is being processed.
� 2××: Success, indicating that the action has been received
and it is understood and accepted.
� 3××: Redirection, indicating that is necessary to perform
the next action, usually, redirection.
� 4××: Client Error, indicating that the request has a syntax
error or it cannot be executed by the server.
� 5××: Server Error, indicating that the server cannot exe-
cute the request but the request is a valid request.
� 6××: Global Failure, indicating that all servers in the net-
work cannot execute the request.
In SIP, 1×× response is defined as a temporary response and
other five responses as a final response. When receiving a final
response, the calling party will send an Ack message to make con-
firmation. When receiving a temporary response, the calling party
can send a Cancel message to cancel the former message.
Message Format Usually, both request message and response message have mes-
sage header and message body, but some messages do not have
the message body, such as 100trying.
1. Message header
The message header contains the following:
� From: Address of the party originating the request
� To: Address of the party receiving the request
� Call-ID: It is a parameter to identify some request. Usually,
this parameter will not change in a call. Call-ID, From and
To ensures the uniqueness of a call together.
� Cseq: It is a parameter indicating transaction. This param-
eter ensures the sequence of different request messages in
a call.
� Contact: It notifies the peer end of the address to which
the next request message can be sent directly.
� Via: When the request message passes the proxy server,
the proxy server adds its address into the domain, indi-
cating the chosen route. Thus, the response message can
return to the calling party along the route.
� Content-type: It indicates the format of the message body,
for example, SDP or ISUP.
� Date: It indicates the time, which may include year, month,
date, hour, minute, second, and day of a week.
2. Message body
In SIP, the message body usually adopts SDP. SDP is in a pure
text format, so it can be embedded into SIP.
SIP-T has the SDP+ISUP message body. For the processing of
ISUP, keep the binary coding format of ISUP.
SS7 Signaling
Overview NO.7 signaling is a common channel signaling. Multiple voice
channels share a signaling link. All the signaling links compose
the NO.7 signaling network.
Composition of NO.7 signaling network contains the following three elements:
No.7 Signaling
� Signaling Link
� Signaling Point (SP): is the node that can generate signaling
message.
� Signaling Transfer Point (STP): is in change of transferring the
received signaling messages to other nodes.
The node can be a SP or STP, or both.
3-Grade Structure Figure 13shows the 3-grade structure of No.7 signaling network.
of No.7 Signaling
FIGURE 13 3-GRADE STRUCTURE OF NO.7 SIGNALING NETWORK
No.7 Concepts The following are several concepts of No.7 signaling network.
� SP: is the start point or end point of the No.7 signaling mes-
sage.
� SP code: is the unique code to locate the SP in the signaling
network. It adopts the 14-bit or 24-bit code.
� STP: is the network node that completes the No.7 signaling
message transfer.
� Signaling link: is the No.7 data link connecting SP and STP.
� Signaling link set: is a set of parallel signaling links directly
interconnecting two or more STPs.
� Destination (signaling) Point Code (DPC): indicates the trans-
mission destination of the No.7 message. In our country, the
24-bit code is used.
� Originating (signaling) Point Code (OPC): indicates the trans-
mission source of the No.7 message. In our country, the 24-bit
code is used.
� Circuit Identification Code (CIC): specifies the trunk circuit oc-
cupied by the No.7 message to establish a connection. The
12-bit code is used.
� Signaling Link Code (SLC): indicates the code of the link be-
tween two neighboring SPs. The 4-bit code is used.
� Signaling Link Selection Code (SLS): indicates the link used by
the No.7 message. The lower 4-bit code of CIC is used.
Function model of Figure 14shows the function model of No.7 signaling.
No.7 Signaling
FIGURE 14 FUNCTION MODEL OF NO.7 SIGNALING
V5.2 Protocol
Definition The V5.2 protocol is used for interconnection and interworking via
Signaling Gateway (SG) between the SoftSwitch network and the
access network that has the V5.2 interface. In the SoftSwitch sys-
tem, the Media Gateway (MG) can be used as an access device.
TheSG is connected to the SoftSwitch control device via V5UA.
Recommendation Q.931
Definition Recommendation Q.931 provides the procedures for establishing,
holding and clearing the network connections between ISDN sub-
scribers and the network. These procedures comprise the message
transmission interface structures at the basic rate and the primary
rate on the D channel. The related protocol functions, methods
and interfaces with the other layers are included in Recommenda-
tion Q.930.
The content in the Recommendation is used for the control of
circuit switched connections, user-user signaling connections and
packet switched connections.
Functions of Recommendation Q.930/Q.931 provides the following functions:
Q.930/Q.931
� Processes Layer 3 messages, communicates with the call con-
trol and resource management entities of the switch and com-
pletes call processing.
� Communicates with the adjacent layers via primitives.
� Implements resource management (such as channel and call
reference) as necessary.
� Provides the required basic services and supplementary ser-
vices for users.
R2 Signaling
Definition R2 signaling comprises of circuit signal and register signal. The
definitions of circuit signal and register signal vary from country
to country.
