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Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
WORK BOOK INDEX & SCHEDULE
MODULE (M) | LECTURE (L) | TUTORIAL (T) | PRACTICE (P)
LX* THEORY LECTURE IN PPT MODE
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06-VIII-2010 | FRIDAY | DAY-2
M3 Structural FE Analysis
L1* Overview of FE Analysis
T1 Truss Analysis
T2 2-D-Cantilever Beam
T3 Plate with a Circular Hole
T4 Internally Pressurized Cylinder
P1 3-D-Cantilever Beam
P2 Cantilever beam with two welded materials
9.30 AM to 1.00 PM
P3 Uniformly loaded two welded materials
P4 Effect of Self Weight on a Cantilever Beam
L2* Non-Linear Analysis
T5 Define Bi-Linear kinematic hardening
T6 Define Multi-Linear isotropic hardening
P5 Cantilever beam loaded beyond yield limit
P6 Column (Multi-Linear Plasticity)
LUNCH BREAK
M4 Thermal & Vibration FE Analysis
L1* Steady and Transient Thermal Analysis
T1 Conduction across block
T2 Conduction, convection and Insulation cross block
T3 Transient heat conduction across block
P1 Heat loss from a composite pipe
P2 1-D heat conduction across a composite wall
L2* Modal & Harmonic Analysis 2.00 PM to 5.30 PM
T4 Cantilever beam
T5 Simply supported beam
P3 AeroPlane wing
T6 Harmonic Analysis of Cantilever Beam
T7 Harmonic Analysis of Simply supported Beam
T8 Classical Euler buckling analysis
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07-VIII-2010 | SATURDAY |DAY-3
M5 Assembly Modeling & Design Simulation
L1* Geometric Transformations 9.30 AM to 1.00 PM
L3 Assembly Mode
T1 Import, Constraints in Assembly & Exploded View
T2 Nut & Bolt Assembly
T3 Assembly of C Clamp
T4 Assembly of knuckle Joint
P1 Modeling and assembly of screw jack
LUNCH BREAK
M6 Design & Manufacturing Simulation
L1* Product Data Exchange
L2 Design Simulation
T1 Motion Analysis, Velocity Vs time plot,
T2 Simulating a Four Bar Mechanism
T3 Simulating a Disc and plunger Mechanism
P1 Design simulation of Single cylinder engine
P2 Design simulation of Four Cylinder engine 2.00 PM to 5.30 PM
L3 Surface Modeling
T4* Features: Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, Blend, Helical sweep
T5* Surface editing, merging, Trimming
P3 Surface Modeling of a Chair
L4 Manufacturing
T6 NC CAD Profile Milling
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M1 | Fundamentals of Computer Aided Design
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INTRODUCTION M1-L4
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Pro/ENGINEER is a powerful program used to create complex designs with a great
precision. The design intent of any 3D model or an assembly is defined by its specification and
its use.
To start Pro/E on a Windows machine, there may be an icon on your desktop or you
may have to look in the Start menu at the bottom left of the screen on the Windows taskbar.
The program takes a while to load, so be patient. The start-up is complete when your screen
looks like the following figure, which is a default Pro/E screen.
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Generally a design process consists of the following steps:
• Sketching using the basic sketch entities.
• Converting the sketch into features and parts.
• Assembling different parts and analyzing them.
• Documentation of the parts and assembly in the terms of drawing views.
• Manufacturing the final part and assembly.
All these steps are divided into different modes of Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 2.0, namely, the
Sketch mode, Part mode, Assembly mode, Drawing mode and Manufacturing mode.
Entity
An element of section geometry is called an entity. The entity can be an arc, line, circle, point,
conic coordinate system, and so on. When one entity is divided at a point then the total
number of entities is said to be two.
Dimension
It is the measurement of one or more entities.
Constraint
Constraints are logical operations that are performed on the selected geometry to make it
more accurate in defining its position and size with respect to the other geometry.
Parameter
It is defined as a numeric value or any definition that defines a feature. For example, all
dimensions in a sketch are parameters. The parameters can be modified at any time.
Relation
A relation is an equation that relates two entities.
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Weak Dimensions and Weak Constraints
Weak dimensions and weak constraints are temporary dimensions or constraints that appear
in gray color. These are automatically applied to the sketch. They are removed from the
sketch without any confirmation from the user. These should be changed to strong
dimensions or constraints if they seem to be useful for the sketch.
WORKING DIRECTORY
A working directory is a directory on the system where we can save the work done in the
current session. We can set any directory on our system as the working directory.
In ProE, the file menu options play a more crucial role while starting the modeling. This is
important when creating an assembly model, as it is important to see that all the parts should
be in the same directory. It would be easy to create a separate directory for all different
assemblies that are being modeled.
Working directory can be setup at the start of the ProE from the start up page in the File
menu as shown below in the figure.
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THE SKETCH MODE M1-L5
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In Pro/ENGINEER, a sketch can be drawn in the Sketch mode or in the sketcher environment.
A designer can draw a 2D sketch of the product and assign the required dimensions and
constraints to it. By assigning the dimensions, the designer can make sure that the 2D sketch
of the product or model is satisfying the necessary conditions. He can then continue to create
the 3D model of the product in the Part mode.
M1-T1
2.0 INVOKING THE SKETCH MODE
To invoke the Sketch mode, choose New from the File menu or create a new button from the
File toolbar. Select Sketch radio button. A default name of the sketch file appears in the
Name edit box. We can change the sketch name as required and then choose OK button to
enter the sketch.
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2.1 SKETCHING ENTITIES
Pro/Engineer’s sketcher environment provides a variety of options for sketching two-
dimensional entities.
SKETCH
TOOL
BAR
Lines
Lines
are created
with the
Sketch
>> Line
option.
Two entities
are
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• 2 Point: The two point’s option of line construction is used to create a line from picked
endpoints.
* Note: In Drawing Mode, dimensions will be automatically displayed in grey color.
• 2 Tangent: The 2 tangent option of line construction is used to create a line tangent of
two arcs, circles, or splines.
The symbol ‘T‘in the above picture shows that the line is tangent to the circle.
Arcs
Arcs are created with the Sketch >> Arc option.
• Tangent end: The tangent end option creates an arc that is tangent to the endpoint of
a selected entity. Select the end points in a counterclockwise direction.
• Concentric: The Concentric option creates an arc concentric to an existing arc or circle.
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• 3 Tangent: The 3 tangent options are used to create an arc tangent to three selected
entities.
• Fillet: The fillet option is used to create a fillet between two selected entities. The first
selection point defines the initial radius of the fillet.
*Note: Elliptical fillet command also available in which fillet will be in elliptical shape.
Corners need not be trimmed after using the Fillet Command.
Circles
Circles are created with the Sketch >> Circle option. Two entity types are available: Geometry
and Construction. The methods of creating a circle are:
• Center/point: The Center/point option is used to create a circle by first selecting the
circle’s center point, then selecting a second point on the perimeter of the circle.
• Concentric: The Concentric option is used to construct a circle with a center point
common to a second circle.
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• 3 Tangent: The 3 tangent options are used to create a circle tangent to three selected
entities.
Rectangle
A rectangle can be created from the Sketcher toolbar. Pick the lower left and upper right
corner of the rectangle.
Splines
A spline is a variable radius curve that passes through multiple control points.
A Spline can be created from the Sketcher toolbar.
Text
Text can be used in extruded protrusion, cut, and cosmetic feature sections.
Sketched text can be created the Sketcher toolbar.
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M1-T2
2.2 WORKING WITH CONSTRAINTS
The entities in a sketch have to be fully specified in terms of size, shape, orientation, and
location. This is achieved by setting constraints. Using constraints in the sketch reduces the
number of dimensions in that sketch.
Constraints are the logical operations that are performed on the selected geometry to make it
more accurate in defining its position with respect to the other geometry. For example, if a
line is nearly parallel to another line, Pro/ENGINEER snaps the parallel line and displays the
parallel constraint symbol. We can also apply constraints manually.
There are two types of constraints in Pro/ENGINEER, Geometry constraints and Assembly
constraints. Here Geometry constraints are discussed.
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Make a line or two vertices vertical
This constraint forces the selected line segment to become a vertical line. This
constraint also forces the two vertices to be placed along a vertical line.
