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Revision History
Purpose This manual describes the system structure and principle, ser-
vice functions, technical indices, networking and configuration of
BS8900 outdoor UMTS macro BTS.
What Is in This This manual contains nine chapters that are briefed below.
Manual
Chapter Description
Overview
Table of Contents
System Position in Network.................................................. 1
System Features ................................................................ 1
Services and Functions........................................................ 3
System Features
BS8900 has the following features:
� BTS functions
both FWDR and DDT, both FWDR and DPCT, or both FWDR
and downlink transmitting diversity.
� Installation and maintenance
� BS8900 product includes outdoor RU support cabinet, BBU
support cabinet, and battery cabinet. The cabinets can be
stacked or installed in parallel. They are easy to install. You
can flexibly select the cabinet combination and installation
methods in practice.
� External cables are led in through the cabinet bottom.
� Green Design
BS8900 PA module uses the advanced green technologies,
such as Doherty, DPD, and Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier
(MCPA), which improve the PA efficiency.
� Outdoor environment adaptability
BS8900 outdoor cabinet has good sealing performance, to pro-
tect the equipment from water, dust, burglary, rodent nui-
sance, and electromagnetic interference. It complies with IP55
protection standard and meets lightning protection grade B+C.
It can be applied in various outdoor environments.
The BS8900 design ensures that the overall equipment can ef-
fectively dissipate heat. Also, it uses the inner heating technol-
ogy to guarantee normal operation at low temperature. These
measures enhance the environment adaptability, reduce the
power consumption, and protect the environment.
� Frequency hopping
BS8900 supports GSM baseband frequency hopping and RF fre-
quency hopping.
� Power control
BS8900 supports downlink carrier power control and imple-
ments 6-level static power control and 15-level dynamic power
control in GSM/EDGE mode.
� Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)
BS8900 supports discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode.
This reduces the transmitter power and general signal inter-
ference level in the air.
� Modulation mode
Depending on the modulation commands issued by the base
station controller, BS8900 supports multiple modulation
modes, such as GMSK, 8-PSK, QPSK, and 16-QAM.
� Transmitting diversity and receiving diversity
In GSM mode, BS8900 supports downlink transmitting diver-
sity, two-way/four-way diversity receptions. It also supports
the four-antenna IRC technology.
� IRC switch control
BS8900 can enable and disable the interference-removal func-
tion through software. After the function is disabled, the sys-
tem can be restored to the state before the disabling operation
is performed.
� IP Abis interface
IP function is supported at Abis interface.
� GPS network-wide synchronization
The GPS module is embedded in the baseband unit. The GPS
clock is taken as the standard clock source for the entire base
station to realize the network-wide synchronization in GSM sys-
tem.
� Carrier license control
BS8900 performs license control for multi-carrier-module car-
rier, which can be commissioned according to a carrier.
� Electrical antenna
BS8900 supports electrical antenna and Tower Mounted Am-
plifier (TMA).
� Viterbi code translation algorithm
The receiving end uses Viterbi code translation algorithm to
increase the system receiving sensitivity and channel decoding
capability.
� Co-BCCH technology
BS8900 supports Co-BCCH technology. Co-BCCH is mainly
used in dual-band cells. The dual-band cell refers to a cell
supporting two frequency bands and different bands using a
BCCH.
System Structure
Table of Contents
Hardware Structure ............................................................ 7
Software Structure ............................................................. 8
Hardware Structure
System Composition
Figure 2 shows the composition of base station system.
Software Structure
Figure 3 shows the general architecture of software system.
Table of Contents
Protocol Interfaces.............................................................11
Physical Interfaces.............................................................18
Protocol Interfaces
Figure 4 shows the system protocol interfaces.
Abis Interface
Abis is the interface between BTS and BSC.
Interface This interface supports all services provided to users and supports
Functions signaling transmitting and connection function. It especially sup-
ports radio resource management, including BTS radio equipment
control and allocation.
Interface Abis supports the following physical interfaces:
Implementation
� GE (Gigabit Ethernet) interface
It can be GE fiber interface or GE RJ45 interface. In this case,
BTS and BSC are connected through Ethernet cables. The net-
work ports for BTS and BSC are GE interface with 1000M band-
width. It has the adaptive rate, 10/100/1000 Mbps.
� E1/T1 Interface
With E1/T1 interface, BTS and BSC are connected through sin-
gle E1 cable with 2.048M bandwidth or single T1 coaxial cable
with 1.544M bandwidth.
Protocol Hierarchy The following part describes user plane protocols and control plane
protocols respectively.
