JAZZ Tutorial

This Jazz tutorial is a reminder of Jazz

Techniques.

Have fun.

Gargoyle
 JAZZ Tutorial
How is made the natural scale (Physical scale) ?

1f 5/4f 3/2f 2f 5/2f 3f 4f 5f 6f 7f 8f

C1 E1 G1 C2 E2 G2 C3 E3 G3 ? C4

2/3f 10/12f 1f 3/2f 15/8f 9/4f

F0 A0 C1 G1 B1 D2

fn+1/fn 9/8 10/9 16/15 9/8 10/9 9/8 16/15

1f 9/8f 5/4f 4/3f 3/2f 5/3f 15/8f 2f
Natural scale C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 A1 B1 C2

The « C » major scale is made of:

 C chord (C-E-G), =>1f, 5/4f, 3/2f
 F chord (F-A-C) , =>4/3f, 5/3f, 2f
 G chord (G-B-D). =>3/2f, 15/8f, 9/4f

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Tempered scale

Notes C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 A1 B1 C2

Ecart 1,125 1,111 1,067 1,125 1,111 1,125 1,067

Ecart 9/8 10/9 16/15 9/8 10/9 9/8 16/15
Fréquence Gamme Naturelle 1 1,125 1,25 1,33333 1,5 1,66667 1,875 2
Fréquence Gamme Naturelle 1f 9/8f 5/4f 4/3f 3/2f 5/3f 15/8f 2f

Ecart 1,122 1,122 1,059 1,122 1,122 1,122 1,059

Ecart 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/12) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/12)
Fréquences gamme Tempérée 1,000 1,059 1,122 1,189 1,260 1,335 1,414 1,498 1,587 1,682 1,782 1,888 2,000

Delta% (F Nat-F Temp)/F Temp 0,00% -0,23% 0,79% 0,11% -0,11% 0,90% 0,68% 0,00%
Rang des demis-tons 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Racine Douzième de 2: 1,059

Racine Douzieme de 2 au carré: 2^(1/6) 1,12246

The tempered scale was necessary to perform tone

shift.
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 JAZZ Tutorial
The Intervals in a major scale

1 C 1  Whole-tone (wt)
wt  Semi-tones (st)
2 D
wt 3m
3 E 3
st
4 F
wt 5b
5 G 5
wt 5#
6 A 7Dim
wt 7
7 B 7M
st
8 C 8

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 JAZZ Tutorial
The Intervals including 9, 11, 13

1 C 1 You will pay attention to

wt the equivalence between:
2 9 D 9 4th and 11th
wt 3m 6th and 7Dim and 13th
3 E 3
st
4 11 F 4, 11
wt 5b
5 G 5
wt 5#
6 13 A 6, 7Dim, 13
wt 7
7 B 7M
st
8 C 8
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 JAZZ Tutorial
The degrees of C Major Scale
I II III IV V VI VII
C Major C 7Maj D m7
C 1
Em 7 F7Maj G7 Am 7 Bm7 5b
7Maj => C, F (I, IV)
D 1 m7 => D, E, A (II, III,
E 3 1 VI)
F 3m 1
7 => G (V)
G 5 3m 1

A 5 3 1 75b => B (VII)

Remark:
B 7M 5 3 1
C 7 5 3m The fifth is always 3.5 Wt from the
fundamental except for the last degree
D 7 5 3m (Bm75b).

E 7M 5
F 7 5b

G 7

A 7

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 JAZZ Tutorial
C Harmonic Minor (Eb relative)
I II III IV V VI VII
Harmonic Cm 7M Dm 75b Eb 7M5+ Fm 7 G7 Ab 7Maj B 7Dim
C 1

E 1
Eb 3m 1

F 3m 1

G 5 3 1
Ab 5b 3m 1

B 7M 5# 3 1
C 7 5 3

D 7M 5 3m
Eb 7 5

F 7 5b

G 7M
Ab 7Dim

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 JAZZ Tutorial
C Melodic Minor (Eb relative)
I II III IV V VI VII
Melodic C m7M D m7 Eb 7M5+ F7 G7 A m75b B m75b
C 1

D 1
Eb 3m 1

F 3m 1

G 5 3 1

A 5 3 1

B 7M 5# 3 1
C 7 5 3m

D 7M 5 3m
Eb 7 5b

F 7 5b

G 7

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Major, Harmonic & Melodic Scales

I II III IV V VI VII
C Major C 7Maj D m7 Em 7 F7Maj G7 Am 7 Bm7 5b

C Harmonic Cm 7M Dm 75b Eb 7M5+ Fm 7 G7 Ab 7Maj B 7Dim

C Melodic C m7M D m7 Eb 7M5+ F7 G7 A m75b B m75b

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Major & Minor Scales
8 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Major C D E F G A B
Lydien (G) C D E F+ G A B
Lydien b7 C D E F+ G A B- C Lydien b7 = G Melodic Minor
Myxolidien (F) C D E F G A B- Idem Major b7
Major