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Create Equal Lengths, Equal Radii, or Same Curvature Constraint
This constraint forces any two selected entities to become equal in dimension. When
we select this constraint, it prompts to select two lines to make their lengths equal, or
it prompts to select two arcs, circles, or ellipses to make their radii equal.
Select a weak dimension or a weak constraint from the graphics window. The selected
dimension or constraint is highlighted in red. Press and hold right mouse button to invoke the
shortcut menu. Choose Strong option from the shortcut menu.
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EXAMPLE:
Sketch: 1
Draw the sketch for the model shown in figure 1.1.1. The sketch is shown in Figure 1.1.2.
Sol: -
Drawing the lines of the sketch
Draw the lines A, B, C, D, and E. After drawing the lines the sketch will appear as shown in
figure 1.1.3 with weak dimensions.
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Drawing the Arc
1. Choose the Create an arc 3 points or tangent to an entity at its end point button from
the Sketcher Tools toolbar.
2. Draw the arc by selecting start and end point of the arc. The figure 1.1.4 shows the
sketch with arc. In the figure, the letter T indicates the tangent constraint. It may show
tangent constraint at the start and end points. If it shows the tangent constraint only
at one point we need to impose the tangent constraint later.
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Dimensioning the Sketch
1. Choose the Create defining dimension button from the Sketcher Tools toolbar.
2. Place all the dimensions as shown if figure 1.1.5. The sketch is complete and appears
similar to that shown below.
Figure 1.1.5 Sketch with all entities, weak dimensions, and weak constraints
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Figure 1.1.6 The complete sketch with dimensions and constraints
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Solid Bearing M1-P1
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M2 | Geometric Modeling
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PART MODE M2-L3
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ENTERING THE PART MODE
To enter the Part mode, select New from the File menu or choose the Create a new object
button from the File toolbar. The New dialog box is displayed with the different modes
available.
The Part radio button in the Type area and the Solid radio button in the Sub-type area is
Selected by default in the New dialog box. The default name of the part file also appears in
the Name edit box. You can change the part name as desired and then choose the OK button
to enter the Part mode. When you choose the OK button, the new part file is opened and you
enter the Part mode.
Figure
shows
you
the
initial
screen appearance on entering the Part mode with the Model Tree, the three default datum
planes, and the default options available in the Menu Manager.
M2-T1
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Basic Features can be invoked from Base
features tool bar or from INSERT in MENU
BAR.
Revolve: The Revolve Command, revolves/rotates the sketched cross section through the
specified angle about a centerline. By revolving a sketch, you can add or remove material. If
the Revolve feature is a base feature, then the section drawn should be a closed section, to
revolve the section as a solid. The section sketch of a revoked feature will not be completed
until you have drawn a centerline. The section drawn should be on one side of the centerline.
If there is more than one centerline, the section considers the first drawn centerline as its axis
for rotation.
To create Revolve: Click the Revolve tool icon or choose from Insert > Revolve.
Sweep: The Sweep option extrudes a section along a defined path. For creating a sweep, you
have to define or create a section and path. The path can be an open or a closed one. The
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Sweep option can be used for adding/removing material. The types of sweep possible are
Constant Section Sweep, Helical Sweep, and Variable Section Sweep.
Constant Section Sweep: Constant Section Sweep is the basic type of sweep where the cross-
section of the swept feature remains constant throughout the sweep.
Helical Sweep: The Helical Sweep command extrudes a section along a helical trajectory. For
this command you have to define a trajectory that will specify the shape and height of the
helix, a pitch value and the cross section of the helical feature. This command is mainly used
to create to create helical springs and threads.
Blend: The Blend command creates a feature, by joining two or more planar sections at their
edges, to form a continuous feature. The number of entities in each section should be the
same. The three types of Blends are Parallel Blend, Rotational Blend and General Blend.
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M2-T2
Datum: Datums are imaginary features. They act as reference for sketching a feature,
assembling components, and other tasks. Most of the designs contain more than one feature.
As all the features cannot be created on a single plane, we need to create or select additional
planes to draw the remaining features.
Draft: Rotating the selected surface at a certain angle creates Drafts. You can specify an angle
value between -30˚ and 30˚ for drafts. Drafts are mainly used in constructing moulds and
castings. You can draft only those planes, which are formed by tabulated cylinders, and
planes.
Hole: The types of holes possible in ProE are counter bore, countersunk, tapered or drill type.
Rib: A Rib feature is a thin fin or web protrusion that attaches solid surfaces in your design.
Typically, ribs are designed to strengthen parts in your design, and are often used to prevent
unwanted bending.
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Shell: The Shell feature creates a hollow surface inside the solid leaving the solid like a shell
with specified wall thickness. Additionally, it allows you to specify the thickness of the
surfaces that you want to remove from the shell.
Rounds: A Round is used to create fillet between surfaces. It is a type of edge treatment
feature, in which, a radius is added to an edge or edges and an edge chain between surfaces.
To create Rounds, you have to define one or more round sets. A set is an organizational unit,
containing one or more round pieces. Transitions are fillet geometry that connects round
pieces. Transitions are located where round pieces intersect or terminate. ProE uses default
transitions during the initial round creation and provides many transition types, allowing you
to create and modify transitions.
Chamfer: Chamfers are used to level the selected edges and corners, with the help of some
selected parameters.
Pattern: Patterns are one or two dimensional, incremental array of features, created from a
single feature called the parent or the leader. When you pattern a feature, you need to
specify the total number of features to be created, including the one being patterned. The
increment in dimensions, if required, also needs to be specified. Creating a Pattern is an
easier way to reproduce a feature. The entire instance in the pattern is related parametrically.
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Therefore, any change in the original feature, automatically updates the pattern definition. It
may be easier or more effective to perform operations once on the multiple features
contained in a pattern rather than on the individual features.
Cosmetic Features: Cosmetic Features are reference geometry used to represent the physical
geometry of the part. Cosmetic Features are mainly used to minimize the model size and to
reduce the regeneration time. Cosmetic Features cannot change the model volume. Threads,
Grooves and company logos are examples of cosmetic features.
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3D Nut and Bolt M2-T4
a. Sketch a hexagon with 22 units as side length and extrude it to 15 units.
b. Draw a circle Ф 22 units at the centre of the hexagon taking references and
extrude it to 130 units.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solid Bearing M2-T5
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The Solid Bearing is made by extruding the given section. Another Extrude Command is
used to create the 2 holes. Revolve Command can be used to create the Oil Hole.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M2-T6
Drawing Board clip
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a. Start Pro/E Wildfire.
b. Select File > New and name the new part Example_sweep.
c. Select Insert > Sweep > Protrusion from the menu bar.
d. Select Sketch Traj from the Menu Manager. This will allow you to sketch the
trajectory of the sweep.
e. Select the plane labeled FRONT, and select Okay from the DIRECTION menu in the
Menu Manager.
f. Select Default from SKET VIEW. Pro/E will switch to Sketcher Mode.
g. Select Sketch > Intent Manager from the menu bar.
h. Draw the path shown in Figure 3.1 as follows:
Select Line from the GEOMETRY menu.
Click points A and B with the left mouse button, and click the middle mouse
button.
Click points C and D with the left mouse button, and click the middle mouse
button.
Select Arc from the GEOMETRY menu.
Select Center/Ends from the ARC TYPE menu.
Click points E, B, and D with the left mouse button.
[Figure 3.1]
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i. Dimension the path as shown in Figure 3.2. Modify the dimensions if necessary.
[Figure 3.2]
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[Figure
3.3]
[Figure 3.4]
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p. Rotate the part to view it from all angles. You should see the image shown in Figure
3.5.
[Figure 3.5]
1. Vase M2-T7
a. Select File > New and name the new part Example_blend.
b. Select Insert > Blend > Protrusion from the menu bar.
c. Select Done from the Menu Manager pop-up.
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d. Select Smooth and then Done from the Attributes menu.
e. Select the plane labeled FRONT, and select Okay from the DIRECTION menu in the
Menu Manager.
f. Select Default from SKET VIEW. Pro/E will switch to Sketcher Mode.
g. Select Sketch > Intent Manager from the menu bar.
h. Select Circle from the GEOMETRY menu.
i. Draw a circle and dimension it as shown in Figure 3.6. This will define the cross-
section of the beginning of the blend.