1. Circuit signals, transported among circuit devices (repeater)
comprise of multiple circuit monitoring signals, monitoring
trunk status and connection execution control. Since each
trunk shall be equipped with a suite of circuit devices without
the global utilization, therefore, to reduce the cost, circuit
signals are simple and comparatively and the types are lesser.
2. Register signals, transported among registers, comprise of
routing signals and service signals, used for selecting routing,
callee and managing telephone network. Since registers are
public devices and the total amount is few, therefore, register
signals can be more complicated and the types are more.
Circuit Signal Circuit signals of R2 signaling are in three forms: DC circuit sig-
nal, in-band single frequency pulse circuit signal and digital circuit
signal.
1. DC circuit signal
DC circuit signal is mainly used over the solid line trunk of
electromechanical exchange. At present, the domestic local
call network uses the SPC switches; therefore, the DC circuit
signal is not used now. No details on DC circuit signal are given
here.
2. In-band single frequency pulse circuit signal
In the automatic toll call network, when the inter-office trans-
mission system uses carrier, microwave, satellite circuit of Fre-
quency Division Multiplexing (FDM), the inter-office circuit sig-
nals use audio signal, that is, in-band single frequency pulse
circuit signal.
3. Digital circuit signal
Circuit signals are used for monitor the seizure, release and
block state of trunks. Meanings of digital circuit signals are
listed in Table 5.
Register Signal The Multi Frequency Compelled (MFC) mode is adopted for register
signals of R2 signaling. The signals fall into two kinds: forward sig-
nals and backward signals. Both of them are successive. Forward
signals are used for transferring addresses and control instruc-
tions, while backward signals are used for acknowledgement and
control. When a digit is sent, the forward signal can stop sending
unless the backward acknowledgement is received. Similarly, the
receiving end stops backward signals unless the forward signals
are detected stopped sending.
MFC register signals fall into forward signals and backward signals.
Here, forward signals are divided into two groups: Group I and
Group II. Backward signals are divided into another two groups:
Group A and Group B. Signals in Group A are acknowledgement
signals of Group I, while signals in Group B are acknowledgement
signals of Group II. Meanings of each signal group are listed in
Table 6.
Forward Signal
KC Long-distance connection 5
type
KE Long-distance (local) 5
connection type
Backward Signal
Af 0 Offhook (seizure)
1 Onhook (disconnection)
Bf 0 Normal
1 Faulty
Ab 0 Called offhook
1 Callee onhook
Bb 0 Idle
Register Signal MFC signal: the register signal is sent out by a register in an ex-
change office and received by a register of another exchange of-
fice. It is used to automatically connect the control circuit. To
guarantee the fast transfer and anti-interference capability, the
register adopts the MFC mode. Therefore, the signal is called MFC
signal.
MFC signals fall into the following kinds:
� Forward signals: Group I and Group II
Forward Signal
I KA Caller type 15
KC Long-distance connection 5
type
KE Long-distance (local) 5
connection type
Backward Signal
Service Provision
Table of Contents
Overview..........................................................................49
Primary Voice Services .......................................................51
Primary PSTN Voice Services and Supplementary Ser-
vices................................................................................51
IP Centrex ........................................................................57
IP Public Phone .................................................................63
Traditional Intelligent Services.............................................66
F3G Intelligent Services .....................................................68
Hybrid Number Assignment Service .....................................69
WAN Centrex Services........................................................70
Number Portability (NP)......................................................71
Pre-paid Service ................................................................71
PHS Hotel Service..............................................................72
Callee CRBT ......................................................................72
Caller CRBT ......................................................................72
Non-Personalized CRBT ......................................................73
One Number Multiple-Phone................................................73
IP-based Value-Added Service .............................................74
SoftDA Service ..................................................................76
Multimedia Service ............................................................77
Web Call Service ...............................................................78
Web 800 Service ...............................................................78
Web Conference Service .....................................................80
Unified Messaging Service (UMS) .........................................82
Overview
ZXSS10 SS1b has the powerful service provision capability. The
system uses the multi-layer network architecture, as shown in Fig-
ure 17. It has the following features:
� The service provisioning is independent of network and media.
Once a service is generated, it can be shared by the whole
network.
� When a new service is introduced by the operator, the resilient
creation environment of service logic help the operator free of
expensive hardware upgrade cost along with other techniques
and transportation cost.
� Services can be resilient provided by developers, operators,
software companies licensed by operators and the third-party
developers.
Service Description
Service Description
Toll pro- After registering call forwarding, a subscriber can use this
hibited in service so that calls are not forwarded to toll numbers.
call for- This service needs to be used in conjunction with call
warding forwarding.
Calling When the called party is busy, the caller can hang up
back on and wait. Once the phone of the called party is idle, an
busy automatic callback can be made.
