NAVAL AVIATION CU CORUM rag DR ad Ce UL Technical Index—Letters Ys AP RESTRICTEDWhat the Japs Think of Us Grampaw Pettibone Did You Know? Cameras Lead the Attack 25 Years Ago This Month “~ Is the PBY Human? How to Do jout Norfolk’s Model Film Library Tin Beaters Are Techni Technically Speaking Technical Index Letters PREPARED BY OF 18 19 ICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS AND BUREAU OF AERO- NAUTICS, NAVY DEPARTMENT—No. 202What the AVU?§ Think of Us J ‘their opinions of the Japanese Sher December 7, 1H, the Japs ave ain te aie. With a aed equipment. B evaluation of the U prading of the Ameticin Flect by fn the Pacic since Peat! Harbor May 9, 1942: “The American Pa cihe fleet is annihilated. . .. America is reduced to a fourth-class power. During the Battle of Coral Sea which preceded this announcement, laimed a smash Classed a’Fourth-Rate’ Naval Power after Pearl Harbor, America has steadily imbed in Jap propaganda light cruiser sunk, at least 91 air planes shot down. American losses were one aircraft carrier (Lexington) planes shot down.) August 8, 1942: “The Anglo- American naval force has been e- duced to that of a third rate power.” Statement was made after the naval battle of the Solomons, during which ttleship sunk, Jap losses were: 1 another damaged: sunk and 4 carge stroyed. Our losses in this AmericanIAPS . defeat” 2 Light cruisers and 6 destroyers sunk.] conTiNuE! October 29, 1942: The American fleet is a second rate power.” {com pilation of the total Japanese losses covering the entire war to November. 1942, shows that the Japanese los 208 ships of all types) of which 86 were combatant ships, with 36 more probably sunk and 16 American losses were a fraction of this number.) August 15, 1943: ‘The chief of the Japanese Navy Press Section, in a speech to the Japanese people, said: “The American forces do not give our forces even a moment of rest. At first the Pacific War situation cen tered in this area was like a direct grapple of two economic grand cham: pion ‘yokozuna’ (wrestlers), and now America, which was deteated at the ‘outset of the war, has finally tight ened her helmet strings and has come forward with counter This reappraisal came after the re cent Japanese losses on all fronts, on land and sea and in the air Having finally raised the status of the American Navy and figh strength to that of Japan herself, the Japanese press chief added a few words of encouragement Japanese people: “We, as grand champions, must not be excited or impaticnt over small losses. We must set ourselves firmly and strike enemy with all the forces with until the enemy is downed. olfensives.” are Jap fighter is a shortlegged, long-bodied, awkward litle nan. He is clever in some things and very dull in others He'is patient, thorough, unimaginative, as brave (and as cow: ardly) as men of other nations. Like the Nazi in vietory, he thinks of himself as a superman. In defeat, which he is now getting taste of for the first time, he is puzzled and astonished, ‘The Amer- ican fighting man is not the man pictured in Jap propaganda. American Air Power Held Dubious Some information has trickled through on the Japanese estimate of ‘our air strength and pilots. tion they co material is able to play a decisive role, while in fighting, they feel that our “moral inferiority” has more important re sults. We are good at doing technical things like building planes, but not so good as the Japs at flying planes, According to reports from Tokyo, via Axis correspondents, America has some goo planes, and well-trained pilots. Although air fighting is ex: tremely hard, on both sides, with no quarter given, the Jap boasts that Americans avoid dogfights. [In the early part of the war, the very light Japanese $00. fighters. were more maneuverable than the America P40D Kittyhawk and Airacobra; consequently held the advantage in doglights.] The best singleseater fighter, ac cording to the Japs, has been’ the Grumman Witdéat, proving superior to any other American fighter type encountered. | Morerecently the F4U has seen combat in the Pacific area wider ou and currently, the fast FOF.) ‘The P-39 is also described as a machine commanding respect, and so are the Curtiss SB2C Helldivers and the Ply ing Fortress As regards flying penonnel, Japa nese airmen are reported 10 have ex pressed the view that the American pilots gave proof of long and care ful training; they were excellent pi lots and aceurate gunners, coura geous and full of fight. Tacties gen- erally employed by the American fighters were, according 10 the Japa: c, to climb to a height of between 25,000 and $0,000 feet, then make a diving pass at Japanese formations American aviation reconnaissance is generally good,” says a captured Jap report, “and so is air ground Lia son. The airplanes, particularly fight rs, reconnoiter and make bombing and strafing attacks, and act very a gressively. As the fighters carry out their suafing and bombing at low altitudes by diving, there are fre quent opportunities 10 shoot them down when infantry units ean carey out AA firing’ One aspect of American aviationwhich irritates the Japanese espe cially, is hat our johnnies “execute especially thorough strafing and bombing attacks when they spot thi smoke of our Japanese cooking fires.” For this reason a special directive was issued to the Japanese absolutely for bidding smoke Irom cooking fires. In se of cooking at night, firelight must: not be allowed to leak out The American Fighter Roted Low From fighting with the Marines on Guadaleanal, the Japanese an opinion of the Americ and American fighting tactics. Offic reports, captured from the Japs. this estimate of the American people On the debit side, the American: 1. lacks perseverance, 2, lacks spir itual strength, 3. likes to bat the reese, 4. takes a long time to do things, 5. is poor at hand-to-hand fighting, 6. is easily overcome in cou hat when not supported by firepower and is easily made to throw up his hands and surrender, 7. if wounded, the American immediately raises. a cry of distress, 8, is very inefficient in hight action, and 9. i inadequately trained in reconnaissance. On the credit side, the American 1. has a fairly strong national unity is adventurous and likes novelty is good in technical matters and is practical, #. sa good marksman, and 5, is skillful in operating tanks and automobiles. American communica tion technique is excellent The American fighter, aecoreling to the Japanese, subscribes to. the principle that fire-power is almighty He neglects the power of cold steel (word and bayonet), which is the kind of fighting the Jap prefers. “Our cold steel has a decisive force and the enemy fears it greatly Slowly it is dawning on the Japa nese peaple that America is not being defeated—on the sea, on the land ot in the air. Because of the mass of propaganda which has been pub- lished regarding American spirit, the ayerage Jap took it for granted that the Land of the Rising Sun had no equals. Now he is having to face the fact that there is another “grand champion’ in the Pacific, and that he will have to fight harder and harder. TYPOGRAPHICAL ERROR: Japanese fying boat was described in Oct. 1 ine as Emily Type 20NPH instead of Emily ‘Type (2NPB. 3Strike One! ‘This pilot (265 hours) was flying an FM-L. The airplane was observed. to be acting sluggish on takeoff. At about 100 eet altitude it started to mush in and the pilot made a forced landing in a semicleared area near the field. ‘The airplane turned over and received sivike damage: the pilot received only minor abrasions. This particular pilot will probably never take off again without carefully checking the position of all cock controls, for this accident was entirely his fault; his take-off had been made with the propeller control handle not in the full forward position and with the mixture control handle between automatic lean and the idle cnt off position. Tow Pilot Warning Watch that air speed when taking off with a target in tow, Several re- cent fatal accidents have occurred because inexperienced tow pilots failed to do this very thing! After leaving the ground their planes were seen to enter steep climbs, stall and spin in, Precision Lamdings Squadron VNIZDSA, Corpus Christi, has come to the conclusion that many intermediate students are not able o land where they want to, nor able 10 handle the plane safely alter it is on the ground. This was determined from a review of a group of landing accidents, all of which ‘occurred as the result of pilot error. ‘Out of 12 such accidents, 6 were caused by overshooting, 4 by under- shooting and 2 by landing off the edge of the runway. 