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  • Aci 308R-01

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    Irshad Mohammed
    2K vizualizări31 pagini
    Curing Concrete is the process by which concrete matures and develops hardened pn. The rate at which this drvciopment lakes plu'e depends on the natura! environment surrounding the concrete. And the mea.wrcs takvn to modh: this environment h' fjmitinr.: the loss otwatcr. Heat. Or both.

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    ACI 308R-01

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    Curing Concrete is the process by which concrete matures and develops hardened pn. The rate at which this drvciopment lakes plu'e depends on the natura! environment surrounding the concrete. And the mea.wrcs takvn to modh: this environment h' fjmitinr.: the loss otwatcr. Heat. Or both.

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    2K vizualizări31 pagini

    Aci 308R-01

    Încărcat de

    Irshad Mohammed
    Curing Concrete is the process by which concrete matures and develops hardened pn. The rate at which this drvciopment lakes plu'e depends on the natura! environment surrounding the concrete. And the mea.wrcs takvn to modh: this environment h' fjmitinr.: the loss otwatcr. Heat. Or both.

    Drepturi de autor:

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    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    din 31
    Guide to Cui ACI 3 ring Concrete Reported by ACI Committee 308 Steven Gebler esi Joves Stina ‘Serene on arogne Gene. Mi imc Pegalhy Jongh Cai eds P Hola Wiliams. Fheoo James N- Core Doug Husa Reber Pe” opal L Diy Keonethe Hover Lary Rote Joaaitaa Dons Iho. Huey Pip Sovak Ben Edwards rank 8. Koreas Lake St Desvk Fk Tamer A Lee Joel tuckse Jeane H. Fost Dat Mamet Pek M4. Wana SidFreeiran Beyont Maher Jeb aya ile J, Hal Cato Meat Swat Heine H. Colle Oxi he rm “eum” Peau ase to uci the prover by whic Irstin-cemeut cone more and drops harden preter ser tine eu 7s fhe conned hpdrnion a he coment th protons of| Sion mater sant heat hl concrats caree to aig feel of natant nt ms hehe a ee declare aes Sn the atu ese arena the come and he ment ako nlf sent fi he oe a te ato Bth fh the rome wera proving mote and eat i werd rn" wed are thc tao as) mec 2d tomperare evans in fre placed cements mare oa ‘iholircomnt Apdrtion amt appcabe, polactine 2 wa he pte properties of ts mare may deel. iro ims thin pete commons aster praca, Ut wots sche Made vs ven caving pet tesa pone fo tae in a fv as ete Carns muse for sc specie gris of comet pda ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practies, ‘nd Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction, This | document is tetended for the use of adivitals whe are competent Io evaluate the significance and Limitations of its content and revaramendations and who Will accept r2- sponsibility forthe application ofthe mateial contains The American Concree institute disclaims any and all re sponsibility for the stated principles. The Institute sh ‘not be Fable for any loss or damage arising therefrom. Reference 1 this document shall mot he zaade in con- tract documents. If tems found inthis dacurent ace dee sited by the Architest‘Enginger to be a part othe contract ocumtemts, they shall be cessatod in mandatory language Fo incomparation by the Architect Engineer re dscassed in hide Co moar eer ae spied fo aCd 3081 Caring means vt oar the mh at econ comireeemparatare uk see cae faced bs goer bx Commies 29° ad 399 0 Had Cold Wearter Conereing, nyt nd ACE Conte Sand 81%, Kerword: sold wenherconeecurng:cunng cman wate sfeeen seme fel concen aboard, CONTENTS Lt Imtroduetion 1.2. Definition ofensing 1.3—Curing, and the hydration of portland cement 3 [Hydration of port 132. The need for curing 1.3.3. Moisture coatol and cemperarite eonmecl 14 When delibetae curing procedures are required sid come LA. Natural conditions 14.2 Sequence and timing uf euring steps for unformed surfaces 1.43 When curing is requited tor formed surtaces 14.4 Wren ening is required: cold and ot weather 1.4.5—Duration of curing 1.5—The euring-affected zone 1.6—Conerete properties influenecd by curing Ac} a ae igi rang Cnt Esch Sd gt ie Sri nt eat at ng oer ena 2.1 Scope 2.2-—Use of water for curing concrete 2.3 Initial curing methods 2a1 Fexging 23.2--Lignié-applied evaporation redvesrs 2.4—Final euting measures 24.1 Final euring measures based on the application of water 24.2 Final curing methods based on moisture retention 2.8. Termination ofcuring measures 2.6--Coldeweather protective and curing 2.6.L Protection against rapid érving in cold weather 26.2 Protection against frost damage 26.3 Rate of concrete strengih development in cotd swcather 2.6.4 Removal of cold-weather protection 2.7 Hotwveather protection and curing 2.4 Accelerated curing 2.9 Minimum curing requirements 2.9.1—General 2.9.2-—Factors influencing reguired duration oPcuring 3.4--Pavements and ather slabs om ground 341 General 3.1.2—Curing procedures 33--Daration of euring 3.2 _ Buildings, bridges, and other structures 3.2.1—General 3.2.2 Curing procsdures 3.2.3—Daration of euring 3.3--Mass concrete 33. —Cieneral 3.3.2 Methods and duration of curing 3.3 Form removal and curing formed surfaces 34 Curing colored concrete floors and slabs 3.5. Otuor constructions 4.1 General 4.2. Evaluating the environmental conditions in. which the coneree is placed 4.2.1 Estimating evaporation rate 4.3—Means to verity she spplication of uring 44 Quantiative measures ofthe impact of curing proce- lures on the immediate enviranmest 4.3 Quantiative measures ofthe iompact of curing pro dures on moisture and temperature 46—Maturity method 4.?