Do not With this service, the subscriber can be exempt from the
disturb interference of outside calls within 12 hours (adjustable
within by the equipment buyer). Moreover, outgoing calls of the
the set subscriber will not be restricted.
time
Service Description
Service Description
Forced With this service, the phone set of the subscriber will have
release the forced release function.
service
Service Description
Connec- This service restricts the incoming calls to only the specified
tion of numbers, and the outgoing calls of the subscriber are not
specified be restricted. Up to 10 destination codes can be defined
calling in the list of designated destination code connections.
destina- The destination codes may be prefix, country code, area
tion code code, office code, special service number or DN (with the
maximum length of 40 digits). The emergency calls of
subscribers will not be restricted by the call destination
connection service. The percentage of such subscribers
is 10%.
Service Description
Inter- Intercept the call when the called number is changed, the
ception route is blocked temporarily, or the subscriber misoperates.
service Transfer the call to an answer-agent device to reduce
unnecessary connections. This service is free of charge and
requires no special application.
## Au- One can hear the number of the subscriber reported by the
tomatic system through dialing ##.
number
report
Service Description
Service When the MSG series gateway works as the media server
tone on of the SoftSwitch, one can dial an access code and a
trial service tone number on a telephone to listen the service
tone loaded to the gateway. It is convenient to find out and
test the service tone.
IP Centrex
Functions of IP ZXSS10 SS1b can provide the IP Centrex service. Besides the
Centrex functions of the traditional Centrex service, it also provides exten-
sion subscribers with new services that only the SoftSwitch sys-
tem has to meet requirements for data communication. In terms
of network, it can provide some functions unavailable on the tradi-
tional switches. It supports CENTREX application modes crossing
exchanges, regions, a variety of equipment and terminals.
The IP Centrex service is a high-quality service provided by the
SoftSwitch control equipment, which is applicable to enterprise
users at various scales. It can replace the traditional PBX or be
used to enhance the traditional telephone service of the exist-
ing PBX. Besides the traditional "*#" plus number service appli-
cation mode, ZTE SoftSwitch control equipment can also provide
WEB-based services and self-help management. Subscribers can
subscribe or cancel services via the WEB page, which is very con-
venient.
ZXSS10 SS1b supports intra-group subscribers registering the full
network intelligentized services, such as calling party CRBT and
called party CRBT.
Figure 18 shows the service provisioning mode of IP Centrex.
Service Description
Service Description
Missing call query With this service, the system will give the number
of missing calls in voice announcements when
subscribers pick up phones. Subscribers can query
the time and number of missing calls according
to voice navigation.
Service Description
Service Description
Service Description
Login and logout Calls to the simple attendant console are uniformly
notification of the queued by the automatic call distributor (ACD);
simple attendant therefore SoftSwitch need notify the attendant
console console of logins and logouts. Then, the attendant
console notifies the ACD of in-line or out-of-line.
Call back of the Based on the configuration, when a user out of the
incoming call group dials the full number of a user in the group,
the call under one of the following conditions is
directly transferred to the attendant console:
1. Dialing a full number in the group, the call is
directly transferred to the manual attendant
console.
2. Dialing a full number in the group, Do Not
Disturb is activated by the user in the group.
3. Dialing a full number in the group, the user in
the group restricts the incoming call.
Service Description
IP Public Phone
ZXSS10 SS1b can provide IP public phone services. According to
different billing methods, we can divide IP public phone services
into two implementation types: compact and standard.
The compact IP public phone service uses the traditional meter
in billing. The corresponding user port of IAD or AG is connected
with the meter. When a conversation ends, the SoftSwitch control
equipment will tell IAD or AG to generate a polarity reversal pulse
to provide for the connected meter for billing. This mode needs
no configuration of extra device at the network side. Being sim-
ple and quick in implementation, it is applicable to self-employed
business operators. However, the compact IP public phone is only
applicable to ordinary phones accessed via the IAD/AG and cannot
be applied to intelligent terminals and visual terminals. In addi-
tion, its billing algorithm management is difficult and the charging
duration is incorrect. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the
standard billing mode to large-scale IP phones.
Figure 19 shows how the compact IP public phone is implemented.
Traditional Intelligent
Services
Interworking with the traditional IN equipment SCP, ZXSS10 SS1b
provides all traditional intelligent services, as listed in Table 11.
Service Description
Service Description
Service Description
Called payment The caller dials the specified access code of called
service payment service, and then the called number.
The system gives a voice notification to the
called to tell whether the called accept the call.
If the called agrees to pay the call (determined
through the voice interaction), the system puts
through the called. This bill is on the account
of the called.
Pre-paid Service
For this service, subscriber must first prepay an appropriate
amount at subscription (or charge the number account by pur-
chasing the pre-paid phone card). When a call is connected, the
subscriber account decides whether to accept or refuse the call.
The call is charged real-timely in the process of conversation and
the call charge is deducted from that prepayment. When the
prepaid amount is used up, the system plays the announcement
for the subscriber to remind of the payment for continuous service
provisioning.
Traditionally, the caller is required to dial the access code of the
pre-paid service or the caller switch is required to identify that the
caller is a pre-paid service subscriber. In this sense, the access
code of the pre-paid service is automatically added to the callee
number. Since SHLR is being used, the caller switch can trigger
the pre-paid service very easily.