4 In onder to remedy this and make cadets more precisionJanding-con- scious, all landings on dual instruc- tion or check flights at two outlying fields have been restricted to the first one-third of the runway. To facili tate carrying out this restriction, white fines and circles have been painted on the fields to define these areas. Cadets who cannot make the required number of such landings do not receive passing grades. VNIZD8-A reports that this added ‘emphasis on precision landing is re- flected in increased accuracy and ef- lectiveness on the part of students, COMMENT: ‘The conclusion arrived at, a8 to pilot error during landings, is correct, However, accident records show that intermediate students by no means have a monopoly on this type of acci dent. Advanced students and even ex- perienced aviators are running them close second; in fact, landing accidents constitute the largest single cause of accidents in naval aviation, All of us might well be more careful i proaches and landings. The s3 tiated by VNIZD8-A is considered an excellent way to drive home the need for greater eare in landing. It ia felt that this system might alse ‘well apply to primary training on dual instruction or check flights. However, some care should he exercised in stress” ing this point in the primary stage. The reason for this is that a large per centage of the accidents in the primary stage are due to stalls and spins on landing approaches. Tt is feared that if primary solo students attempted to land short, the number of these aeci- dents would be considerably increased, which is highly undesirable as they are the most serious of all landing acci- dents, nd iudents to make each landing ding as soon as his tech- ill safely allow sueh practice, Such instruetion should produce a fer product and result in fewer landing accidents later in training, as well as in tactical operations, Generally speaking, it appears s to teach Attention Maintenance Crews Upon application of brakes during a PV-1 landing, a loud report was heard and no reaetion could be felt ‘om the brakes. The plane then ran off the edge of the runway and was severely damaged. Upon investigation, it was found that the loss of brakes was caused by the failure of the main hydraulic feed line leading to the left brake valve, The feed line was forced out of the BT nut retaining sleeve by the hydranlic pressure in the line at the time of the landing. ‘The Trouble Board recommended that maintenance personnel be warned of the danger of applying too great a torque on the BT nuts, COMMENT: Excessive tightening on these fittings causes the flares to he thinned out and cold worked, which re- sults in their failure. Believe it or Not! Nine men were recently killed in a transport plane crash because neither acting plane captain nor other crew members knew how to operate the ‘emergency release for the main door. Have It Treated Don’t wait to have cuts, sprains and bruises treat- ed. Five minutes spent at the first aid station may mean the differ. ence between a permanently. stiff finger and a usefal hand.How to Prevent Nightmares Whenever you have finished up- keep or overhaul work onan air plane, ask ,your- fell this question, “Would 1 be willing to fly it that way?” IE the answer is “Yes,” it will be conducive to soiind sleep that night. Heave Ho! Don't lift heavy weights with your legs straight; bend ag your knees. This 4 Ta help av a strained. backs Be sure of your footing before starting to lift. If your foot slips you may wrench your back or cause a rupture Don't laugh or talk while lifting. ‘This relaxes the diaphragm and may cause a rupture. Tn lttigg the closer the object is to your body, the less the strain. Tell Your Flight Surgeon ‘A student pilot undergoing inter mediate specialized training in VO- VCS was leading a daylight naviga- tion flight over the Gulf of Mexico. While in a climb at about 900 fect, his plane was observed to nose over smoothly in a shallow dive and disap- pear into a fog bank below. He ap- parently crashed without recovering from the dive. During the subsequent investiga tion to determine possible causes of the accident, two other students tes tified that this pilot had told them that he had recently suffered attacks ‘of nausea and faintness which he at- tributed to.a bad appendix. He told them that during the course of one previous navigation hop he had al most lost consciousness. In view of this and the lack of evidence to sub: stantiate any oth believed that o this occasion the student may have Lost consciousness andl so lost control of his plane. cither his ight surgeon or squadron officers. ‘There should be no diffidence for hesitation in consulting your flight surgeon, even though the ailment may appear to be of a trivial nature. Mil tary flying demands phy tal health, Ailments which may seem not worth bothering the medical officer shout are often significant and may produce a definite flight hazard. better to report your ailment ely, even though it may mean loss of a few days’ flying time, than to try to “stiek it out” and run the Jk of losing weeks or months later om: or even losing your life, as this pilot did. A Story in Silk A pice of silk about two feet square, found on the tail wreckage, told the story of what had happened to the pilot. He had bailed out when his plane proved unmanageable after a mid-air collision and had pulled his ripeord too soon. His ‘chute can ‘opy had heen ripped badly, resulting in a rapid descent and fatal landing. If the time ever comes when you have to bail out, don’t get excited. Remember, CLEAR THE SHIP REFORE PULLING THE RIPCORD, Non-Rubber Neck These were the only airplanes op- erating on a very lange outlying field. However, by carefully failing to look around, the pilots managed to taxi into one another Propeller Warning Patrol 52 invites attention to a danger peculiar to patrol plane op. eration; the danger to the bow man when making a buoy. This is par ticularly true when using a large, ship-mooring buoy. Several cases are He Failed To * See That Other , Airplane A Not a Safety Belt Unless Fastened During an impending forced landing in a TBF-1, the radio- man was twice warned to be sure his safety belt was fast ened. In spite of this, he un- fastened his safety helt just be fore contact, to open the escape door. This one wrong move cost him his life; he was knocked unconscious and drowned. known where the bow man jumped out on such a buoy to handle the Dow lines and was struck by the re= volving propeller, as the airplane drifted. past the buoy. ‘The following remedial measures were suggested: ‘a. Warn crews of this danger and indoctrinate personnel _never to jump out on a buoy until propellers are stopped. b, Always regular buoys, where available. use aircratt ¢. In the event bow man jumps, {alls, or is dragged trom the bow sta- tion, pilot immediately should full feather the propeller on that side. This will stop propeller in the short- est possible time, There may be in sufficient time for the propeller to full feather completely, but even a partial flattening of the blade will reduce the force of the blow: Engine Overhaul By Spoiler Because some Spoiler put in oil rings upside down in six out of nine cylinders, which Causen abnormal wear on the upper two Tings of these cylinders, which Causep these rings to badly feathered, which CAusen excessive oj] consumption; Resunren one sxe being put out of action, fol- lowing a landing, in forcedMachine Gun Fatalities Accidental Firings Have 3 Causes BuOrd is still receiving various re ports on the findings of investigation boards in cases of fatalities a accidental discharge of synchro aireralt machine guns, An cates th ysis of the cireumstanees indi accidental firings have oc curred ay a result of the Following se quence of ev 1 -Live youn ws in the gun, 2M ter animnent sviteh am selec tive gun switeh were closed and gun, icing switeh, hal teen: momentary cle 3. Airplane propeller way subsequently turned uieough by hand. The train of events resulted in fir ing of the synchronized gun when propeller reached firing position. Th reason for fring of the gun is appar ent if operation of synchronizer sys tem is understood. Briefly, when the firing switel was momentarily closed, it withdrew sole noid plunger from notch in cam follower, permitting cam follower (under tension from tigger motor) lo move up point where, when the solenoid was deenergized by opening firing switch, solenoid plunger could not reenter notch of 1 follower and thus lock it against further movement. Subsequently, when airplane pro. peller was turned through by hand, can and cum follower roller were contact. Cam follower was free move until cam reached high point position at which moment solenoid plunger may or may not have re-n: tered notch of cam follower (depend: ing om strength of solenoid spring) y event, motion of cam follower oa CAUING SQUADRONS = Do Your Pilots Wear PROPER GEAR eee ed fom low cam to high cam position was sufficient to fire the gun. The most effective way of preven 1g these accidents is to make sure there is no five round in the gun at any time when work is being done on airplane engine or its accesories It abo is best to make sure ammuni tion belt is not connected to feedway of gun—so that gun will not be loaded by accidental charging—and that no personnel are in line of fire when propeller is being pulled through, New Helmets Distributed Delivery to Supply Points Begun Bur is now delivering the latest lype of helmets to central supply points. ‘The following data may be used in requisitioning: PAP Mctalt RAZ-Wolat REM Headset for helmet, identified as type HA/AR, and ANB-M. phone for use with Al4 oxygen mask in the accompany ing picture, Both items can be ob- tained from local stock, are shor ro Photo Film Can Take It Outlasts Expiry Date on Box Divergent opinion exists among photographie personnel regarding use of photographic film ata date later than manufacturers’ expiration date stamped on cach container. Many have the mistaken impression that when the age of film has passed this expiration