CR4 - Comment: Re: Transformer short circuit current

SYSTEM EQUIVALENT IMPEDANCE CALCULATIONS MDB %Z---fault impedances at MDB 1. MV System Impedance contribution System voltage Utility Power Short Circuit MVA, MVAUSC System Fault System X/R ratio, X/R Per Unit Impedance, Resistance & Reactance at 100 MVA base Impedance p.u., ZNT Resistance p.u., RNT Reactance p.u., XNT
p.u.=Base p.u.= p.u.=

MVA / MVAUSC
2 2 p.u.) /(1+X/R )]

[(ZNT RNT
p.u.

x (X/R)

Utility Per Unit impedance: Per Unit Impedance, Resistance & Reactance at 100 MVA base Ohm's Law VA = I/V ------- eqn. 1 VA = V2 / Zu ------- eqn. 2 Multiply eqn. 2 by(1000)2 MVAusc = Kv2 /Zu ------- eqn. 3 Solving for Utility impedance Zu Zu = Kv2 / MVAusc ------- eqn. 4 For Zbase Zbase = Kv2 / MVA base ------- eqn.5 For Zpu(per unit) Zpu = Zu / Zbase ------- eqn.6 Divide eqn. 4 by eqn. 5 Then Zpu = (MVAbase/MVAusc) x (Kv2 / kVbase2) For kVu = Kv base, then Zpu = (MVA base / MVA usc) Or MVA usc = MVAbase / Zpu 1. Station Service Transformer Impedance contribution KVA Rating KVAT 1 of 4

CR4 - Comment: Re: Transformer short circuit current

% Impedance at rated kVA, %ZT1 Secondary voltage, KVs Copper loss, PL Impedance, ZT1=10 x %Z x KVS2 / KVAT % Resistance, %RT1=(PL x 100) / KVAT Reactance, %XT1=(%ZT1)2 - (%RT1)2% Transformer per unit impedance: Per Unit Impedance, Resistance & Reactance at 100 MVA base %Impedance Formula %Zt = I x Zt x 100 /V ------- eqn.1 Multiply eqn. 1 by (V/V), then %Zt =Zt x I x V x 100/V2 ------- eqn.2 Simplify; Multiply eqn. 2 by(1000/1000)2 , then %Zt = MVAt x 100/Kv2 ------- eqn.3 Base impedance Zpu = Zt x MVA base / Kv2 base ------- eqn.4 Divide eqq. 4 by eqn. 3 and solve for Zpu, then Zpu = (%Zt /100) x (MVA base / MVAt) x (Kv2 / kVVbase2) If kVt = kVbase, then Zpu = ((%Zt /100) x ( MVA base / MVAt) Or Zpu = (%Zt /100) x (MVAbase x 1000/kVAt) Generator Impedance contribution MVA Base Data MVA Base KVA Rating % Sub-transient Impedance at rated kVA, %"ZG Secondary voltage, KVs Generator X/R, XG/RG 2 of 4

Per Unit Impedance, Resistance & Reactance at 100 MVA base Impedance p.u., ZG
P.U .=

(%ZG x Base MVA x 1000)/(100 x Gen.KVA)

Resistance p.u., RG p.u.= [(ZG p.u.)2/(1+XG/RG2)] Reactance p.u., XG p.u.= RG p.u. x (XG/RG) Generator per unit impedance %Impedance Formula %Zg = I x Zg x 100 /V ------- eqn.1 Multiply eqn. 1 by (V/V), then %Zg =Zg x I x V x 100/V2 ------- eqn.2 Simplify; Multiply eqn. 2 by(1000/1000)2 , then %Zg = MVAg x 100/Kv2 ------- eqn.3 Base impedance Zpu = Zg x MVA base / Kv2 base ------- eqn.4 Divide eqq. 4 by eqn. 3 and solve for Zpu, then Zpu = (%Zg /100) x (MVA base / MVAg) x (Kv2 / kVVbase2) If kVg = kVbase, then Zpu = ((%Zg /100) x ( MVA base / MVAg) Or Zpu = (%Zg /100) x (MVAbase x 1000/kVAg) Cable Data from Generator to MDB SINGLE CORE CABLE, CU/XLPE/PVC, 0.6/1kV Resistance, RG Re Length, LG Total Resistance, RTG=RG x LG /1000 Total Resistance, RTG=RG x LG /1000 Total Impedance, ZTG=RGT2 + XGT2 No. of conductor run(s) per phase, NGC Final Resistance, RFG=RTG/NGC Per Unit Impedance, Resistance & Reactance at 100 MVA base 3 of 4

CR4 - Comment: Re: Transformer short circuit current Resistance per unit, RCG P.U. (RFG x Base MVA)/(KVs ) Reactance per unit, XCG P.U.=(XFG x Base MVA)/(KVs2) Impedance per unit, ZCG P.U.=(ZFG x Base MVA)/(KVs2) Cables/Line Per Unit impedance Ohm's Law VA = I/V ------- eqn. 1 VA = V^2 / Zc (cable) ------- eqn. 2 Multiply eqn. 2 by(1000)2 MVAusc = Kv2 /Zc ------- eqn. 3 Solving for Zc Zc = Kv2 / MVA ------- eqn. 4 For Zbase Zpu = Kv2 / MVA base ------- eqn.5 For Zpu (per unit) Zpu = Zc / Zbase ------- eqn.6 Substutute the value of Zbase from eqn. 5 in eqn.6. Then Zpu = (Zc x MVAbase) / kVbase2) Notes: u--- unit pu --- per unit usc ---utility power short circuit Z ---- impedance t -----transformer

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