Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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wolkjq onrh F|ool Pbn/Arboiram G.und.B a HistolialDvel.pmentoi Husinq P|aB/ Di. E1wic kl un g .16 Gru ndris... bY/vo n R6inh.rd G.eo|m6nn ] The Layoulo{thoApamoni/Tho FloorP|.n |d.. / oi.o'q.ni..riond.rwohnug/GrundriBidooby/von F6d.ri|l sch.eidor 26 Thesjgni|icanDeolAccsss/ Dio Rol|od.rEch|i.Gungby/vo H|hutnstinq 32
Multi-Story Housing/GeschoBwohnungsbau
Di6iel: fri.h.nng' B5ss|' l9a2.]9a5 46 A|valo si2a: "Kod uid slnch" sch1id3rsuik' DBn Haag' r933 ]933 a3 Ur: ch3ckpoint cha i3/Fri3drichstass9' Br|in KrcUzbe' 1939 60 IBUs: Litowsbass' Beiin.Ti6rcai.' ]9a9 52 Luc en Larour: Beareneirand.Amsrod6n. t9a9-1990 54 Homan/os|oLobato/Yanovshrchi|skv:t.Grcvr.fadola6.,Th6Hagu./D6nHaao.]939.]9s1 56
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44
M. G]]' Flancesc Riu: !4 ]aoIimpica' 86.|ia' ]990']992 60 rc|oa' 199].]992 62 JosBp Puis Torn'j, JosepMe Esqulus:VillaOrimpEa, Barcorona, r991 64 Estev
Bnel]'
Jo$p
iotrna/Wion. l99O 5a
sel,1991-r993 66
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]992.1994 69
o Do6
stas96' sr|in'Tiorqad.n' ]97a'19a] 79 st0nebeche. AdmnaIs&as9e. Bnin'K.euzbo19, ]936 ao campben'zoqo|vlch' r4/i]k'nson' coUq/czwc: china Wrar'' Dock|ands' London' ]936 1ss3 r Tor: Dapprbuud' Anstsdam,l9a9 34 Do]l schoeb i' Tobias Amnn:AhrzijrcheGtasss' Badn' ]937 1990 a5 JacqU3s Hoq' Pierte d6 M.u.o: schi'tzenmadstas$' Bas6l' l991.1993 He'nard6isselmann:1mWod'Vl.na/Wi3n.1s93 a3 Franc]s so er: c|td st chauonl ol poaci/5dr.FJpda,orcq.pa, rs93 90
Ny|!nd' Pui.a.k' Johanns
Uh|:
.chanotrbulg, ]973.]974 76
s2
lnlGi5s]1Hassnh3id6,B6nin-&.!zbalo.]9a]'l963 95 osso' Vinn./Wi.' 1939 96 Rb fuior schranknbsaqass6' Vi6.na/W.' ]933'1936 97 n: Al]schwie.cta$' 3as6|' ]9a7'r93a 9a H]]d6 Lon&Korad Wohlh393: sch|sihe stasse, selli.'(rouzb.lg, ]993 ]oo Morser 6Dosolo: Moh ha,marstas$, Basel.1993 1o2
lnk3nUndHin.i.hBa||6r:F6nk]0lLBsr|in GuIavP3'ch|:s.hlogstasse'aor|in.Tgs|' Krcuzbq,
]977']sa] 94
olosta'd|s:Kponicko.sha'B.nin.Krcuzbrg.
JopULnas:c.carma'c.Hoig,Barc|oa,]939.]994
l934-]9a9 1ro
1934.r935 10a
112
i9B2']984
H6inf schudnagis: W3llolstasso, 86.lin.Wi|.do.t ]972 116 Johan. !h|: nh'nbabnal|ee. B6r|in.G.ui.wsId' gao'19a2 11a Anioino Glub.ch:ATgqlel Nafon' B. i.Tg.l. ]935 ]2o
]
cJ$aVPichl:Wi3n6rb3r!.Vienno/Won,]9a5 121 Anloniocru'Anton'ooltiz: ca.abonch.l' Gsn.raIFoar Basad' Madrid' l936.]939 122 D]o&|chFk'ftmasJoche.:G.alm!hl.tass'sU|.bsch.Rosonb6rq'G6rmdv/D.Ltschland']993.1995 Bau.hhqar&Ebr|e:KapeiIenw.!'FBldknch'Ausiia/oiars'.h'1995.1996 125 Baums.h|a9s. 6 Ebr|: Lindenw6g, La!l.lach' Austia/sbr6ich' l995 127 kcorbUsis.-Untrd,H6bilatoniMarsei||'1946.1947
130
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opslocksase' Bnin.Ti.rodn' ]s56 l957 132 oscr N'm8ysr' soarcs FiIho: A|ton'sr stass6' Bnin'Tirqad.n, ]957 133 ono J.gsl uid w6ll lllijllr''Ha.n'ba|1 slt{qan-Asomw6|d' ]969.]971 134 PraitcrbChan,TwinPa sNonhw.sr.NewYork. 1970 136 VBna/Win' ]974 lsao 13a '
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mmglsooip|sin, Rotsldam' l9a4.]933 ]4 do Kov]' d V6om: xop st'.Jdnh6vn, nll.dam.1936']9aa ]44 GUilIe.movdzq!3zconsueqE:3amnycalalyUrbin'svi/|a l9a6.37 145 6n!e .]u Gn..5| kc|erc' Nino. 19a7 ]4a RemKoIhaa/oMA:IiP|sin'Ams'erdam' ]990 ]5o JosopManodl,orioIBohas'DavidMackay,AIbdPu'qdom.n6ch:Vi1|ao]impica'3arclon.,]93a19s2
oobbelaal'
l52
Ai faa'ia.:"K25"' Dedomsvaa!6g. on Haag' 1933.1992 l5 M.qrlDUinkgl'rV6chirIvande.Tofe:Burgo.zikgnhu'stere'n'Amgtoldd']992 V kl 6inc|G: can.spilwg.G3ss' G.a.' 1992.]993 160 nddis6rKnmmr Frankfrn-aonomss, F.anktuna,M.. 1990-1995 162 F]n3nRieg|e.,R006rBiow:Bbhnholsras9,G.a}sra&ganq, l992'1994 164
KdBs chnd]aanso'
1993 15a
l6a
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I I I I I I t
I
GustdvHas*npauq: Banningalle' B6r|i.Ti.gafun, 1953 0.nyLa.dun:c|ustsrB|ock'BeihnalG...n'London' l955.Jg53 K|!s M0||.rRh: F'an..Kiinst]lstass' s6nin-Krouzb.q, l960']951 a6dnd coldbslqj Mina c]|V' chicago' ]962 shippo.{ &Holnch:tk. Poit Towr' chiGeo' 1965 EmiloAi]laud: Nalgd. sud' La Df8ns9' Pafls, 19'5 campbl|'zoq]ovch. Wi|kinson. Gough/czwc: ]|aot o.ks, Londo' ]sg6 19a3 EnckvanEgomat:''Hau]3.,lGAslutqan'1sag.]993 H.nn cinani: M.gens!rond' ooddm.vaaw.g,
Th3 HagUDan Haag.
172 173
ll
19s3-1994 1a2
'a 1ao
Patick Hodgtinso.:Nw
H.n K.mmrsr.
Bloomsbury' London' 1969 1972 WalbIingn.N3ustad!, 1972 P6talFal|lU.dNemannschd..:slutga Nstqerut, 1972-1975 GeorqHeiniohs:sch|.n96hdd.rsas6' Bsnin WiIneBdo , 1976'193] Honuyk.r architklan:''fnn3f ap,' Bo!e.dm' 19'9.1930 Baumsch|age. 6 Eb.n.: -AeIp,] BBgnze.stmsse. a6o6z' l9a7.]93a TddaoAndo:"nkko 2'' Kobo' Japon' ]9as.]993
Wa|ter Bo|.: TrclIi.grwg.
FBY'
B.uswi.kcoti
Moh $fdi:
]9a 2oo
lM6lkih.V.d3l)' Beiin-Wiltonau' 1966.196a osw3ldMaihiasUng.G:VMIh]msruharDanm(fiiii.k3.hVi.naIl'Benin.Wille.au.1967.1969 Kan F|gig' V'vlIh|ms.uher Damm 1Mkisch. M..ll, Be ]n Wi1tona!. 1965'1966
Herbd strnz:wiIhg|msfuhe.Damm
Hansscharcun|-Fom.oundJuIi!,1studga11
zu'fenhausn' 1954.]959
Wo..6r oi'ttman: M.hringp|3tz' Bodin'(rcuzb.q, ]974 zvi H6k3l: -namot.' J6rusalo. l9a1.19a5
i
!
A|vorcsjzd:HaUsca osAnln]osiza'snton6o'Podugal.1973.197a
222 R6zo Pian' Richa'd Rogrs:cusago' Mi|an/Mailand' ]972'1974 223 Maio Bona:ViPan.a, Br6$nzona. sw1'za'.nd/shwsiz' ]937 1s3a 22 Michagl Hopkins: Hopkins, Ho!s.. Lodon.Hapst.ad. 1976 226 AtliorWyldoub.ri: M8ison Mi||ei L.Xingto' Knlucky, 1991 226
lakaBzuk,
F'anco und PooIo Mob: cav]gliao, switenand/schw.if l9a9.]99o ' Fred B05: stadt van ormoos. 0o|.Tonlhoi ]990 Jan Pman/cpozod: s|rcatvan ormogs' 0e|fl-Tonthoi ]990
Erkki
F..nsca sanoeo'A.n.|d
Alo|ir5:
Bruschi: capo
Ha|.n,swdzenand/s.hwoif'
GFP&Ass. GinterPfeil6.u.d aobnd Mayol: Krchh|f|d. schopfh6im'Wioch' G.manv/Doulsohland' v.rhijsn' 8ue.on Do Haan:A|.o,Amgt.da' Tsgniuon VdkUnsr..: Bdllsrup. (opnh69.n' "Egbi6rg.d-' v s.mba.k avan V6on: P.innoark' Rolto.d6m'
skasso. Siurts6r, 1932 24a Nichol.. Gmshawafudnor: G.and |Jnion wajl London' 1936.]93a 249 Baufsch K.sso|: Dilz6nb.h, Fla.|.{Una' M'' 1933.]934 25o
P.