date, film can no longer be used with satisfactory re- sults and, consequently, believe it should be destroyed. This may be true in isolated cases where film has been stored under unusually adverse conditions of excessive heat and hu midity for a long period of time, but by far the greater percentage of film can be used and after the expirat An interesting example of the Keeping quality of film is shown in the following quotation from a let ter received from a Pacific Coast supply point: “A South Pacific base returned 6 cases of outdated film h, fromall appearances, had been ng on the beach exposed to the weather for months. The local station photographic laboratory. took the material, ran tests and found no difference in quality except that the film was approximately one-half a diaphragm stop slower than Iresh film of the same type and character: istics. They are using all the film even though it is one to two years out of date.” ‘This film received rou. e handling in storage, packing and shipping. both to and from the South Pacific Arca, The Cover Scene on the cover witeses steadily Allied. navies: have won over U-Boat packs in the Atlan: tic and ekewhere ‘Naval aiteralt plays 1 leading role in neutsalizing this con. Linuous threat 40 Allied supply Hines,TORYO TOLKS Tokyo i conducting an extensive campaign i all propaganda media. to proselyte far the Japanese ideology among occupied Cauniries, ‘This column 1 gleaned from radio broadcasts picked up ty monitors In various parts of the world and. made faowilable. iw 10 Naat AviNttON Nuws =o Fusore Reflecting mounting Japanese con plane loses in the South Pacific, Tokyo reporis that the Cabinet has given top priority to the manufacture of ine tools for aircraft production. ‘The Thoadeast said the Cabinecs decision placed the manufacture of sich machine tools on as Japan's stot il, the same level of impor hey industries”coal, i shipbuilding eure weaker nore eertain our victory. Four years of on: Sblidation in. Europe, and nearly (wo years Df consolidation and construction in Greater ase Asia, have enabled our side to build out positions’ ta such an impregnable extent that we have created pariting questions for ‘our enemy to solve ieee to irc tans shee arte pea eae ete pete pisere Ur the 4 ing that when U. 8. pilots attempted to ‘hate to the ground. their parachutes on “burned imsnediately from Beye basa ot pes pe on Sofie 14 tat Ae ops Ihc ay aa tote to esi iowlds on the Halo mail, De sy. amatonn tel teh rer To Janay “Enemy American and Australian forees attack our jungle bases, frst of all by raining, bombs on Us and tearing open the thick jangle, ‘Then, making use of a Teast 0) tines our manpower, the enemy approaches in yery wsstematic order. The feneany has at his command the worlds ne ft type weapons. But our soldiers ave 1 fo be beaten easly, They fight with spiritual power. ‘The hardships and physical dan- ers encountered by or mien ase HOt easily fmagined. Bice) Mate CO tem om tell Dead Reckoning and Celestial Navigation Problem ‘On March 1, 1943, a patrol plane is ordered to depart at GCT 1400 from its base, Geraldton, Australia, latitude 28°47’ S, longitude 114°—47/ E, to search for an enemy submarine reported in latitude 26° ~42' S, longitude 111°—09" E, flight altitude 4,000 fe,, tempera- ture (+) $°C. TAS 116 k. Variation 3° W, wind 20 k. from 065°. ‘The 1. G. correetion for the sextant is (—) 5” and the watch is 14 seconds fast. 1, What isthe UAH) Magnetic Heading? 2. What it the (CAS) Calibrated Ar Spend? Wht It the (POS) Predicted Ground Speed? What isthe (ETA) Estimated Time of Arrival? J. Who i the GCT 1500 DR positon? Referring to his star chart, the navigator decides to take observa- tions of Canopus, Procyon and Regulus. He determines the following data from these observations Canopus Procyon Gor 14*52" 97" 107 HS 52-19" 6, Whot isthe GCT 1500 Fix? tat. Regulus 1502-45 * 7. Whot hor been the wine? Direction — Continue on track until GCT 1510; change heading to destination. |, What isthe UMM Magnetic Heading te destination? 9, What isthe revised ETA? ‘On arrival at destination of original order, a flare from survivors is sighted, estimated 10 miles distant; heading for the lifeboat the mag- netic heading is 185°. A contact report is made to base. While the plane circled the survivors, they signaled that the submarine had left 3 hours before heading south, The plane departed in search of the submarine at GCT 1600; TAS 120k.; Cus 180°. 10, Wh 3 ‘At GOT 1620 a successful attack is made on the submarine. The contact report is made and at GGT 1645 the plane is ordered to return to base. TAS 110 k, leaving from latitude 27°—34" S, longitude 111°—09" E. 11, What isthe course? 12, Whot isthe Estimated Time of Arivel (TAI? 13, What is the GET 1830 08 position? tena ‘To check his DR the navigator observed the followin Moon Spica 18"-28"44* — 18*-37 "10" 10°-05" 70°-39" tet tong. 15, What fe the rovined ETA? oct (answers on page 27)Cann VillI—Meth Miniatures Pick the best choice 10 complete the statements below, then check your ansners on page 32 ‘Soning point will 29.500 Feet 1 b= 26,000 feet «20,100 fee Dd — 12000 feet D r= 16.500 feet 13. When hight remains constant, the vole ‘he same height and a radius of 15 Foot vile 500 gallons 000 gallons iN) alone 1 57,500 galtons 5 e— 65000 gallons 4 Afighter plane revel a fri we hours © 2884 finches e844 ches ‘Hand-to-Hand’ Combat Out Win at All Costs, Basic Goal Hand-to-Hand Gombat, first vol ume in a series of physical training manuals, prepared by Aviation Training Division and published by U.S, Naval Institute, has been dis: tributed to physical training officers Brief instructions supplemented by #82 photos describe each of the tac tics and maneuvers intended to give the fighting man a knowledge of the deadly weapons he possesses within his own body. nbat has but one is pointed out. prize for finishing second in a hand to-hand fight with the enemy. There are no rules; there is nothing “sport- ing” about it. Navy men have been in hand-t hand combat in many places in the war, and the widespread areas over which it is being fought indicate com tinued probability of their being forced down behind enemy lines, often where their most cifeetive weapons are provided by nature, Seaplane Leak Plug Kits Available Now at Supply Points Several reports recently received by BuAer have requested develop. ment of plugs for sealing holes in sea plane hulls. Seaplane plug kits should be available at all central supply points, listed in Standard Stock Cata logue as #R83-P-408500; and should be requisitioned by this number Each kit consists of 18 varying sizes of plug from 1”'in diameter toa” 16” size. Details on sizes and construc tign are contained in Navy Aeronau. tical Specification P-54 and NAF drawings 47607 and 47810. Note to VP, VR Squadrons BuAer Corrects Misunderstanding “There appears to be a misunder: standing in some VP and VR Squad. rons operating PB2Y-3R airplanes in assuming that, when the outer wing panels of these airplanes are rein forced, wing tip floats of larger dis placement and stronger foat bracing eto be installed. ‘This is not BuAer’s intention. Installation of small floats ceased at the contractor's plant on airplane setial 7158, Air x subsequent to serial 7158 have orced pancls. and larger floats installed when delivered. Reinforce buter panels merely kes it possible to install either ge ot small floats with proper bracing on any wing panel. BuAcr is taking action to have the wing outer panels of all PB2Y-3 and 3R airplanes reinforced as a as possible, Until the work is ac complished, large floats and. float bracing should not be used. Bronze Powder & Corrosion BuAer Urges Caution in Its Use It has been brought to BuAer’s tuention by an operating activity that bronze powder spilled from a drift signal container caused serious to the botiom of a sea plane due to galvanic action with ahiminum and salt water, To avoid recurrence, extreme care should be exercised in handling bronze powder drift signals (FSSC #88-S-1200) , either when stow the airplane or when using during flight, The container of the drift signal has a hole at its nose through which powder is filled, This hole is sealed hy means of a porous adhesive tape, necessary to prevent breakage of con: tainer due to changes of pressure at various altitudes. Should bronze powder be spilled in a plane, it should be cleaned out immediately. sgriger CAUING. SQUADRONS ae Do Your Pilots Wear PROPER GEAR Vv }aT RS Aa aS Naval Aviation News Reports on PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATIONSwift Planes with Multiple Cameras Bring Back Pictorial Story of Enemy Ships and Shore Installations; Invading Force Studiously Probes Data before Launching Drive Meee its bark on # tangible course of action, photographic reconnaissance squad rons make # clear, sharp record that is promptly analyzed under the mag nilying inst interpreters. Present day forces of the United States and her allies do not have to go into action relatively blind as to uments of photographic what to expect from the enemy, as Ihas often been the ease in other con flicts, In previous wars intelligence data were made up of reports rom. intercepts, pris oner interrogation, and spies, all of which were filled with the vagaries By using the modern intelligence process of ial photographs, a visual