[Figure 3.6]
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[Figure 3.7]
n. Repeat steps 10 - 13 twice to add two more circular cross-sections. Dimension the
first one to have a diameter of 30 and the second to have a diameter of 50. You
should see the image shown in Figure 3.8.
[Figure 3.8]
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o. Select Done from the SKETCHER menu.
p. Enter 75 as the depth for section 2 in the textbox at the bottom of the screen, and
click the check button.
q. Enter 75 as the depth for section 3, and click the check button.
r. Enter 25 as the depth for section 4, and click the check button.
s. Select the OK button from the PROTRUSION: Blend menu.
t. Rotate vase to view it from all angles. You should see the image shown in Figure 3.9.
[Figure 3.9]
u. Select the Shell Tool icon from the tool bar at the right of the screen.
v. Enter 5 into the Thickness textbox at the shell tool bar on the dashboard.
w. Select References from the shell tool menu bar on the dashboard.
x. Select the top surface of the vase, as shown in Figure 3.10.
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[Figure 3.10]
y. Click the check button. You should see the shelled vase shown below.
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1. KNUCKLE JOINT M2-P1
a. End Eye: The eye is made by using several Extrude Commands. A Round and
Pattern is also used.
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b. Knuckle: The Knuckle is made by using Extrude and Round Commands.
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M3 | STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
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M3-T1
! TRUSS ANALYSIS
/PREP7 ! PREPROCESSOR PHASE
!DEFINE PARAMETERS (MM)
HEIGHT = 3118
WIDTH = 3600
!DEFINE KEYPOINTS
K,1, 0, 0 ! KEYPOINT, #, X, Y
K,2, WIDTH/2,HEIGHT
K,3, WIDTH, 0
K,4, 3*WIDTH/2, HEIGHT
K,5, 2*WIDTH, 0
K,6, 5*WIDTH/2, HEIGHT
K,7, 3*WIDTH, 0
!DEFINE LINES
L,1,2 ! LINE CONNECTING KPOINT 1 AND 2
L,1,3
L,2,3
L,2,4
L,3,4
L,3,5
L,4,5
L,4,6
L,5,6
L,5,7
L,6,7
!ELEMENT DEFINITION
ET,1,LINK1 ! ELEMENT TYPE #1; SPRING ELEMENT
R,1,3250 ! REAL CONSTANT #1; XSECT AREA: 3200 MM^2
MP,EX,1,200E3 ! MATERIAL PROPERTY #1; YOUNG'S MODULUS: 200 GPA
LESIZE,ALL, , ,1,1,1 ! SPECIFY DIVISIONS ON UNMESHED LINES
![LESIZE,NL1,SIZE,ANGSIZ,NDIV,SPACE,KFORC,LAYER1,LAYER2,KYNDIV]
LMESH,ALL ! MESH ALL LINES
FINISH ! FINISH PRE-PROCESSOR
/SOLU ! ENTER SOLUTION PHASE
!APPLY SOME CONSTRAINTS
DK,1,ALL,0 ! DEFINE A DOF CONSTRAINT AT A KEYPOINT
DK,7,UY,0
!APPLY LOADS
FK,1,FY,-280E3 ! DEFINE A FORCE LOAD TO A KEYPOINT
FK,3,FY,-210E3
FK,5,FY,-280E3
FK,7,FY,-360E3
SOLVE
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M3-T2
! 2-D-CANTILEVER BEAM
!80X20 MM CANTI LEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO 100 N LOAD
!THEROTICAL SOLUTION: MAX TENSILE STRESS(X) = 120 N/MM>2
!THEROTICAL SOLUTION: MAX DEFLECTION IN Y DIRECTION (DELTA(Y)) = 0.128 MM
/JOBNAM,BEAM
/TITLE,2-D STRESS ANALYSIS
/PREP7
!STEP1! DEFINE ELEMENT!
ET,1,82,,,3 !ACTIVATE THICKNESS OPTION BY GIVING KOPT(3)=3
R,1,1 !DEFINE THICKNESS AS 1 (YOU CAN CHANGE AND CHECK RESULTS)
!DEFINE MATERIAL PROPS!
MP,EX,1,2E5
MP,NUXY,0.33
!DEFINE SOLID MODELLING
RECTG,,80,,20
APLOT
DEFINE MESH SIZE
KESIZE,1,2
KESIZE,2,5
KESIZE,3,5
KESIZE,4,2
!MESH THE AREA
AMESH,1
EPLOT
FINI
SAVE
!ENTER SOLUTION PHASE
/SOLU
!DEFINE SUPPORT
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0
D,ALL,ALL,0
NSEL,ALL
!DEFINE LOAD
FK,3,FY,-100
SOLVE
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M3-T3
! PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE
/PREP7
!STEP1! DEFINE ELEMENT!
ET,1,82,,,3
R,1,10
!DEFINE MATERIAL PROPS!
MP,EX,1,2E5
MP,NUXY,0.33
!DEFINE SOLID MODELLING
RECTG,,4,,2
APLOT
PCIRC,,0.5
APLOT
ASBA,1,2
APLOT
!DEFINE MESH SIZE
KESIZE,2,0.3
KESIZE,3,0.3
KESIZE,4,0.3
KESIZE,5,0.05
KESIZE,6,0.05
!MESH THE AREA
AMESH,3
EPLOT
FINI
SAVE
!ENTER SOLUTION PHASE
/SOLU
!DEFINE SUPPORT
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0
D,ALL,UX,0
NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0
D,ALL,UY,0
NSEL,ALL
!DEFINE LOAD
NSEL,S,LOC,X,4
F,ALL,FX,50
NSEL,ALL
SOLVE
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M3-T4
! INTERNALLY PRESSURIZED CYLINDERS
/PREP7
PCIRC,5,7,0,90 !CREATING A ANNULAR QUARTER CIRCLE
ET,1,PLANE82
ESIZE,0.1
AMESH, ALL
MP,EX,1,200E5 ! YOUNG'S MODULUS
MP,PRXY,1,0.3 ! POISSON'S RATIO
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,0 ! STATIC ANALYSIS
DL,2,,UX,0
DL,4,,UY,0
SFL,3,PRES,10
SOLVE
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M3-P1
! 3-D-CANTILEVER BEAM
! 10X3X2 CANTI LEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO 6500 N LOAD
!THEROTICAL SOLUTION: MAX TENSILE STRESS(X) = 120 N/MM>2
!THEROTICAL SOLUTION: MAX DEFLECTION IN Y DIRECTION (DELTA(Y)) = 6.77
/PREP7
!STEP1! DEFINE ELEMENT!
ET,1,95
!DEFINE MATERIAL PROPS!
