Design of T-Beam

7
7
Effective Flange Width
Strength of T-Sections
Maximum Steel in T-Beams
T-Beams Design
Reinforced Concrete Design
Reinforced Concrete Design
Asst.Prof.Dr.Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET
S U R A N A R E E
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
N.A.
d
b
d
b
b
w
Two sections with equal bending strength
Increase bending strength by using flange area
N.A.
b
f
A
s
steel area can
be increased easily
b
w
t
Built-in T/L Sections
in One-Way Slab System
SLAB
FLANGE
WEB
b
w
b
E
b
E
h
s = span
s
0
= clear span
Effective Flange Width ( b
E
)
0.85
c
f

b
Theoretical stress distribution
0.85
c
f

b
E
Simplified rectangular stress distribution
Selection of b
E
Isolated T-section:
1) b
E
4 b
w
2) t b
w
/2
b
E
b
E
b
E
Interior T-section:
1) b
E
L / 4
2) b
E
b
w
+ 16t
3) b
E
c-c of beams
Exterior T-section:
1) b
E
b
w
+ L / 12
2) b
E
b
w
+ 6t
3) b
E
b
w
+ b
0
Continuous T-Beam
- -
+ + +
Bending Moment
Diagram
Compression Area
in Sections
A
A
Section A-A
B
B
Section B-B
C
C
Section C-C
?
Case 2: Compression area in
flanges only
Behave as a rectangular
section: width = b
E
b
E
Midspan section: A-A
Case 1: Compression area in
flanges and web
Behave as a composite
T-section
A
s
A
s
Support section: B-B
Compression area in web
(flanges cracked)
Behave as a rectangular
section: width = b
w
b
w
T = A
s
f
s
f
c
Strength of T-section (WSD)
Case 1: Compression area in flanges and web ( kd > t )
N.A.
b
E
t
d
A
s
b
w

s
kd A
1
A
2
/2 A
2
/2
Separate compression area into A
1
and A
2
1
1
2
c w
C f b kd =
Compression on A
1
( )
2
2
2
c E w
kd t
C f b b t
kd

=
Compression on A
2
C
2
C
1
f
c
(kd-t)/kd
From F
x
= 0, T = C
1
+ C
2
( )
1 2
2 2
s s c w c E w
kd t
A f f b kd f b b t
kd

= +
Define:
,
s s
E c
A f
m
b d f
= =
( )
1 2
2 2
E c c w c E w
kd t
b d m f f b kd f b b t
kd

= +
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 0
w E w E E w
b kd t b b kd m b d kd b b t + =
Solve quadratic equation for kd
1
2
c c
t
M f bt jd
kd

=


Concrete:
s s s
M A f jd = Steel:
Case 2: Compression area in flanges only ( kd < t )
b
E
t
d
A
s
b
w
T = A
s
f
s
f
c
C

s
kd
Behave as a rectangular
section: width = b
E
[ ]
1
2
c E s s
C T f b kd A f = =
[ ]
2
Check
s s
c E
A f
kd t
f b
=
Strength of T-section (SDM)
N.A.
b
E
b
w
A
s
t

c
= 0.003

s
>
y
d
d - a/2
T = A
s
f
y
C
1 : a t rve.:.-:avurve.-e:. v. b
E
e d
[ ] 0.85
c E s y
C T f b a A f

= =
nvr.-eu.e.a':. v
0.85
c E
s
y
f b t
A
f

..eaur a |e..
0.85
s y
c E
A f
a t
f b
=

eu|:.:v.
( / 2) ( / 2)
n
M T d a C d a = =
A
2
/2
N.A.
b
E
b
w
A
s
t

c
= 0.003

s
>
y
d
d - a/2
T = A
s
f
y
C
1
A
2
/2
A
1
C
2
d - t/2
( )
1 2
0.85 and 0.85
c w c E w
C f b a C f b b t