Major Pentatonic C D E G A
Tonic C D E F+ G+ A+

Melodic Minor C D E- F G A B C Melodic Minor = F Lydien b7

Harmonic Minor C D E- F G A- B
Dorian (Bb) C D E- F G A B- Idem Melodic Minor b7
C D- E- F G A- B-
Minor

Phrygien (Ab)

Minor Pentatonic C E- F G B-
7 Dim C E- G- B--

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Modal scales
1 2,9 3 4,11 5 6,13 7 7M 8
C: Ionian C D E F G A B C C
D: Dorian D E F G A B C D C m, 7, 9, 13
E: Phrygian E F G A B C D E C m, 7,9-,13-
F: Lydian F G A B C D E F C M, 7M, 9, 11+, 13
G: Mixolydian G A B C D E F G C M, 7, 9, 13
A: Aeolian A B C D E F G A C m, 7,9, 13-
B: Locrian B C D E F G A B C m, 5-, 7,9-,13-

1 2,9 3 4,11 5 6,13 7 7M 8

C: Ionian C D E F G A B C C
C: Dorian C D Eb F G A Bb C Bb m, 7, 9, 13
C: Phrygian C Db Eb F G Ab Bb C Ab m, 7,9-,13-
C: Lydian C D E F+ G A B C G M, 7M, 9, 11+, 13
C: Mixolydian C D E F G A Bb C F M, 7, 9, 13
C: Aeolian C D Eb F G Ab Bb C Eb m, 7,9, 13-
C: Locrian C Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb C Db m, 5-, 7,9-,13-

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JAZZ Tutorial
Example of tonal Analysis
 « Blusette » Chord tonal analysis

1 1 G 7Maj Em7 F#m75b B7 (DS Em7) G

5 Em7 A9 D
7 Dm7 G7 C7 7Maj C6 C
11 Cm7 F9 Bb 7Maj7 Bb 6 Bb
15 Bbm7 Eb9 Ab 7Maj Ab 6 Ab
19 A m11 D13 G
21 B m7 A
22 Bb 7 (Sub E7) A
23 A m7 G
24 Go 1 Ab 7 (Sub D7) G
2 Bm7 E7 A
Go 1 Am 11 D13 G

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Example of tonal Analysis
 « Bluesette » Chord degrees
 You will notice the (I VI VII DS, II V I) cadences

1 1 G.I G.VI G.VII B7 (DS) G

5 D.II D.V D
7 C.II C.V C.I C.I C
11 Bb.II Bb.V Bb.I Bb.I Bb
15 Ab.II Ab.V Ab.I Ab.I Ab
19 G.II G.V G
21 A.II A.V A
23 Go 1 G.II G.V G

2 A.II A.V A
Go 1 G.II G.V G

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Example of tonal Analysis
 « Bluesette » Chord degrees
 It can also be seen as a Em Harmonic (III I II V)

1 1 Em.III Em.I Em.II Em.V Em

5 D.II D.V D
7 C.II C.V C.I C.I C
11 Bb.II Bb.V Bb.I Bb.I Bb
15 Ab.II Ab.V Ab.I Ab.I Ab
19 G.II G.V G
21 A.II A.V A
23 Go 1 G.II G.V G

2 A.II A.V A
Go 1 G.II G.V G

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 JAZZ Tutorial
# & b (sharps and flats)

C# D# E# F# G# A# B#
F# G# A# B C# D# E#
B C# D# E F# G# A#
In green
E F# G# A B C# D#
Sharps appearance
A B C# D E F# G#
D E F# G A B C#
G A B C D E F#
C D E F G A B
F G A Bb C D E
Bb C D Eb F G A
Eb F G Ab Bb C D
In yellow
Ab Bb C Db Eb F G Flats appearance
Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb C
Gb Ab Bb Cb Db Eb F
Cb Db Eb Fb Gb Ab Bb

Scales
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 JAZZ Tutorial
Fourth C
F G
+4 Fifth
F#
+5
Bb
Bb
D
F# C#
Bb Eb

Eb Bb Eb
Ab F# C#
G# A •Turning clockwise you are
going up by an Interval of a
perfect fifth.
Bb Eb
•Turning conterclockwise you
Bb Eb Bb Eb F# C# are going up by an Interval of
Ab Db
Ab Db Ab Db Bb Eb Gb Cb G# D#
a perfect fourth.
E
Gb Ab Db Fb

Ab F# C#
G# D#
Gb Cb

F# C#
F# C#
A# E# G# D#
G# D#

B
B# A#

C#
A# E#

F# Cb
Db
Gb
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JAZZ Tutorial
 Flats and Sharps appearance
 Did you notice that the order of Sharps is
exactly the same that Flats but backwards
 Also, the first 4 flats => BEAD !