HermanHozb.r:
l955']96] 24o
J' P
stoard'J'aA' ofum'NioIsn'
H' M'rcJsson:GoIg.bakk.n'
B.s1sdno, Don.l7Dansmal! 1969.]97a 267 Ja8sslk|inq' Michd.lWi|ford' Pgig' aav: Alncn' L]vgoool' lg6a.1976 26
Psto.Phipp.n, pbt.r tunda . oavid parkss:Harfisld. L.ndon, 1964 264 R6'nhard Gios6lm.n: Ludwg.Windh6t.strds.' Kar|sruh, ls60']96] 265
A|va siaj ou'nla do Ma|ogu.tra, EVoB' Poduqal. 1977 27o 272
AFaA.bisgruppaKuA|l...La!rc.tcdntlou:"Mg2.nack.r'1Willigkofn'B...'l9&.]9s72Bo
Hub.d
Darbolhoand oark.: Marquss aoad' L,ndon.|s]inqto0, ]96a']979 Grldo. 8ofuo' Alan FoByih: Ma.d.n La.s' London. 1976.]9a2 oori! Und fu ]ph ul: M.x.Planck.stass' Mincfu n-E'dinq' ]932.]934 0, Schn.blj,T.Amnann/W Esti, H_ nohr: 86o(Ziich.19BE
fr fu B und Rd|ph E'5kjn: Wiongrb.g.qiind6, Glaz' l9a6']9a7 Ato|ior5:Ri.dW 2. Nidofuqng., swiEsna.d/schwoiz' ]99o Rom Koo|ha:'oMA: 6t! Wo'|d' Fukloka' JaDan' ]99| Michao|A|d6.: Rihgn' B.sl' ]ssl-1992 "Vg.lbachl oto s|oidlo| Wi.nlb.rglriindg'Vj.na/win' lga']993
274
276
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2a2 2a4 2a5 2aa
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I
san'i39o cal(6va:
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m''tak.s..d add.d. add..ional summaning l'i t pr.c.d. tho pbiod sction' W. oaniutiono'rh. bok. have,howv.., taindthq6noE| Thjs F|oor P|an Atla3 i3 d..iond as a workbook. workwith know.odqg {.om paEt w.omatic kflowldqo about l|oor p|.m co|locted in th
1960 ioday .ppears .U .. vo|uab.o as ths mo.o .oncaua| .nd individuol designs in r.housinq cosi.uctio.olth. 19aos' EtrEEtrsund dt' o.aist lh. tvpi..l user/rBid
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|.vourolth individJa|3pam.nt (as,,thec|l"l'on its inso|ationad vontiIation' and on oi-.zi.q the l!."ti".a|t..nc.3' Tn Esultg w.B dopidod t'y 9Y.t.a1ic (or Eiher -;bsa.r"l fiool plan' Book. olth peliod a.. o.q.nj.ed typo|gicallv companq and avallalinq schomati:.dlro.r p|.rc.
.a Equn.d ninimum
This
mat. aE. colors' and i.g6l| aqainst wh|h his buih architectulg is nsuld' He conc.nt'.t.. on $ outw3d apg.aEIco ad o c.n b.ing his id6a {. dBm5tiation ol |iving) m6t ro.dilYto.xPB$.n'Thisa.chitedJrc i3 rcp...nled molt.pppri.telv by photogr.9hg. Ralhrrnan|B.i.Ying,compan&or
avdIu.!n'osdocunt.tion9or1hg193ospl.$nrrhopDi6c!.a.'ndividua|ilios.
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6n'b'.l
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.oomv acc.ssar.as. somiplb ih. bU.|din9a "|3co" Etaminal'on o'
i 1ho ity isburdn.d with au tnc prcblmsthat 'U.o th. lrbanpopularlon..d ats @tiols h.bit.and/orcunu_
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and constru.tion
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nl pp.t|ouswithin
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ot
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'eatuled
such
'acilities
dw.l|ings bUi|t
chocolalo p.oduc& Go.q c.d mlngha' social g.n8'ositY .rk.d thiE d.v|op.r:
|islsiaiosiollowd
in
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3ap
Malgarerhenhho, built in ]906' dip|aYd l6na.k.b loo housswnh ja.qe kit.hons l5)' Eb..z.r How.ld. p'ofo!d|Y ipl.33.d byth8s. dev|opnents' lol|owed by iounding th. ifut g.rd.n citv cp.nv' |n |90a' th. archi. lecrl Unwinand Pai|.o. built tho galdon city ol Lotcnwoh lor rbw.rd, in m.die.|tY|.. Thorowaf,d lif,ed housosoroctd1hl. had E|ativ.|Ybl@d.dsh3|lw p|!n.(6'7lAlthUgh
Kllpp'
sl.dIun0 bv th.
.gat6wi|.
p6t6.a-
,r app'odh.1h6v p|a.ned
f
a a
MuthesiJs, and l$6ow buj| andlhlowel midd|oc'a$. t|oin.icb r..5. ow l.gn..d th 1Ypo si.ndadiztion and d.siqn6d ,ow ho!$3. .x..dd in h.|i.tib.d ..y|. wirh s had thro. rcoms, an oat-in kitch.n. toil.r..nd rdd.d-on f.ciIiti3 lol anima|.nd Iaundry l3'.
rchitods Bi.mo6chmid.
Eaiy
in
rhiscenlury; pot.r
B.h
atonrd h(9' |o'' only th rirswa ded rho ceiling boams oi two !dj...r ighbors' Tho nd rhs yald con9i9id oi wood. wa|l..Inb hoG.typo ieteroud was the inst.Ehit.c.
(i.lhok
'n
1925l1ll, Bruno
Ta
loducod
coidor.p...' h.chl.vd
i.
.lihan w.xpsdtoday.
of 2a m:,
entronc.3 (]3l' B.twn 1922 and 1925 Vidor onstruction by building un9 c.nfigurd in saw'tooth. st'w31oiien.6d stlotin clt Mod6rnsin Brusselsl|4l'
nd seoaf ate
k'tcn.n ]0m,, d paB.rs,b.drcom 20 m,.Th6ho!.3 a.d !oi|.t 02). lx.p|3ry fo. all alcIitds involvd consl.udion, howov.i was ttu developm6nr rearizod bv 4. oud b!i.t gr.os oltwo'p.
h tub
st May
nklurt
diare|y pl.q
rheirudound.ng topog'.phy.ln addirion to p'e'ab.ic.t.d cop.t' h..eaIilsdaddi' tiona| co-olfctiv. id...such as *andadi.ed boi|t.in kiih.ns: buii|in dbingts| tl.t
mols shich cou|d b.
pli.c'p.||vimp|m.nt.d.quncaofiwo'andthree3torY Mlkd
plabl.cat8d
.n
b.gonwork.9
clt
priphry
o'th.
citY-
May
itrdina
onth6inn.5t.vaoftho.lisch
i.d|unewalb!.lt in 1927 in an do5ign by |ldwiB Ml van d6' aoho' contarY to rh' stullgad lradjtio i bui|ding - with in. gabl3 of ho!3.peipondiculrro th. gUnd is hUse3 paE|le|toth. conto p..ct.c.d in Ftank'u houdag dove|opm6nts. M. st. formulated lh. m.xim ofplan. i.ng heE| hu.6.a9 obidso'dai|y ugo' and nor..3btu.symbol'Thomo.tint.rdlne
on'burion .d.r bwisaconst.ulion c.n..gain Jakob!! Pi*.r oud:a d.p 'm hle |.vls' sp6.i.| f6.tue. o1 hi. d$ign w.l. th.ioibr rhrom, a w.rr.d-in counyE.d m on th.l.v6| ol t6 aircase laading {16).
'n iock sid|uq in K6ntuhe' Gelm.nv Un|ik th. sturtgaand F'anklu d.!.|op.nt, lhe simp|icny ol p6r.l|.l.oh. ololdod bycrop.u..9 p3 ol his plincip'o o' -df'ic'.nr consUdio.s.to orqaiation."H. roeped 22% ol prcp.rtv
wo.liEt p.z.
th.complii
aBa asoutdoo.publiclpaca,af,dhowasab|.ro l.a|i..ah dwo|ling u.itono.|v j49 s bu.lt hE, rolnd .|l w.re i. tb. lom ol Ew hols69. f.' the Bauhalsi.dllng in Dessau.roi G.'m'nv wa[er G@piB .nd Ha. M.vel deve|oped a sp|itr.v.l typ. in 1926' l..ving sp.. w.on gtouad |d.l, aud b.dro. i'basomnt a p.ci.l lor ofa l|oo. p|an with roo clG. teB 07l' For !h. o.m.'ocl si.dlung, onlh.th.r hand' G.opiu. coftribut.d a rcw. hous. iYpe 5.60 wid' wh peendicutaFor.nt.d n.iMav in th. m.ddb nal. on ol he.. otpandod rh. een.y plot ao. by.ddlns . ft.t root which colld bwa|k.d on, a.d dssiqned. p|anfB.ruringtholiving bom a. c.r: pi..
bauconvibltion.