Callee CRBT
The CRBT service is set by the callee. When a call goes to the
callee, before pick-up, the caller is played with a piece of music,
advertisement or message recorded by the callee. At the mo-
ment, what the caller heard is not the flat beep but the CRBT set
in the system by the callee. The personalized CRBT is preset by
the callee. It might be the ring tone or music offered by the sys-
tem, voice file recorded in advance by the callee via the IN system
or voice file downloaded in advance by the callee to the IN sys-
tem. At present, the CRBT service is already offered by the PHS
network. With the help or addition of the CRBT system, the fixed
network subscriber can register the value-added ring back tone
customization, meeting the personalized requirements and pro-
moting the business income of the operators. If SHLR manages
the subscriber data of the local network, the CRBT service infor-
mation registered by the callee can be stored in SHLR. When the
callee is called, the CRBT service attributes or CRBT service access
code can be returned to SS, which triggers the service to the ser-
vice platform.
Caller CRBT
Caller CRBT allows users to set their preferred CRBT. When the
caller makes a call and the called rings, the caller can hear the set
CRBT instead of the CRBT of called. The CRBT service information
subscribed by the caller is stored in the SHLR. When the specified
Non-Personalized CRBT
Except the caller CRBT and called CRBT, ZXSS10 SS1b can also
provide the non-personalized CRBT service. This service is applied
to the user group that requires CRBT but not frequently changes
the tone. Non-personalized CRBT is offered by the ZXMSG 9000
media server.
IP-based Value-Added
Service
The NGN-based unified service platform (Product model: ZXUP10)
is a platform developed by the ZTE according to the new ser-
vice generation specifications in the NGN system. Using the Open
Service Access (OSA) standard architecture for a reference, the
ZXUP10, based on the establishment of the unified and open ser-
vice platform, separates the service deployment and the bearer
network as the independent part. This move is favorable for the
third party service provider to participate in developing the ser-
vice; it can promote the interworking of multiple networks and the
rapid deployment of new customization services. Additionally, this
can provide service for the PSTN, NGN and 3G subscribers. The
ZXUP10, ZTE NGN unified service platform, can externally provide
the open, standard, PARLAY Application Program Interface (API).
ZXSS10 SS1b can interwork with the ZTE application server
ZXUP10 to provide the IP-based value-added service listed in
Table 12.
Service Description
Service Description
SoftDA Service
In the NGN, the most obvious feature is that the subscriber is
reachable though IP address. In such favorable situation, the ZTE
has developed the SoftDA service on the basis of the Parlay gate-
way software platform.
The SoftDA service has utilized the IP to improve the service ca-
pacity of previous common telephones. Replying on voice appli-
cation, the service, based on the SIP, can set up individual portals
to provide all types of data assistant services, with the data being
supplementary.
The SoftDA service includes Click To Dial (CTD), click to confer-
ence, Click To Fax (CTF), network number directory, call records
and message summary, intelligent call, intelligent routing, Pres-
ence, application sharing and other functions. It can provide the
subscriber with a whole digital communication platform.
The subscribers of the SoftDA service are the medium or high-end
ones who possess some knowledge of computers and network ap-
plication. Aiming at the major customers and the commercial sub-
scribers, this service needs more favorable communication envi-
ronment to improve its efficiency. The SoftDA service is popular-
ized in the group users as the data Virtual Private Network (VPN).
The SoftDA service includes:
1. Login number
When logging in to the SoftDA service, the subscriber can bind
a number to a PC, a telephone set, or a mobile phone. The
subscriber will make or receive calls at that number.
2. Status display
After login to the SoftDA service, a subscriber can view the
status information (online, busy, off, answering a call, and so
on) of his friends; likewise, his friends can view his status in-
formation.
3. Calling a friend
The subscriber can make a call to one of his online friends. The
called party can answer the call at the number bound at the
time of login.
4. Making calls
The subscriber can dial a fixed-line number or a mobile phone
number with the dial-pad on the SoftDA interface.
5. Conference call
The subscriber can convene a teleconference with several se-
lected friends or called parties.
6. One number links you (ONLY)
Multimedia Service
Multimedia service integrates image, voice and data, like video-
conference, two-point video communication, voice interworking
(between videoconferencing terminal, telephone, handset and
other voice terminals), video office collaboration and remote mon-
itoring. Multimedia services as new strategic services launched by
the telecom operators come next after voice and data services.
In the IP network, the provision of multiple multimedia applica-
tions such as videoconference, two-point video communication,
interworking with the voice terminal, video office collaboration has
become the goal of the communication network development. The
SoftSwitch platform is the best network platform to reach such
goal.
Taking ZXSS10 SS1b as the core, multimedia service can be real-
ized via SHLR and MCU as follows:
� Multiparty video conference
� Two-point video communication
� Voice interworking service
2. Conference chairman
As a subscriber holding the conference card, the conference
chairman is entitled to reserve the conference, to modify and
query the reserved conference.
According to the responses to the conference notification, the
conference chairman can determine whether to convene a con-
ference and manage the ongoing conference.
3. Conference member
Conference members refer to those invited to attend a confer-
ence by the chairman. A conference member can attend the
conference in the convergence mode or divergence mode.