� Control plane protocols
i. Figure 5 shows the control plane protocol stack at Abis in-
terface Under the Ethernet transmission mode.
Um Interface
Um is the radio interface between BTS and MS.
Interface MS connects the fixed parts in the network through radio channel,
Functions so the communication services can be done in subscriber access
network. To interconnect MS and BTS, a series of definitions are
set up for signal transmission over radio channel. The definitions
form the specification, that is, Um interface.
Protocol Hierarchy Um interface is designed with a hierarchical model. Figure 9 shows
the hierarchical structure of circuit service protocol.
Relevant Protocols � GSM 04.03: describes the channel structure and access capa-
bility at Um interface.
� GSM 04.04: specifies the structure at physical layer at Um
interface.
� GSM 04.05: specifies the protocol at data link layer at Um
interface.
� GSM 04.08: specifies the layer-3 protocols at Um interface.
Interface Um interface is implemented through the antenna feeder system
Implementation of BTS, mainly including feeder cables and antennas.
Iub Interface
In 3GPP, Iub is the interface between Node B and RNC.
Interface Lub interface performs the following functions:
Functions
� Transmission resource management
� Maintenance management
� O&M transmission
� System information management
� Public channel resource management
� Dedicated channel resource management
� Downlink shared channel resource management
� Timing and synchronization management
Interface Iub interface supports the following physical ports:
Implementation
� GE (Gigabit Ethernet) optical port
Full-IP Protocol Figure 12 shows the full-IP transmission protocol at Iub. If E1/T1
Hierarchy or Ethernet is used at the bottom layer link, the protocol stack
differs.
Uu Interface
Un is an air interface. The information exchange at Uu interface
is implemented by the antenna feeder system (mainly including
feeder and antenna) of Node B.
BS8900 performs the following functions at Uu interface:
� Broadcasting, paging, and radio connection with UE.
� Handover decision and execution, power control decision and
execution.
� Radio resource management and control.
Physical Interfaces
Table 3 describes the main internal and external interfaces in the
system.
Clock RF CC 1, GPS or
source interface BITS-2MHz input
Working Principle
Table of Contents
Working Principle...............................................................21
Signal Flow .......................................................................23
Ventilation Principle ...........................................................26
Working Principle
From the view of logical functional architecture of BS8900, the
base station system comprises two parts: Base Band Unit (BBU)
and Radio System Unit (RSU), which communicate with each other
via IQ data and OAM signaling on fiber. Figure 13 shows the hard-
ware system architecture of BS8900.
Fan subrack Fan subrack accommodates the following two different subsys-
tems: BFAN in BC shelf and RFAN in RC shelf. Both use FCE5
board but the control objects are different. In addition to smoke,
flood, door access, and lightning protection module, BFAN in BC
shelf also monitors door access of PC cabinet and thermoelectric
cooler alarm. Meanwhile, it also controls the inner and outer cy-
cling fan for heat exchanger. In addition to flood, door access,
lightning protection, RFAN in RC shelf also controls outer cycling
fan for RSU.
Power distribution ADPD1 does the AC & DC power distribution and switch control for
subrack whole machine.
Signal Flow
System Service Signal Flow
Figure 14 shows the service data flow.
Note:
If Abis/Iub uses the E1/TI interface, you shall transfer and pro-
tect the signal via SA board. If Abis/Iub uses GE interface, di-
rectly connect it to CC.
In Figure 16, the clock reference of CC board comes from GPS net-
work. The clock reference of CC board can be: GPS output clock
reference, upper-level clock synchronized with Abis/Iub E1/T1, or
BITS reference clock input from CC front panel. You can select dif-
ferent clock reference sources based on the specific applications.
Ventilation Principle
Heat dissipation in The cooling air in RC8911A cabinet comes from the back, blows
RC8911A cabinet from RSU top to bottom, and goes out from the bottom.
Heat dissipation in The heat dissipation in BC8910A cabinet is implemented by heat
BC8910A cabinet exchanger doing the dissipation with ambient. The front and rear
air ducts for power rectifier, BBU and transmission devices are the
air ducts at left and right sides.
Heat dissipation in Heat dissipation in RC8910A cabinet is the same as that in
RC8910A cabinet RC8911A cabinet.
Heat dissipation in PC8910A cabinet dissipates the heat by natural mode or fan.
PC8910A cabinet
System Maintenance
Mode
Table of Contents
Maintenance Overview .......................................................27
Introduction to Maintenance Functions .................................28
Maintenance Overview
The maintenance involves local maintenance and remote mainte-
nance. Figure 17 shows the networking structure of maintenance
system.