Fo. do.iqnins
ih.
mo'6 picluresquo
an 1932,
rh. orqaniz.r3
1yp6 and sma|l-holso p|.m' ln h.s Vi.nna low ho!s6. lngpionoebdtwoidoa.otour lim.: |t.xihility a.d pa36iv. |.r.n6rqt His dif'oBt.si.d hou6s5 aB ori..t.d wnh ihen blo.d idestacjnq th so idsnb'path.Th. brcad 3id. con.BrGd ol wood a.d g|63.i .nd th. otho. rhre w6ll! w mad. ol m.s.nry wh .hall
oponang3. Losicarry, tho
. hB work
wi$ rcw-houss
+J!!rn-l'
r$!i_.tf
Ll r T'
iff t
s wE sftr.r.d on rh.lu y it.iy nomsand tno or.o loon low.lh.n.|l.s|id. inq dooJ. b.N*n th.livinq .oofi .d on. bonBom off.Ed c6d.in {lotibi|i.v ol B. ngl In his Wo'kbundsidIUng.Ado|fLoo6te&lhooppodun.ty'ali.inq hi.naumpl.n con. .pr in lhofot ola thBo.s1orY low hous.' A two.story.ivig mom is bord6rsd o two
o.r.n
l*r
nd$
by
qanory"w h bujh
an
sotu (2ot.
During
th.era o' Nationa| so.ja|isr architocluro, b6tw.. 1933 and .1939.loB{i.. ho!s. o mw*a.dpoin!s: |llGd ho6! !d dup|r..niovad
p
t
I r I I
n..t
lheso y.ar..
. orwohy
nal ailinitY wh th. Hh a.tt !h. |and'Bp.. f{t.il kilch. only tor oooki.q. Al th w.' pbgEl..d' .odrldjon ol liold! of .ctlvht... D! nq
rors
-F t
in
'bm
.dfuo hal!b.$.nton.. |wer |ying south 9id6s' lwo 2oom.p.d.nts 'Bmrh rh noh side' a5 wolt .l rwo Up9. 2oon .osnmonts
io on th noh sido l21.22l. |n otbo. wo.ds: s.,ins ond witn
toldb.sr
priva.
n. wai impoanrto !h. rchit.ci' ow. rh. curollimg. thil artituds'und propon..r3 aonq Eqlish snd' |aior. G.rman a'.hilct.'
con.t!c'
inf|U8ncgo
q
||alologi..l|Ya$ocia!
holsino p|.ns o'lhiltjm6 rcl|ct.d chang.bg so. nd' idulia|jarioand mig}dion nom rh. coun.ryid.
gEar.fl oretcrwd-
the cfuo1ic o|owthlrh.itAccoding torhese.ow.6gulatio..' oim.lrh.n 1.5lo3 po.sons wl..utho.izdlo |iv6ina.o.mfrcm 15to30 min si ]ng un.t had ot Yei bo. d.fined a. . pal'r6nr Th. kiichen,lor.xanpl., was ofren spar.r.d frcn th6 ii so.d by a conidorwhich prvidd.cc3 to sev...| 'ooms no1rqlned fol bui|digs s up to 6ven s1or...' T}e sif of cou.tyads d.p6nded o. ...nge o' tt.spray f'om noso3.
lh63. c'.3. sociory, in rurn, ocupid hous.ng cha.act6 ol |djng cod. wentinro.d in 1a53 and remaied in torc. mrn 13a7. Th pmpcg o rhd avjng o' reer.' the supp|v ll.rion ol a swaqg sysio ' wa
'l.6.dcpannn(
olthk oE,
the ulq to
.k.a.
-whjch'..3s.ud
eflicioJumli
w&
no n.d lor
llool p|ans
h.!dyard l23t'
rqo apamnrs and .n prepond.ranco of mdium3.fld o maximif. lp|oitarion ol trh w,n6 .rt;ndino .rono
dw||inqs-
Frcnt.d rca.
bui|d
lho goony
mms- Tho$
vods havinq
Bd jn V.n.'
apamhis o' l. at,|Unl tonanB' cou5rd. and l.ght f lheso in.rb|ock buil.Ilngs. p|.n .nd d;jg of ;3 sign.fl cant eif ect on ihe qu!litv o' tho ap.m.nt.'
!
I
I
I
I
6d the rocat.on or rho$ corid".. w.u_, rJ tr," bt.n..ts ol sov.l l.milito &sh*. ".** * **..i"i |actor in tis ol critic.l hoJsing ne.d. a6thrcon9 in3r.|bd at lh bsqinning 'I"" ol th.
prox' l2
Emnen.ytvprcal w*. 4adm.t.housjng b|ockwh .ntral'coridor plan.sdvelop. A cental cortidol.f'oded.cc.ssto all rcoms. Tho gEat i|ock depth is;' n' o'rha36.padmont building - .wgl| a. .w buildig cod6 ref|.ciinq...
.oentb ..
or
w.ta. rin6.
becam.app...ntdurinq th. ar|y yo.ld olrn. new.antuly.ln Bnin, B sius t"gan to i-pioment t.|y prcqEhma1ic ocBl holsisq idgag. ]xuqhout Europ.. -.'lt"i,t" a*i'J *J I H6or Gu'mad in Pans. Gaudi in 6.|ona' ao viclol t|od. a|E.skl24l.
sing conslruct.on 'n
|n
-r:7f]Effi'!ttilYfit
in !h. vicinity ol H6mbu6r Tor which 25% wgl.lubdivid.d bY oh!|k l|.5 dEwon th nin.ionth conrurY. rh. plol.1a.i!t m.do up6bund aa%
cla$ldundoidGadlul
rv
na.rs' .oJmnr.'
ot on tho our.k'rl.
By 9o'
th..iato*.
o'th..iiy.
s"..
lr'e siiuarion was |itr|. dif'ercnt in Vienna.nd L.ndo. The boi|dlng cod. lthocltv ol vimm l|owd a5 % o.lhe a ol a plola'6s 10 b. ovBd by buj|ding.l25). For iho dir..tly
on thi3
thoiouqhl.r. i26t'
|t was nor
uii|$o.nd ol th.
"*.*lh;
;ih;;
EJ!:t'!n''!r
|.p'an
etrw6*@dvd6
oncopt'
n i
G.lmony w.snot.b|g
A.o.sid.rsb|o numb ot
a-t'ltrcg.i"-..ai.
and
linq'Hi|b.rs.im.i
in
Uruavr lor
gBat.r d.b|l a
Rading.
Klin
wi r'ucno
'
l.nilv ..
concp.wasat
tnen
varianco
p.r'olh thi.
funcrion.l.d.vitis. Th 1fu$ grups witholt dtt!rb'c.." K|in,s v.rl which e.v. pBlo.enca
ompt..ion'ord.3igning
divisionolth.romotan
holsjngiYp.!' th.r
slble lrom th livio
h3 was ab|s t
Pantofl.|gan{, |h.'..|y
om'
''house3lipp thoblghr!rc1with
|n
p.o$nr hi3 op.dmnt p|an idoa' Kloin,g thr. pl.n3 tvia a natur.l|v l.tnt.nc. hal|'whjch in ilrn lo.d onro on. In two ol hi. iyp.3, th b.doons welo diBclly .cc..
a
H, snal|anresp.c. ofi ac.ss to a T'shapd.onidor o o. sido 'tnocon.dor ' al. th6 .6.lto.v .oo. {with s.pararo wate' |ines||o lh. th6raBthe dining and |.ving adsto a 1inY privot..t.ro. Th. stotge bom plovid.d in th. dh.'rh6 p|.s has dwi.d|.d to. buih.i. c.blfu( in tno k.t.hon (23l.l ]92a' Kl.i. d.vlop6dth3 c|.ssi.a|c up wilh its b.l.orvlac.s ihew63:th.sl..ping gro isorienledto th..asr (29l. pe.iod in whih uo'ipa|buildilg cod.g gtipu|ar.d th 5. Xloin work.d ko th. pr|ncip.|st.ndpoint oloff.ng llnctioa|' non.pl.d|qious apartmont p|an. l.niii.3 wiihottt sru.nB. Kl.i's ap.
s'o.aqr.atv.ridyo'luhrdevolopm6nlg 'ol
3p6'.lly{or
wi1h
diogr.3.3 rook'
on
eneiic n'.d did not' howo.' tnig pornr' ln 'top 1926 h. te.sived a.ontEcr t d.siqn alivo.stoly pam.l buildinq in a |owis hul. jng dv.|opmniHoqa.n.d |d..s for his wo.k 1h. two.srory plan. or1s.di.c.t 'bm EngIish alep|a6' o con6qunt|Y d.siq..d.tYp 'd .' again cent|v baok in x|6i pBvid.d moison. etes on 1ho ground.nd i|rr upper lovo|, in.ddirion ro '$h.on. mal| apadmnls op.ning nto
es. Ii'Gwi36.cc..s.d byp6n"an qa||.'i.. ho@ing d.v|opments' walt6' GloDiu..|.ow.kBd on lho ba3i3ol1h6 clJst.r l|dp|an (3o)'l. hi. Franklud Preiect l 193|, h. fudh.r d.velopsd ittoa c|a$.c.| plan wh.ch Uri|roday ha. b.n wide|y emu|a.e.]. Hg comb.nd lh. cBntla| coridor .nd th. .ntrom ro fu.m a !.3h.p6d oridor' Tllo Bult wa3 .n .ononical' d.op.r co3tu. non which Gropiu3 iin.l|y applid in 195? contibution' Ho6. h. m.chan.
|n his |ate
dandlhid upp'l.v.|.Th.th
mod.l|.d on |ilo. Ho.r..t.d a .d 1o ns.ur6| light o two sjdes. with |oggia and djn.ng .o. wnh fiwor w antoDom o' rh6 bsdbom group. H.r w. hav. iho 3. oi . organi@||y conciv6d
wonqorlu|b.@u.'lw'3
ap.dmnis
ol conidr 3p.c. wa! an impo.nt po.nt. Ado|' Rading, Hall in Br..|3u' prssnrgd a cabin pl.n lor g.ound'lsvl in ]92o. Hisolu1i. plop!..d 3 connruc'ion aoobt.7 d.o!, with lh.
bung. achwnhfuobd
I
I
dlthowh rh.y w.e on|v b.d ichB inrhow6||th.E' '.tmhou Hilb.r$imr'who Lldwig
|6r
accpted
o'
lh.