4. Administrator
There are two types of administrators: system administra-
tor and common administrator. The system administrator can
manage common administrators, and common administrator
manages conferences.
5. Conference participating mode
Conference members attend conferences in the convergence
mode or divergence mode. The convergence mode means
when it is time to begin the conference, the conference mem-
bers dial the conference access codes, and input the confer-
ence numbers and conference passwords to access the con-
ference. Divergence mode means when it is time to begin the
conference, the system calls the members automatically, who
will access the conference after hooking off. In a conference,
these two modes can coexist.
6. Conference reservation
The conference chairman can reserve conferences. Fill in the
conference start time, end time, number of attendees, con-
ference members. For a conference convened in a divergence
mode, the telephone numbers of the conference members
should be filled in; for a conference convened in a convergence
mode, the conference number and the conference password
should be announced to the conference members. The reser-
vation result can be obtained after the chairman submits the
reservation.
7. Real-time management of chairman
After a conference starts, the chairman can manage the con-
ference in the real time. The chairman can see the dynamic
conference status, who are present and who are absent. The
chairman is entitled to delete someone who is present in the
conference by clicking on the web page, or add an attendee to
the conference by completing the member information, clicking
it and calling the attendee in a divergence mode. The attendee
will be added to the conference after going off-hook.
8. Displaying the conference status dynamically
The chairman can see the dynamic progress of the conference
and perform corresponding operations. The conference mem-
bers can see the status of the conference and request to join
or exit the sub-conference.
9. Sub-conference function
2. Information storage
� Leaving a telephone message
The existing voice mailbox function keeps unchanged. This
comprises actively leaving a message by the subscriber,
leaving a message in the auto answer mode and leaving a
message by bulletin owner.
� Email service provision UMS
It provides subscribers with email service. With the email
box provided by the system, a subscriber can receive email
messages forwarded by other email servers or send email
messages through the WWW.
� Sending a fax
The fax service provided by the existing voice mailbox
keeps unchanged. It can send, receive, and store faxes.
� WWW browser
A subscriber can send mails through the Web service of the
UMS system.
� Short message
The short message function is implemented through con-
nection with the Short Message Center (SMC). In general,
short message media are used for media notification and
they cannot be stored.
3. Message notification
� Message notification by telephone
When a voice, fax or Email message is added to the UMS
mailbox of a subscriber, the system will inform the mailbox
owner of the new message by calling the designated tele-
phone number of the owner.
� Message notification by email
When a voice or fax message is added to the mailbox of a
subscriber, the system will send the notification message
in the email mode to the Email address designated by the
mailbox owner.
� Message notification by pager
When a voice, fax or Email message is added to the UMS
mailbox of a subscriber, the system will inform the mailbox
owner of the new message by originating the pager notifi-
cation.
� Message notification by short message
When a voice, fax or Email message is added to the UMS
mailbox of a subscriber, the system will send the notifica-
tion message in the short message mode to the handset
designated by the mailbox owner.
4. Message retrieval
� Message retrieval by telephone
This mode can be used to retrieve voice mail messages and
Email.
Networking Configurat
ion
Table of Contents
Overview..........................................................................85
Networking Mode...............................................................85
Toll Network Solution .........................................................86
Local Tandem Office Solution...............................................87
Local Access Solution .........................................................88
Hybrid Networking Mode.....................................................94
System Configuration.........................................................94
Overview
This chapter describes networking modes to exemplify connection,
solution and detailed configurations of the product so that one can
understand the networking capability, service capability and envi-
ronment adaptation capability of the product.
Networking Mode
ZXSS10 SS1b supports various networking modes, which is
characteristic of sound expansibility, powerful system processing
capability and complete product series. It can provide multiple
networking modes according to different demands and network
environment. Therefore, it can meet requirements for not only
large-scale networking in telecom operation but also networking
of medium/small enterprises or even residential communities.
As a conclusion, ZXSS10 SS1b can provide networking modes from
C0 to C5, such as DC0, DC1 backbone network, DC2 (local-toll)
tandem and local network (Class 5).
SOHO ü ü ü ü ü
Solution
Com- ü ü ü
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Solution
Intel- ü ü ü ü
ligent
Termi-
nal Sol-
ution
Primary Mode of Figure 24 shows the primary mode of local networking. The typical
Local Networking configured devices cover ZXSS10 SS1b + ZXMSG9000 + MSAN +
IAD or intelligent terminal.
System Configuration
From the perspective of the reliability of the telecom equipment,
the basic configuration principles are as follows: the 1+1 backup
mechanism is applied to major boards, power modules, System
Control Card (SC) and GNIC/Network Interface Card (NIC, via data
configuration); the quantity of the SPC in SC depends on the net-
work capacity; here, the 1+1 backup is also applicable.
