V Definition ² Any substance in food that

V the body can use to obtain energy,

V synthesize tissues or regulate functions

V Function:
V 1. Energy source
V 2. Structure ² bones, muscles & all cells
V 3. Regulate bodily processes ² BP, energy
production, temperature regulation
V Essential Nutrients
² Must be obtained in the diet
² The body cannot make or cannot make
adequate amount.

Classes of Nutrient
V 1. Carbohydrates
V 2. Lipids/fats
V 3. Protein
V 4. Vitamins
V 5. Mineral
V 6. Water
Classes of nutrients can also be divided as
1. Organic
² Contains carbon in the structure
² Carbs, fats, protein & vitamins

2. Inorganic
² Does not contain carbon
² Mineral, water
Nutrient can be divided into:
1. Macronutrient
² Needed in large amount
² Carbs, fats & protein

2. Micronutrient
² Needed in smaller amount
² Vitamins. mineral
Energy
‡ the capacity to do work.
‡ Energy in food is chemical energy, which
the body
converts to mechanical, electrical or heat
energy.
‡ Carbs, fats, protein ² source of energy
Kilocalories (kcal)
‡ A unit used to measure energy
‡ Food energy is measured in kilocalories
(1000 calories = 1 kilocalories)
Calculation Energy Available from Foods
Carb = 4kcal/g
Fat = 9kcal/g
Protein = 4kcal/g

V E.g., Calculate kcal for 275g carbs, 75g

protein & 67g fat
V Answer ²
V 275g carbs x 4kcal/g = 1100kcal
V 75g protein x 4kcal/g = 300kcal
V 67g fat x 9kcal/g = 600kcal
TOTAL = 2000kcal
V Calculating the % of Kcal from nutrients

E.g.,
V 275g carbs x 4 = 1100kcal
V 1100kcal ÷ 2000kcal = ¢¢ carbs kcal

V 75g protein x 4 = 300kcal

V 300kcal ÷ 2000kcal = O¢ protein kcal

V 67g fat x 9 = 600kcal

V 600kcal ÷ 2000kcal = —0 fat kcal
V e.g., How much energy is produced
in a diet containing 850g of
carbohydrate, 90g of fat, 140g of
protein, 35g of alcohol and 100g of
fiber.

V 850g carbohydrates x  = —00

‰ 140g protein x  = ¢
0
‰ 90g fat x 9 = —
0
‰ 35g alcohol x 7 = 2¢
Total kcal = 
¢

V E.g., An Arsenal football player
aged 24 years old has a
bodyweight of 75kg and energy
intake of 3800 kcal/day. How many
grams of carbohydrate has he
taken if his carbohydrate intake is
55% of his daily caloric intake.

1g of carbs = 4kcal
Carbs intake = 3800 x 0.55 = 2090
2090kcal carbs ÷ 4g/kcal = ¢22.¢