MP,EX,1,2E5
MP,NUXY,0.33
!DEFINE SOLID MODELLING
BLOCK,,10,,2,,3
VPLOT
!DEFINE MESH SIZE
KESIZE,1,0.5
KESIZE,2,0.5
KESIZE,5,0.5
KESIZE,8,0.5
KESIZE,3,2
KESIZE,4,2
KESIZE,6,2
KESIZE,7,2
!MESH THE AREA
VMESH,1
!EPLOT
FINI
SAVE
!ENTER SOLUTION PHASE
/SOLU
!DEFINE SUPPORT
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0
D,ALL,ALL,0
NSEL,ALL
!DEFINE LOAD
NSEL,S,LOC,X,10
NSEL,R,LOC,Y,2
F,ALL,FY,-500
NSEL,ALL
SOLVE
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M3-P2
! CANTILEVER BEAM WITH TWO WELDED MATERIALS
/PREP7
ET,1,82
RECTG,,2,,2
APLOT
LOCAL,11,0,2,0
WPCSYS,1
RECTG,,2,,2
CSYS,0
APLOT
AGLUE,ALL
!MATERIAL DATA
MP,EX,1,30E3
MP,EX,2,380E3
!ASSIGNING THE MATERIAL TO THE AREA
ASEL,S,,,1
AATT,1
ASEL,S,,,3
AATT,2
ASEL,ALL
KESIZE,ALL,0.3
AMESH,1
EPLOT
AMESH,3
EPLOT
/SOLU
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0
D,ALL,ALL,0
NSEL,ALL
!NSEL,S,LOC,X,4
FK,7,FY,-10000
!NSEL,ALL
ALLS
SOLVE
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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M3-P3
! UNIFORMLY LOADED TWO WELD MATERIALS
/PREP7
ET,1,82
RECTG,,2,,2
APLOT
LOCAL,11,0,2,0
WPCSYS,1
RECTG,,2,,2
CSYS,0
APLOT
AGLUE,ALL
APLOT
!MATERIAL DATA
MP,EX,1,30E3
MP,EX,2,30E3
!ASSIGNING THE MATERIAL TO THE AREA
ASEL,S,,,1
AATT,1
ASEL,S,,,3
AATT,2
ASEL,ALL
KESIZE,ALL,0.3
AMESH,1
EPLOT
AMESH,3
EPLOT
/SOLU
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,2
D,ALL,ALL,0
NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0
F,ALL,FY,-100
NSEL,ALL
ALLS
SOLVE
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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M3-P4
! EFFECT OF SELF WEIGHT ON A CANTILEVER BEAM
/TITLE, EFFECTS OF SELF WEIGHT
/PREP7
LENGTH = 1000
WIDTH = 50
HEIGHT = 10
K,1,0,0 ! CREATE KEYPOINTS
K,2,LENGTH,0
L,1,2
ET,1,BEAM3 ! SET ELEMENT TYPE
R,1,WIDTH*HEIGHT,WIDTH*(HEIGHT**3)/12,HEIGHT !** = EXPONENT
MP,EX,1,200000 ! YOUNG'S MODULUS
MP,PRXY,1,0.3 ! POISSON'S RATIO
MP,DENS,1,7.86E-6 ! DENSITY
LESIZE,ALL,LENGTH/10, ! SIZE OF LINE ELEMENTS
LMESH,1 ! MESH LINE 1
FINISH
/SOLU ! ENTER SOLUTION MODE
ANTYPE,0 ! STATIC ANALYSIS
DK,1,ALL,0, ! CONSTRAIN KEYPOINT 1
ACEL,,9.8 ! SET GRAVITY CONSTANT
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1
PLDISP,2 ! DISPLAY DEFORMED SHAPE
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS
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M3-T5
! MATERIAL OPTION: BILNEAR KINEMATIC HARDENING (MATERIAL NON-LINEARITY)
/PREP7
MP,EX,1,12E6 !YOUNG'S MODULUS
TB,BKIN,1,1 !ACTIVATES A DATA TABLE FOR NONLINEAR (BKIN) MATERIAL
PROPERTIES
TBDATA,1,44E3,1.2E6 !DEFINES DATA FOR THE DATA TABLE (MAT-1, YIELD ST, TGT MODULUS
TBLIST,BKIN,1 !LIST THE DATA TABLE
/XRANGE,0,0.01 !X-AXIS INTERVAL
TBPLOT,BKIN,1 !PLOT THE DATA TABLE
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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M3-T6
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M3-P5
! NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM
!/FILNAM,BEAM
/PREP7
!ELEMENT SELECTION
ET,1,82 !PLANE82
!MATERIAL OPTION: BILNEAR KINEMATIC HARDENING (MATERIAL NON-LINEARITY)
MP,EX,1,12E6,
TB,BKIN,1
TBDATA,1,44E3,1.2E6
TBLIST,BKIN,1
/XRANGE,0,0.01
TBPLOT,BKIN,1
!MATERIAL PROPERTIES (NON LINEAR ANALYSIS)
!GEOMETRIC MODELLING
RECTG,,6,,2
APLOT
!MESH SIZE
KESIZE,2,0.5
KESIZE,3,0.5
KESIZE,1,0.5
KESIZE,4,0.5
!AREA MESH
AMESH,1
!ELEMENT PLOT
EPLOT
SAVE
FINISH
!SOLUTION
/SOLU
!CONSTRAINTS
!SELECT NODES ON EXTREME LEFT SIDE
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0.0
!RESTRICT THE THE MOVEMENT OF THESE NODES IN X AND Y DIRECTION
D,ALL,ALL,0.0
!SELECT ALL NODES FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS
ALLS
!LOADING
F,26,FY,-10000
!LOAD STEP OPTIONS FOR A NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS
NSUBST,20,20,20
!RAMPED LOADING AND NOT STEPPED
KBC,0
!CONVERGENCE TOLERENCE
CNVTOL,F,-10000,0.001
!AUTOMATIC TIME STEP
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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AUTOTS,ON
!NEWTON RAPHSON OPTION
NROPT,FULL,,ON
!EQUILIBRIUM ITERATIONS
NEQIT,20
!DO NOT TERMINATE THE ANALYSIS IF THE SOLN FAILS TO CONVERGE
!NCNV,0
!SOLVE THE CURRENT SOLN
SOLVE
!FINISH TO REVIEW THE RESULTS
FINISH
!POSTPROCESSING (REVIEW OF RESULTS)
/POST1
!PLOT THE DEFORMED SHAPE ONLY
PLDISP,1
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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M3-P6
! Non-Linear Analysis of a Column
/prep7 ! Enter Preprocessor
k,1,0,0 ! Keypoints
k,2,0,100
l,1,2 ! Line connecting keypoints
ET,1,LINK1 ! Element type
R,1,25 ! Area of 25
MP,EX,1,75000 ! Young's modulus
MP,PRXY,1,0.3 ! Poisson's ratio
TB,MELA,1,1,12, ! Create a table of 12 data points
! to map the stress-strain curve
TBPT,,.001,75 ! Data points
TBPT,,.002,150
TBPT,,.003,225
TBPT,,.004,240
TBPT,,.005,250
TBPT,,.025,300
TBPT,,.06,355
TBPT,,.1,390
TBPT,,.15,420
TBPT,,.2,435
TBPT,,.25,449
TBPT,,.275,450
ESIZE,5 ! Element size 5
LMESH,all ! Line mesh all lines
FINISH
/SOLU ! Enter solution phase
NLGEOM,ON ! Nonlinear geometry on
NSUBST,20,1000,1 ! 20 load steps
OUTRES,ALL,ALL ! Output data for all load steps
AUTOTS,ON ! Auto time-search on
LNSRCH,ON ! Line search on
NEQIT,1000 ! 1000 iteration maximum
ANTYPE,0 ! Static analysis
DK,1,all ! Constrain keypoint 1
FK,2,FY,10000 ! Load on keypoint 2
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1 ! Enter post processor
/ESHAPE,1 ! Show element shape
PLNSOL,U,Y,0,1 ! Plot deflection contour
FINISH
/POST26 ! Enter time history
RFORCE,2,1,F,Y ! Reads force data in variable 2
NSOL,3,2,U,Y ! Reads y-deflection data into var 3
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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XVAR,2 ! Make variable 2 the x-axis
PLVAR,3
/AXLAB,Y,DEFLECTION! Changes y label
/AXLAB,X,LOAD ! Changes X label
/REPLOT
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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M4 | THERMAL & VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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M4-T1
