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Subhransu Roy
September 7, 2010
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 1 / 16
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 2 / 16
U 1 = U ( 1 ) =
2 U 2
(U u)d y ud y
0 0
2 U ( 1 2 ) =
1 dp dU = U dx dx d d p w = dx dx
(x) 0 (x)
u2d y ud y
0
Autumn 2010 3 / 16
Fluid Mechanics
x x
d U dx
Boundary layer Eq
dU d w = (x)U dx dx
(x) 0
d u dy + dx
2 (x) 0
(x) 0
dU U ud y dx
(x)
ud y
0
w 2 U
(U u) d y
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 4 / 16
y=0
Therefore the nal equation for laminar boundary layer involving and f () is: 1 d f () d (22 + 1 ) dU 2 + = dx 2U dx 2 U d
u 2 u u +v = u x x y 2 =0: u =0 v =0 2 u =0 2 u =1 U u =0
=1:
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 6 / 16
Sinusoidal prole
sin u = U 1
1 = 1 = 2 = 2 = d f () = d =0
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 7 / 16
d = 11.5 = 4.8 x
dx U
4.8 = U x Rex
=0
CD =
2 d 2 22 (L) (L) dx = = 22 L dx L L
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 8 / 16
Hydrodynamic and
thermal boundary layers for at plate Development of integral equation for boundary layers A suitable velocity and temperature prole in BL Find out the boundary layer thickness
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 9 / 16
u u +v u x y T T u +v x y
= =
2 u 2 y 2 T 2 y
Using length scale, L, velocity scale, U and temperature scale, (T w T ) the dimensionless equations with starred () dimensionless variables become u u
u
+v
= =
1 2 u ReL y 2 1 2 ReL Pr y 2
u +v x y
Hydrodynamic boundary layer /L = f(x , ReL ) and Thermal boundary layer T /L = f(x , ReL , Pr) Ratio T / = f(Pr) as will be seen later
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 10 / 16
udy
udy
uCp T dy
Free Stream velocity U temperature T yer dynamic boundary la hydro er mal boundary lay H ther T wall temperature Tw x
x0
d = dx y=0 d = dx y=0
H 0 H 0
d u d y U dx
2
H 0
d u d y = dx
H 0
H 0
u(U u) d y
H 0
d uc p T d y c p T dx
d u d y = dx
c p u(T T ) d y
Autumn 2010 11 / 16
y ==0 (x) =1 u U
: : =
: : =
= 0,
=0
= 1, =0 T = (3 2 ) T 2
H 0
q w = U k(T T w ) U T
(u/U ) w = 2 U U
d = dx =0
u u (1 ) (x) d U U
d T (x) = dx
u (1 ) d T U
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 12 / 16
3 (1 2 ) U 2
d = (x) dx =0
1 0
(3 2 ) 1 (3 2 ) d 2 2
4.64 Rex
T T (3 2 2 ) 1 (3 2 ) d T T T 2 2
d 3(14 2 ) d 3T 3 = T 2 U T dx 280 dx 20 1 1 d 1 d d 2 2 d = T = 2 + [T ] = U 10 d x 10 d x 10 dx dx
2 1 2 2 d 3 1 2 2 d 3 d 3 1 d 2 + = + = 10 dx dx 10 3 d x 2 dx
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 13 / 16
boundary layer
4x d 3 13 1 + 3 = 3 dx 14 Pr
14 4x d 3 = + 3 U 13 U 3 d x 13 1 14 Pr
2 280 = x2 13 U x
x0 1 1 1 = 1.026 Pr1/3 x
3/4 1/3
3/4 1/3
Autumn 2010 14 / 16
Cf and Nu
substituting the valies of and T we get 3 1 x 3 1 3 w = = = 2 U 2 U 2 Rex 2 Rex 13 Rex 280
C f ,x
3/4 1/3
Fluid Mechanics
Autumn 2010 15 / 16
C f ,x 2
0.332 Rex
1/3
Re1/2 x
x0 1 x
3/4 1/3
Reynolds analogy between momentum and heat transfer C f ,x 2 Reynolds Colburn analogy
Fluid Mechanics
= St for Pr = 1
C f ,x 2
= St Pr2/3
Autumn 2010 16 / 16