= =
1 2
( / 2) ( / 2)
n
M C d a C d t = +
2
0.85
c w
T C
a
f b

1 2 s y
T A f C C = = +
2 : a > t nvru.aeu. T .unvr.uv 2 evra .arv A
1
u.ae C
1
.e:urv A
2
u.ae C
2
o.aa++n =.+ .rve eu.ee M
n
rarv u.e T .:au rv.u vev-v ranvvu
rv: r 8 .:.::-:-rv 4 .:. -ve-v.rav . f
c
= 240 ..r:.
.
ra.-e f
y
= 4,000 ..r:.
.
b
E
30 cm
63.5 cm
12 cm
A
s
= 40.52 cm
2
.en+ :+) n.er:u:ert.erarvr .uvrvare era
L/4 = 800/4 = 200 r:..
b
w
+ 16t = 30 + 16(12) = 222 r:.
:::-rv = 400 r:.
o.uor evv b
E
= 200 r:.
:.) n.er a |ee::.- a t
T = f
y
A
s
= 4.0(40.52) = 162 .v
162
3.97
0.85 0.85 0.24 200
c E
T
a
f b
= = =

r:. < 12 r:. OK
:.) n.e e.vrv|:.:v.ee
( / 2) 162(63.5 3.97 / 2)
n
M T d a = =
= 9,965 .vr:. = 99.7 .v.:.
o.aa++n =.a .rve eu.evrarvu.e T .e -ve-v.vrav .
f
c
= 240 ..r:.
.
ra.-e f
y
= 4,000 ..r:.
.
80 cm
20 cm
N.A.
A
1
A
2
/2 A
2
/2
91 cm
A
s
=85cm
2

cu
=0.003

s
>
y
a
0.85f
c
C
1
C
2
T
40 cm
.en+ :+) n.er:u:ert.erarv
r:. evvrr b
E
= 80 r:.
r:. OK
4 4(40) 160
E w
b b = =
2 40/ 2 20
w
t b = =
:.) n.er a |ee::.- a t
T = f
y
A
s
= 4.0(85) = 340 .v
340
20.8
0.85 0.85 0.24 80
c E
T
a
f b
= = =

r:. > 20 r:. NG
evv.a.nvru.aerarav.aa.u veaev
C = 0.85(0.24)(40)a + 0.85(0.24)(80-40)(20) = T = 340 .v
8.16a + 163.2 = 340
C
1
= 8.16(21.7) = 177 .v. C
2
= 163 .v
:.) n.e e.vrv|:.:v.ee
a = 21.7 r:.
21.7 20
177 91 163 91
2 2
n
M

= +


= 27,406 .vr:. = 274 .v.:.
Maximum and Minimum Steel
s E
A b d =
1 : a t rve.:.-:avurve.-e:. v. b
E
e d
u :e.-e.e :ren:e:ee
W
b b
E
b
b
=
1
0.85 6,120
6,120
c
b
y y
f
f f

=


+

2 : a > t nvru. u. T :urv A
2
u.ae C
2
= 0.85f
c
(b
E
b
w
)t .n:rv
evv..a:u :e.-e.e: A
sf
.n :rvra
( )
0.85
c E W
sf
y
f b b t
A
f

=
u :e.-e.e :ren:e:ee
( )
W
b b f
E
b
b
= +
( )
0.85
f c E W
y W
t
f b b
f b d

=
x
w
V
u
M
u
w
x
Transverse reinforcement:
.-e.e::re e
0.75
s
b
E
A
b d
=
.-e.e:vare e
0.8
14
c
s
W
W y y
f
A
b d f f