observation, dlear report can be had in as little as six hours after a photographic plane has flown over the enemy. Tf urgent, special methods can be em: ployed which require less time aphic intelli es the plane to produce a photog gence report, than i to fly over the objective and return 10 base Through scientific methods the photographic interpreter can. watch the enemy’s every move. A record can he kept of what he bas d long it took him to do record his future moves may be an ticipated, thereby robbing him of the all important clement of surprise With photographic «1 interpretation, commanding off ve the same advantage in wag ing war that a person would have in ne if he could see his oppo: and how aphs reveal enemy forces and engaging forces then can be ad 10 justed to accomplish desired results Unnecessary eflort is kept at a mini- mum, permitting maximum use of our forces. Weaknesses of the enemy are revealed. Leaders can judge where and how much come him, Or should it be shown that a position about to be attacked is practically impregnable, another place can be sought, thus avoiding unnecessary losses in men, time and will take to over: materiel Photographic has changed attacks from hitand-run af. fairs to devastating bombardments ‘of important objectives. The camera has become an important weapon, i photographers and interpreters ong the Navy's most Evolution of Photo Reconnaissance The evolution of the modern sci ence of photographic intelligence makes a lively story. There was a small beginning of photographic re connaissance during World War 1 Pictures were sometimes taken from balloons, and anchored observa ‘occasionally by hand-held cameras from operational planes, but they re vealed little information. British and Freneh armies used data obtained by photographie reconnaissance toward the end of World War I, likely the Germans did supplied were mostly tacti showed trench layout strong points of resistance, and by communication lines. Attempts at interpretation were made in the field close to the front, There was no try at al interpretation. Units were disbanded after 1918 and during the following years prac tically no attention was paid to de velopment of photo reconnaissance units, particularly by U.S. or Britain. This condition prevailed through the first part of World War II... up until June 1940. Then, following Dunkirk, reconnaissance was forced on the British as the only remaining method of getting information about the enemy. With the fall of France and Low Countries, mil gence reports could no longer be ob: Tocatias spies, neutral government repre sentatives and paid civilian obsery ers. The Germ: on wiped out Commercial House Had Been Dabbling Fortunately for the British, a com nercial concern had been developing aerial pho! RAF took byagroupof 10 interpreters and four aircraft equipped with came eight-inch lenses, Intelligence au. thorities remained skeptical of how much military information could be supplied by photographic interpre tation, At the time they believed 1 information received would be fer and at start was made meager at best. The system was more of a makeshift than anything else until spy walfic and other “standard! procedures could be reopened. However, as the skill of the inter preters increased and the military in. telligence supplied in this manner was substantiated by the old “ap: proved” methods and current events, skepticism decreased. The old slow Lysanders and Blenheims which were shot down too frequently were re placed by the superb Spufire. Chis plane was stripped ol and fitted with powerful ras with focal Tengths up to 21 and 40 inches. Pilots took special wain: ing in photographic flying. Thety only protection was speed and high altitude, Extra tanks were added which permitted flights of 1800 miles round wip, In the United States, aerial pho. graphy started in 1914 at Pensa The camera was just the ordi nary box type enclosed in a cigar box. During the period between and 1940 a considerable amount of improvement was made in cameras but practically nothing done about nterpretation, acrial photog military intellig jap and chart work, Lum: per companies used it for timber sur cept for veys, and a limited number of other ypes of surveying was done by aerial photography Started Rolling After Peor! Harbor Military photographic intelligence became a necessity for the United States when the Japs attacked PearlHarbor. American naval and marine officers had been studying it in Britain for some hs before De. cember 7, but when Pearl Ha was attacked, it became apparent that a good part of the war would be fought in the Pacific. This meant that this country was up against a tough proposition irom the stand. point of basic intelligence data and operating charts, Many of the islands in the Pacific, though shown in a chart index, were mapped. inaccw rately. Little or nothing was known about some of them, and photo: graphic reconnaissance and interpre ration was the source of information, Promptly following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Navy organized a photographic intelligence system. A school of photographic interpreta- tion was established at Anacostia— where it is still operating—on Janu ary 1, 1942, just three weeks’ after Pearl Harbor. It has graduated some 400 officers. A primary need of photographic intelligence is good photographs made with highly developed equ ment, processed by expert personnel A second is trained interpretation officers supplied with necessary me: ds, Where a human secret, agent can direct his attention to only one objective at a time, an aerial camera with the single click of its shutter can observe everything with: ina number of square miles, depend. ing upon lens and altitude, It freezes the view and permits detailed study until all information has been dug out, With special filters the camera can penetrate haze that would bafile the human eye. By using special equipment. the camera can also operate effectively at night. Asan example, the natural protection of darkness is naturally used by enemy military leaders for But trolled flash bombs light up this movement and the camera records it "To the untrained eye, the aerial photograph is a confused patchwork of the fandscape’s major features re- duced smaller than the Lord's Prayer on a pinhead.” A person trained in understanding images on the photo- graph and skilled in reporting must translate the data into usable form He generally starts by preparing some kind of map with vital points indicated. This is described in a important sceret_moves, con 12 writen report outlining unusual ac tivity with a conjecture on its mili. tary signif Other Information Completes Picture To have a clear idea of interpreta- tion, it is necessary to understand the other methods of obtaining intor mation. Three main sources are: 1, Wireless interception. 2. Interrogation of prisoners (which sometimes provides use- ful information) 3. Interpretation of aer graphs Other sources include neutral ob: servers, stich as journalists, attaches at embassies in neutral countries, newspapers, journals and propaganda films, and paid agents, 1 photo- A yood interpreter must have, first of all, a knowledge of what he is looking for, what it looks like, and how it works, He must know the yemy’s country economically and physically, its industries, communica. tions and terrain, etc. He must know its life as it is today, and keep well informed on the total war situ In his schooling at the school of photographic interpretation, he is drilled in the characteristics and com fds, transportation, on of yarious industries and other inland warships, shipbuild: ing, general shipping, radio, eamou flage, gun installations and armored vehicles, bomb, damage asewment, and decoys and dummies. With this background and con: serutiny of photographs over a period of time, he should become first class interpreter provided he adds continually to his general knowledge. \ photographic interpretation of ficer: 1. Receives records and collats aerial photographs trom all sources. Provides by interpreta imum information Irom ae tographs in mini pares and reproduces. intelligence data i usable form. The photographic interpretation officer is aware of his big responsibil ity. He knows that a false statement and, some- times, fatal action, He cannot be afraid of admitting doubt on any point A trained photographic inter: preter makes his study in a short lime. For example—a photographic reconnaissance plane leaves a carrier flies to the area it is ordered to inves tigate (may be five hundred miles way) , takes photographs, returns to the carrier, As soon as the plane lands, photos are processed and im: mediately studied. In some cases, the men do “flash reporting” when information con tained in the photographs is of vital and immediate importance. “Flash reports” can be made upon examina. tion of wet negatives or wet prints, depending npon nature of subject. These reports can be prepared wit in an hour ater a photo plane lands. Not all the necessary informa can be taken from photographs hour or two, but “flash reports” are yy valuable. They may show ally happened—that what had been previously reported from visual observation as a “carrier” only a “different kind of cargo ship.” Such a difference in type of vessel is Vital and no guess work can be per- mitted in