f|xib|o' and v.t o.lmanonr'" ]92o i his book "Di. A!'l&Unq d.l stldt. d6r dio Erd6iBguro Woh!g- lTh. oi$olulio oJ citis: o.. rh. E.dn al Good Dw.n|nd|.TaUt \'msoh' too.3ure' dld norns hel. Ludwiq Mi.9 i.nd Rh did. how.vol' .ucd i ruaIizino hi. r.r|i.rpUbli'hod id... .nvo|ving apomgnts Wth 3i.l.sko|oton conlJdio.s' al|ow.ng movablow.l|5 b.rw6.n |@dbo.rinq olum' senhotsi6dr!ns in stunq.rt wa ing cnstruction.l con slrainl3. Th ..lul|o n o.. b|.d 4' 5' r 6 ps.3o. to bo hous.d in th same |iving o.... Van d..floh. aoDliod ido$ ft to cabin plan in gEnbos lBhion h.r6 l34l. sovon Y.sll |at.r. E c Ftihsrgr rcolizd hi3 epohal ob6iin in Glbo!g.(.li.b6cr: buildino l.v|. a3 invari.bl. ncElFg|abco. s!d'on, into whi.h .p.dm.t' cou|d b. in3t.lld accoldig r !.nanl n..ds and
j.
r r
I
I
simi|a. dsve|opm.nls did not !al.pla. in 3|l colntries. ln vienna,
;.". -* 4*. . .-'-.", -.*-a".-....'..va.-*. .'.'"".-", *-ual" , '."..*, tt.."'-" -''n '-. -*l.-." '.a "l."."' -,";--, (-*s"*q.*. iil*' u' *'n .t"''q*"..dr'
".']
'"
'r
xample.
pr6r6F
'n rn rhs NouDUhldi3ii'cl or runq iha Uppt m'dd|. closl '36'. Brwen
rh6 xp|arv spangn
owtr dround-r|o
(.lI thn.
th. .pamenr
Jrg.l|.n.swn|
'ns
bu,loinss snrovs s
and lor children,3 p|ayinq.Th. fu3l hiqldse ap.m.nt buildig. 193a: Btgpo|d..lbv W. va njn. BrinlG3n.
-"..r"
andv..d.rvrus.tandPlasrsan1bYw.van1!j.n.ndH A M'a3kanrll33l'
dsrroyed
i."i*".-g
d
'ho
$ luhor,gq'awtod lh.
c n.dl
oom'.l.d b.||ding
;d-" rh..ha.no hk. it t diioutt !o undetand how|ho mto ol i..6.citY Pl.n. ...-. 'h-".h "ou'tv*a"'-roouv. ning in c.m;ny ' 6pecial|y du ng iho 195fu . could h.vo pG.ibly b.n "D.nsity
RedLct{f,
.lopm.nts .d. in apad e. *"l*"v ' waE |.v la!|ow: tho oo.dol gn.ral|ylor6d rh..snt.r ui|dings w..|iqned peF O.d'' A" ' hooo* v in oudv.ng ulo. disrids - w
]952'Thstvp. lealid hlow u5n.dosion .l.mont wnh i6n unns, Ls cotbusi9r wa.t.d to rcP|.c..n onrno citv d.. gtoy.d by ifi. w.i |n Mar9j||s during th. op.ning ot h.s bui|d|g in 1952, on rh. oth.r hod' he el.i. a. follows|,,Tho intstion isoslply Ep|ac.th. citv nyapals
in
odovoid f idoas.
Lgc.!si..buittrh.unitd.Habit..
a.o.'iqurat.o unknow unri|now-Th. Unit il P|.n.d to ofl.r il.E..do.t.*6 ih M;i .3 k abl. to plovido itsina.tscominglm al| ie .r' lnto hir buildin9. onlv 7 co dor9 acc$.dih.16 apamtand 2 shopllooB(39l. With his dosjgn' bco.busi.rbsstow.d yot aotho.lruitlu|id..fo.lhs'Utur6' iloni6.n. l.bolating o h l'|dt: a photo{.6pn show tw llnqor m.nt mockup inroa sk3loto mdo|. H.th.Ebylnr.cipated ih6 aDom..h lakon by oth.ra.chit.d3ofth.197&:th which th. finishig 6|..nt3 c co|umn/l|or .|.b svsm'
'nto Am.n
aid th'ouqh ine Eonomic
wirh inlimacv
om th6 l920s, th.r. w..6 aqah ad6pt. in th. stuttgad ro .s|iz. .om c|Bt.B wn.ch W EcA l1oBi.g Dvlopfi l4ol' At the sam timo' Arn6 J Denmark' Th jin*inq ol rh. arhit.ctu.a|ly app.llinq anqiod bui|din$ ondows thm
{41t.
'inancjal
coop.r.tiv.Admini*ratlo (EcAl.nab|od
*Wsir''i
&Um&En&wq'|Fd#{l$]h
-rtr.{Eri:r
n w$ applaod sv'rYwh'B: co.stBint.dicbtd byconrlction..Dn. ru.waYB'.nd q rows. Th6 rcsuR w.. .n int6rchang@h|6 ltal.iy in
buitding
wi|h a to ]3
a-!". rt'*"
]ir.'".. .'."."..
42|.
inq oxhibition wag opnod
l lI. L rIrl
*'iJ".i.'I..r..x.***""I.|957High'sedp.menlbu||
;;;;;.1;b" ;;""...
B
Gropiu. Joe' ";. l.l a. Eerma''rc.em'd 'her ii"lJ * -.a*. t'.*.s. "". s".*l.-' L"o;,,. l''i6ney.l, scharou, senn'.nd oihe.. L colbusirwas '1-"*i .tr" . s..u -*t'". u'I.a *o disbce awav' Aat' cont'ibutin was 6p6.'!ly ;;.,,"."",h.''"h....'.'. ., ii. *^*. -*
h'np'nod
--"
niov:
oii'nb'bn
to Mo
.*.*ll""x.l*t"*p.s.zo)Thp|on3n.duntsp.c|.qo
'
lhoss
ffi ffi
EtH!
@l El=
rl
I-EEEIE'A periodwasoharadrized
Tnis
L.'Jv. Pdrk m o.voii:a *..|"..'.'..cwtr |lx|b| pla.' Tts3. 'nc|u@d k6jns. sni ;;;i;;";' ". in t. l99os (45l' Fol lh.K'.|n on6.oloiod tlo.g& Ia* .." '*I"-**d ";*"' l.,i,ll'*i".a.'*"a*g..'.andBak6m.d63ig.odpl..'! holizonta|lv orr!.t on.xb in Ei. coss *a *I.t' .i.a "ppori|oo|s ".rlr....' i;;in"fi.'l.Dotd.@'oemi,i.t.-aguuitrinxaas.cat oIraI"g".Ith ouGido acc$and o v.nicb |fc l$o pag.266l' i.. "r*-r.*'i"
bY ajol U.n oxpaion and byemtruotion ol highB. apa;m6n1.nd tgrEs blj|dinqs. A younq 9.noBtion o' a.chit.ct. D'oded tho mbs. d:!.ign apprcachasolL6 co'busi and luh6' d.v..opd Ha v*ai..i ru.qu.-l". ru c-bu../s maiont. pl.s onioyad gEater app.al anoo
tE! IE
L-S
l.r'It.a" rr'"i
.a I" r'"
Erskin,s aykl
A.Ro! @bin
p|. dovslP.
d.sqno'.pac6'enc|osin9 hlilding.whi.hdlinod Iarg3..micourrY.ldl. cEat|g no'qh. bo.h;od.. j\ pbto1vp. ol lh.3 kind ol !.bgn d.v.|opmetonth. outgk|rt3 o' rh. jtY wo.
houig complox domontralod - i rh v6i.al dimnlion o"u"lop.unr. a"n=irv' i..', tt'u d|.vical opposito olrh.p
on|Yon&lifth olth.ap.monisi th. M{.kkch.. \fier tion oas io an .d with thi3 prj.6t . at |..3r ror lhe iime beinq. Th6 b!i|i resulB ol1hs Mrkisch$ vl.l. fo view' rcpEs.d . iqnilicantadvonc.' Llrqo-scal.. 3hglt6ring g.stuBs pl.vidgd by high (p.lhaps too highIbuildiq! tooktha placs ot6na|'lik6 t;s. A simil.r sp.tial sUub had bsn Balifd ..l|i6r t1g57.]96ll in P.ltHi||. sh6l.
p""a
i.l'
i"*t-tI".
. *" l.l
cn*
ll."* it rr'".ame
|.inz.
.3iios
Ausrio'
- whici d.c.nd6d b
lor.|lnd
a
Bv vidu6 of us.nq
dsn$ ho.jng da
ln
d!c.d
' d.v.lopntwirh
P.t.' Phipp.n
Bal.zd 6n atium.hou..
Dung th.spriod'
coJsi.