5 System SC PCS 2
control
card
10 Data PCS 1
mainte-
nance
man-
agement
server
11 Billing PCS 2
server
2 19-inch ZX209.01J-2PCS 1
server
rack
5 System SC PCS 2
control
card
12 Data PCS 1
mainte-
nance
man-
agement
server
13 Billing PCS 1
server
Technical Specifications
Table of Contents
Overview..........................................................................99
Technical Specifications ......................................................99
Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCAs) ........................................99
Maximum Subscriber Capacity........................................... 100
Signaling Processing Capability.......................................... 100
Protocol Processing Capability ........................................... 100
Call Authentication .......................................................... 101
Charging Performance ...................................................... 103
Time Monitoring .............................................................. 103
Reliability and Availability ................................................. 103
Physical Specifications...................................................... 104
Overview
This chapter describes ZXSS10 SS1b in terms of its technical spec-
ifications such as system processing capability, charging perfor-
mance, time monitoring, load capability, reliability and availability
and its environmental requirements.
Technical Specifications
As a large-capacity SoftSwitch control equipment, a single shelf
of the ZXSS10 SS1b supports 2000K (2 Million) BHCAs, and eight
cascading shelves supports a maximum of 16,000K ( 16 Million)
BHCAs, while eleven cascading shelves supports up to 22,000K (
22 Million) BHCAs.
Maximum Subscriber
Capacity
The maximum digital trunks and subscriber capacity of single SS1b
shelf are decided by the specific traffic model.
When the load of CPU is 55%, the processing capability of SPC is
46 CAPS/board. The SPC boards are configured in pair and in the
loadsharing/active standby each other working mode part-
nership. Each pair of SPCs provides the processing capability of
92 CAPS.
Signaling Processing
Capability
� ZXSS10 SS1b supports up to 1024 local signaling points.
� A shelf of the ZXSS10 SS1b supports up to 1500 64k or 100
2M No.7 signaling links.
Protocol Processing
Capability
� The SIP/SIP-T/BICC protocol is adopted for interpretability
among the ZXSS10 SS1b SoftSwitch control equipment.
� The SIGTRAN protocol is used between the ZXSS10 SS1b and
signaling gateway.
� The H.248 protocol is used between the ZXSS10 SS1b and
trunk gateway.
� The H.248 or MGCP protocol is used between the ZXSS10 SS1b
and media gateway.
� The SIP protocol is used between the ZXSS10 SS1b and appli-
cation server.
� The MGCP protocol is used between the ZXSS10 SS1b and
MGCP terminal.
� The SIP protocol is used between the ZXSS10 SS1b and SIP
terminal.
� The H.323 protocol is used between the ZXSS10 SS1b and the
existing IP telephony network.
� The MAP/MAP+ protocol are used between the ZXSS SS1b and
the smart home location register (SHLR).
� The existing intelligent network application (INAP) can be used
to enable the ZXSS10 SS1b to be interoperable with the exist-
ing intelligent network.
� It supports standard protocols such as V5.2, V5UA, IUA, ISDN
DSS1, ISUP, TUP, M3UA, and SCTP to support signaling trans-
mission and adaptation, as well as all types of user access in-
terfaces on the existing communication networks.
� For the H.248 protocol, ZXSS10 SS1b supports text coding.
� The supported No.7 signaling protocols include TUP, ISUP,
MAP, CAP, and INAP.
Call Authentication
The black/white list provided by the ZXSS10 SS1b can be used to
prohibit or allow certain calling parties or incoming calls from a
certain incoming trunk to go to certain destination codes based on
the calling number or incoming trunk identifier.
ZXSS10 SS1b defines the black/white list of calling numbers in
the outgoing/incoming trunk group and judge whether calls from
a caller in the black/white list can be connected through the trunk
group. A calling number can be a toll area code and part or all of
a user number.
ZXSS10 SS1b defines the black/white list of called numbers in the
outgoing/incoming trunk group and judge whether calls from a
called party in the black/white list can be connected through the
trunk group. A called number can be a service code, prefix of the
toll call, and part or all of a user number.
ZXSS10 SS1b can set the black/white list of calling/called numbers
globally.
ZXSS10 SS1b can intercept calls that have insufficient calling num-
ber digits, no digits or excessive digits according to different call
sources.
ZXSS10 SS1b authenticates the forwarded calls based on the
“original called number”.
ZXSS10 SS1b supports 500 million users on the black and white
lists simultaneously (external authentication server is required).
Up to 0.5 million numbers can be authenticated.
Table 16lists the call types that support the call authentication.