such circumstances. Another example ~The photo plane may have sneaked in behind the enemy, popped out of the clouds. over an enemy task force, shot two or Unree photos and quickly returned to the protective covering of the clouds. Back at the base or on the carrier the photos can be studied in detail and complete knowledge furnished for future action, All Information in Usable Form In the “detail” section of the re port, complete information is given about types of aireraft and exact to cation of antiaircraft defenses. ‘The same is tue of reports on shipping The interpreter gives type and name ‘of each vessel shown in the pictureFina PRESENTATION INTERPRETATION ch i Te aE hs Sy A } ut4 Ist PHASE PREPARING FOR STRIKE Taking and reading aerial pictures, and getting the secrets they reveal to combat forces, ar jobs of photo interpretation units that precede a bombing attack. re start large scale photo coverage is desired. P-38’s, B-17’s ce BOMB BRYis loaded with camer OBLIQUE shors are taken of Jap GUNNERS stay on alert for Japs instead of bombs, on a mission through the waist ports ho pounce on any “lone wolf DARK ROOM set up aboard plane ONSET HUT serves as photo 1ST PHASE interpretation reveals developsnegatives, makes erpretationunitheadquarters important enemy fortificationsFLIGHT of bombers streaks through sky to blast ance report of enemy activity UJ targets analyzed in photos taken earlier in the day rn STRIKE climaxes work of first phase interpretation OM,. MEANWHILE 2d 3d PHASES | STEREOSCOPIC study continues, magnifying over- lapped prints to bring out three dimensional effect 13 MOSAICS prepared by matching overlapped prints in long strips give the complete picture of area PREPARING FOR INVASION HEN strategy in any theatre of action calls for invasion, photo interpretation units are ply all topographical data, including scale maps, contour maps, reliet mod sked 10 sup- cls, information on enemy defenses and activities. This requires detailed study in the Third interpretation, in which tained officers search aerial photo- Second and Phases of : installations, marily, at the end of the Second Phase, which gives units commat ors detailed reports on what is fon interpretation officers have completed 4 RELIEF MODELS for operational use graphically present topographical data supplied by air photos their job. Photos then can be filed for comparison with pictures taken later. But when large scale offensives ure planned, the unit prepares spe cialized strategic interpretation and graphic presentation aids in the Third Phase, Maps then are drawn of uncharted areas and contour maps aid of a device ‘our Finder, which ing photos to de on Jater may be traced with the known as the Co relief models, use of whieh aids in making detailed in vasion plans, acquainting officers and. men with actual terrain” features wer which they will be operating: Photo interpretation guides strategy. SKETCHMASTER projects negative on paper where itis traced to form scaled map of enemy territory N seeence fom other sources call for cl ‘Army, Navy and Marine Corps 1 o interpretation finding: forces as well as all service branches of25 YEARS AGO tus monty Naval Aviation October 1918 October, ~ Northern Bombing Group cooperated in the attack of Allied armies in big push. They did ground strafing and low bombing. and made continuous raids on enemy concentration of troops and trans ports, Night bombing squadrons bombed Deynee railway junctions, Thielt, Lichterfelde, Nielle, and Deymze. Every effort was made vo obstruct the retreating Germans. ‘To assist, fields were set up at Ingleverte Ove, and Campagne Ortober 1. Nomeigid, Hown by United States Navy personnel based at Paimbocuf, engaged in pees fight with German submarines. Sub- marine fred 13 shots at the airship but neither was able te inflict dant age on the other Naval Air Station at Killinghome used H-16's for operations against North Ger AL first HL16's had very poor radiators and. pro: pellers, but by October reasonably good performance could be expected from these craft Nunaber of n Coast trained pigeons on hand for seaplane use, 986. Number under 1 549. Total with U.S. naval aviation forces, 1521 October 2—Capt. Francis Patrick Muleahy, US.M.C Distinguished Service Medal for sup. plying isolated French troops with was awarded food in face of intense fire from rifle artillery The first NC-L flying machine gun, a Oclober 4 boat wa approximatcly one year trom the commencement of the design. New propellers and high compression successfully flown. This was October 13.-No.7 squadron Night Bombing Group destroyed two. aircraft attacking their formation Ocioler 15.~Shortage of seaplane pilots at antisubmarine patrol sta il 158. Borrowed 82 from Northern Bomb tions, Allowance $96—on ha Liberty engines enabled the craft to lake off with a toral weight of 24,700 Ibs.—thus exceeding the design load by 2.700 Ibs, ‘The month of Novem ber was devoted to intensive tests of this plane October 5-Marine squadron “Dy of the Day Wing Northern Bombing Group. consisting of 42 officers and 198 enlisted men, arrived at Le Franc aerodrome completing the four squadrons of the Day Wing ing Group which were not yet equipped with sufficient planes, October 16.-Up to this time Pauil luc had received from the United States 96 planes, 8: 207 props. Brest had received 40) planes, W engines, and 258 props October 20.—Total number of Lib: erty engines received in French ports to date was 812. OF these 105 had been shipped away, mostly to East leigh, but some were sent to Italy ¢TAN a3 Is the PBY Human? N ARGUMENT as to whether the Pay will enter heaven when it dies, just as do all naval officers, has reached the stages of furious debate t Quonset’s Air Combat Information Ofhcers' School. Nobody ever gave the subject a thought until a local cameraman with a strong metaphys ical bent began to notice changes in facial ex presion as the flying boat completed various stages of flight The more he watched the more he became confirmed in his suspicion that the esy somehow had transcended the bounds of mere matériel and tansmigrated into a state of humanity. That = 7 SHEEPIEW Helty- Teiry! Kiprevisw WANNA Go HOME ss © SOUND ASLEEP Look MP cVER, BORED night he was so excited he could only sleep8 hours, Armed with a reliable camera, he set about to spy on the itinerant plane and prove his point Most of the shots were taken from vantage points when the ppy wasn't looking exercising its innermost fecli traces of sell-consciousness, Scenes on this page were submitted to Naval Aviation News as evidence of the rny’s hum In the absence of a rebuttal from the negative, no conclusion can be handed down, but it seems safle to observe that, at the very least isan emotional eritter and was freely without any the pry a plane of many moods. HUNe OVER 19HOW TO DO WITHOUT Keep Alive During Escape—Marine Corps Captain Counsels ATC, CORPUS CHRISTI—Words of advice on getting along with the en emy are offered by 4 Marine Corps Gaptain whase most memorable experi ‘once in the combat zone took place dnr- ing the week he spent in enemy terri ory om famous Greadatcanal ihand. The Captain, ¢ former naval aviation cadet, insists that "na matter howe often You come tos water supply alacass stop ‘ond drink your fill, for you never know ow lowe it will be until you'll get an- other drink, Heavy dew in the exrly morving will serve if you lick it from the foliage. Water is one extential in the tropics; without it you can't lat much longer than two and a half day INCE real hunger knows no lim itations, you'll find that ants, snails, and young roots can ease an aching stomach, Coconuts, when available, are your best source of food. The milk will serve as both food and drink If you know you have a long tip ahead of you, never travel during the noon hour or early aftemnoon, ‘The heat of the sun will dehydrate you and leave you weak just about thre times ay quickly as it will in the early morning or late afternoon. Always take the most difficale route, By this T mean that, should there be enemy troops on the move in your vicinity, it stands to reason they will be moving along the easy trails, Ir will take Ionger to get where you're going this way, but who cares how long it takes, just as long as you ger back! 1 believe herg lies the real reason T was able to travel through over 5,000 Japanese troops, Never grow so despondent that you throw cau tion to the wind. Kill only if it is a case of self preservation. Never kill just beca the opportunity presents itself. Even though the victim appears 10 be alone, the sound of your gun or scullle, no matter how short, is bound to bring an investigator, If you are forced to kill, and if at all possible place the body back in the jungle where it can't be readily found, for a dead man will warn your presence in that marines USE ALL TRICKS Fon sunvivaLNORFOLK’S MODEL FILM LIBRARY This Set-Up Suggests Procedure on Film Distribution and Maintenance gice the Training Film Library at NAS Norfolk, Virginia, was started nearly two years ago, it has distributed over 150,000 prints of films to activities in the Norfolk area, Established in an old remod cled building, the library was first started to provide films for various stations and groups and has since both film distri bution and repair and maintenance Icis divided into nee rooms. The largest of these contains racks and cabinets which hold the films, it being the room where general ad. ministrative work is done. Oge of the smaller rooms is a maintenance and repair shop, where films are repaired and equipment stored. The other is used for checking and edit ing film The Norfolk library furnishes films and information to air groups, Flect Air Wing, casv, uvpron, and to schools in the area, In addition, it schedules and routes general interest films, such as The War, on a regular weekly circuit to outlying activities General instructional films such as Forced Down at Sea and History of Nawal Aviation, entertainment films or areas where public entertainment is scarce, and new trait officers in BOQ are a The library coopera Army units, Another important funetion of the Norfolk is maintenance of equipment for all activities. Some ss closely with units are small and their need for equipment proves merely occasional. 