.."lbd'-hl.hlh..pet-.
nt.
rno dasign ol apadmnt ln tYP. ol so.ia| cogulii.o. archii.ct3 dov|oPd sio.3 ioe.th6r wnh $. {urutu lsnsntr l50'
-E:eEilErdr
op.riliv.. Th. .| crki. of 1974 luh.mol. prov'd.d .iU| o'qy {rom |r 6nd g
t-
lubdu' Rai'u.leruql Und 'n6lad'kdIe iIJ.;';"; n**", ,rus-- *a "'." "u"t''bamo; e"-.n*' -i. " Jr ..^. la"";"ir..-;* -I' I..- n ^iji,".']l"-.-j' *i" -'i4". ..".* -i.,i. l.l'i",".,"*.r. r.i a". s*r"iii']iI-i.
s.nie
l,li.ii''i ii'i";1;a..".".l" "..n"*.i *.p.*'"o.'t". t.. d| Eiiichtunq von staollandg galr wud.n'ij. *"i'ljIl i"ii*a*q ."a rr.ro"o**s*' "l* *.h z6.|.n ud d.r neus B.utyp ''stodfui|l.- B.wohneranzah| ro3. Und li'..ip""n'';.'" ." **"n.. f eil d.l Ubad'ons'olo' ili'.i"i.i'Jl]" "i"ili;';; '*q r5z', w*.h*the*-*"'.."a".ol.*-r
Da3fl.ihenhals wird durch
l,lHl
I
i
trtElil
Ilt
tl l1
i
cH
ill
lti
!Hl ii[Hi I
trr .l1
l
rl:
_! tl LI
l
,i
ti il
r.l
!t1[]flr
i
-l-l-
bra&h durch oitle'dnzie' v6 ji,i i."'* **.l"o"t''l|hiq |iir dio Mih|.hicnr' -* '( sieo|uq suni|a dbet'an "i"l-"' ir...'*t'"a*'. J..*"i.t*. c-"a'i"* l.*nfeich.n ein Epoche, ind6r m .riJ**.ti."". **' t* nachb.u we.d6 oiniqe wohn rr]i* i;;Ja." ".. ..l.."ren Failien .Ussmen .r|hier' dio Unter inem D3ch
qm.isam
wohn.n wol|n'
rEEEEE
it
t:
fl
ii"'i il'r'l
U!
nl
E.'*!d^ o*hMden -d r.i..J" ",. in sudteb.U 'i". -.r"*r '"" ,..jilo."g. ol" ..l..;l R.ihunq dr E'ment6 t6bt wi.d.r aul - 54,55}- ln den ao.ini.nal" l., i. e.na,iB.in Folge nutunqsn6ut6lor Ruo 153'
Die P
slruktuBn wiEwchg'
anqst.lr.
d3
dG runfr'g. Be
-.''..-.n*-."'ln*.*' ***-.u s" liJi.ii... """ iI.n.* fug.'d.- ;.n .'s;-;'n F|.l'u|.t ii.''.t..a. "i*'u" "t"l"zi-.* **a 'I*ii."J n.lnr' *"'t*' cenaU.o be[.t ...". w..*
-. 4",
d.rwohnungn
vdriabi.
"n; ,^.J r'i- i"' a* g'.,vp.c..driB das Ercobnis. D$ q.ht s weir' d.B ir."itl. a""*" *q.a.;ht--dn.dio.owoh|iirB0ro. eket
baurw.'d.n nn.n l56l'
vd
in G.olsidt6
Albeiten.
oi6
Handhaouns
""..iii.
di
GrundriBrYp.n in grcB.n $ng.n otn. v..iario.n in di. Arh.toktUrb.jros toh o|snbar z{ tio.
R6ih.rdGi.$|mann
f ,'
Itff
lil
csre..
'tu.rcd whorcu'l'A
d i;;-i;;;;;;..;' *p"i"*..ch pNev hd oi'orirv l-o domln.nt l"!h6 c.n@'od |ivinq ;;^,.' -"" h -h.h tho .odun'calvo 'd. ol |i' ' ot p|anor9.n|zrion' since i;;..*''" ::.:l'il;|;;;"' .re JM.vg boinq .do |o liilj'...i.io. **."a * -
i"''""..rl*i pl*" -"l."s'',ds shouid b.addea'lh.-pul6tYp."shouldnev.lb.co* "^,-"i.i*'ir'."";"" lio on th. |in. betw.6n -".lt'. "Il'ihe Iu|vexcn|nqsolulidnot.n olth.. catgoes.
@ n'".p""."..,"."".'*d
l
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".
rccordino to an axi' arone whr:l'.'h: :iT,':li:-"-d 1! ::,',1: ;;;;i;;J""'';;';'i""."| "..""g""m' *. "-.p. t.tt'".dUcd. D|.6Jnrcl6tie Doin t:, dr.wl lh vi.ib. in .p i '..." z **. rn" ..." ihrou9h th6 oms'Th..Dod i"""i*." r'I..-**' *"-p|es .' 4)' tn bth cffie.el.voul o| ths.p6honr i9 DJ li.]'11. "'i"r'.."""ll" i]li-''i..."'"';v'*"*.'lv'mpodant.ro 's th.ondpo'iolrhs*t(orsl,which, **. .t'" l..q .. lesmo| Il; o.h.' wE n E on lh6 kiehon'so6l ime i1i. " '.' ,i"i'iii."..i;'r'. r'",,."n u|! b. ol n ofiic tt'" .u"un.g *"u'i i'"''.ii" ;-. '.pl6$|on 'n.. 4 .odiliona'lv Iinlh. indiv'.lu6| rcog n th Nln9. n-l. . -*".**.' *"pE ""';oo.
rcom sid by nea9 ol a sharod
Ubrgafden.
I I
EETEET
| I
l l l .
||v
'tlpleto
3uqgeslh ordel to mak th. b closet|peicepiiblaa.oninse.dqeomst.VolU..ilisolt6nDridoutolils.3.th!3 ..."...l'. ..i. - i." *"gs lh. vtewr . box dividos Uo p.ths or.llM cncu.mbu' h6 |ivinqooand bodroo h.I. I 'o L*.'l "L*.'ben' *.v" e-.pl.. l ..o zl ol lhe hv'nq rcom |lo tno s|..9inq U.ct (ox!mp|. 3)'A co wn .pj. iIl"t'.i. *. p.a"* lI"k b.Meen living iooanddlni!..6a (.*mp|o4l'' on.
menL wtrh sk!||ohd.
l I
ir'oauor,
a"*-."*..a'.,
Ex.mob 5 conla'nl no
"
I I
I
rexamp,e ot
Thgl|oorolandev|oosaroundthelivinqroom;iti9aronca
ah6t.llpathsIeadrnroUghit',teis.dddtoth.Iivinqmb.caus6drfiassoo'.d .duclion i h.l'-.v spa".' and even rh6 indivjdlal rooms ..n bo rcducad for il. b.n.lil:
This des.gn i6xeprional|y communicative,
6cnlgranddi.tributoiand
Th.app.o.ch ayiav
ha|t..dc||s.Hilb.B.im..releBtolhis{vpo'd6siqn...,.both3y.1.iA|varA.lto'j.
contas!desclibd
bur
does
mog.t.ri..withth.
lhls
ha3
his al| encompassing |iv.ne roo$. "m3*.tp|.o6i Tl'6 .p..tmon| a.|eatIy delined c.nr.. whil6 tb. r6sr oi th looN l..in noutra|it.ms ol
l
I
'uictionaidd.siqn(e'amp|.l'2.3l'Th|ivi.qroo..a|sob6d.linda3a|arg..t|lry, its oullio d.!.ined by rh. po.itio oi th6 adiaconl rco. l.xaBpb a| Tno path.
throlghth|ivigroommGth.vobsthoughroUtjns!chaw.Ylhdtth.ydonotimpan
hav add.tinal
livingqualily(er.mpb5l'sogrim6El8j.rh.roomyoxamp|61)thob.doandbdh9
oom
m
Th.noorp|3nc|ea
inq
'unctional al6. wirh iivinq roon' kitchen. dining a..a| and rhe s|eopinq a.6a w.t ind.vidu.l
1l.
sparates
tho
dilet
'om ow..Thoai nol is10nabIe smoolh imp|emenrationolrh. individua|fu.ction..3imul commlnity ra.eous|y ad adjacntl' the individual membor ol th. 'amilY/apa.rnontow. h6lh'.v h a.ca ha itl re.ive as mul| f...do s}'ou.d
andlhh.l|wayar..hrcobidatth6ene...or.Eangedlssqunco.Intho'iBt oas6 a b'th co.. (to b.nr.i6d l'o boin.'alcan..par. th6 ara. {eeFplo 2)ora
kitcnen.|ntnsa..olbui|din$wnhal|.udy.rd.'1ha3p.t.ldlvi.Ioncanbehand|ed simplv byarangiqth.lwo6r..9 dhogm||y'Th6.c.* |..dithe ha||MYwhich
bed'oomhal|waYioxampb4)'ln.c,o$w.l|coBtruction..cha.ilott..||ar.dtoa
3 l6r.pl6 3l' How.vith. |iv.ng .6a ca a!'o provido bY |.trjng lhe |ivinq{oom h6||waY r! io the
conection b.tween living rcom and slespine 3.6.,6 s.cond p8th toth. . b otren rouqhthe kitchen or even throgh th. bath (.'.mpl6 5)' since thc bedroo hallway an onlY bo Usen by one pa ollho ta'lic' it can alo b. exFnd6d int a play or wrk conidoi zoning in maBon.tres is ho.izonto|. H6re th. .nrranc6 usually lies on the levelol tno lving 6.eo.more ra.elv onth.t ol tha individu.l a'ea.The 3pa.atio. of a.og3 i3 no'. dlinit. h.r6.Gal|.ri.. ov6rlh.di.nq araorliving lobm h.lp !o esiabIish a relationshjp bfu66n th. le!E 5nd 1o 9romob cmUnicdion' p|an Maxilm p.jvacy i5 created in lho oxc.plion.| fo.m of th. cr@s..h'pd '|r {ex.ple 6l' whe.6 the diffelent rooms arc ov.n sepaEtod
'
a.
seemiomovawaylnace.al,spaciou9h.l|w.ylp|.yfon6lair'romano qin(ox.m. ple 2l'This plan emphasizes th.ludioal relatio3hips bfuen lho rcom3 and tal.es inlo.c.ount 1he individ!.|.p.rial equecB: for amp|g'lho E|.tio.hip b6. 'loor .droom and nu.s.ry (.xa. pl.3|.Th. spaces thus.r6td have unusul foims| howv.i t.ndard th.Y g6nor.l|y admn onlv on. fL'ishinq optio. - th.t onvigion.d by i. archiroc!. sinc. th. 'or 'umiluB paft h rnovem.! (.drhusthodosiredsp.ti.I r.l.tio..hipl ihatdtemin.our|iv6.
