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a) Strength
b) Workability
c) Durability
Table 1: Nominal Mixes As Per IS: 456-2000
(Fine Aggregate of Zone II As Per IS: 383- 1970)
Grade of As per Mix ratio by wt Max Max
concrete IS:383-1970 Cement Fine Coarse W/C cement
Max size of aggregat aggregat ratio aggregate
graded e ratio by
e
coarse mass
aggregate
M20 10 1 : 1.8 : 2.7 0.60 1:5
M20 20 1 : 1.5 : 3.0 0.60 1:5
M20 40 1 : 1.3 : 3.2 0.60 1:5
Where,
fm = Mean of four results in a group
fi = Strength of any individual sample
s = Established standard deviation rounded off to nearest
0.5 MPa
Step 1 :- Work out the Target mean strength of concrete from the
relation:
fck = fck +t x s
s = Standard Deviation
The above values correspond to the site control having proper storage of
cement; Weigh batching of all materials; controlled addition of water; regular
checking of all materials, aggregate grading and moisture content; and
periodic checking of workability and strength. Where there is deviation from
the above, the values given in the above table shall be increased by 1 N/mm²
Step 2 :-
Find out the value of W/C ratio against the target mean strength
from the curves available for the purpose. Select the appropriate
curve for the type of coarse aggregate and the type of cement
being used.
Step 3 :-
For durability consideration check the obtained free water-
cement ratio from appropriate table of IS:456-2000. If required
use lower value of water cement ratio.
Step 4 :-
As per clause 7 page 17 of IS:456-2000 find out the degree of
workability required for the job.
Step 5 :-
From table 4, find out the quantity of free water in Kg/m³ for the
type and maximum size of aggregate being used and for the
required workability and normal- air entrained concrete.
Step 6 :-
Find out the cement content in Kg/m³ from the information of
step 2 and step 5.
Free water content
Cement content =
Water cement ratio
For durability consideration, check the minimum cement
content , if required take higher value.
Step 7 :-
Find out the density of concrete in Kg/m³ for different maximum
sizes of coarse aggregate corresponding to particular value of
combined specific gravity of aggregates from the given tables
5,6 &7.
Step 8 :-
Find out the aggregates content per cum of concrete.
Total aggre = conc density – Free water – cement content
(Kg/m³ ) (Kg/m³ ) (Kg/m³ ) (Kg/m³ )
Step 9 :-
Find out the proportions of sand (percent) of the total aggregate
from table 8 for particular maximum size of coarse aggregate,
required workability, zone of sand and water- cement ratio. Find
out the quantity of fine aggregates in Kg/m³ from total aggregate
calculated in step 8 above.
Step 10 :-
Find out the quantity of coarse aggregate in Kg/m³ by
subtracting the quantity of fine aggregate from total aggregates.
Step 11 :-
If the coarse aggregates are in more than one fraction , they
shall be combined in a suitable proportion to get a graded
coarse aggregate as per IS: 383-1970. In general, if the coarse
aggregates are in single size as per IS: 383-1970, they shall be
combined as follows for obtaining a combined graded
aggregate.
(a) 10 & 20 mm aggregate in ratio 1:2
(b) 10, 20 & 40 mm aggregate in ratio 1:1.5:3
IMPORTANT NOTE
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70
WATER – CEMENT RATIO
COMPRESSIVE STR VS W/C RATIO
(Crushed coarse aggregate)
80.0
F A=21.6 – 25.0 N/mm² B=25.0 – 29.8 N/mm²
C=29.8 – 35.0 N/mm² D=35.0 – 41.5 N/mm²
70.0
E
E=41.5 – 48.0 N/mm² F=48.0 – 53.4 N/mm²
60.0 D (Values given above correspond to the 7- day
28 – DAY COMPR STR OF CONCRETE (N/mm²)
A
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70
WATER – CEMENT RATIO
Water cement ratio & cement contents for Durability
Type of Plain Cement Concrete Reinforced Cement Concrete
Exposure
Min Max Min Min Max Free Min grade
cement Free grade of cement W/C of concrete
Kg/m³ W/C concrete Kg/m³
Mild 220 0.6 - 300 0.55 M20
Note :- Min cement content value applies to 20mm max size of agg
Adjustments to minimum cement content
for aggregates (other than 20mm max size of agg)
Sl No. Nominal max aggregate size Adjustments to minimum
cement content
1. 10 +40
2. 20 0
3. 40 -30
Note :-
a) Cement content prescribed in the table is irrespective of the grades of
cement and is inclusive of mineral admixtures like fly ash, silica fume etc.
b) The additions such as fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag may
be taken into account in the concrete composition with respect to the
cement content and water cement ratio if the suitability is established and
as long as the maximum amounts taken into account do not exceed the
limit of pozzolona and slag specified in IS 1489(Part I) and IS 455
respectively.