2TNA) “TIN: BEATERS” ARE TECHNICIANSCe proce Is. In what is called the s types of airplaneInstrument Maker’s Vise Versatile for All Shop Work NAS, Atauns. — An instrument maker's vise has been developed here through experiments with ordi hand vises mounted on bases This labor saving device m used as a drill vise, by tu on its side, to hold electrical instew be taken in tightening so that deli cate wires are not injured.) It also may be used as a general utility vise for holding small instrument parts (Exua care must If machine shop facilities are not available for construction of this unit, a standard hand vise may be filed or ground on one side to indi- ted size and shape, then mounted n a base. However, this will not be found as satisfactory, owing 10 exces sive side play in the jaws. fe Le Bid Variable Speed Tachometer Unit Hes Simple Design NAS, Grossi Tix,—A variable speed tachometer testing unit was designed at this station and built in the mis chine shop of the Aircraft: Main tenance Department, This unit con: sists of a 14 horse electric motor, a variable speed drive,a master tachom. eter; and a power take-off for test ing either mechanical or electrical ‘The variable drive consists of uwo metal discs, a fiber wheel, and a cross feed mecha: tachometers speed 24 nism. One of the dises is driven at constant speed by the electrical mo tor and variable speed is obtained on the other dise by feeding the fiber wheel in and out across the discs It is possible with this arrange ment to obtain speeds from 50 RPM to about 6,000 RPM. The unit is of very simple design, is easy and eco. nomical to manufacture, and main: tenance is practically negligible. [Destaen YA, P, Lawes, ANC AND R, P phun aie} Are Your Clamps Tight? Safety Wiring Is Deceptive MCAB, Mesa, —Incx perienced mechanics, even’ though trained to check tightness of hose lamps, tend to accept safety wiring as evidence that clamps are tight. Teis believed that if safety wire were left off all nacelle hove lauyps asis Amy practice, mechanics would check for tightness more often, as well as with less trouble. Six to eight hours Kearney Adjusting Voltage Regulator Recommended for Carbon Pile Several instances of poor regula “double twace,” instability, and excessive wear of car bon pile regulators have been re ported in reeent months. Most of these. problems can be overcome by proper adjustment of the voltage regulator. Technical Note 3-43 was prepared to provide information on the proper method of adjustment. It also includes useful information on the operation, theory, and mechanical construction of these regulators. It is ion, ‘“jiuer” or recommended that this Technical Note be carefully read and stud ‘The last sentence of paragr: 16 (e) TE (b) of the TN points out the approximately adjustment. With such an adjustment, a drop in voltage up to 59 may result as load is applied, droop” provides a more stable regu lating point and a longer period of operation of the carbon pile before the pile screw needs to he screwed in to take up for pile wear experienced correct This lowered voliag 8 le B | cnerenacerenetres REGULATOR cous tHE serTinc 13 shieTeO Ih atvare required for one man to safety- wire one engine completely, so there should also be considerable saving in > BUAER COMMENT —DuAar latter Aur-E-2514~ IMB, F27-2(2), 74676 of 18 May, coll tention loc hat setaty wire om hose clamps isnot Stondord AN-746 clamps new bring preduced de not incorporate hole for safety wir in thumbscrew. re Puller Eases Change Stotions Will Get Removal Tools CASU 2, Paciric. Because of great difficulty experienced in. removing tires from TRE-’s and FAU-I's, this uunit has designed and constructed a tite puller to aid in the operation Ta exaay taseasegs the shin wit to the tire with such force that a pres of some type is needed to sep. rate the two. Frequently in the past it has taken two men as long as two hours to change a tire by hand. Now one man using the puller can do the job in 30 minutes, The device is small enough to be carried and used at the plane. Tires of TBF-1’s wear on the out: side half, and longer life is possible by reversing the rotation frequently (See ‘TN. 67-42). Without the use of a puller or press, many casings are bruised and made unfit for further service. The puller iy made of mate- rial available in any service unit and can be manufactured by unit per sonnel. If made up in quantity for distribution to operating units, the use of Acme thread rather than N. is recommended. TDrvares i Maciunave 8, 1 Nicnoua, USN] ‘A. Buher CONMENT—.0. 8249-44 (Conract (N8ts-15916) ordered 1.000 sets of Firestone 1 deawings and specifications of the CASU 2tost ‘re wanted, itis suggested that the aetvity cor ‘respond with CASU 2 and net with BuAer, PBY Plywood Platforms Permit Closer Parking of Hulls NAS, Prnsacots.—Replacing bulky ype wotkstands ar NATC, Pensacola, are platforms made of luwweight plywood and supported by wing strut fictings on the hull of a PRY seaplane. ‘These new platlorms provide a wo by fourteen foot working area Jong both sides of the tower. They wre supported by the hull, thus eli nating necessity of moving floor stands when hulls are shifted to an- other location. (Gontinnert next page) (Succeeds (st of Argus 18, 190) LATEST NUMBERS OF ENG Bulletin Engine Pratt & Whitney | Being issued 82843 Being issued Being issued sues Being issued Tse 52648 Being issued seas Being issued S104 S343 eecubtessae Sean Fh ES FE Tide he fs toeet PROPELLER BULLETINS September 20, 1943 oF publications bet ‘fer trom ravens In tat the above st now includes the latest propelr‘ond cular’ powerplant Dulein seis. AUXILIARY POW Date Continental | | R670. | 7-30-48 Ranger 770. 6 v770 8 General Engine ‘Bulletin Date 6 fore 7 | Being s | Being issued S243 General Propeller ‘bulletin sizlen a. incaliag fe ‘ ser of the recently edablshed 25[pay Use of these platforms also allows loser parking of hulls in the over haul and repair area. An eight outlet air manifold and eight electrical re cepracles are mounted on the plat form 10 provide power for Drawings are available upon request at the Plant Seetion, ARR Depart ment. tools. Oxygen Mask Suspension Fighting Squadron 32 has pro: posed a method of suspension for the type D, demand type oxygen mask which appears (0 be satistac tory for units using demand type oxygen systems, who find the present method of suspending this mask im adequate This method utilizes a fabric sup- port developed by the Naval Air Material Center to obtain a mor satisfactory suspension and, in addi- tion, employs quick disconnect fi tings and elastic bands. The suspen: sion illustrated has been found to provide a more comfortable mask fit and gives an adequate range of ad- justment for the attaching straps. treated fabric approxi: mately 12 02, per square yard dyed, the same color as the mayk, has been found satisfactory Jor this purpose Type A-14 oxygen masks incorpo rating a greatly improved method of weighing 26 suspension are now under procure ment and are being issued in quan: fity as they become available. Oleo Strut Gauge Is Useful Can Be Made from Scrap Metal ADU, Port Covusmus, — The En- gincering Department here has de veloped has proved useful in checking the height of landing gears of the vari ous airplanes serviced, Owing to the simplicity and usefulness of this gauge. it is believed that other activ. ities may wish 10 copy it, Serap metal Carrier Tire Inflation Pumps LP System Now Being Modified Since tires of carrier type aircraft now require pressures of more than 100 Ths, p.si the LP system aboard carriers does not have sufficient ca pacity to satisfy present tire needs. To remedy this situation, BuAer is ranging to have the carrier LP sys. tem modified to. provide a working pressure of 200 Ibs. psi In the interim, Aerol High Pres sure Hand Pumps and portable gaso line powered Par Compressors. are being procured by BuAer. They can be obtained by carriers in commis sion on requisition to BuAcr, and will be furnished to future ships ‘as part of commissioning allowance. The next edition of BuAer Allow ance List, Section “G”, will provide may be used im its amanufacture, one compressor for each cartier, six (Succeeds lst of August 15, 1943) AND_ OBSOLESCENT NE BULLETINS AND CHANGES (CONTRACT CHANGES NOT INCLUDED) September 15, 1943 Airplane Bulletin Date Change Date 6) 52243 Poe a2) e203) Ta 3 a Tras 10 1343 3 28 17| 173 1s sur 13| 5443 18 | 3343 ° st 1 643 2% | 726-43 50 126-483 i sr 4 2 26 | a | 3 36 ‘ 5 20 it 7 i ° a 3 4 2B ‘ s Py 8 | 3 3 5 4 3 | 7pumps for CV's, and four pumps for CVL’s and GVE‘s. Since quantity of pumps now available is small, it is suggested that carriers in com limit their first requisitions t© wo. Self-Motivated Wheels Suggestion Lacks Practicality NAS, Mrtnovawe.