Charging Performance
The primary charging performance specifications are as follows:
� Charging error rate: < 10-4
� Charging accuracy: 100 ms
� Accuracy rate: ≥99.96 %
� Bill processing capability: ≥10,000,000 CDRs /month
� Charging data storage capability: ≥10,000,000 CDRs (in case
of charging database ≥ 15G and file storage space ≥ 6G)
� Charging data buffer capability ≥ 1,000,000 CDRs
Time Monitoring
Specifications of time monitoring and loading capability are as fol-
lows:
� Time supervision for no dialing after hook-off: 10 seconds
� Time limit for no dialing in digit interval: 20 seconds (ad-
justable)
� Time limit for long time no reply of local calls: 60 seconds
(adjustable)
� Time limit for long time no reply of toll calls: 90 seconds (ad-
justable)
� Time limit for long time no reply of international toll calls: 120
seconds (adjustable)
� Time limit for howler tone: 40 seconds (adjustable)
� Time limit for busy tone: 15 seconds (adjustable)
Physical Specifications
� Dimensions
Cabinet dimensions: 600mm × 800 mm × 2,000 mm (W × D
× H)
� Weight
Empty cabinet: 350 kg
Environmental
Requirements
Table of Contents
Power Supply and Power Consumption ............................... 105
Grounding Requirements .................................................. 106
Antistatic Requirements.................................................... 107
Anti-Electromagnetic Interference...................................... 108
Dust-proof Requirements.................................................. 108
Temperature and Humidity Requirements............................ 108
Noise ............................................................................. 109
Lighting ......................................................................... 109
Atmospheric Pressure....................................................... 109
Air Pollution .................................................................... 109
SSC 24
SPC 22
NIC 22
SSN 18
TIC 1
SSNI 1
CSN 20
CSNI 2
GNIC 18
SPOWB 55
SPWBP 15
SPWBF 55
Power unit 30
Alarm box 20
Grounding Requirements
The grounding in the equipment room should meet the following
requirements:
1. Grounding modes
The grounding mode of the telecommunication office where
the SoftSwitch control equipment is located should comply with
the joint grounding principle, that is, the working ground, pro-
tection ground, and building lightning protection ground of all
communication equipment share one group of grounding con-
ductors, as shown in Figure 29.
Antistatic Requirements
� Generally, anti-static movable floor is required in the equip-
ment room where the SoftSwitch control equipment is
installed. The height of the movable floor should be between
300 and 330 mm. The resistance value of the unit raised
floor system should be in accordance with the Technical
Requirements for Raised Floor in Computer Rooms.
� If no movable floor is available, the conductive floor should be
used instead (resistance: 1.0x107 to 1.0x1010 ohm).
� The conductive or raised floor must be grounded and can be
connected to the grounding device with a current-limiting re-
sistor and a connection cable. The resistance of the current-
limiting resistor shall be 1 M ohm.
Anti-Electromagnetic
Interference
� The electric field intensity shall not be greater than 300mV/m.
� Magnetic intensity shall not be greater than 11 GS.
Dust-proof Requirements
� Dust with diameter over 5 mm shall be less than or equal to
3×104 granules/m3.
� The dust particles shall be non-conductive, non-magnetic and
non-corrosive.
Long-Term Short-
Working Term Short-
Condition Working Long-Term Term
(Note 1) Condition Working Working
(Note 2) Condition Condition
Noise
Indoor noise shall not be greater than 70 dB.
Lighting
� Direct sunlight should be avoided to prevent aging and distor-
tion of such components as circuit boards caused by long-time
exposure.
� Average luminance should be 150lx to 200lx with no glare.
� Emergency lighting is available.
Atmospheric Pressure
1. Operating: 1.08 × 105 Pa to 5.1 × 104 Pa
2. Storage: 1.08 × 105 Pa to 1.2 × 104 Pa
Air Pollution
� The equipment shall not be exposed to corrosive air, such as
sulfur dioxide and oxide containing ammonia.
� The equipment shall not be exposed to smoke such as oil flux
and soot.
AAA
- Authentication, Authorization, Accounting
-
Ack
- Acknowledgement
-
ACL
- Access Control List
-
AG
- Access Gateway
-
API
- Application Program Interface
-
ARP
- Address Resolution Protocol
- IP
AS
- Application Server
-
ASP
- Application Server Process
-
ATM
- Asynchronous Transfer Mode
-
BHCA
- Busy Hour Call Attempts
-
BICC
- Bearer Independent Call Control
-
CAP
- CAMEL Application Part
- CAMEL
CDR
- Call Detail Record
-
CIC
- Circuit Identification Code
-
CLI
- Command Line Interface
-
COMM
- Communication board
-
CPU
- Central Process Unit
-
CSN
- Center Switch Network (Card)