=
e-u.-e.e:u|:.:v.eu .e:-v.e. T r urvu.e
min
1.6
14
c
y y
f
f f

o.aa++n =.c .rve-.ua.rv..-e:e e.e:vareera:-rarv-v.erv u
-ve f
c
= 240 ..r:.
.
.e: f
y
= 4,000 ..r:.
.
80 cm
20 cm
N.A.
A
1
A
2
/2 A
2
/2
91 cm
A
s

cu
=0.003

s
>
y
a
b
0.85f
c
C
1
C
2
T
40 cm
x
b
.en+ :+) -. .-v.ve:.rv x
b
.e: a
b
ren:e:eer:.r e
6,120 6,120(91)
55.0 cm
6,120 6,120 4, 000
b
y
d
x
f
= = =
+ +
a
b
=
1
x
b
= 0.85 55.0 = 46.8 cm > [ t = 20 cm ]
:.) n.eu :e.-e.e: A
sb
ven:e:eer:.re
.va. a
b
> t ..a.u.ae.u v 2 ev
C = C
1
+ C
2
= 0.85 f
c
b
w
a
b
+ 0.85 f
c
(b
E
- b
w
) t
= 0.85(0.24)(40)(46.8) + 0.85(0.24)(80-40)(20) = 545 .v
u :e.-e.e :ren:e:ee = 136.3 r:.
.
545.0
4.0
sb
y
C
A
f
= =
:.) n.eu :e.-e:ree
max A
s
= 0.75 A
sb
= 0.75(136.3) = 102.2 r:.
.
:|) n.eu :e.-evare e
2
0.8
0.8 240(40)(91)
11.3 cm
4, 000
c w
y
f b d
f

= =
2
14 14
(40)(91) 12.7 cm
4, 000
w
y
b d
f
= =
o.uor
min A
s
T-Beam Design Procedure
If M
n
< M
u
/ then a > t NG STEP 4.2
STEP 1: Compute ultimate moment M
u
STEP 2: Determine effective width b
E
STEP 3: Assume a = t and Compute M
n
C = 0.85 f
c
b
E
t and M
n
= C (d - t/2)
If M
n
M
u
/ then a t OK STEP 4.1
STEP 4.1: Assume d - a/2 = 0.9 d
( )
/ /
required
/ 2 0.9
u u
s
y y
M M
A
d a f d f

= =

STEP 4.2: Separate compression to C

1
and C
2
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
2
/ / 2 / 2
0.85 / 2 / 2
u
c w
M C d a C d t
f b a d a C d t
= +

= +
- Required A
s
= (C
1
+ C
2
) / f
y
( )
2
0.85
c E w
C f b b t

=
1
- Compute 0.85
c w
C f b a

=
- Solve quadratic equation for a
o.aa++n =.= aa.uu.-e.e :u.erarv-v.er .nau|:.:v.v -vurrr
50 .v.:. |:.:v.v -vur . 100 .v.:. f
c
= 240 ..r:.
.
. f
y
= 4,000 ..r:.
.
.en+ :+) rve eu|:.:v.eer.a
M
u
= 1.4(50) + 1.7(100) = 240 .v.:.
rr.ara .v.:.
240
266.7
0.9
u
n
M
M

= = =
:.) n.er a : t -a':|ee:: .- a = t
.v
.v.:.
.va. e|:.:v.r.a: 264.4 .v.:. evvr a .a: t
0.85 0.85(0.24)(80)(20) 326.4
c E
C f b t = = =
( / 2) 326.4(91 20/ 2) /100 264.4
n
M C d t = = =
:.) rveu:e.-e A
s
|e.unvru.ae.uveaev :A
1
.e: A
2
)
1 2
0.85 0.85 ( / 2)
2
n c c
a
M f A d f A d t

= +


20
266.7(100) 0.85(0.24)(40 ) 91 0.85(0.24)(40)(20)(91 )
2 2
a
a

= +


2
4.08 742.5 13448 0 a a + =
a = 20.4 r:.
..ar |.. max A
s
= 102.2 r:.
.
, min A
s
= 12.7 r:.
.
min A
s
< A
s
< max A
s
OK
C
1
= 0.85(0.24)(40)(20.4) = 166.5 .v
C
2
= 0.85(0.24)(80-40)(20) = 163.2 .v
A
s
= (166.5+163.2)/4.0 = 82.4 r:.
.