—A suggestion has been submitted by the station for self-motivated landing gear wheels for airerafe which start rotation of the wheel prior to contact with the runway, thus saving and prolonging life of the tire Vanes of rubber, molded as an in- tegral part of inner sidewall of tite would ruse tire to rotate, ‘This would be adaptable only to planes with retractable gear, Thus, gear was retracted, vanes on innet sidewalls would be folded out of the airstream, i. €., between tire and air- plane. Then, shen gear was let dow for landing, these vanes on inner side- walls would be exposed to the a stream, causing wheels to rotate in desired direction (accomplished by installing wheels so vanes would turn them just as vanes on a mill wheel ot water wheel turn it) Since airplane tives wear out chielly from sudden contact of a motionless ire with runway, this means of get ting them in motion would give al- most the lifetime of an autc tire Variations would undoubtedly have to be made, but the principle is just ile ANSWERS TO DEAD RECKONING AND CELESTIAL NAVIGATION PROBLEM 1. Mognete heeding a6 2. Colltrted airspeed 109k 3. Prodicied grovnd speed 128 k 4. Estimoled ime of arrival GCT 1551 5. GCT1500 DR position tat 27"-39's ong.112°49! € 6..6¢r 1500 Fx tat 2746! § ong. 112°=33' E 7. Wind Fores 36k Direction 067" 4. Magnetic heading to 336 9, Revised ETA ocr 1547 10, Mognetie heading 169 11. Course Mo 12 era 1917 13, GCF 1820 OR positon 14. Fix Long.113°=38' E 1S.Revined ETA = Ger 924 NOTE: Tolerances of we or tres miles or two tr tras degrese from the anewars ore com ‘dered comect ee 9 n wthich"ha cought tide which woste exuntaredt he Since speed sna longes need as sound and practical as that of a anill wheel or grain hoist—in this case being applied to reverse > BoAER CONMENT—The suggestion that land. Ing quer whesle be motivated a preveefed conte wih runway hos been subied ond varius methods 1 mechanical mens The suggestion that cups or vanes be attached 10 the main landing whoo ees is submitted f= ‘quently for coesideration. Investigation her revealed thot basicaly iis dovbifel whether eny pre-rototionol device would broke action. The cunfer of the teed, or the crown, is the area worn by scuffing when the Since thin is the ements ther romway te Gest the ire, due to increased broke ry wheels, where me broke ection Thus; it ie readily observed thot the we Je scuffing ofthe initial contac methods of pre-rotating whe 1 remedial effect on tire swear, the Bureau de ‘not consider use of prerofational devices prac Neable at this time for use on military eiverat, ALIN SQUADRONS 10 Your Pilots Wear PROPER GEAR 273 y A Aerial photographers as gunners 6/5. ‘Aerial photography in. color 6/5 ‘Aerial target release assembly ol Acrologieal information cavering combat areas. 6/1 Aileron, control Tock 5A Aircraft arming replica os Aireraft carrier arresting gear, surplus stocks of 4/15 Aircraft propulsion stems. Aircraft shipwreck kit ‘Air intake opening, device seals. Airmae filter paper 30 Aitplane dactocs (jechnieal training) 7A Airship. peloris compass aA 52 Aiespeed! indicator troubled by moisture 3; bz Aldis lamp V5, 1 Ammunition feed system in) PBY-¥', entrance ‘of sand, water, ete 6” " Antiairerafe fre, Japanese 5” 1 Asscinbly micchanism 10 defuse bombs. 6 #2 Acteogeaph aid to navigation om planes 8A 46 Automatic pilot BAL i Automatic pilot publications 2/5 18 Automatic pilots, shortage of 1/5 7 Automatic telease in parachuting AB. 2 Dall-bearing lubrieat Balloons for life tafe Bicycle lights om parachutes Binvoular cases for carrying glases Hind proot windshield Boas, Bre fighting Dornts racks a Rosnibis, assembly mechanism for detuzin Bouin, foam swivel Bovesight template designs ‘personnel Boresight template for PAP Bumpers, wooden, eut damaye to PBY's Buoy books, “grabie" type Buoys for shotown Nua Biers Brackets, elevation gear replacement Bushings, sum gear, manufuewure of 28 c Cartier arresting gear, surplus stocks of. Carrier take-ofl tedinique. Cartridge statters, note on operations Gare to carry fire-fighting equipment Catalog of synthetic training devices Catapule tues Charger, manual, for SB2C1 airplanes Gharboard installation in TBF-1 Chart, waterproof, for tile rafts Check list beating equipment. Chest straps to. prevent injuries Chute, Link ejection Cleaning stand for en Cockpit instrament ge Compression test gage Gomputer, square search Control locks for rudder and ‘aileron 28 Cover, insulated aizaalt engine 0 Graft has three purposes 28 Crash procedare following accident 5A 2 D Dampers for exhaust flame (TIN. No. 10-45) 35 D/F position ploster : x0 Delivery from plane to ship expedited 38 Device sists out sand, dust Diesel engines may he used to ran planes ig fat tnes| 28 Dolly for PRAY. Dolly, Bydraulic crab, for moving. planes Dope’ reduces breakage Drift sight, pelorus Drift sights for mark 6 and 7 enrvets Drying tower for parachites, portable Dats serenely Eaphone receptacles for more comfort Bf Bs Ensy-olt, new method far removing broken. 7/16 a Hectrial connector trouble due 10 vibration. 3/15 8 Flectnie taining tmttet 5 2 Elevation. gear replacement bracket 8 % Enemy parts, scrapped, use of 3 Fngine cleaning stand. aL Engine failure leading 6 Engine pants, preservati 2Sulpmiat H erek Hae ; 18 Gh aannu seats toe rick De 6 Tgayesw Kish cate : 3 inex) sgh, 38 ell, Sexbmuncre 7a Dee Galen lings tS rf night otto FAC a Exhaust flame dampers (EA: Nov 10.00... 5/18 $i arn bv ighter plone, ceeaeinagy earmaog Wd “0 Exhmiot hating foo 5 2» H is BG can nae hel fabs covery ad dopfry pestod uprizsss 41h Haven for seaplane Fubeie dope, ow to nenote a8 2 Heating squipmen, cxamination of Faded id arkingy repair ok 23 4) —_-Heating guns on hginer att Eling, Beate ites oer eto ob its A Helles Drpstlated nal age fot File, un ers 7A Si ooksy bur varauls typ Hille far wide ange ia aA Hydranlic cab dolly for moving panes Flier paper, alma oA Hydraulic pump faiore and revedy File extiopusher, spear holt si Hycsaclie poley Vilar Firs puting boat vA Firefglaing pomp’ cre a1 Pree sede of cacy elo aA Fal gg for feral an Fire fee reel developad 1 Flame damping exhaust systems (1.N, No 10413) Raps, lowering of a Ke ai H Hare pot to present fies 3} Flares, kermeene 37 Flares parocbnt 5 Mashlight for taxi diietos si Flight-test reorder 2 Floats, wing ip compartmentation 31 Font ‘wivel boom 10 reich iguting planes 2 Foel caps, substitute for Fuel cells, self sealing FAU-1 guns Paves: for caeuls SG DOLLY SOLVES PHAY-I°s PROBLEM CRAFT SERVES THREE PURPOSES Game: hoard ais 0 Ganline systems, training tn, mn 2 (Gas turbine propulsion for planes a 10 1 Ganges, presneat, in SNV-IC ays 3 . : recess ae a 3 foe, special tire tread 10-make Gres grip om... 2/15 a7 Pree ena NBT oe $3 [improper handling of planes on ground. .s7. 3/15 a Glare, windshield, cured. a5 Inspection of fe tlt oa Glider tor Navy, tens held Ws, meee Al 7 iM Goagien, antl ogsing s iru ake-ol 15 Gosport Vis rete oslied PONCE lve 3 so 4 Japanese anttaiseeae ire aA 1 Japanese fighter aircraft w/b 1 Jeep towing planes succofil 5/ u Jig for assembling engines, portable a 2% Jig for landing gear repair oA Jig to make corrections in link babe sextants 7/19, Jungle hit, parachute” equipment % K Karry Kanes for crashed atirat 8s Kerosene removes sludge Lom oll pasuiges.| 7/15 Bl Kerosene roa fire. a5 -YWORKSINCLOSEQUARTERS BRACKET FOR ELEVATION GEAR Rite inset As Kits, parachuce” equipment 5/5 Grabit” type buoy hooks va Ground ewe improper habdling of planes... $/18 Guard for master switch _ an t Gun belt link ejection troubles remedied... $/1 Landing gear rept fig a Gun bisters of PBY:8, plexiglas sheets in... 5/1 Life buoys for shotdown Nadi Miers 36 Gun camera film, 7” Lite jacket repels fe w Gunsring solenoids ia Lite ratt, Arty 30 Gun latch, Bexible, SBD a Life Fal ballon 4Life ralt, installation of, in OSU alrplanes Ife ral anissors to attract rescuers. Life raft, parachute-type Life rats Life ralts, droppable from planes Wo water ite raft signaling lights Life rafts, inspertion of Tie rafts, signal lights for Lite ratis, waterproot chart for Life rafes with masts and sail used by Anny Lights lick wee hazaid Lights on taxiways for night fyi Link jection chu Load indicator, design of si Locks, contr), for rudder and aileron Lubricating oil, shortage possibility M aieplanes, v weuvering, 1B)-1 TO. No. 23-43) Manifold pressure gages Map containers, tes Map. projection models Maps plasticene relief Map surface, preparing of ay asi Byte, A 8s. TA Maps, S-dimensiowal, weather Map, weather reference Master switch, guate for Medical Kit straps on as shoulder holster. Mirrors for life vats, Mobile navigation trainer Motor generator unite for carriers Mules, midget shop, steering mediantis Navigation aid developed Navigational publications on amen for students Navigation trainer, mobile mode! Navigation, use of astrograph to aid Night fight training device Nose wheel failure causes ssrecks 30 9/15 6A. 3/1 x afl aA 28 it 4 3 su 4 16 "0 4 Overtanls on PBs Oxygen docs not hur Oxygen