Interior of The Heart

Interior of the Heart
Presented by Gamal Taha EL-Sayed

Assistant lecturer of Anatomy & Embryology Ain Shams University

the end of this presentation you should be able to identify the 4 chambers of the heart from inside and identify the specific parts concerning each of them.
y By
Rule:
Each and every chamber of the Heart is composed of 2 parts, a Smooth part and a Rough part indicating the different embryological origin of these chambers.
Interior of the Heart y Right Atrium:

1- Surfaces: Right atrium is divided into two continuous spaces. Internally, this division is indicated by the Crista Terminalis, which is a smooth, muscular ridge that begins on the roof of the atrium just in front of the opening of the superior vena cava and extends down the lateral wall to the anterior lip of the inferior vena cava.

y
Right Atrium (Cont.):
The space anterior to the crista, including the right auricle, from the embryonic primitive atrium. Its walls are covered by ridges called the musculi pectinati, which fan out from the crista like the 'teeth of a comb'.

y y
Right Atrium (Cont.): The smooth part of the right atrium (Posterior to the Crista Terminalis) is derived embryologically from the absorbed Sinus Venosis In the middle of it (In the interatrial septum) Fossa Ovalis is present, limited from above by Limbus Fossa Ovalis

y
Right Atrium (Cont.):
2- Openings: y SVC y IVC y Coronary Sinus y Openings of the Venae Cordis Minimae are scattered along the walls of the right atrium. y Outflow tract through Tricuspid Valve

y
Right ventricle:
1- Surface: The inflow tract of the right ventricle have numerous muscular, irregular structures called Trabeculae Carneae. They are attached to the ventricular walls throughout their length, forming ridges.

y
Right ventricle (Cont.):
A few trabeculae carneae (Papillary muscles) have only one end attached to the ventricular surface, while the other end serves as the point of attachment for tendon-like fibrous cords (the Chordae Tendineae), which connect to the free edges of the cusps of the tricuspid valve.

y
The rough inflow tract of the right atrium is derived embryologically from the primitive ventricle

y
There are three papillary muscles in the right ventricle, anterior, posterior, and septal papillary muscles. y The septal papillary muscle is the most inconsistent papillary muscle, being either small or absent, with chordae tendineae emerging directly from the septal wall.
y

A single specialized trabeculum, the septomarginal trabecula (moderator band), forms a bridge between the lower portion of the interventricular septum and the base of the anterior papillary muscle. y The septomarginal trabeculum carries a portion of the cardiac conduction system, right bundle of the atrioventricular bundle, to the anterior wall of the right ventricle.
y

y
Right ventricle (Cont.): The outflow tract of the right ventricle, which leads to the pulmonary trunk, is the conus arteriosus (infundibulum). This area has smooth walls and is derived from the embryonic bulbus cordis.

y
Tricuspid valve:
Consists of three cusps or leaflets. The naming of the three cusps, the anterior, septal, and posterior cusps corresponding to the names of the papillary muscles The cusps are continuous with each other near their bases at sites termed Commissures.

Commisures

Pulmonary Valve (Cont.): y At the apex of the outflow tract of the right ventricle, the opening into the pulmonary trunk is closed by the pulmonary valve, which consists of three semilunar cusps with free edges projecting upward into the lumen of the pulmonary trunk. The free superior edge of each cusp has a middle, thickened portion, the nodule of the semilunar cusp.
y

y y
Left Atrium : The left atrium is derived embryologically from two structures: The posterior inflow portion (Smooth Part) derived from the proximal parts of the pulmonary veins that are incorporated into the left atrium during development. The anterior half (Rough Part) is continuous with the left auricle. It contains Musculi Pectinati and derived from the embryonic primitive atrium. Unlike the crista terminalis in the right atrium, no distinct structure separates the two components of the left atrium.

y
Mitral Valve:
The left atrioventricular valve (the mitral valve) which is also referred to as the bicuspid valve because it has two cusps, the anterior and posterior cusps attached to the ventricular wall by Chordae Tendenae and Papillary Muscles.

y
Mitral Valve:

y
Left Ventricle:
The chamber itself is conical, is longer than the right ventricle, and has the thicker layer of myocardium. The outflow tract (the aortic vestibule) is simillar to the infundibulum of the right ventricle, having a smooth walls, and is derived from the embryonic bulbus cordis.

y
Left Ventricle (Cont.):
The trabeculae carneae in the left ventricle are larger and courser in contrast to those in the right ventricle. The general appearance of the trabeculae with muscular ridges and bridges is similar to that of the right ventricle The rough inflow tract is derived from the primitive ventricle

y
Left Ventricle (Cont.): Two papillary muscles, the anterior and posterior papillary muscles, are usually found in the left ventricle and are larger than those of the right ventricle.

y
Aortic Valve :
The opening from the left ventricle into the aorta is closed by the aortic valve. This valve is similar in structure to the pulmonary valve. It consists of three semilunar cusps with the free edge of each projecting upward into the lumen of the ascending aorta.

y
Aortic Valve(Cont.):
Between the semilunar cusps and the wall of the ascending aorta are pocket-like sinuses-the right, left posterior aortic sinuses and anterior aortic sinus.
ThankYou

Interior of The Heart

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Interior of The Heart

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Interior of the Heart

Presented by Gamal Taha EL-Sayed