! CONDUCTION ACROSS BLOCK
/TITLE, SIMPLE CONDUCTION EXAMPLE
/PREP7 ! PREPROCESSOR PHASE
!DEFINE GEOMETRY
LENGTH=1.0
HEIGHT=1.0
BLC4,0,0,LENGTH, HEIGHT ! AREA - ONE CORNER, THEN WIDTH AND HEIGHT
!MESH 2D AREAS
ET,1,PLANE55 ! THERMAL ELEMENT ONLY
MP,KXX,1,10 ! 10 W/MC
MAT,1
TYPE,1
ESIZE, LENGTH/20 ! NUMBER OF ELEMENT SUB-DIVISIONS/SIDE
AMESH,ALL
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,0 ! STEADY-STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS
!FIXED TEMP BC'S
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,HEIGHT ! SELECT NODES ON TOP WITH Y=HEIGHT
D,ALL,TEMP,500 ! APPLY FIXED TEMP OF 500C
NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0 ! SELECT NODES ON THREE SIDES
NSEL,A,LOC,X,LENGTH
! A—ADDITIONALLY SELECT A SET AND EXTEND THE CURRENT SET
NSEL,A,LOC,Y,0
D,ALL,TEMP,100 ! APPLY FIXED TEMP OF 100C
NSEL,ALL
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1
PLNSOL,TEMP,,0, ! CONTOUR PLOT OF TEMPERATURES
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M4-T2
! CONDUCTION-CONVECTION-INSULATION ACROSS BLOCK
/TITLE, CONDUCTION-CONVECTION-INSULATION ACROSS BLOCK
/PREP7 ! PREPROCESSOR PHASE
!DEFINE GEOMETRY
LENGTH=1.0
HEIGHT=1.0
BLC4,0,0,LENGTH, HEIGHT ! AREA - ONE CORNER, THEN WIDTH AND HEIGHT
!MESH 2D AREAS
ET,1, PLANE55 ! THERMAL ELEMENT ONLY
MP,KXX,1,10 ! 10 W/MC
MAT, 1
TYPE, 1
ESIZE, LENGTH/20 ! NUMBER OF ELEMENT SUB-DIVISIONS/SIDE
AMESH,ALL
SAVE
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,0 ! STEADY-STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS
!FIXED TEMP BC'S
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,HEIGHT ! SELECT NODES ON TOP WITH Y=HEIGHT
D,ALL,TEMP,500 ! APPLY FIXED TEMP OF 500C
NSEL,ALL
!CONDUCTION BCS
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0 ! SELECT NODES ON THREE SIDES
D,ALL,TEMP,100
NSEL,ALL
!CONVECTION BC'S
NSEL,S,LOC,X,LENGTH !RIGHT EDGE
SF,ALL,CONV,10,100 ! APPLY FIXED TEMP OF 100C
NSEL,ALL
!INSULATED BC'S
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0 ! BOTTOM EDGE
SF,ALL,CONV,0,25 ! INSULATE EDGE
NSEL,ALL
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1
PLNSOL,TEMP,,0, ! CONTOUR PLOT OF TEMPERATURES
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M4-T3
! TRANSIENT CONDUCTION EXAMPLE
TITLE, TRANSIENT CONDUCTION
/PREP7 ! PREPROCESSOR PHASE
!DEFINE GEOMETRY
LENGTH=1.0
HEIGHT=1.0
BLC4,0,0,LENGTH, HEIGHT ! AREA - ONE CORNER, THEN WIDTH AND HEIGHT
! MESH 2D AREAS
ET,1,PLANE55 ! THERMAL ELEMENT ONLY
MAT,1
TYPE,1
MP,DENS,1,920 !DENSITY
MP,C,1,2.040 !SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
MP,KXX,1,5 !THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
ESIZE, 0.05 ! ELEMENT SIZE
AMESH,ALL !MESH AREA
SAVE
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,4 ! TRANSIENT THERMAL ANALYSIS
TIME, 300 ! TIME AT END=300
NROPT,FULL ! NEWTON RAPHSON = FULL
LUMPM,0 ! LUMPED MASS APPROX OFF
NSUBST,20 ! 20 SUBSTEPS
NEQIT,100 ! MAX NO. OF ITERATIONS = 100
AUTOTS,OFF ! AUTO TIME SEARCH ON
LNSRCH,ON ! LINE SEARCH ON
OUTRES,ALL,ALL ! OUTPUT DATA FOR ALL SUBSTEPS
KBC,1
!FIXED TEMP BC'S
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,HEIGHT ! SELECT NODES ON TOP WITH Y=HEIGHT
D,ALL,TEMP,500 ! APPLY FIXED TEMP OF 500C
NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0 ! SELECT NODES ON THREE SIDES
D,ALL,TEMP,100 ! APPLY FIXED TEMP OF 100C
NSEL,ALL
IC,ALL,TEMP,100 ! INITIAL CONDITIONS: 100K
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1 ! ENTER POSTPROCESSOR
/CONT,1,8,100,,500 ! DEFINE A CONTOUR RANGE
PLNSOL,TEMP,,0, ! CONTOUR PLOT OF TEMPERATURES
ANTIME,20,0.5,,0,2,0,500 ! ANIMATE TEMP OVER TIME
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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M4-P1
! HEAT LOSS FROM A COMPOSITE PIPE
/PREP7
!STEP1 DEFINE ELEMENT
ET,1,35
!DEFINE MATERIAL PROPS!
MP,KXX,1,2
MP,KXX,2,0.25
!DEFINE SOLID MODELLING
PCIRC,0.05,0.1
APLOT
!DEFINE LINES TO SEPARATE INTO TWO DIFFERENT AREAS
L,3,7
L,6,1
!DEFINE THE NEW SEMICIRCULAR AREAS
A,1,2,3,7,8,6
A,7,3,4,1,6,5
AGLUE,2,3
!DELETE THE FORMAL FULL-CIRCLE AREA
ADELE,1
APLOT
!DEFINE MESH SIZE
AESIZE, ALL, 0.01
!ASSIGNING MATERIAL
ASEL,S,,,2
AATT,1
ASEL,ALL
ASEL,S,,,3
AATT,2
ASEL,ALL
!MESH THE AREA
AMESH,ALL
EPLOT
FINI
SAVE
!ENTER SOLUTION PHASE
/SOLU
!DEFINE CONSTRAINTS
DL,7,2,TEMP,500
DL,8,2,TEMP,500
DL,5,3,TEMP,500
DL,6,3,TEMP,500
!DEFINE LOAD
SFL,1,CONV,25,,300
SFL,2,CONV,25,,300
SFL,3,CONV,25,,300
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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SFL,4,CONV,25,,300
SOLVE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M4-P2
! 1-D UNIFORM HEAT GENERATION IN COMPOSITE WALL
/PREP7
!ELEMENT TYPE
ET,1,PLANE55
ET,2,PLANE55
ET,3,PLANE55
!MATERIAL PROP
MP,KXX,1,25
MP,KXX,2,15.3
MP,KXX,3,50
!MODELLING
RECTNG,,0.03,,0.10
RECTNG,0.03,0.09,,0.10
RECTNG,0.09,0.11,,0.10
AGLUE,1,2 !A2 BECOMES A4
AGLUE,4,3
!DEFINE MESH SIZE
AESIZE,ALL,0.005
!ASSIGNING MATERIAL
ASEL,S,,,1
AATT,1
ASEL,ALL
ASEL,S,,,2
AATT,2
ASEL,ALL
ASEL,S,,,3
AATT,3
ASEL,ALL
!MESH THE AREA
AMESH,ALL
EPLOT
FINI
SAVE
/SOLU
!APPLYING LOAD
SFL,4,CONV,1000,,298
SFL,10,CONV,1000,,298
BFA,2,HGEN,4E6
!SOLUTION
SOLVE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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VIBRATION FE ANALYSIS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M4-T4
! MODAL ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM
/TITLE, MODAL ANALYSIS
/PREP7
K,1,0,0 ! ENTER KEYPOINTS
K,2,1,0
L,1,2 ! CREATE LINE
ET,1,BEAM3 ! ELEMENT TYPE
R,1,0.0001,8.33E-10,0.01 ! REAL CONST: AREA,I,HEIGHT
MP,EX,1,2.068E11 ! YOUNG'S MODULUS
MP,PRXY,1,0.33 ! POISSON'S RATIO
MP,DENS,1,7830 ! DENSITY
LESIZE,ALL,,,10 ! ELEMENT SIZE
LMESH,1 ! MESH LINE
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,2 ! MODAL ANALYSIS
MODOPT,SUBSP,5 ! SUBSPACE, 5 MODES
MXPAND,5 ! EXPAND 5 MODES
DK,1,ALL ! CONSTRAIN KEYPOINT ONE
