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Sammaniyya in Sudan

The Sammaniyya tariqa arrived in Sudan in the second half of the


18th century. This tariqa was named after its founder, master Sheikh
Mohammad Ibn Abdul Karim As-Samman{1133-1189A.H-1739-1775
A.C}.The lineage of Sheikh As-Samman shows he was a descendant of
Sayyidi Abu-Baker al-Sidiq, the first man on earth to believe in the
message of Islam. In the Sufi path Sheikh As-amman was a student of
master Sheikh Mustafa - Ibn Kamal Din al-Bakri, the founder of the
Khalwatiyya tariqa. Moreover, he was initiated into the Gadiriya tariqa at
the hand of Sheikh Mohammad Tahir al-Kurdi.

The Sammaniyya tariqa was brought to Sudan by the renowned –


mugadid- master Sheikh Ahmed Ateyyib Wad al.Bashir {1155-1742/3
-1239-1824 AH} who had been initiated by As-Samman himself while on
pilgrimage to Median, the home of the prophet Mohammed (Pbuh). He
had been initiated into five tariqas, among these the most famous one was
the Qadiriyya. It was stated that he was very concerned with spreading
the Qadiriyya teachings after spending seven years with his sheikh, the
gnostic –alarif- As-Samman. During his time there Sheikh Ahmed
Ateyyib had studied different types of Islamic and Arabic sciences. Upon
his arrival from the Hejaz, master Sheikh Ahmed Ateyyib settled in Um-
marih-40km north of Omdurman-a place from which he started to teach
and to initiate people into the Sufi path, according to the tenets and
principles of the Sheikh As-amman. His tariqa gained wide popularity
especially in the Gezira area, where the new teachings of Sammaniyya
attracted many of the Gadiriyya sheikhs to the new style of the tariqa.
Also, the personality of master Sheikh Ahmed Ateyyib had really
impressed many previous Qadiri sheikhs, drawing them to the fold of
Sammaniyya. Among the famous Qadiri sheikhs who came to be initiated
into Sammaniyya were Sheikh Ahmed al.Basir (d.1829), Sheikh
Mohammad Tom wad Bannaqa (d.1851) and master Sheikh al.Gurashi
wad Azain (d.1878). The latter was a student of master Sheikh al. Basir
and later came to be the teacher of the Imam al.Mahdi. Through the
coming of the Sammaniyya tariqa (which was identified by some
historians as a reform) a new spirit was infused into Sudanese Sufism.
The pioneering leadership of Sheikh Ahmed Ateyyib, better known in
Sudan as al.Ghauz, led to renewal not only of the practical aspects of God
remembrance- ziker and songs of praise (madih)- but also to the
philosophy of Sufism. For the first time Sudanese Sufi literature came to
be identified comprehensively with some new Sufi concepts such as
alnur al Muhammad, wuhdat alwegud (unity of existence), fana
(passing away) etc. and practically, may Allah pleased him, the Sheikh
expressed these views in his masterpiece al hikam-the book of wisdom.
Master Sheikh Ahmed Ateyyib wad al.Bashir is a descendant of Abasi on
his father's side, and through his grandmother descended from al.sayyida
Fatima, the daughter of the prophet (pbuh). Finally, and because of his
pioneering and significant role in the tariqa, the tariqa came to be known
as tariqa al .Tayyibia al.Sammaniyya and in Sudan it is the largest tariqa
with adherents numbering in the millions.

Copyright- Sammanyia Omaidan.

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