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YosemiteFalls,YosemiteNa:onalPark,CA
GlobalWaterResources:VulnerabilityfromClimateChangeandPopula:on Growth
Russia:Summer2010.SeverePersistentRegionalDroughtacross southernRussia
June26July11,2010
HighestTemperaturesRecordedinRussiainpast130years. MODISJuly2027,2011
MassiveRegionalWildresCauseMajorRegionalAirPollu:on
CarbonMonoxideppvd
MOPITTontheNASATerraSatellite:TheonlysatellitetomeasureCO
CropFailuresResultsfromtheDrought,Fires,andExtremeTemperatures
2011SpringDroughtinWestTexas,NewMexico,Arizona
MODISDroughtJune714,2011Iden:edbyReducedVegeta:onCover
DroughtsClosertoHome:ArizonaHoreshoeFireBurningontwo FrontsJune14,2011
MODIS
ArizonasWallowFireBurned286,690acresbyJune9,2011
MODIS
20102011Hasbeena Yearforoodsalso
Mississippi Before
Mississippi Flooded
FloodinginArkansas
April29,2011
May10,2011
TaikanOkiandShinjiroKanae,Science,2006
Disposi:onofAverageAnnualPrecipita:oninU.S.
MediterraneanClimateZonesoftheEarth
40N
40S
CaliforniasWaterBudget:Itseemsthatnoyearisnormal; weareeithertodryortwowet
2011vs.2009
June16,2011 NorthSierra/Trinity 55%/529% CentralSierra 63%/396% SouthernSierra 34%/174%
LakeOrovilleBed02/03/2009LookingWesttowardNorthForkoftheFeatherRiver
CaliforniaReservoirsin2009
CaliforniaStatewidePrecipita:on18851995
SnowpackReduc.on Projectedby2050
Predicted Temperature in 2070-2099 CO2 = 550 ppm 970 ppm CO2 = 550 ppm 970 ppm
Winter
Summer
22
B1
April 1 %SWE snowpack Annual %reservoir inflow Water year flow Centroid, days
A1f1
B1
A1f1
-29
12 -7
Percent Loss
>111,300 km2 Producing 30-40 km3 freshwater Knowles and Cayan, 2004
Howdoweknowhowmuchwaterisusedbyagriculture andnaturalvegeta:on?
ModelofTranspira:onandEvapora:on
Transpira:on Evapora:on
La fac dsur n e
Surface Water
Formostcrops,produc:onandyieldisdirectlyrelatedtocropwateruse
GroundwaterlevelsaredroppinguptosixfeetayearintheSan JoaquinValley
Electromagnetic Spectrum
ThermalIRReectedSolarIR
Characteris:cChangesinVisibleandNearInfraredReectanceasa CropMatures
ChangesinVisibleandNearInfraredReectancewithLeafHealth
PlantFunc:ons
30
CanRemoteSensingbeUsedtoMonitorPlantWaterStatus?
Wavelengthnm
Greenleavesof:
ImageofEarthfromtheMoon
Carotenoids
Visible ShortWave InfraRed (VSWIR) Imaging Spectrometer Multispectral Thermal InfraRed (TIR) Scanner
+
Mapofdominanttreespecies,BartlettForest,NH
RedtidealgalbloominMontereyBay,CA
Es:ma:nguxofCarbonandWateroverAgriculturalRegion
MarthaAnderson,USDAARS,Beltsville,MD
MASTERSpectralBandPosi2ons(VisMWIR)
0.01to6m
MASTERSpectralBandPosi2ons(ThermalIR)
BandCentersvs.AtmosphericFeatures
MASTERSpectralResponseFunc:ons
MASTERInstrument
24in. 20in.
WhatAtmospheric/ weathervariablesdo Iwanttoknow about? NetSWradia:on NetLWradia:on Airtemperature Rela:vehumidity Windspeedand direc:on
39 DaintreeBiosphereReserve,Queensland,Australia
High
(TM4TM3)/(TM4+TM3)
Correla:onbetweenLAIandMASTERNDWI
JoseZarate Valdez,used FisheyeLAI analyzedbySARP studentsto correlateto MASTERNDWIin es:ma:ngen:re orchardcanopy LAI.
Stomata:Ac:vecontrolofwaterlossfromleaves
Stomaw/cavity
Correlation of transpiration rate with leaf temperature: cucumber leaf tissue under controlled conditions
MASTERthermalBand(8.18.5m)
SARP2009analysis CanopyWaterStressIndex
0.3CWSI Cool normalwatered Warm Irriga:onsets:123 Bothorchards Thermalimage usedtogenerate CropWaterStress Indexmap.Higher valuesindicate stress.
TriangleMethodtoinferCropWaterStress (Moranetal.,2004)
45
Highvaluesindicatedinred,lowvaluesoverdrylandinblue.