algconGbft|ychanging,rhselloorpIans"ag.',qU.ckly:1h.vares"pe.'ed"andsp.cia| uot th.y plov 10 b. iaiib|e'
mima|.and tno sp.c6 ca inb..ch otheiRightagl$6.. rc.The llooi pl.rc do app.arorgan.c, and ofton wa||. '|ow
Th3 {|owingaoo. plan c.n b. JndeBtoodasavariato'thoorqa.ci|orDlan'ltischaEc. 1eriz.d.ot bv. Paiculal po.itiolth. wa|'s but byth.noFis.ion.Th. too3 ar.aElY
.pa.ared rlom th ciEuhnon.E.adrh.Yal6onlysliqtt|ysopa..t.dl'om.h oih6r: they f|w inro .h orno., lf.' vb!.l r6l.lence6' inviro th. visitorto mov. nerd.lh. .Pam6slhus appal mu.h Iarq.r.nd moE open, s individua| rcom.|w.vg E.in. 16laGd1othwho|6'lnaxamp|o1lhoifontalir.fu.n6mt!,Iivingroom,dining..'and kitchen b|nd with th. bed.oom hal|waw l th. p.l.n!., ad h ar6 raqg.rd i6.p.d 10 each orandtoth. pdh .xi'. Vorilcal entwin.m.nt on ih6 'n h.qnt..nd.p.rid.lat.nhipsthal incr....ln. niry.
menlo1pa$ingrh,oughlxample2l.Thef|owolloo.i.3o
1ho ond
worksmo.owithvi'ua|rclation.hip3th.withimmodiatoo'oximiw.3oth.tth.Indlviduol
rv'.
|oom rcains l.'ge}y ondituib6d.Th. dlsadvantaeB ol thk conc.pr|,whlch hav. to oo Wth th v.rru.l impo$ibi|itY ol96pa.aiing tha ind|vidua| l'om g.n.rdl .v.nrl' aE
'L
n mod.rn
m.s r6ad..tiar
boilt and.ub.
lEn 3randpoit pBv..linq todoy. lt deliciencies in th8 atativ.no99 of ov ajn causE ol w.d.spbd dissatis'adio. wirh lh p|. in ig3 ol. which l.sidef,t. hodto iivo. |.deed'
was on|y |at
dorjoab.o
lhlt
of,.y in cass
in
wh
'niti.l
'uodam
. ro r.organ.6
rnlo
ais.nr
ol ihis
inrerabrbnsh.
Econoicasp.ct3 havr unloUnate|y be8n a|lowd to dicta lo B.denti3l build.qs' wnhin ihe conrext o' u|tislory los.do.tial constructio' th.
places. GrE' .ras.s buildin coide.Bd to b. -p.ivacy gleen" (!o ksepoi.ldi.noe)and arc rhu. m.d. ias.i. ara3 amg bl 1-g-, -K.p o{ ino orass,,). ln th int.E ol building ap!ments.l. |ikwiso genelally reduced ro 1h. inimum d 'nto.acrion w||s af,d coridorc' Floot spa.8 is 1ypi6l|y d6diEt.d to achiov. a maxim! of pur. dwe||inq-unil llool spa. This al|man1hat pub|icand smipub|ic space'whih w had odqinll|y inno ioil' lor olampla' in t.dit.on.|lY dgv|op.d !.ban strutur! ih'6 sth.ms6lv ad bdwoen th. buildinqs' h35, in B E.i
d.ntial
tclusiv|y
l 9h{i3.
to
arlial Usodfora u|rIpIicitYolo lhere'o brn |ost - nd common areassJh.s plaYg.ou.dsoand ofl.. a satifactory rep|ac6m..t. su.h areaiattypical|y locat.d t.o la. aon tho individu| ap..B.d
sv
'8t
As exori.nco
ro
ha3shown. atenanfs intrcst in th. imodi.lo redential su.mundig whjch he or sh can...di|y p pa $c..l nsell- T]r. G3id.ntobi|ilv.nd l.dinesstotak ptin and arc rh.rgln r63vic
sma||.p.3-..dfi nodbvrneabi|itvto.coqj6pop|..to
h his or h. oci.l surbundinqs {o.g.' b6tw&n high{iB bui|din$|' it i3 vely otren the cas. that no 3ocia| contacts wi$ l.uow Bsid.flt. dv.|P olsuch bo|ation in ap a! a||. Th6 unloUnaie consequn. known' !l holsina is to eu|y prot. communioation anon hth8 c$..ry qu.l.ii.s.
by apam.nt'huilding . of interaction ou6id6 th. id'vld u.l .p.n6l.. .|y ol uso. it blso app..rth.t ents' p.oviderb mdf.vob|.ondlt|on.lo.
.c
cl6otion o'
itvof r.3id.ntsto rcadilv.dab failitl$: . cir6ri to'md6r.d bv tho siologisr Ja lh. ]960,'Th. ocio.oqEt Nolh6rt schmid|Rlenbs.g sp.3k! ol -op.he" th. apa.
Hg
wilh and l'om tn.pattm1bv means o1windows and dors. Helu'!ap6..lhi. con' cepi olop.ning bY.onllasrinq itwi1h that ol "c|o.inq" th.3P.frtt lAbschlieBu,g)| h in.Iudes in hi. ''losing" conce p.ivocvlbm !nw.n1edvi.o.| intusion- Wewould |ik'to u3. t.' pa.rofconcpB. i'th. sB.d.lind ho'.' j.luhorconlxts below. i..]'l|j ch.r.d.ti.ric
h
us6lhi: 16
to
n.an.rlab||.hine cont.
aFmnt
i3
atth.lhrcsho|d
l l
seniiivemanei on lhoone had' jt is a place whih on.bl idontj.ication .nd s.l(pr.36ra on. on tho othi fu a lavo rrhem. it @presgn1s th Poinrl to conqu6.rh slrundings. Bur adlts as ws|l. esFci. I|Y enioy Usig thk seoce a
"openine uC apadments and oJnced - noad ior
sa
ch oth
To fi.s oltont, it has p.ovod bonolicia| to p|aco $. r which d.diquish. botwon on|.v.n.d ..d qui.l...d c6sg sid.s ol msidonlial bui|dinq. aB |mtod aclo$ lbm s. so'ca rlod acco ss c onc.ntra lio. ), rcom 3 r.kriv.ly Th6 oxbrio. sPao ro@i8d . oth.r h3nd' b3 qui3t.nd
p.6c..nd quiot.
mont ll$ lhdn th. l|w t 89b|. nUbgl d lUclbm|nd @.G|re|4ionshiD.b.' |ivoo'n' Unl|ko th. plvious ..." i'l,.* .t'" .-* eDloJch' lho t ddrcn m 6x|t3 b'we.n onB pl.c. nd tho nllwh th. ap.. U '.xamo|s 1' 2l' how.v.i vi3uoI reforoncH !o lh oop. to t .i'. -u o..t"a'mayu"..". r6th rcomsis plovid6d bY.n ora corid.rl.Ep(6.2 have elfBct ot dbplay c.mp.m6nts alonqsid. a vi..to6, 3l' .nd "ia" rh. !oo9
them*
t
r I
luxuly ior sjnqle.fai|y housos. Eve.y pla'.v.y room can bo r.ch6d by two joom occupies rho cenl.r l.t.mp|. lormo.a) path9 i a'|oorp|.n ol1hbvpo it tho Iiv.ng 4l' | ex.mpl6 5 tho indlvjdu.l romg ale a|| ar.ng.d so.h!ttne bE.dhrclgh3 i in6
ir
a|waYl
ent.ro'thep!ltition.ab|6''circu|ationinrh.'oundlThisisdone'hw6v.iatth.cost a a.e opndad|os.dto lslacsloJlurniture'andon6c a.sotan.1ojrhesanilarva.eainb1hecenr.'lxample6l,o.rh.t.irwl|it96ll.on|iein thenrero'rheapanmgntlexample7l'H616,rhough'!h..isthd.ng.rtfiar$oroms wil| becoe a1om|ed or iso|ated,as in th. ca3. ollhe ha||wav typ
li.tionolhoUsinon.ed3a16co.adici.dbYth.n..d'orBtionaIizatjonandst.nd.ldi2.. tion in ths .9s constucrion of hou.ing. Th. favo.ed solutjon sIU|d b6 cnvB.n plan iath6rrfun. movo to anothar 3pad.ntTh. apptooch.s within th. x.sting xl.a| w.|b. odifiab|e i.rn6l wal|3 withi:lixd out6' '|oor lo. .nd si2e ol1h6 .o bv ..rc o' movab|o wall 6din.. MGt Ed'..l ot
undo!btdIvlheideaotrhe,'grwiqhu6'.(assinq|.'.i|Yhu.x.mp|.11.inwhich
9'qd
to difi
is
.-=ffi
A i--l tr '',A. y. Y,
&
gradJalrtp.nsioncalnodou|byrh6rcsjd.tkdiqnodtoincr.c6thririd.ntilication
#a*\ *#%
nruction ol f|.B: rno indi ut.d on . p|.tfo.m with llght w.||9 iid. . concrot s|l6' bn.Example 3 also usea clun Y.cm'.i.ng $o |o.d.b6ariq o!t.r w.|l. and thg an l!|lil| lh.ir indivjdJa| aoor p|.n dBs with sp@i.| hallown$s ot 1h6 built vi!6 c6.t.3 good |iqhting 4 ]9 a mod.|stluctu.e that pl.c..1h. i.t.ll.l'on. in a sing|o axis conditjons' Exmp| a|ong rh6 9padmnt p!itioB and |eavesih3 Bd Udi.rmin.d' |obt6ms with l|xib|.l|oo. p|ans mo1with |ittlo succ.ss. Th6 p.b|am o' noise proredin Bin6d umolvod' tho c ll|.xib|e pow6ra.d l'qhting supplv p.rhl a3 w|lar.jn 3omoc.soofl|oo. hoarinq svs. 1em3'tc'.ould notiustifyth..dv.ntao6oi3l|eljbl.lloorp lha1most losidonrs Et.r t.d 10 hy aw.Y fb rne oxpens ol posit|oning . w.|| and
ple1erpartic'9.brypl.nin9ilt.sd'Bdldingsandhousinqtypo.aBstjIloxp.dal 3omethi'g staiic in which o slll...nd to which on. adapt.. TdaY lldib.ltly i. thug l63ictedroapa.tm6nrsiz.:loom9olnoulEIoharactoranba.giqdtdlli.r.nt.p.'