—Measuring physical properties of concrete affected by temperature and moisture control to assess curing ellectivensss S.l—Referenced standards and reports 5.2—Cited references [ACI COMMITTEE REPORT CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION 1.4ntroduction This guide reviews and describes the state oF the art for ‘curing conevete and provides guislanoe for specitving curing: procedures. Curing prsclices, procedures, materials. and ‘monitoring methods are described, Although the principles ‘and practices of curing discussed in this guide are applica bie wall types of concrete consiruciton. this docurtent does fot specifically address highetomperature or highepresre accelerates curing, 1.2_Definition of curing "The term “curing” is frequently used to describe the process by which hyaraulie-cement concrete matures und develops hardened properties over time asa tesuit ofthe continued hy ration uf the cement in the presence of sufficient water and heat. While al concrete cures 10 varying levels of manurity ‘with time, the rate at which this develupment takes place de pends on the uatueal cavironment sercounding the concrete land on the measures taker 10 modi’ this eavironmont by lunsiting the loss of water, heal or both, frern the concrete. or Dy extemal providing moisture and heat. The teem “e ing” is also used to describe the action taken 4 mainain i and termperature conditions in a Teskly placed ce. _mentitions mixture to allow bydraukieseement hydration and, fapplicabie, pozzelanic reactions to occur s0 atthe poten=| "ual properties of the misture may’ develop (ACI 116R anil ASTM C 125).(A mixture is properly proportioned and al cequately cured when the potentiak properties of the mixture are achieved and equal or exceed the desired yroperties ot the conerete.) The eiting perid is defined as tke time peciod beginning at placing, chrouggh eonsolidetion and finishing, and extending until the desired concrete praperties have de= veloped. rhe objectives of curing are to prevent the loss of moisture from concrete nd, when needed, supply addiional moisture and maintain a favorable concrete temperature for a sufficient period of time, Proper exring allows the eemen risions macerial within the eoacrere @ property hydrate. Ky: ration cefers tothe chentieal and paysieal changes thar take lace when portland cement reaets with Water ot participates iva pozzolanic reaction, Beth at depth aad nea the suelaoe, curing has a significant influence on the properties af hard ‘ened conerets, such as strength, permeability, abrasion ress tanec, volmne stability, and resistance to teeing and ‘thawing, andl deicing chemicals 1.3—Curing and the hydration of portland cement LB Hydration of portiond cemenr—Pertland cement conezete in a exmposite material in which aggregates are ‘bound in « porous matrix of hardened cement paste, At the microscale, the hardened paste is held together by Ronuls | that develop heewesn the praducts of the ceaction at cement ‘with water. Similar products are formed from the reactions Detween cement, water, and other cementitious materials ‘The cement-valet reaction includes both chetsiesl snd shysical processes shat are collectively known as the hyde tion of the cement (aylor 1997), as the hydration process continues, the srangth of the interparticle honding increases, ‘GUIDE TO CURING CONCRETE sind te interparticle porosity decreases. Figure 1.1 shows particles of unbydrated postland cement abserved though a Scanning electron microscope. In contrast Fig. Ll, big. 1.2 shows the development of hydration products and interpariiele bonding in parcally hydrated cement. Figure 1.3 shows a single particle of partlly hydrated portand cement. The surface of the particle is covered wit the products of hydra- tion in 4 deasely packed, randomly oriented mass known as the cement gel. In hydration, water is reqnived for the chemical formation of the gel products and for filling the iieropozes that develop between the gel products as they are ‘ng forined (Powers and Brownyard 947: Powers 194R). The rate and extent of hydration depend on the availability of ‘water. Parcott and Killo® {1984) found that as cement paste comes to equilibrium with at at successively lower relative humidity (R¥0, the rate of cement hydration dropped signi icantly. Coment in equiliteioes with air at 80% RH hydrated atonly 10% the rate 4s companion specimens ina 100% RH curing environment. Therefore, euring procedures ensure thot seffictent water is available to the cement to sustain the rateinnd degree of hydration necessary to achieve the desired cconetete properties at the required time ‘The water commed in the formation of the gel products 4s known as the chemically hound water, or hydrate water, and its ammount varies with cement composition and the con: ‘tions orhyutration. A mass fraction of erween 0.21 0 0.28 ‘of chemically hound water is required to hydrate # wnit mass ‘of cement (Powers and Brownyard 1947; Copeland, Kant, and Verbeek L960; Mills 1966). An avorage value is approx: ianately 0.25 (Kosmatiza and Panarese 1988; Powers 194%). As seem in Fig, [.2 and 1.3. the gel that surrounds the hy ‘raced cement particles is a porous, randornly oriented mass Besides the hydrate water, additinmal water is adsorbed onto the surtaces ard in the interlayer spaces of the layered wel structuse during the hydration process. This is known as Physically bound water, or gel water, Gel water is typically present i all concrete im servies, even under dry ambicat ‘conditions, a5 its removal at atmospheric pressure requires heating the hardened cement paste to 10S C (221 F} (Neville 1996). The amount of gel water adsorbed onto the expanding surface ef the hydration proguess and im the gel pores is about equal 9 the amount that is (chemically) combined with the cement” (Powers 194%), The atnount of gel water hhas been calewlated more precisely to be a mass fraction of about 0.20 of the mass af hydrated cement (Powers 194%; Pawers and Brownyerd 1947; Conk 1992; Taylor 1997). Both the Wyttrate water and physically adsarbed gel water ore distinct sa the microstructure of the hardened cement paste, yet both are required concurrently as portland cement ‘cures. Neville (1986) writes that continued hydration of the «cement is possible “enly when sufficient water i available ‘ati forthe elemical reactions and for the filling of the get pores being formed.” Theamount of water consumed in the hy

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