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Parallel Interfaces, Serial Interfaces

MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING
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INTRODUCTION

 A of wide range of peripheral devices can be

connected to the microprocessor by using serial
and parallel interfaces.
 This can be done by simply connecting the
user’s parallel output port of the transmitting
device to the user’s parallel input port of the
receiving device.
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INTRODUCTION (CONT.)

 Parallel transmission over long distances

become expensive since many long wire
needed.
 Thus data to be sent across a long distance
should be sent serially since one line required.
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HANDSHAKING

 I/O devices accept or release information at

much slower rate than the microprocessor.
Handshaking is the method that synchronize
the I/O device with microprocessor.
 Handshake data transfer use signal between
the microprocessor and the peripheral devices
for communicating.
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PARALLEL INTERFACE

 Types of handshakes in parallel interfacing:

1. Single handshake
2. Double handshake
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SINGLE HANDSHAKE (PARALLEL)
 In single handshake, a peripheral device first
sends a "Strobe signal" to the microprocessor to
indicate that it is ready to send data.
 The microprocessor , upon detecting the strobe
signal, opens up its input port and receives the
data.
 After receiving data, it sends an "Acknowledge
signal" to the peripheral to indicate that
transmission has been completed.
 A transmission session has been completed.
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SINGLE HANDSHAKE (PARALLEL) (CONT.)

STB

Receiver Data Transmitter

DATA DATA
ACK
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DOUBLE HANDSHAKE (PARALLEL)
 In double handshake, first the peripheral device
sends a strobe signal, the microprocessor, sends
the acknowledge signal to indicate that it is ready
to receive data.
 After that data is received.
 After sending data, the peripheral sends a strobe
signal to indicate data transmission completion,
due to which, the microprocessor drops its
acknowledge signal and a session has been
completed.
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DOUBLE HANDSHAKE (PARALLEL) (CONT.)

STB

Receiver Data Transmitter

DATA DATA
ACK
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SERIAL INTERFACE

Peripheral
Devices
Micro-p 8251 RS-232C
USART
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8251 USART
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8251 USART (CONT.)

 USART (Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous

Receiver Transmitter)
 Functions of 8251 USART:
1. Serializes the parallel data output by the
processor in the transmitter mode
2. Converts the incoming serial data to parallel in
the receiver mode.
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8251 USART (CONT.)

 Steps to program 8251 to operate in the

synchronous mode:
1. Reset the chip
2. Write the mode control instruction to the control
port
3. Write one or two synchronous characters to the
control port
4. Write the command instruction to the control port
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8251 USART (CONT.)

 Steps to program 8251 to operate in the

asynchronous mode:
1. Reset the chip
2. Write the mode control instruction to the control
port
3. Write the command instruction to the control port
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RS-232C

RS-232C
(Recommended
Standard 232
Converter)
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RS-232C (CONT.)
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RS-232C (CONT.)
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RS-232C (CONT.)

RS- RS-
232C 232C

CABEL

CPU DEVICES

DCE DTE

Note:
DCE : Data Communication Equipment
DTE : Data Terminal Equipment
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RS-232C (CONT.)

DATA
3 3
(RXD)

SIGNAL GROUND
7 7
(SG)

DCE DTE

One Way Communication Note:

RXD : Receive Data
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RS-232C (CONT.)
DATA
3 3
(RXD)
HANDSHAKING
4 4
(RQS)
SIGNAL GROUND
7 7
(SG)

HANDSHAKING
20 20
(DTR)

DCE DTE

Note:
DTR : Data Terminal Ready
One Way Communication
RQS : Request to Send
with Handshaking
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RS-232C (CONT.)
TXD
2 2

CTS
5 5

6 DSR 6

SG
7 7

DCE DTE

Note:
TXD : Transmit Data
Transmission from DTE to DCE
DSR : Data Set Ready
CTS : Clear to Send
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RS-232C (CONT.)
TXD
2 2
RXD
3 3
RQS
4 4
CTS
5 5
DSR
6 6
SG
7 7
CD
8 8
DTR
20 20
RI
21 21
DCE DTE
Two Way Communication with Note:
All Handshaking Connections CD : Carrier Detect
RI : Ring Indicator