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1 ! LIST SOLUTIONS
SET,LIST
SET,FIRST
PLDISP ! DISPLAY FIRST MODE SHAPE
ANMODE,10,0.5, ,0 ! ANIMATE MODE SHAPE
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M4-T5
! MODAL ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
/TITLE, DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
/PREP7
K,1,0,0 ! ENTER KEYPOINTS
K,2,1,0
L,1,2 ! CREATE LINE
ET,1,BEAM3 ! ELEMENT TYPE
R,1,0.0001,8.33E-10,0.01 ! REAL CONST: AREA,I,HEIGHT
MP,EX,1,2.068E11 ! YOUNG'S MODULUS
MP,PRXY,1,0.33 ! POISSON'S RATIO
MP,DENS,1,7830 ! DENSITY
LESIZE,ALL,,,10 ! ELEMENT SIZE
LMESH,1 ! MESH LINE
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,2 ! MODAL ANALYSIS
MODOPT,SUBSP,5 ! SUBSPACE, 5 MODES
EQSLV,FRONT ! FRONTAL SOLVER
MXPAND,5 ! EXPAND 5 MODES
DK,1,ALL ! CONSTRAIN KEYPOINT ONE
DK,2,UY !CONSTRAINT KEYPOINT 2 (UY CAN BE CHANGED TO ALL)
SOLVE
FINISH
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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M4-P3
! MODAL ANALYSIS OF AN AEROPLANE WING
/PREP7
wpstyle,0.1,0.1,0,1.5,0.001,0,1,,5
WPSTYLE,,,,,,,,1
/AUTO,1
/REP,FAST
/DIST, 1 ,0.729000,1
/REP,FAST
/DIST, 1 ,1.371742,1
/REP,FAST
/DIST, 1 ,0.729000,1
/REP,FAST
/DIST, 1 ,1.371742,1
/REP,FAST
/AUTO, 1
/REP
/DIST, 1 ,1.371742,1
/REP,FAST
FLST,3,4,8
FITEM,3,0.2,0.5,0
FITEM,3,0,0.8,0
FITEM,3,0.3,1,0
FITEM,3,1.5,0.5,0
K, ,P51X
FLST,3,3,3
FITEM,3,2
FITEM,3,1
FITEM,3,4
BSPLIN, ,P51X
FLST,3,3,3
FITEM,3,2
FITEM,3,3
FITEM,3,4
BSPLIN, ,P51X
WPSTYLE,,,,,,,,0
FLST,2,2,4
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,2
AL,P51X
MPDATA,EX,1,,38000
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.3
MPDATA,DENS,1,,8.3e-5
!*
ET,1,PLANE42
ET,2,SOLID45
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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!*
FLST,5,2,4,ORDE,2
FITEM,5,1
FITEM,5,-2
CM,_Y,LINE
LSEL, , , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,LINE
CMSEL,,_Y
!*
LESIZE,_Y1,0.25, , , , , , ,1
!*
MSHAPE,0,2D
MSHKEY,0
!*
CM,_Y,AREA
ASEL, , , , 1
CM,_Y1,AREA
CHKMSH,'AREA'
CMSEL,S,_Y
!*
AMESH,_Y1
!*
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
CMDELE,_Y2
!*
/UI,MESH,OFF
TYPE, 2
EXTOPT,ESIZE,10,0,
EXTOPT,ACLEAR,0
!*
EXTOPT,ATTR,0,0,0
MAT,1
REAL,_Z4
ESYS,0
!*
FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1
FITEM,2,1
VEXT,P51X, , ,0,0,10,,,,
/VIEW,1,1,2,3
/ANG,1
/REP,FAST
/VIEW,1,1,1,1
/ANG,1
/REP,FAST
/VIEW,1,,,1
/ANG,1
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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/REP,FAST
/VIEW,1,1,2,3
/ANG,1
/REP,FAST
/AUTO,1
/REP,FAST
ESEL,U,TYPE,,1
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0
FLST,2,24,1,ORDE,2
FITEM,2,1
FITEM,2,-24
!*
/GO
D,P51X, , , , , ,ALL, , , , ,
NSEL,ALL
FINISH
/SOLU
!*
ANTYPE,2
!*
MSAVE,0
!*
MODOPT,LANB,5
EQSLV,SPAR
MXPAND,5, , ,0
LUMPM,0
PSTRES,0
!*
MODOPT,LANB,5,0,1000, ,OFF
/STATUS,SOLU
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1
SET,FIRST
!*
PLDI,2,
ANMODE,30,0.25, ,0
FINISH
! /EXIT,MODEL
Training & Development Cell , The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Three , Park Avenue , NY 10016-5990
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M4-T6
! HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM
/TITLE, DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
/PREP7
K,1,0,0 ! ENTER KEYPOINTS
K,2,1,0
L,1,2 ! CREATE LINE
ET,1,BEAM3 ! ELEMENT TYPE
R,1,0.0001,8.33E-10,0.01 ! REAL CONST: AREA,I,HEIGHT
MP,EX,1,2.068E11 ! YOUNG'S MODULUS
MP,PRXY,1,0.33 ! POISSON'S RATIO
MP,DENS,1,7830 ! DENSITY
LESIZE,ALL,,,10 ! ELEMENT SIZE
LMESH,1 ! MESH LINE
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,3 ! HARMONIC ANALYSIS
DK,1,ALL ! CONSTRAINT AT KEYPOINT 1
DK,2,UY ! CONSTRAINT AT KEYPOINT 2
F,7,FY,100 ! APPLY EXCITING FORCE
HARFRQ,0,100, ! FREQUENCY RANGE
NSUBST,100, ! NUMBER OF FREQUENCY STEPS
KBC,1 ! STEPPED LOADS (1 CAN BE 0 FOR RAMPED LOAD: 1N 1 HZ, 2 N
2 HZ)
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST26
NSOL,2,7,U,Y, UY_7 ! GET Y-DEFLECTION DATA
STORE,MERGE
PRVAR,2 ! PRINT DATA
PLVAR,2 ! PLOT DATA
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M4-T7
! HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
/TITLE, DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
/PREP7
K,1,0,0 ! ENTER KEYPOINTS
K,2,1,0
L,1,2 ! CREATE LINE
ET,1,BEAM3 ! ELEMENT TYPE
R,1,0.0001,8.33E-10,0.01 ! REAL CONST: AREA,I,HEIGHT
MP,EX,1,2.068E11 ! YOUNG'S MODULUS
MP,PRXY,1,0.33 ! POISSON'S RATIO
MP,DENS,1,7830 ! DENSITY
LESIZE,ALL,,,10 ! ELEMENT SIZE
LMESH,1 ! MESH LINE
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,3 ! HARMONIC ANALYSIS
DK,1,ALL ! CONSTRAINT AT KEYPOINT 1
DK,2,UY ! CONSTRAINT AT KEYPOINT 2
F,7,FY,100 ! APPLY EXCITING FORCE
HARFRQ,0,100, ! FREQUENCY RANGE
NSUBST,100, ! NUMBER OF FREQUENCY STEPS
KBC,1 ! STEPPED LOADS (1 CAN BE 0 FOR RAMPED LOAD: 1N 1 HZ, 2 N
2 HZ)
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST26
NSOL,2,7,U,Y, UY_7 ! GET Y-DEFLECTION DATA
STORE,MERGE
PRVAR,2 ! PRINT DATA
PLVAR,2 ! PLOT DATA
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M4-T8
! BUCKLING ANALYSIS
/TITLE,EIGENVALUE BUCKLING ANALYSIS
/PREP7 ! ENTER THE PREPROCESSOR
ET,1,BEAM3 ! DEFINE THE ELEMENT OF THE BEAM TO BE BUCKLED
R,1,100,833.333,10 ! REAL CONSTS: TYPE 1, AREA (MM^2), I (MM^4), HEIGHT (MM)
MP,EX,1,200000 ! YOUNG'S MODULUS (IN MPA)
MP,PRXY,1,0.3 ! POISSON'S RATIO
K,1,0,0 ! DEFINE THE GEOMETRY OF BEAM (100 MM HIGH)
K,2,0,100
L,1,2 ! DRAW THE LINE
ESIZE,10 ! SET ELEMENT SIZE TO 1 MM
LMESH,ALL,ALL ! MESH THE LINE
FINISH
/SOLU ! ENTER THE SOLUTION MODE
ANTYPE,STATIC ! BEFORE YOU CAN DO A BUCKLING ANALYSIS, ANSYS
! NEEDS THE INFO FROM A STATIC ANALYSIS
PSTRES,ON ! PRESTRESS CAN BE ACCOUNTED FOR - REQUIRED
! DURING BUCKLING ANALYSIS
DK,1,ALL ! CONSTRAIN THE BOTTOM OF BEAM
FK,2,FY,-1 ! LOAD THE TOP VERTICALLY WITH A UNIT LOAD.
! THIS IS DONE SO THE EIGENVALUE CALCULATED
! WILL BE THE ACTUAL BUCKLING LOAD, SINCE
! ALL LOADS ARE SCALED DURING THE ANALYSIS.