-
CSNI
- Center Switch Network Interface (Card)
-
DC
- Direct Current
-
DN
- Directory Number
-
- Distinguished Name
-
DPC
- Destination Point Code
-
DS
- DiffServ
-
DSS1
- Digital Subscriber Signaling No.1
- 1
DTMF
- Dual Tone Multi-Frequency
-
EMS
- Enterprise Management System
-
FDM
- Frequency Division Multiplexing
-
FTP
- File Transfer Protocol
-
GBIC
- Giga Bitrate Interface Converter
-
- Gigabit Interface Converter
-
GK
- Gatekeeper
-
GNIC
- Gigabit Ethernet Network Interface Card
-
GRE
- General Routing Encapsulation
-
GUI
- Graphic User Interface
-
GW
- Gateway
-
H.248
- ITU-T Rec. H.248 Gateway Control Protocol
- ITU-T H.248
H.323
- ITU-T Rec. Packet-based Multimedia Communications Systems
- ITU-T
HLR
- Home Location Register
-
HSTP
- High Signal Transfer Point
-
HTTP
- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
-
IAD
- Integrated Access Device
-
IAM
- IP Access Module
- IP
ICMP
- Internet Control Message Protocol
-
IETF
- Internet Engineering Task Force
-
IN
- Intelligent Network
-
INAP
- IntelligentNetworkApplicationPart
-
IP
- Internet Protocol
- Ineternet
IPDC
- Internet Protocol Device Control
-
IPv6
- IP version 6
- IP6
IS-IS
- Intermediate System-Intermediate System
-
ISDN
- IntegratedServiceDigitalNetwork
-
ISUP
- ISDN User Part
- ISDN
ITU-T
- InternationalTelecomUnion-Telecommunicationstandardization
-
IUA
- ISDN User Adaptation Layer
- ISDN Q.921
LDAP
- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
-
LRN
- Location Routing Number
-
LS
- Local Switch
-
LSTP
- Low Signal Transfer Point
-
M3UA
- MTP3-User Adaptation layer protocol
- MTP
- Message Transfer Part 3 User adaptation layer
- 3
MAP
- Mobile Application Part
-
MCU
- Multipoint Control Unit
-
MEGACO
- Media Gateway Control
-
MFC
- Multi-Frequency Control
-
- Multiple Frequency Compelling signal
-
MG
- Media Gateway
-
MGC
- Media Gateway Controller
-
MGCP
- Media Gateway Control Protocol
-
MP
- Module Processor
-
MPLS
- Multi Protocol Label Switching
-
MPPP
- Main Processor to Peripheral Processor
-
MSG
- Media Service Gateway
-
NAS
- Network Access Server
-
NAT
- Network Address Translation
-
NCS
- Network-Based Call Signaling Protocol
-
NGN
- Next Generation Network
-
NIC
- Network Interface Card
-
NTP
- Network Time Protocol
-
OMAP
- Operation Maintenance and Administration Part
-
OPC
- Originating point code
-
OPR
- Operator
-
OSA
- Open Service Access
-
OSPF
- Open Shortest Path First
-
PBX
- Private Branch Exchange
-
PHS
- Personal Handy-Phone System
-
PLMN
- Public Land Mobile Network
-
PPP
- Point-To-Point protocol
-
PRA
- Primary Rate Access
-
PRI
- Primary Rate Interface
-
PSTN
- Public Switch Telephone Network
-
RADIUS
- Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
-
RIP
- Routing Information Protocol
-
RIPng
- Routing Information Protocol Next Generation for the IPv6
- IPV6
RMON
- Remote Monitoring
-
RSVP
- Resource Reservation Protocol
-
SC
- System Control Card
-
SCCP
- Signalling Connection Control Part
-
SCN
- Switched Circuit Network
-
- Signaling Communication Network
-
SCP
- Service Control Point
-
SCTP
- Stream Control Transmission Protocol
-
SDP
- Session Description Protocol
-
SFP
- Small Form-factor Pluggable
-
SG
- Signal Gateway
-
SGCP
- Simple Gateway Control Protocol
-
SIGTRAN
- Signaling Transport
-
SIP
- Session Initiated Protocol
-
SIP-I
- SIP with encapsulated ISUP
- ISUP SIP
SIP-T
- SIP for Telephones
- SIP
SMTP
- Simple Mail Transmission Protocol
-
SNMP
- Simple Network Management Protocol
-
SoftDA
- Soft Digital Assistant
-
SOHO
- Small Office Home Office
-
SP
- Signal Point
-
SPC
- System Protocol Control (Card)
-
SPOWB
- SoftSwitch Power Box
-
SPWBF
- SoftSwitch Power Box of Fan
-
SPWBP
- SoftSwitch Power Box of Part
-
SS
- SoftSwitch
-
SS7
- Signalling System No.7
-
SSC
- SoftSwtich System Control (Card)
-
SSN
- System Switching Network (Card)
-
SSNI
- System Switching Network Interface (Card)
-
SSP
- Service Switch Point
-
STP
- Signaling Transfer Point
-
TCAP
- Transaction Capabilities Application Part
-
TCP
- Transmission Control Protocol
-
TCP/IP
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
-
TDM
- Time Division Multiplexing
-
TE
- Terminal Equipment
-
TFTP
- Trivial File Transfer Protocol
-
TG
- Trunk Gateway
-
TIC
- Transport Interface Card
-
TIFF
- Tagged Image File Format
-
TTS
- Text To Speech
-
TUP
- TelephoneUserPart
-
UA
- User Agent
-
UAC
- User Agent Client
-
UAS
- User Agent Server
-
UDP
- User Datagram Protocol
-
UMS
- Unified Messaging Service
-
URL
- Uniform Resource Locator
-
URPF
- Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding
-
VIC
- Very Important Customer
-
VOIP
- Voice Over IP
- IP
VPLS
- Virtual Private LAN Service
- LAN
VPN
- Virtual Private Network
-
VPWS
- Virtual Private Wire Services
-
WAN
- WideAreaNetwork
-
WAP
- Wireless Application Protocol
-
WWW
- World Wide Web
-