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PEDIATRIE
PEDIATRIE
I. Factori endogeni
1. Factori genetici:
- efect direct – schelet- crestere staturala
- efect indirect – asupra sistemului endocrin
2. Factori endocrini:
- hormon Somatotrop (STH)
- hormonii tiroidieni T4, T3
- androgenii – osificarea epifizara
- estrogenii – maturare osoasa, inhiba STH
- glucocorticoizii – inhiba cresterea prin supresia STH
CRESTEREA PONDERALA
G.N. = 2800-3500g : supraponderal- 4000g
subponderal- 2800-2500g
Sub 2500g – malnutritie fetala / dismatur
- 3-5 zile scadere 10%
- La 4 luni 2XG.N.
- La 1an 3XG.N.
- 0-1 an – 1-4 luni: 750g/luna
5-8 luni: 500g/luna 1an = 9Kg
9-12 luni: 250g/luna
Rx-cord N/cardiomegalie
-arc mijl.stg. proeminent,hiperpulsatil
-hipervascularizatie pulmonara
1
EKG-N/HVS,HVD
ECO-evidentierea CA+dimensiuni
Complicatii:EBSA,BVOP,ICC
Tratament:oxigen,trat ICC,indometacin
ligatura/sectionarea
Tetralogia Fallot
2
Clinica
*Cianoza:rara la nn,debut tardiv 12-18l
fata,mucoase,extremitati
>efort,frig
degete hipocratice
stari de rau hipoxic(conv.,tahic)
squatting
*Dispneea
*Hipotrofia staturo-ponderala
EO:suflu sistolic grd 2-3+freamat,bombare precordiala
Paraclinic
Rx-cimpuri pulmonare clare
-arc mijl.stg concav
-virf cord ridicat “cord in sabot”
3
EKG-HVD
Echo-dg
Hematologic:cresterea GR,Hb,Ht
Complicatii:Tromboze-cerebrale(AVC),
-pulm.,renale
abces cerebral(febra+fen neurologice)
EBSA
Tratament
-medical:Fe
oxigen,bicarb,morfina,propr.
profilax.EBSA
-chirurgical:op.Blalock-Taussig(sunt art subclavic-pulm.stg)
op. Waterston(sunt Ao-art.pulm.dr)
*!!SP>> impune mentinerea CA deschis prin perfuzie cu PGE1
Endocarditele infectioase
CLINICA
febra+modif.suflu preexistent
alter.st.gen(astenie,anorexie,varsaturi)
semne embolii-cerebrale(hemiplegie,convulsii)
-renale(hematurie)
-splenomegalie
semne cutanate-purpura,eritem
-noduli Osler
LABORATOR anemie,>VSH,>Leu+PMN
hemoculturi + DG!!!!
ECHO dg!!
4
TRATAMENT *profilaxie!!!
Indicatii:extractii dentare,manevre periodontale,implanturi
dentare,instrumentatia canalului endodontic,anestezie locala
intraligamentara,adeno/amigdalectomie,bronhoscopie,scleroterapia varicelor
esofagiene,dilatatii esofagiene
• American Heart Association&American Dental Association recomanda:
amoxicilina 50mg/kgc po cu 1 h inainte
sau
Ampicilina 50mg/kgc iv/im cu 30 min inainte
*alergici clindamicina 20 mg/kgc
cefalexin 50mg/kgc cu 1h inainte
claritromicina 15mg/kgc
sau
clindamicina 20mg/kgc iv
cefazolin 25mg/kgc iv cu 30 min inainte