SOLVE
FINISH
/SOLU ! ENTER THE SOLUTION MODE AGAIN TO SOLVE BUCKLING
ANTYPE,BUCKLE ! BUCKLING ANALYSIS
BUCOPT,LANB,1 ! BUCKLING OPTIONS - BLOCK LANCZOS, ONE MODE
SOLVE
FINISH
/SOLU ! RE-ENTER SOLUTION MODE TO EXPAND INFO - NECESSARY
EXPASS,ON ! AN EXPANTION PASS WILL BE PERFORMED
MXPAND,1 ! SPECIFIES THE NUMBER OF MODES TO EXPAND
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1 ! ENTER POST-PROCESSOR
SET,LIST ! LIST EIGENVALUE SOLUTION - TIME/FREQ LISTING IS THE
! FORCE REQUIRED FOR BUCKLING (IN N FOR THIS CASE).
SET,LAST ! READ IN DATA FOR THE DESIRED MODE
PLDISP ! PLOTS THE DEFLECTED SHAPE
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M5 | Assembly Modeling & Design Simulation
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ASSEMBLY M5-T1
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Introduction
Creating an assembly is a fun task. Your main challenge will be display management, as the
screen gets messy with many features shown. However, you will not appreciate that until we
get into our project.
MATE OFFSET
Two planar surfaces or datums are made parallel, with a specified offset distance, and face in
opposite directions. The offset dimension can be negative.
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This can be applied to planar surfaces, datums, revolved surfaces and axes. Planar surfaces
become coplanar and face in the same direction.
ALIGN OFFSET
This can be done only with planar surfaces: they become parallel with a specified offset and
face the same direction.
ALIGN OREINT
Two planar surfaces or datums are made parallel and face the same direction (similar to Align
offset except without the specified offset distance).
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INSERT
This constraint can only be used with two surfaces of revolution in order to make them
coaxial.
As you might already notice, for certain geometries and constraints, you could have more
than one choice from the 6 basic types. For example, ALIGN can be used to make two axes
coaxial, equivalent to INSERT, and so on.
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Modeling Rigid Coupling Parts and Creating Assembly
Enter the Sketch mode by clicking the button ; and selecting the plane (any plane works)
for sketching. After entering the sketch mode follow the steps given below.
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a. Sketching the cross section, which can be revolved to get basic block of the part.
Draw the cross section according to the dimensions using line command.
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Figure 4.10 Revolved feature.
c.
Enter the sketch mode by selecting the surface mentioned in figure 4.10.
*Note: This can be done by creating a new datum plane in which the surface, mentioned
in figure 4.10, lies.
Draw the sketch as shown in figure 4.11.
Now exit the sketcher and extrude by selecting the button . And then OK button.
The solid model after step 3 is as shown in fig 4.12.
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Figure 4.11
Figure 4.12
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d. Making holes
Make six holes in sketch mode as shown in figure 4.13.
Exit the sketcher and select extrude button and select button from the extrude
dash board. And then select the button to create through holes.
Figure 4.13
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Figure 4.14 solid model after making holes
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Figure 4.15
Figure 4.16
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Figure 4.17
f. Creating rounds
Select the button , then it prompts to select the edges to make round. Select the edges
and then click OK button.
The complete part after Step 5 looks like the picture shown in figure 4.18.
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Making PART 2
Part 2 is same part 1 except one edge, which is the mating edge with part 1.
a. Sketch for part 2
Sketch the initial sketch. The basic cross sectional sketch of part 2 is shown in figure 4.19.
Figure 4.19
And all other steps are same as those of pat1.
The part after revolving is shown in figure 4.20 and figure 4.21 viewed in two different angles.
Figure 4.20
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Figure 4.21
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Figure 4.23
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Figure 4.25 PART 3
b.
Enter the sketch mode by selecting the surface as drawing plane.
Draw a 6-edged polygon, which can be inscribed in a circle of diameter 60 units.
Now, exit sketcher and extrude in third direction up to a depth of 25 units.
The final part after step 2 is shown in figure 4.27.
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Figure 4.27 part after b
Select the icon , and then it prompts to select edge(s). Select all the sharp edges and then
say OK.
The complete part is shown in figure 4.28.
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Figure 4.29 the complete part – bolt
. The order of the inserting the components should be convenient to assemble the parts
in to one. Here the preferred order is PART 1, PART 3, PART 2, PART 4, and PART 5.
After inserting the part in to the assembly file COMPONENT PLACEMENT dialog box will
appear as shown below in figure 4.30. Choose appropriate constraints and offset values to
place a component.
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Figure 4.30 The main dialog window for assembly.
Placing PART 1:
Click Add components to assembly button and open PART 1. No need to apply any
constraints to this place this part as there are no other parts.
Do not modify any values/constraints in the dialog box as shown in figure 4.31. Now click OK.
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Figure 4.31 component placement box – PART 1
Placing PART 3:
Add PART 3 to assembly. It needs minimum two constraints to place the part 3.
We can place PART 3 by using two constraints – MATE and ALLIGN.
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Figure 4.32 Mating surfaces of PART 1 and PART 3.
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Figure 4.33
PLACING PART 2
Add PART 2 to the assembly file. To place it, it needs two constraints similar to that as PART 2.
These are gain MATE and ALLIGN constraints.
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Figure 4.35 Mating surfaces of PART 1and PART 2
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PLACING PARTS 4&5:
For assembling PART 4(nut) and PART 5 (bolt) the same constraints are applicable. It is also
possible with other types of constraints like INSERT etc.
The mating surfaces and aligning axes are highlighted in the following figures.
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Fig 4.40 assembly – PARTS 1, 2, 3 &4
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Figure 4.42 alignment of axes of partial assembly and PART 5
Of course we need multiple components of PART 4 and PART 5 for the complete assembly.
Add and place multiple parts that are requires for complete assembly. A component can be
placed multiple times in the assembly.
The complete assembly is shown in the figure 4.44 and its exploded view is shown in the
figure 4.45. To explode/ unexplode select View >> Explode >> Explode View / Unexplode
View.
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Figure 4.44 Complete assembly of rigid coupling – Unexplode view
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Modeling Flexible Coupling Parts and Creating Assembly
MAKING COMPLETE PATRS
Flexible couplings are designed to transmit torque while permitting some radial and axial and
angular misalignment. Flexible couplings can accommodate angular misalignment up to a few
degrees and some parallel misalignment.
The assembly that’s discussed in further is designed according to the specifications given in
Example 9.15 of the book Design of Machine Elements, written by V.B.Bhandari.
Making PART 1
The flange can be made as explained earlier in modeling rigid coupling.
The dimensions of the flange can be identified from the following figure 4.48
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The following figure shows the completed view of Part 1.
In the above figure, the diameter of centre hole is 100 mm and that of others is 68.21 mm.
Making PART 2
Making of part 2 of flexible coupling is similar to that of making part 2 of rigid coupling except
for a little change in shape
Unlike the case of rigid coupling, in flexible coupling, the two flanges seems similar except for
change in shaft diameters.
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The following figure, fig. 4.50 shows the dimensions of the 2nd part
The following figure shows the complete view of 2nd part with all the features
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MAKING PART 3 – NUT Sub Assembly
The nut used in flexible coupling is surrounded with brass lining and a rubber bush.
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The following figure shows completed view of brass lining.
The dimension of inner diameter is 25.33 mm and that of outer diameter is 31.33 mm.
The following figure shows the rubber bush.
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The dimension of the inner diameter of the rubber bush is 31.33 mm and that of outer
diameter is 68.21 mm.
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MAKING PART 5 - WASHER
The following figure shows the washer used in the assembly.
The assembly of the nut is done by inserting the nut into the brass lining and then inserting
this sub-assembly into the rubber bush. This assembly is depicted in the following figures.
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The figure below gives the explode view of the nut assembly.
The complete nut assembly can be seen from the following figure.
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The complete assembly of the flexible coupling is depicted in following figures as both
exploded and unexploded views.
The following figures give the exploded views of the assembly seen from different directions
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Fig 4.61 showing the exploded view of the assembly
The following figures give the unexploded view of the assembly.
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From the above figure,
• Bolts, washers and the second flange are clearly visible.
• We can also observe the difference in diameters of the shafts that can be used.
• Also both the shafts are keyed.
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From the above figure,
• The gap between the two flanges
• Also the rubber bushes come out of the first flange and touch the second flange’s
surface, making the surfaces of rubber bushes as the surface of contact between the
two flanges. Where as in the case of rigid coupling, the two flange surfaces meet
directly.
In the above section 4.4, the complete assembly making of a flexible coupling is discussed in
brief.