Flats appearance

BEADGCF
Sharps appearance

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JAZZ Tutorial

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 JAZZ Tutorial
A Harmonic Minor (C relative)
I II III IV V VI VII
Harmonic Am 7M Bm75b C 7M5+ Dm 7 E7 F 7Maj G#7Dim  You will note the
A 1 1.5 wt between 6th
B 1 and 7th degrees which
C 3m 1 is a characteristic of
D 3m 1 the Harmonic minor.
E 5 3 1  This scale is built
F 5b 3m 1 with the C scale
starting by A, the
G# 7M 5# 3 1 provides a 3m for C.
A 7 5 3
Remark:
B 7M 5 3m The fifth is changing frequently
C 7 5 (5,5b,5#)

D 7 5b

E 7M
F 7Dim

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 JAZZ Tutorial
A Melodic Minor (C relative)
I II III IV V VI VII
The A melodic minor
Melodic Am 7M Bm 7 C 7M5+ D7 E7 F#m 75b G#m 75b
A 1
is relative to C,
but it can also be
B 1 seen as a A scale
C 3m 1
(F#,C#,G#)
D 3m 1
with natural C.
E 5 3 1

F# 5 3 1

G# 7M 5# 3 1
A 7 5 3m

B 7M 5 3m
C 7 5b

D 7 5b

E 7

F# 7

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Chord substitution
G7 5
3

7 3 1

3 7

Db 7 1
Db 7 has the same 7
Harmonic function
3
•7th replaced by 3rd
1
•3rd replaced by 7th

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Symmetric scales
On the 6 scales
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 described here, only
C D E F G A B 5 scales are really
symmetric.
12/2=6 ST C F+ The Pentatonic isn’t
really symmetric,
12/3=4 ST C E G+ but it was interesting
to introduce this scale
12/4=3 ST (7 Dim) C D+ F+ A here.

12/5=2,4 ST (Pentatonic) C D E G A

12/6=2 ST (Tonic) C D E F+ G+ A+

12/12=1 ST (Chromatic) C C+ D D+ E F F+ G G+ A A+ B

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Symmetric Guitar Patterns
2 scores (F+, C) per scale.
All intervals of the scale are 3 full tones.

I V VII C
X XII F+
2 T (C, F+) C
F+ C
C F+
F+ C
C F+
F+ C

4 scores (F+, A, C, D+) per scale.

All intervals of the scale are 3 Half tones.
This scale is called a diminished 7th scale.
I V VII C
X XII
D+
4 T (C, D+, F+, A) F+
C A
D+
C
F+ A
D
F+ C D
A
F+ A
C D+
C D+
F+ A
F+ A

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Symmetric Guitar Patterns
3 scores (G+, C, E) or (A+, D, F+) per scale.
All intervals of the scale are 2 full tones.
I F+ G+
V VII X XII
A+
3 T (C, E, G+) C
F+ D
G+ E
A+
F+
E F+
G+ F+ C D
G+ C D
E F+ G+ A+
E G+ A+
C D E F+
C A+
E F+ D
G+ C
G+ C D

6 scores (G+, A+, C, D, E, F+) per scale.

All intervals of the scale are 1 Full tone.
I F+ G+
V A+
VII X XII
6 T (C, D, E, F+, G+, A+) C D G+ E A+ F+
EC F+
D
G+ A+
G+ E
A+ C D A+
F+ G+
E C
F+ D G+ E
A+
F+
C D A+
E F+
G+ C D
G+ A+ C D

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Symmetric Guitar Patterns
4 scores (C, F, F+, B) or also called Tetratonic

I V VII
B C
X XII F F+
4 T (C, F, F+, B) C
F F+ B C
B C F F+
F B
F+ C
B F F+
C
F+ C

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Half/Full tone scale

F+ G G+ A A+ B C C+ D D+ E F F+ G G+ A A+ B C C+ D D+ E F F+ G
Bm75b 7 1 3m 5- 7 1 3m 5-
B7dim=G#dim 7- 1 3m 5- 7- 1 3m 5-

G7 dim => 1/2, 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Versus G7 1 9b 9+ 3 11+ 5 13 7 1

G7 dim => 1, 1/2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Versus G7 7M 1 9 9+ 11 11+ 13b 13 7M 1

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 JAZZ Tutorial
Guitar positions on Dm7 & G7
On Dm7=> F-A-C-E (3, 5, 7, 9)
I V VII X XII
E D E

B C D E A B C D

A B C D E F A

F A B C F

On G7 => Eb-B-Bb-Ab-G (13b, 3, 3m, 9b, 1)

I V VII X XII
E-

B- B

G A-

E-

G A- B

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 JAZZ Tutorial
C Scales patterns
(St, t) pattern => BCD, EFG, …
I V VII X XII
E F G

A B C D

E F G

A B C D

E F G

B C D

(t, st) pattern => ABC, DEF, …

I V VII X XII
D E F G

G A B C

D E F

G A B C

D E F

A B C

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Renversement Am7

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Renversement A7

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Renversement A7Maj

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Renversement Dm7

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Am7, B°, C6, C#°, Dm7

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