m6nc o. sewera| .oam.ut9 an b cofibined l.Emp|6 5l. R
ch.nqd
i;l
--iw
'I
P_
ro a Iimitod 6xb by means of movable inse*.Anth.r 3td69y.lIow! u*. b be xch.ged wiihin lhg apadmont bY incorpratinq n6!tr.| 9p....th.t non6th.|B3 dquno a cen.in.ia.nd propoi andth.tmBtbo cap.b|. of accoss {'.mpl6 6l. Apam.fu i ni.G6fth.c.nturY buiIdings ofion ofe.tho mod.n BJd.nt 'nd.p.ndont a gr.'br d6q.eo ol ll.xibi|ity rh.n m.nv clevo.lYthough!.out odom f|oo. p|an.
ilt '
il
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'
+{m i--
.L
-i
r,
r:
lW
!'r
*rM
-i1
:rl
qa-
fltt l.
d-
sol.hsr GrundriB thatbig dsn w6g dwoh di6 whunq (wanigr d.s F||.Bn d6s B.umo)' r 3chaffi m9fiofut vi6l6 funktional und..lmlioho seui.hung w|lchsn d.n vschi.d.non ..'n. dio . 6bt $d gglabt wr.n knn.AndoB a|. in d.n voF nut zwischen 'n6 od Ud Fm nnqon Koz.prcn b.bnt oio Vainounq qeIsqr s.n'w.nn di6 Whnu.q uF em AdNn 'mmsr H IBoIlpieIe l'2|,onBt.hn idoch B|iclthezihlng6n zu. g.g.nube'li.g.ndon seib' w6nn in eig6r Ganq di. f'mme.
Ein
(B.i;pio| 2 und 3)knnen di.zimmel wi. A!st.||unqskabinotte 6npllnd6n w.den, di; mi von in.m Wand.lgang be$haut. D abor dabi di. vo.k.hl.l|lcho uverh.tbim5cig a.w.chsi bl.ibt * 6in Luxus lor Ei'.milionheu9.iJoderod'j.ds ch|ioBi
zimmei kanin oino solch.n GrundB.u' zwi {mach.I soqar m6hr) wogr.mi.ht weld6n.w.nn dor woh.'aum dI Min ei'nit (B.ispi.l4)- l Bfupie|5 nnmon di ei.h.n zimm.rdi vg.k.hls'|.h. aut Di. fimmf sind so.ng6ordnet'd.Bdi. ou..h' b.nch. in dorM|tt6 d.rWandl|.ch.n dn "Rudq.ng'' e.Eg|lch.n.Da q$chi.hlaul nuqn in de M.&. geft Kosbn d.rstelltt.hund man kannannehmn'd.&d..s6ofi net Und o6.h|Gsn w.'den,wi6 $ die Faili.n.itu.tion zU jed. Moment rlorder! Der f,unaq.ng kann auch d s.ita.eich zum Mittelpunkt mache lBoilpie| 6), oderdaTrapoohau.slbstkanimz6ntrumd.rwohnunqIiego1B6ispie|7]'Do.hh|el
beteht di. Ge'ahr, daB sich d|. zlm.rver6in6l
wi.
in einem
fluyp.
oie sich 3t.adiq !d.rnde Fai|i.nsifudion {G.B zu6.mensoElnql Und di. fu'oe.a Difl.;n.'6rung o.l wohnogoiirtE. wtdeBlncht dcr lotw.ndiqkri' !u' Me5ewo.nungsbau' s RarnaB'.runo ud fypisieruq
' Umbsu inn.h.|bd6||exib|.nGfundissesd'.
wand.' ub.. R.Um..dio
fU.Fo|. und GlG.nv.Ed.rung oer R.umo dulch b.wg . i.tsichor d|. |d6. dB -w..hggnd6. H.uso9, la|6 Ein'.milinh.!3' Bi3pi.l1)' bei de d.r al|Bilhl|cb g'q6nhendig6 Alsb.u di. |doniifiziarung mir d6m o.n H.us
{eB
Losu.qse'n.D|. Konupthen von drt innerhalb f65Gl AuBn. chl.qon wordon knn.n bi9
st.tk6n 3ol|lo- | B.kpie|r,wi. i don m6iEr.n Lsunqen' b6.t6hl dr Kstn d.9 Hauos, vo dom a 6! sich horib..| und vsnik.| 6!t'ah.n wnd.aus eins |rc1a||atiorc. und El.ch|i6Bun!.k.rn' d.r gl6jcnzgitig 6t.tischo Funtrion libonji Beisp..l 2 ist ein im G.choBwhnungsbal: lihes Exei'.lf ijrein61hozonta|'v.r.ndearcAuG.nholl ln eina B.tonskobnlau ka.n a d6rj.woiIiqon Platdrm mit Isiohbn W.d. d indi
vidue||6crund.iBoinq.b.utwo.dn.B.bp.ol3'auoh.instotz6n5ysr..fixielrdi.!Eggn. den AuB6nwndo Ud di. |n.iall.tio8bo..iche' j.do.h knnon sich dio a.wohn.f mil
9p6zi||.'d.mo3b|.n Innenwad6n ihB pe6l'h6n GrundriBwonsoho 0||.n.Die g;jng. nfo des Balkr9oE.ch.ff. glto |.ichN6.hd|bi35o' Boispj| 4 ist in Mod.||bau' ;sr di. ln.talla.lon.n an dg. woltnungstlnwnd.n in ine Ah.6 |ggt und dn Best
!3ung dr wohnungsprb|.m. du.ch llxibl. Grund.issa h.tt. w.nig Edo|g.Das Pb|.m d.s sctla|llchutfB konnb kauF behob6n w..don'di K6t.n fiil abg.h.ngto Drck.n i'Bi. str'und Uchtt0hfungl,lnr qeq6b..af.lls FuBbod.hizung 6tc. konn. t.n dl. vo.t.i|6 eh6.l|.xib|on GfundBgetah!g i.ht rochtlslq.n, Dio PaxE z.igt daB di. bton Bwohnr spet.r d6n Aufw.nd des umtfn ai.or wad s.h.Jn ud sicn 6h6r .in. panLip.b*ho P|aung wuBchon' B.ut.n und wohnlomn w]d noch i.r.l3 otw. st.tilchs. ompfud.n.in d.n man ich oin hbt und doo 3n sich unt6ro.dnet. so bBchl.nkt 5ih h6ut. F|exibi|itit aut di. wohnun$g!Bg: zi.r n6Ut.|.n charatll.g (b.i spilInortYp.n m.ist goqenob.. vom TEppgnhalsl k.n v.lhi.d6n6n Wotung.. fugesch|.q.n w.don' ode' .n |ogt mehl.l. Wohnung. zusamn(aoispt6|5|fl.umq.&9JdJormonknncnmit1.|.bow8gllch.rEilbaJbni aig$chr.lnkts MaG. v..d.w.rd.n. Ein ando6 |rrnz.pt Ie& oin.n Auiaush d.l N:zung.n innorhalb d6. wohnung z!: dur dl Gtali!o noutralr fiJume' dlo.b.r ino' g.wi...n GBo lnd Pbporuon b6d0.n und di. unabhngig a.9chIos*. ei m*n (B.i.pi.l 5L Artblurchnu.gof,' dl h.ui. vn ihnn rprd&datlv.n Fu.rdjon. ab!d.n.ind,bi.tnd.m modm6 B.wohno. olt ei hhaEs M.Ban F|oribilttll.l3
oi.
;.b,nd""iq4..d
nterirblock
has to.
ihi.
b. a axp|ary
_"i'?l!f.T]'i!i$'r'.lfi
'" E
i.'carpetbuiIding- I. oud dw.||.ngs'' Hr o lr.q hih hav6'ewwindow. o' ono.l al|.
cobi
ds||inqi with a hiqh d.gre l sclusio, n.ruEl|yappeaItorh. intro' verd kid ol63id6t.This kind ol Esidcnts p.ima.ilv on
'egrved
coupl3whour
andwo.n'
rh
buj|dings in wh.ch !h
|'ndinqs a.o provided with dnough 9pa.3' |Ighr and 6ncountrs and s.llpresenratln a.!r.c!ive iFiq.s'. op.n$s.s always prvid.d w.th sing|e..omilv dwIlln$ in which rhs hlso opens rw.ld th. .oet. w3 may *l.ly assum hro that llvinq in "op6.ed" dw6l|in$ isiho nod6 ofl|v.ng whjch most saliglc. .nor!l" r.sidnt ap..al|Ytho96 who are clos|Y tolily codespond ro th. n6ds ol a boJd to thir |iv.ng al.a bv their dep.dncy lrol 8epl. .hildt..), bythei. actlvit|.3 p.'.on3)' {say, housewivs)' or by th.jr phvsjB| c.ndition 1sJch a3|d pBsonied bv th6 3ing|o.lami|y hu36 o{i.r. tho mo* Th. sjd.ntjal 'avoEb|. 'r ol th. n.6& oJ tnis qBup o' Bgid.ntg:! la.t which wnholt condi1.ons lord.v|pmont dolbt docis iv.lY contibulos to 1h. fiding thatihs sing|..f.ily dw.||inq, in what.v.r va.tion. is rh. o.i oo'ula. lorm o' 3ido.tial dw.l|iq. sudy3 h6ve rcpatd|Y queslion8d n.m. tno on'lam
.qJ6tly as they 6.t!.l|Y exis apadmet.a.. t'ed in ro op6 t6iM.||s and coridoE and whele
@l
Th. dv|opm.nt
beqrnon
a
ad tia| ot .w folms ol acca33 i !|ti.s sm.rl s.aloa.orndth..a.ly 197o's Th. iritilta.q i svFot. vhmo.tlv voicd d..nd3 lor qualh.tiv. nh..c stuclion - attr afuoluto prio.itY h.d so long be. ql.i.d to pbvidinq nerely a
lici.ot quan{Y o' dw|lings. w Thepletifu|3lpplv olvision'ry Ulban.d..ign svst.ms |.ft ov.r
id.6llstic p|ans exlnsively
rno lew
3!l.
on
p.prfromrhe]96()'' Unl6$ibl
prctorypBrca|izdwhich ents. ''1'!lo Habitat", stagd in speciacJ|a.{ahion by Mosho orthe 1967Wo d'sFatr{3.paqo1a6l,didnotplovid.theho
bi.g
s and wB
'esidentialcon.Uctjon.iho..initialefiodswhichploviddaqo.uin6imp.rBlo.'uturg dosl' Apprc3.h.3 wdhy ol ins - haw b..n pramahlv based on lwo dni3 ot d.volopment rh. fol|owinq tho principl. l th66xtohal. dccBs gd|z|y /k!be"gang), add o' ih. n3ion6tt. .p.rtm.nt.