masks e Patnut wrendh mate trom hacksaw blade Paper parachutes fox Iinding snpplies Patachtte, automatic release (or Parathute detent, fatality i Parachute drying tower, portable Parachute equipment kits Parachate fares Parachute ju Parachute Rit hag Parichute, new model tested Parachute, QAB, attaching and using arachiute ring holder Parachites, bicycle Hight Parachutes, how to entry, how to wear Parachutes, paper, for landing, supplies Parachuteype Tife ralt Parachute water landings Parallax in reflector sight adjust wan 6 As. PRJ-1 airplanes, restrictions on maneuvering (TO. No, 23-48) Pelorus compass available for airship use Polorus dvitt sight Personnel boats folographers,nerial, a 8 Photography in color, serial Pigeons asec on blimps Pistol pyrotechnic stowage Plane to ship delivery expedited Plawetowing jeep. Plasticene relict mape Plevigliss sheets in gust blisters of FBY.5 Portable jig for assembling engines Portable parachute drying tower Preheat gauges in. SNV-1S. Press for removal of Hires Propeller accumulator failures. Propetier reduction gear Propeller, sx-bladed, slid Propulsion system Protractors to adjust travel of ailevons. Purp, hydraulic, failures Push rod. tester Pyrotechnic, pistol, stowage Pytotechnie projector kits Q QAM parachute, ausehiag and using Racks for fabric covering & doping Radio console designed Radio drill table Radio flight-test recoider Radio static on planes, remedies Rale equipment, cssontial Raft signalling lights. Rearming boas Recoguition equipment, reyes for Reduction geat, propdier Reel, fire hose, developed Reel, tow . Rellector sight adapter Rellector sights, adjusting for pavallas eBRe 0Release for auc of gun mount 6 Removing broken exsy-out 7A Resitition on maneuvering PBJ airplanes TO. No. 2045) Reversing relay in Manin 251 CE-3A turrets an PIAY-1 airplanes ots Ringer for plane vescue 5/15 Rocket planes, possibilities of aA Reale, oontrul locks for ad Safety clatedes om starters Safety fate pet to prevent tes Salvage erat «0 Sand balkit, proper lashing 0 Sandbags fer planes Sand dilts stopped by “snow fences sats SUD tlexibile tt Tateh of Scotch tape, suggested 2 remedy against spray, 7/1 Senut plane manesveting ects Ea Serapped enemy. prs, we of a degtee yi Seaplane haven ¥ 7” Seaplane ramp sa Seanblighis visotes TORT gas Sea water, how io driak on shore a Seit-sealing tue cll 3/16 Seting. 100 shot a sean jig 7A Sights, MO italic on FEA gure... 8/1 Sights, MR9. mounted on Martine model 230 CESS. gun turiels s/t Signal lights ife rafts or presen an Signalling lights for ite alts ve Simulated sub als wager practice s Sicblade propeer being studied f Sleeves, 19Wing. of v5 Snow fencer" for sing a us Solenoids, avnsing VM Stearman’ wing. it steak an Steering mechanism of midget shop wiles... 9/4 Stitch marker, stearman ving tb ais mn Square search computer {Bas Starter, contigs; ‘oteoa operating. oan Stop tor sin flier on Straps, ches, 10. prevent injures. o/s Sun gcar busing, manutactre ol as Syachedie night fi device v1 Stutbetic tratoing devices, catalog of m T Take-off of overloaded planes. ss Takeoff technique, carrier Pa Tape materia, types af #1 Target elense aascmbly, aerial oA Tani directors ash oats Tesivay lights for night aying ord TBP chartboard. instalation ans Tectia tei “4 Temperature troubles, R2W0018 engines...) 2/1 Template boresigh, dewgh oan Template, boresight, for FAP “A Tester for sifery belts s/o Threerdimersional weatee tps 1 Thundestonms 1 Tin map containers i ine damage due to gree, of a ire removal pres. on} for generator oi seal installation ool for suaightesing ignition harness elbows a 2 a 0 x 2 2 6 io 36 Torpedo director, aixplanes equipped with Vorpedo director device Towing planes with jeeps proves successful... 5) Towing target sleeves 115 Tow reel Biheon ae Tow sleeve release device of Tow targets, MK-VIL, conservation of ee Training devices, catalog of 9/1 Training in gayoline systems 7A Faining wirvet, voice communications Hilalled 6/1 Tree luvzard, bgbts combat TAs Trick of gun mount, release for wi Turbines, gas, used to. propel p YA ‘ures, mark 6 and 7 drift sights a9 Tursels, Mastin 250 CH-2, for taining 7 Turrets, Martin 250 CEA, on EBIVI ait planes, reversing relay Bas, Turtels, voice communications installed 6A v {on injusious to electrical cables Visual quiseer Voice. comm w Water landing field made out of shallow pool. 5/1 Water landings: =... 7 ‘Water Jandings with parachute Waterpioof eburt for life rafts Weiler maps, Sdimensional Weather reference map Weather summary Weeks pang yan Wind force prediction table Windshield, bird -proot Windshield plare enred Wind tunnels Wingtip feats, compartmentation Wingtip skids 9/15 Wingealh «avering 3/15) Weedlen bumpers rut damage to PRY's 718 Wrend) for palnuts made Grom hacksaw blade. 5/1 Zz Zero shot, setting of 6A Zones of fire of encmy aitcratt wa 2 31[EA EE eS as: The accompanying phow Zone) cargo transport built at the Dov sch phint for Army and Navy particular interest because it ‘ably. fine theie part in an able and he wat has Long Wi pop HEN cuthuisastic way to Win 1 is abo of particular interest iy that vou two years ago BurAer asked all frms in this area what their plans were as to the employment of women. ‘Their replics at that time, with the exception of one or two fcompaiies were drat they planned w ose hem only 1 a linited degree. Sioce that it new problems as ming ol per otograph shows time the war has fn regards the acquisition and t and the endosed p Cowon, USN (Bern) INA, Douglas Aircraft Co. Santa Monica, Cali — ‘am writing to you in the hope that you will be able to clear up for me a matter that no one on this station seems to know rch about. Tam a reserve Naval aviator and would Jike norhing betier dan to become a mem her of the regular Navy. 1 can't seem ta get_any information on bow, when, and where to submit an application Tr. (0) USNR {| Application for appointment of officers of the Naval Reserve to the line of the regular Navy should be submitted to the Bureau of Naval Personnel only when the service is requested to do. so. Eligibility for appointment is limited to physically Qualified officers of the Reserve meet ing the requirements described in a orb. a, Naval Reserve aviators were less than 25 years of age upon BEST ANSWERS te questions on pose & la 2e da se Se bb 32 successful completion of training as aviation cadets, and who have prov pects of completing on June the year in which they are appointed to the regular Navy not less than 18 months continuous active service next following completion of duty as aviation cadets, b. Officers commission Naval Reserve on gradua NROTG who were less than 25 years of age upon reporting for continuous active duty on board Navy ships, and who have completed not less th cone year of such duty, BuPers will not make replies 10 applications from officers of the Naval Reserve who are not eligible for appointment. (See BuPers Circw- lar Letter 127-43.) — din. the from Boxing is one form of physical exercise at this center that helps develop two-fsted fitness in eolisted men training for duty he Fleet, The accompanying pictre fives an idea of equipment set up Wt ors for this practice Navat, Aum Trensicat, Trans Ceyrn Memphis ‘Our 200 copies of Naval Aviation Nuws are distributed to department heads. In ad: tition, each company officer receives sev feral copies for the use of men in his com: pany. Other copies are placed fn the maga Zine tacks of the library; Dack numbers are catalogued and fled. We find that the lic brarian bad been a litte doubttul about making the publication too openly avail Able 10 the men since each isve is marked Restricted" hats an angle that may tend to limit cizculation undaly elsewhere Litur., USNR Naval Air Technical Training Genter Navy Hier, Chicago Ss {| Naval Aviation News should be made available to all men holding aviation rates, as well as to officers. The fact that it is Restricted, not Confidential, makes this posible. Ke hone fs for the wing what a stickler Grampaye Pett Jit way of doing things, Twas surprised to see Naval Aviation Nuws poll one ftsele roar On dhe cover plate of the August 15 jcture ol an SBD being pushed the deck. Right there on the hind side of the lelt wing i a guy pushing away nt ahout a 45° angle on the erailing edge of the aileron. He isn't satistied with only that bot with one hand he is giving same treatment to the fletes T have combated just this same thing on numerous carriers and. right now T an sting ia my small way tn the makin a tralniug film to show these lads the right way of doing tings on the Might deck. And What happens? Why some bird 1am laying flown the fav to in my own quiet way ater removing him fin the aileron, et cetera says "Look", and shows Naval Aviation The prosecution resis Litvr. Coume., USN Fleet air, West Coast NAS, Sun Diego Pst is sy to the Book Verse 3.* od that referene be made ‘St. Matthew, Chapter 7 4 Naval Aviation News pleads guilty and Grampaw Pettibone enters a plea for clemency "And why heboldet thou the mate that Sein — SE) came souaDkons } | Do Your Pilots Wear | Gre PROPER GEARDIAGRAM OF NEW INSIGNIA Army-Navy Aeronautical Specification AN-I-9b dated Aug. 14, 1943 INSIGNIA BLUE % INSIGNIA BLUE INSIGNIA WHITE (OR GRAY, AS APPLICABLE) TOP STAR POINT INSIGNIA WHITE R GRAY, AS c ' APPLICABLE)COMPARISON OF KUMA cLAsi ‘ he col Beront c cry