Table 4:Approx Free water content(kg/m³)
With non air- entrained concrete
(Normal entrapped air)
When coarse and fine aggregates of different types are used, the free water content is
estimated by the expression : 2 W f + 1 W c , where,
3 3
Wf = Free water content appropriate to type of fine aggregate
Wc = Free water content appropriate to type of coarse aggregate
Table 5:Estimated wet density of fully compacted
concrete(kg/m³)
(Max size of saturated & surface dry aggregate 10 mm for first trial)
Free water content Specific gravity for combined aggregates
(Kg/m³)
2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9
130 2250 2320 2390 2460 2530 2600
140 2235 2305 2375 2445 2515 2585
150 2220 2290 2360 2430 2500 2570
160 2205 2275 2345 2415 2485 2555
170 2190 2260 2330 2400 2470 2540
180 2175 2245 2315 2385 2455 2525
190 2160 2230 2300 2370 2440 2510
200 2145 2215 2285 2355 2425 2495
210 2130 2200 2270 2340 2410 2480
220 2115 2185 2255 2325 2395 2465
230 2100 2170 2240 2310 2380 2450
240 2085 2155 2225 2295 2365 2435
250 2070 2140 2210 2280 2350 2420
The table is worked out for cement content 330 kg/m³. For each 20 Kg difference in
cement content from 330 Kg correct the weight per m³, 3 Kg in the same direction.
Table 6:Estimated wet density of fully compacted
concrete(kg/m³)
(Max size of saturated & surface dry aggregate 20 mm for first trial)
The table is worked out for cement content 330 kg/m³. For each 20 Kg difference in
cement content from 330 Kg correct the weight per m³, 3 Kg in the same direction.
Table 7:Estimated wet density of fully compacted
concrete(kg/m³)
(Max size of saturated & surface dry aggregate 40 mm for first trial)
The table is worked out for cement content 330 kg/m³. For each 20 Kg difference in
cement content from 330 Kg correct the weight per m³, 3 Kg in the same direction.
Table 8: Proportion of fine aggregate with different workability
Zone W/C 10mm aggregate 20 mm aggregate 40 mm aggregate
of FA ratio
VL L M H VL L M H VL L M H
0.3 43-53 46-56 49-60 54-67 32-39 35-42 39-47 44-53 27-33 29-35 33-39 38-46
0.4 46-56 48-58 51-62 57-69 34-42 37-45 41-49 46-56 29-35 31-38 35-42 41-49
I
0.5 48-58 50-61 53-65 59-72 37-45 39-47 43-52 48-59 31-38 33-41 37-44 43-52
0.6 50-61 52-63 56-68 62-75 39-47 41-50 45-54 50-61 33-41 36-43 39-47 45-54
0.7 52-64 55-66 58-70 64-77 41-50 44-53 47-57 53-64 36-44 38-46 42-50 47-57
0.3 36-43 37-46 40-49 44-54 27-32 28-35 32-39 35-44 22-27 23-29 27-33 31-38
0.4 37-46 39-48 42-51 46-57 28-34 30-37 33-41 37-46 24-29 25-31 28-35 32-41
II
0.5 39-48 41-50 44-53 47-59 30-37 32-39 35-43 39-48 25-31 27-33 30-37 34-43
0.6 41-50 42-52 45-56 49-62 32-39 34-41 36-45 41-50 27-33 29-36 32-39 36-45
0.7 42-52 44-55 47-58 51-64 34-41 36-44 38-47 43-53 29-36 31-38 34-42 38-47
0.3 29-36 32-37 33-40 37-44 23-27 24-28 27-32 30-35 18-22 20-23 22-27 26-31
0.4 31-37 33-39 35-42 38-46 24-28 26-30 28-33 31-37 20-24 21-25 24-28 27-32
III
0.5 32-39 34-41 36-44 40-47 25-30 27-32 29-35 33-39 21-25 23-27 25-30 29-34
0.6 34-41 36-42 38-45 42-49 27-32 29-34 31-36 35-41 23-27 24-29 27-32 30-36
0.7 35-42 37-44 39-47 43-51 28-34 30-36 32-38 36-43 24-29 26-31 29-34 32-38
0.3 26-29 27-32 29-33 32-37 19-23 21-24 23-27 26-30 16-18 18-20 19-22 22-26