M5-T2
Parts of nut and bold assembly can be taken from M2-T4 for assembly.
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C CLAMP M5-T3
1) Fixed Jaw: The Fixed Clamp is made by Extrude Commands for the main parts. Logo is
also made by Extrude Command. Round Command is used several times.
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2) Moveable Jaw: Moveable Jaw is made by revolving a section. Cosmetic Threads are
created over the relevant area. And a hole is created.
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KNUCLE JOINT M5-T4
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Solution:
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Guidelines to Create a Screw Jack
a. Base: The base of the Screw Jack can be made using 2 Revolve commands. Hole
Command is used at the lowermost part. 2 Round commands are used at the changing
section.
b. Cup: The Cup of the Screw Jack is made by initially revolving the first section. Hole is
made at the bottom of the Cup. The Cut section at the top is made by extruding the
given section and removing material. It is then patterned using a Circular Pattern with
4 instances at 90º each.
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c. Nut: The Nut is made by first revolving the given section. A hole is made throughout
the part. Threads are made using Cosmetic Feature.
d. Screw: The Screw is made by first Extruding the top most part of the screw. Next, use
a Blend to create the head. Another Extrude is used on the body of the threaded
portion. A Helical Sweep is used to create the screw threads. Two Hole commands are
used; one at the top of the screw and another to fit the Split Pin.
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e. Set Screw: To make the Set Screw, first revolve the given section. Next Extrude
the top slot as shown and remove material. Finally Mirror the extrude
command.
f. Tommy Bar: The Tommy Bar is made by using extrude command twice. The
chamfer command is used where the 2 extrude commands meet.
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g. Washer: The Washer is made by using a Blend command followed by a Hole
Command.
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M6 | Design & Manufacturing Simulation
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DESIGN SIMULATION M6-L2
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[Fig 5.1]
[Figure 5.2]
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9. Select the Add Component icon again, and open the driver. You may want to
hide the coordinate systems of the parts since you will not use them again.
10. In the Component Placement window, set the Type to Mate.
11. Click on the front surface of the driver, and then click on the back surface of the pivot.
12. A pull-down menu for a second constraint should appear in the Component Placement
window. Set its type to Insert.
13. Click on the inside surface of the hole in the pivot, and then click on the outside
surface of the protrusion on the driver, as shown in
Figure 5.3.
[Figure 5.3]
17. Click on the bottom surface of the pivot and then the bottom surface of the driver, as
shown in Figure 5.5.
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[Figure 5.5]
18. The driver should be pointing to the left of the pivot, as shown in Figure 5.5. If so,
20. Select the Add Component icon and select the slider.
21. Set the first constraint type to Mate, and select the front surface of the slider and the
back surface of the driver, as shown in Figure 5.6.
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[Figure 5.6]
22. Set the second constraint type to Insert. Select the hole in the driver and protrusion
on the slider.
23. Use the Add Constraint icon to add a third constraint. Set the type to Align and
the offset to Oriented.
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24. Select the bottom surface of the driver and the bottom surface of the slider, as shown
in Figure 5.7.
[Figure 5.7]
25. Click the OK button on the Component Placement window. The parts should be
aligned as shown in Figure 5.7.
26. Select the Add Component icon and open the guide.
27. Set the first constraint type to Mate. Select the inside front surface of the slider and
the front surface of the guide, so that the guide will be able to fit inside the slider with
the pin on the guide pointing to the front.
28. Set the second constraint to Align. Select the point labeled Pnt1 on the slider and the
point Pnt2 on the guide, as shown in Figure 5.8.
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[Figure 5.8]
29. Use the Add Constraint icon to add a third constraint. Set the type to Align and
the offset to Oriented.
30. Select the bottom surface of the guide and the bottom surface of the slider.
31. Select the OK button from the Component Placement window. You should see the
parts oriented as shown in Figure 5.9.
[Figure 5.9]
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32. Select the Add Component icon and open the pivot again.
33. Set the first constraint type to Mate. Select the back surface of the pivot and the front
surface of the guide, as shown in Figure 5.10, and set the offset to 0. This is so we can
align PNT1 on the guide and PNT0 on the pivot, as is necessary for the motion analysis.
[Figure 5.10]
34. Set the second constraint to Insert. Select the protrusion on the guide and the hole in
the pivot.
35. Use the Add Constraint icon to add a third constraint. Set the type to Align and
the offset to Oriented.
36. Select the bottom surface of the guide and the bottom surface of the pivot.
37. Select the Okay button from the Component Placement window. You should see the
parts oriented as shown in Figure 5.11.
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[Figure 5.11]
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M6-T1
Building the Motion Model
[Figure 5.1.1]
8. Use the model tree to select all of the parts in the assembly, and click the Okay button
from the Select window.
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9. Close the Materials window, and select Done/Return from the PROPERTIES menu.
10. You will now define the grounded bodies in the assembly. Select Bodies from the
MOTN MODEL menu.
11. Select Ground in the Bodies window, and click on the Review button.
12. Click on the Select/Review Part button on the Body Definition window.
13. Select the first pivot, hold down the Control key, and select the second pivot.
14. Click the Okay button on the Select window and the Accept button on the Body
Definition window. The two pivots are now grounded. You should see the Bodies
window as shown in Figure 5.1.2.
[Figure 5.1.2]
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17. Select PNT0 from the first pivot and PNT1 from the driver. These points should be
coincident, as should any points defining a joint.
18. A Joint Create window should open. Set the joint type to Pin and click the Accept
button. You should see the joint symbol pointing normal to the parts as shown in
Figure 5.1.3.
[Figure 5.1.3]
19. Select PNT0 from the driver and PNT0 from the slider to create a second joint.
20. Set the type to Pin and click the Accept button.
21. Select PNT0 from the second pivot and PNT1 from the guide.
22. Set the type to Pin and click the Accept button.
23. Select PNT2 from the guide and PNT1 from the slider.
24. Set the type to Slider and click the Accept button.
25. Select Done/Return from the POINTS menu and the MEC ACTION menu. You should
see the joints as shown in Figure 5.1.4.
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[Figure 5.1.4]
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1. Analyzing the Motion
2. Select Analysis from the Menu Manager.
3. Click on Motion in the Motion Analysis Definition window and select the Edit button.
You should see the window shown in Figure 5.1.5. This window allows you to specify
the duration, time increment, etc. of the motion analysis. The default motion analysis
is to create a new frame every 0.1 seconds for 10 seconds, thus creating 100 frames.
[Figure 5.1.5]
4. Click the OK button to accept the default parameters, and close the Analysis window.
5. Select Run from the Menu Manager.
6. Select Motion (Standard/Motion) in the Run window, and click the Start button. If
you did everything correctly, you should see an animation of the assembly with the
driver completing one revolution in 10 seconds. If you get a message saying that there
was an error while compiling the equations of motion, you may need to define path
and environment variables to run a C++ compiler.
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7. Select Results > Animate > Start from the Menu Manager. This will bring up an
Animate window with normal play, stop, etc. buttons. Experiment with these buttons
to view an animation of your assembly. Click the link below to view the correct
animation.
8. Close the animation window and select Done/Return from the ANIMATE menu.
9. Now you will plot the velocity of the end of the guide. To do this, you will first need to
create a datum point. Select File > Open from the menu bar and open the guide. A
new window should open.
10. Select the Datum Point icon from the tool bar at the right of the screen.
11. Select the front surface of the guide, hold down the Control key, and select the axis of
the hole through the guide, as shown in Figure 5.1.6.
[Figure 5.1.6]
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14. Select File > Close from the menu bar.
15. In the window with the assembly, the guide should be automatically updated. You will
need to run the Motion analysis again to obtain the velocity profile of the end of the
guide. Select Motion > Run from the Menu Manager.
16. Select Motion (Standard/Motion) in the Run window, and click the Start button. You
should see the same animation you saw in step 6.
17. Select Results > Graph > Pt Velocity from the Menu Manager.
18. Select on the point you just created on the guide.
19. Select Mag from the Select the Component window, and click the Accept button.
20. Select the OK button on the Select window. You should see the velocity profile shown
in Figure 5.1.7. You can use the menu bar on this window to format, save, and print
the graph.
Figure 5.1.7
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1. Four Bar Mechanism M6-T2
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Practice:
1. Single cylinder Engine M6-P1
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