� Remote maintenance
In remote maintenance, NetNumen M31 is connected with
OMM on RNC, and then connected with the base station at
Abis/Iub to implement operation and maintenance.
� Local maintenance
In local maintenance, PC is directly connected with the base
station through Ethernet cable to implement operation and
maintenance.
Introduction to Maintenance
Functions
The user interface (UI) of remote maintenance system uses the
topology structure. On the user interface, user can view the in-
formation of various NEs in whole network. The user can select
the NE to be maintained and check its performance data, alarm
information, and configuration data. The user also can perform
maintenance for some NEs on the topology. It mainly provides
the Telecom network management functions:
� Configuration management
User can add, query, delete, modify, and check data consis-
tency for physical and radio resource data. It supports static
and dynamic data configuration.
� Security management
It ensures that only authorized user can perform the proper
command set actions.
� Performance management
It provides performance analysis, call tracing, and signaling
tracing.
� Version management
The user can view hardware/software version running at fore-
ground by NetNumen M31. User can download the software at
background to upgrade the software at foreground.
� Fault management
It includes alarm management and diagnosis test. It can cen-
trally monitor the operation state about the base station and
collect the information of exceptional boards and links in real
time. So, the operation and maintenance staff can easily do
analysis, maintenance, and correction.
Networking and
Configuration
Table of Contents
Networking Description ......................................................29
Configuration Description....................................................31
Networking Description
Star Networking
Application Star networking is suitable for common application scenarios.
Scenario Generally, it is used in urban areas with dense population.
Networking Mode In star networking, each site has n transmission links that directly
connect BSC/RNC with BTS. The BTS equipment on each site is
terminal equipment. Figure 18 shows the star networking mode.
Benefit and The networking mode is simple, easy maintenance and engineer-
Weakness ing, less loops passed by the signal, and the more reliable. How-
Chain Networking
Application The chain networking is usually applied in strip-shaped areas with
Scenario sparse population, such as areas along the highway and railway.
Networking Mode To avoid clock performance degradation, it is recommended not to
cascade more than 4 BTSs in the chain networking mode. Figure
19 shows the chain networking of BS8900.
Ring Networking
Application Ring networking can be applied in common application scenarios.
Scenario In normal case, because the ring networking has good self-healing
capability, it is usually recommended to use the ring networking
mode if route permits.
Networking Mode In case of some parts of the ring being broken, the ring changes to
two rings. Figure 20 shows the ring networking mode of BS8900.
Benefit and Ring networking is more reliable than chain networking. The for-
Weakness mer has a stronger self-healing capability. If a link in the ring is
broken, the ring network can restore to chain network automati-
cally. Also, the service is not affected.
Configuration Description
Configuration Principle
This section describes the configuration of whole system, base-
band layer and RF layer.
System Table 6 describes the configuration of subrack and function layer.
Configuration
TABLE 6 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Layer/Su-
Cabinet Qty Description
brack
ADPD1 1 Required in AC
BFAN 1 Mandatory
subrack
1U cable 1 Mandatory
trough
LPU 1 Mandatory
BPC 1~5 � Set UBPG board in GSM and set BPC board in
UMTS.
UBPG 1~5 � You can set up to 5 UBPG+BPC boards.
� A UBPG can handle 12 TRXs.
� A BPC supports 3CS, and provides 128 CE for
both uplink and downlink.
SA 1 Mandatory
PM 2 Mandatory
FA 1 Mandatory
SE 1 Optional
Typical Configuration
Table 9 lists the typical configuration of BS8900.
Reliability
Table of Contents
Hardware Reliability ...........................................................35
Software Reliability ............................................................35
Hardware Reliability
The hardware reliability is achieved through the following aspects.
1. Hard Reset the Board
When the board cannot be reset by software, you can reset the
board by CC. CC can control BPC, FS and SA. Other boards are
not controlled.
2. Online board detection function
CC can learn if the board is proper by checking the communi-
cation with different boards. For more reliable detection, CC
can also do the online detection for different boards through
backplane or wiring at baseband layer.
3. Anti-reverse board function
When board is inserted reversely, the reversed board can not
properly contact the backplane and may damage the equip-
ment.
4. It provides the functions of overvoltage, overcurrent, and re-
verse power polarity prevention.
5. Backup policy
� CC (master control, clock, switching network) supports 1+1
hot active/standby mode.
� BBU uses the conception of resource pool. Baseband board
supports load sharing.
� The FS board supports load sharing.
Software Reliability
The following functions are provided to guarantee software relia-
bility.