0.4 27-31 29-33 30-35 34-38 21-24 22-26 24-28 28-31 17-20 19-21 20-24 24-27
IV
0.5 28-32 30-34 32-36 35-40 22-25 24-27 26-29 29-33 18-21 20-23 22-25 25-29
0.6 30-34 31-36 33-38 36-42 23-27 25-29 27-31 30-35 20-23 22-24 23-27 26-30
0.7 31-35 32-37 35-39 37-43 25-28 26-30 28-32 32-36 21-24 23-26 25-29 28-32
Table 9: Grading requirements of Coarse
aggregates (IS:383-1970)
IS Sieve Percentage passing for Single Sized Aggregate of Percentage passing for Graded
Designation Nominal Size Aggregate of Nominal Size
63mm 40mm 20mm 16mm 12.5mm 10mm 40mm 20mm 16mm 12.5mm
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
80mm 100 - - - - - 100 - - -
10mm 0-5 0-5 0-20 0-30 0-15 85-100 10-35 25-55 30-70 40-85
2.36mm - - - - - 0-5 - - - -
Table 10 : Grading Requirements For
Fine Aggregates (IS :383-1970)
IS Sieve Percentage Passing For Grading Zone
Designation
I II III IV
For crushed stone sands, the permissible limit on 150 micron IS sieve is increased by 20 %.
Fine aggregate complying with the requirements of any of the grading zone in this table is
suitable for concrete.
It is recommended not to use the fine aggregate conforming to the grading zone IV in
reinforced concrete unless tests prove it suitable for the purpose.
Where concrete of high strength and good durability is required, fine aggregate conforming
to any of the four zones can be used, but the concrete mix should be properly designed. As
the fine aggregate grading becomes progressively finer, the ratio of fine aggregate to coarse
aggregate should be progressively reduced.
Exposure Conditions
Sl Exposure Description
No. condition
1. Mild Concrete surfaces protected against
weather or aggressive conditions, except
those situated in coastal areas.
2. Moderate Concrete surfaces sheltered from severe
rain or freezing whilst wet
Concrete exposed to condensation and rain
Concrete continuously under water
Concrete in contact or buried under non
aggressive soil / ground water
Concrete surfaces sheltered from saturated
salt air in coastal area
Sl Exposure Description
No. condition
3. Severe Concrete surfaces exposed to severe rain,
alternate wetting and drying or occasional
freezing whilst wet or severe condensation
Concrete completely immersed in sea water
Concrete exposed to coastal environment
4. Very Concrete surfaces exposed to sea water
Severe spray, corrosive fumes or severe freezing
conditions whilst wet
Concrete in contact with or buried under
aggressive sub- soil/ ground water
5. Extreme Surface of members in tidal zone
Members in direct contact with liquid/ solid
aggressive chemicals
Workability of Concrete
Sl Placing conditions Degree of Slump
No. workability (mm)
1. Blinding Concrete Very low 0.75-0.80
Shallow Sections (CF)
Pavements using pavers
2. Mass Concrete Low 25-75
Lightly reinforced sections in slabs,
beams, walls, columns
Floors
Hand placed pavements
Canal linings
Strip footings
3. Heavily reinforced sections in slabs, Medium 50-100
beams, walls, columns to
Slipform work 75- 100
Pumped concrete
4. Trench fill High 100- 150
In-situ piling
5. Tremie Concrete Very High By flow
determination
Example 1:-
A mix is required to be designed for M20 grade of concrete which is
to used in lightly reinforced slab. Other details are as given below :