OPERADORES VECTORIALES EN DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE

COORDENADAS

Coordenadas cartesianas

dl = dx xˆ + dy yˆ + dz zˆ , dτ = dx dy dz
∂t ∂t ∂t ∂v x ∂v y ∂v z
Gradiente: ∇t = xˆ + yˆ + zˆ . Divergencia: ∇ ⋅ v = + +
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂x ∂y ∂z
 xˆ yˆ zˆ 

 ∂v z ∂v y   ∂v x ∂v z   ∂v y ∂v x  ∂ ∂ ∂
Rotor: ∇ × v =  −  xˆ +  −  yˆ +  −  zˆ = det 
 ∂y ∂z   ∂z ∂x   ∂x ∂y   ∂x ∂y ∂z 
v vy v z 
 x
∂ 2t ∂ 2t ∂ 2t
Laplaciano: ∇ 2 t = + +
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2

Coordenadas esféricas

dl = dr rˆ + rdθ θˆ + r sin θ dϕ φˆ , dτ = r 2 sin θ dr dθ dϕ

∂t 1 ∂t ˆ 1 ∂t
Gradiente: ∇t = rˆ + θ+ φˆ
∂r r ∂θ r sin θ ∂ϕ
1 ∂ 2 ∂ ∂vϕ
Divergencia: ∇ ⋅ v = (r vr ) +
1
(sin θ vθ ) + 1
r ∂r
2
r sin θ ∂θ r sin θ ∂ϕ
Rotor:
 ∂ ∂vθ  1  1 ∂v r ∂ ˆ 1 ∂ ∂v r 
 ∂θ (sin θ vϕ ) − ∂ϕ  rˆ + r  sin θ ∂ϕ − ∂r (rvϕ ) θ + r  ∂r (rvθ ) − ∂θ  φˆ
1
∇×v =
r sin θ
     
1 ∂  2 ∂t  1 ∂  ∂t  1 ∂t
2
Laplaciano: ∇ 2t = 2 r + 2  sin θ + 2 2
r ∂r  ∂r  r sin θ ∂θ  ∂θ  r sin θ ∂ϕ 2

Coordenadas cilíndricas

dl = dρ ρˆ + ρ dϕ φˆ + dz zˆ dτ = ρ dρ dϕ dz
∂t 1 ∂t ∂t
Gradiente: ∇t = ρˆ + φˆ + zˆ
∂ρ ρ ∂ϕ ∂z

Divergencia: ∇ ⋅ v =
1 ∂
(ρv ρ ) + 1 ∂vϕ + ∂v z
ρ ∂ρ ρ ∂ϕ ∂z
 1 ∂v z ∂vϕ   ∂v ρ ∂v z  1∂ ∂v ρ 
Rotor: ∇ × v =  −  ρˆ +  −  φˆ +  (ρ vϕ ) − zˆ
 ρ ∂ϕ ∂z   ∂z ∂ρ  ρ  ∂ρ ∂ϕ 
1 ∂  ∂t  1 ∂ 2 t ∂ 2 t
Laplaciano: ∇ 2 t = ρ + +
ρ ∂ρ  ∂ρ  ρ 2 ∂ϕ 2 ∂z 2
 IDENTIDADES VECTORIALES
f , g son campos escalares, A, B, C son campos vectoriales

Productos triples
(1) A ⋅ (B × C) = B ⋅ (C × A ) = C ⋅ (A × B )
(2) A × (B × C) = B(A ⋅ C ) − C(A ⋅ B )

Derivación de productos
(3) ∇( fg ) = f (∇g ) + g (∇f )
(4) ∇(A ⋅ B ) = A × (∇ × B ) + B × (∇ × A ) + (A ⋅ ∇ )B + (B ⋅ ∇ )A
(5) ∇ ⋅ ( fA ) = f (∇ ⋅ A ) + A ⋅ (∇f )
(6) ∇ ⋅ (A × B ) = B ⋅ (∇ × A ) − A ⋅ (∇ × B )
(7) ∇ × ( fA ) = f (∇ × A ) − A × (∇f )
(8) ∇ × (A × B ) = (B ⋅ ∇ )A − (A ⋅ ∇ )B + A (∇ ⋅ B ) − B(∇ ⋅ A )

Segundas derivadas
(9) ∇ ⋅ (∇ × A ) = 0
(10) ∇ × (∇f ) = 0
(11) ∇ × (∇ × A ) = ∇(∇ ⋅ A ) − ∇ 2 A

TEOREMAS FUNDAMENTALES
b
Teorema del gradiente: ∫ (∇f ) ⋅ dl = f (b) − f (a)
a

Teorema de la divergencia o de Gauss: ∫ (∇ ⋅ A ) dτ = ∫ A ⋅ da

Teorema del rotor o de Stokes: ∫ (∇ × A )⋅ da = ∫ A ⋅ dl