Indices
Table of Contents
System Capacity ...............................................................37
Working Frequency ............................................................37
RF Output Power ...............................................................38
Static Receiving Sensitivity .................................................38
EMC.................................................................................39
Dry Contact Capacity .........................................................39
Transmission Capacity ........................................................39
Grounding Resistance.........................................................40
System Capacity
The system capacity is as follows:
� Support up to 60 TRXs in GSM.
� Support up to 30 CSs in UMTS.
� Support 36 GSM TRXs and 12 UMTS CSs in dual mode.
Working Frequency
The system supports GSM 850/900/1800/1900 MHz, EGSM and
UMTS 850/900/1800/1900/2100 MHz. The frequency range is as
follows:
� 900 MHz
Frequency range in uplink (transmitted by MS and received by
BS): 880~915 MHz.
Frequency range in downlink (transmitted by BS and received
by MS): 925~960 MHz.
� EGSM frequency
Frequency range in uplink (transmitted by MS and received by
BS): 880~915 MHz.
Frequency range in downlink (transmitted by BS and received
by MS): 925~960 MHz.
� 850 MHz
RF Output Power
Table 10 describes the RF output power.
EMC
The equipment meets the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) re-
quirements based on the following standards:
� ETSI EN 301 489-01
� ETSI EN 301 489-23
� ETSI EN 301 489-26 (V2.2.1)
Note:
Where, ETSI EN 301 489-01 is the general EMC standard about
radio equipment. This standard gives the related definitions about
all radio equipment, all test items, test methods, and harassment
test limits. EN 301 489-23 and EN 301 489-26 describe the defini-
tions about UMTS base station and its auxiliary equipment, includ-
ing test items, methods to set up test environment, and criteria of
anti-interference test.
Transmission Capacity
Table 11 describes the system transmission capacity.
Grounding Resistance
The grounding resistance of BS8900 shall be no more than 5 ohms.
Compliant Standards
Table of Contents
Communication Standards ..................................................41
Other Standards................................................................42
Communication Standards
Table 12 lists the compliant standards.
SN Name Version
3GPP TS 25.901 Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC) from UTRAN to 6.1.0
GERAN; Network side aspects
3GPP TS 45.002 Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path 4.8.0
SN Name Version
ITU-T I.432.2 155 520 kbit/s and 622 080 kbit/s operation -
RFC0768 UDP -
RFC0791 IP -
RFC0793 TCP -
Other Standards
Table 13 lists other standards.
SN Name
ETSI EN 301 489-01 V1.5.1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for
radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical
requirements
ETSI EN 301 489-23 V1.2.1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for
radio equipment and services; Part 23: Specific conditions
for IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread (UTRA) Base Station (BS)
radio, repeater and ancillary equipment
ETSI EN 301 489-26 V2.2.1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for
radio equipment and services; Part26: Specific conditions
SN Name
for IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-carrier Base Stations and ancillary
equipment
ETSI EN 301 908-01 V1.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Base Stations (BS) and User Equipment (UE) for
IMT-2000 Third Generation cellular networks; Part 1:
Harmonized EN for IMT-2000, introduction and common
requirements of article 3.2 of the R & TTE Directive
ETSI EN 301 908-04 V1.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Base Stations (BS) and User Equipment (UE)
for IMT-2000 Third Generation cellular networks; Part
4: Harmonized EN for IMT-2000, CDMA Multi-Carrier
(cdma2000) (UE) covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of the R & TTE Directive
16-QAM
- 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
8-PSK
- 8-Phase Shift Keying
BITS
- Building Integrated Timing Supply
BSC
- Base Station Controller
BTS
- Base Transceiver Station
CC
- Control and Clock Module
CDMA
- Code Division Multiple Access
CN
- Core Network
DPD
- Digital Pre-Distortion
DTX
- Discontinuous Transmission
EDGE
- Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
FS
- Fabric Switch Module
GMSK
- Gaussian filtered Minimum Shift Keying
GPS
- Global Positioning System
GSM
- Global System for Mobile Communication
IPCP
- IP Control Protocol
IRC
- Interference Rejection Combining
LPU
- Line Lighting Protection Unit
LTE
- Long Term Evolution
MAC
- Medium Access Control
MCPA
- Multi-Carrier Power Amplifier
MS
- Mobile Station
Node B
- Node B
PPP
- Point to Point Protocol
QPSK
- Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RNC
- Radio Network Controller
RTP
- Real-time Transport Protocol
SA
- Site Alarm Module
SCTP
- Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SDR
- Software Defined Radio
UE
- User Equipment
UMTS
- Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
WiMAX
- Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access