6.rmany. thi.1Yp6 wa.lor .ny y.a uii|izgd B.idnri.|const.lction.l p mar.lyfo.ap.m.ntbJi|dingswirh s.|l dwo||inq Unjb.This phno6on h.d.hie'. 36... Jp... i.delinitalv lyeconomic srolndsi ths Btio moro lor sEa]t apannt. with oxremal.accE$ g.I|.$. |n .ddi{ion. smB|l 'avorabIo apaitment3 - undr conditions o{ rh. 69tl..red oris.tarion ot th apadm.nl in such
ical fo.3 of
l-access
salr.'i..
haue
enlov.d
an exredoraocess
blo.k
lloo.p
w.|
kw.ts o'
,,'oo{
stB.t" ' in
l tho tact tha! rh p'ovi3io. ol u lti 'slo ry bU i|dings i. .soci.t6d w.lfi .o. sidoEbl. t. ch. itn cfrcsponding|y hloh.r co
stucruE| pr.rcjpI.'
aPaftm.tbuildlng!toprovido.qloa1shaBoJm.iontt..p.nn..withgJoundJov.l
multiroo .p.tm.nB wilh oli..ialion to iwo opposit. 3id* wthqoodv.nti|alion and 'pGurto th.3un (.ig.3!' ol .n opn qall.ry conbind a.d 7l' |t h. oft.n prvd
|t
i.
.tionsasearlvasrh.
1950
ol
s l
w '..i.l.dory
.
to limir lh.building h
i
sr sv.ral
3r .
bY
lFi0'6
Thbac.osscan b. Providsd
nab16!
g.|ng
with nlY
h
I
I
I
m*
*.
f .*;*i:': -:'1
=:'li'**i
*:ffi
:**s*tl;*lt*ttEl":l'l.t,*
pfi n**lr*i*$i':"i:'::lffi
:x
.E?|f,'ll'd
*n$fi.*ffifr$*,trffi
;
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ir;i*silb*;'t5!i1{}if-".:.'1i'"J#r''jJ..{il''f"'#
#*;;fiT.Tfij;*'i:l::T;fi* **"
*rf**tr*i'*fr1n';ff##*'"trffi
:i*":'':.'*H:;fir*T*,
jl:lrTfulil'l#iir;#
f11j:11":.rs,""-**,'x[ll
**mry
j'fu
TypoIogy of Acces5
fu@
I
I
I
i"*'ffifr ft
#bI:lt;:fffijn.$;;i"f"r".ffi
]it*!'1i:i11n:::ri*ilJ,.:lJf '*{j:iii*'",""l.$i:::'tr
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liiT:t[1f''j.'I*ill.ii::ffi
il;ffi
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fril}i'#'1iiliif$tb.:.:,:ffi {*li;"jilrii#.j..j"Hi:
'
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ilil
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.
E#-
qa
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h" q
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II:HI:i,,7,), ):;#,:::::iil:,:,T::,x,i:;
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ti*l*****ltl*';''t",";"
oo
o0
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j
I
j
J
I I
1o
iJ 337l'
Al .rionod .6,li..'
'*;.d..|Y
r*deis
o*I.q
b . $p
etc.l.
|n
such boi|dings, re|arion.shipsdevlop amo.q the ol each 3tory, with ihk commo|v G.d s.ilary loom3. day.ooms. nd tho t in hosrel-1Yp6 buildanqs. acc
ryp.3.tuation.{hon'o'
j
J
ao6.nl llool
pIans and
nalu
nd.thr 3.p.E!ig acco.s axi mol. stlis otll the po$ibility ol }t.djnq.n apanentto fuo sides olrhe bui|ding. any Va.iatjons' ln addition'
Iiza!ion 1.g.'a
l
I
livinq roomovera b6drool' l ordetto.edUcrhgdis.urbancoinhe'e.iin . av.ilabl. which t6al!i. alrer lizarion. This ensur.. that id.rl Jorih6 3ae pUrpos. IFig'26'.
split-|.v.l u.its off. va'iatio ory(orbYspljttinq in a Btio ol 1/3 to 2/3l, a mo.e salis. aflangem6t o' |iving .r.a. i3 psib|e 1han wirh full dorY separation l |evols 'ado.y invo|cinq maison6tt6 apadm6t3. ihB advantaqo is possib|e wiin . |o3.. sp.tial inien8larion ship ih.ou q hout. ln adual lo tour; lho uFp. |imit o' W.d6ly a.c|aimd prctoryp. othis lorm or ance is iho
.t
I
buj|dig bY Bb.k & nle|bau lb{|on' l957 lFig,27'' All lyp.3 ol hofot|.c.$ of'oi tho
apadmnt
advanraqeolv6rY6l'i.i.nr stanw.vad|.vatori.il.ti3'Thirmai.benelil,how.ve.'c exlBnsiv.ly it.rnnctine.p.n.nts in !|ii'sro.y bui|dinq o.o u9 is ind6ed beinq nade oi
I ol bolh ho ont.l nd w..al accoss units. |! therelo ac goups. Hero as we||, 1ho bo'h doctjn3 of li.fl.c ao ollhe bui|dine.ln addilion, access axos c.n b6 |o.atod in ih int.o' ol ai rh pliphty any and v.liu coliqu'.tlo. and combinario.s ol apamonrs can bo do.ivcd
tnis app@ch. Atet.on i9 a||.d
I I
!
|iP|ein mw dwel|ings in As
c63es' th Unconv. c6r|Y enhancd tho
fu
n|y1o a smal|
qlality of
ionaltYp
'l
I
I
it
t
I
A dv6|opm.it ftal clo$. on6 sid6 ol 5 b|ock and not m..ly li||s a sap.Tho plon i. rhu. tBo 6nd unlE. attho..m. timo: uri.o.8 lospoct ro o !p..d b|ck and 3 tE.. pattrs' or.6d|od' hoight dop$'and ourly.}dil'r. i.''. d|vi.l inr indlv.du.| 3tructuB3 and ln Bspoct to whotherth. stet frcnt should b m.inl.in.d,m.rkodhy3.t-ha.ks.brok nupbystasg.rodvolumor, 'ino o. spl in two by a dividi.o qap' Ih. a0s/9o5 us.d rh6 cnanca
I I
bo1w.6. in.id .nd ulsid {|619 n.nw6l| .ban..!. |.ndingg wallwaY!' od' oft6n b6ld qlas bli|dinq in rh. b|oc o56.nt|a|lv h. fuo ori.rtatlon'acadB)..lh. .h 3tro6t r fi. oo{r!: 10 courtyad. od6t.tlo. and oois. load. may cosadd @h th6i oth6. copd.. poir. ca bo add6d bY st.qg.nq, bndhg, r' br@|dq th.voluh6s'G.ound'looB'duo to iho joviiabl. lac'. f
Ur6||nlc}; i
ofi.Ed byas|bbujlding in.id.thg bloc ro di.c@.. ngw commu. nioadv. io. ar'o rm.l' qu|iti.s ot ac...5' t lbr.dlab 9...
t
I I
.o
I I I
I I I I I I I
Dor Entwud kt aho ft.i uf,d unlr.i z!ql6i,!Ei |n b.2uq !l d.n B|ok, aui d6.on st'aBnlohrung' ori.tlF '0|f! vo.ghn.n rum' Hh.. Bauti.'. !d dl. GB. d.. Hrl..' li i do. Eint9ilung in Hau.ab$hnitl.. fEiin d.r EnBch.Idung' ob d|. st.B.nl'nt gohatton od.rdurch .in.n Roc|Gpfug g.g|j.d.n odo. d@n 9i6n staf.|un9 g.brechn od.r duh 6in FUg6 g6*h|ir't wo.d.n sotl. Di. aoo./go.r J6hro nuu.n d|. ch.@' d|.6ln. Gbud.2.I|6 i Bloc& biot.t'um dar EBch|i.Blnodo zwi*h.nr.u &i.ch6
o!.|ftaton.buqwinn. {grcBa TFp!.nh3u..jngd.g.' Pod.sra' sroq. gtc.. oft hint.r G|&l.*adnl' 0a. G.bg!d. im stad|ock hlt im w6.nt!ih.n w.i M{|ichk.ir.n d.. oiionli.runq. srra. ts.n. und Holsil wob.i HlmaE chrlng und Llmbgllsligung lm w|dEpruch uoinand.r 3t.h.n knn.n. And.r. H|m.Eh' !!ngn knnon du.ch Knickunq, s1.fi6|u.q h|n2um6n. D.! Eidg@hoB wird woq6n d.r zwang.liq.n v.Ech.fuo und d6. ang.hd.n Abschimung von d.r str.G. w.nn qlich d!@h L.d 6n {5.tl6n 'l.nllich. Eln c|rtu g6n' G. .in..hafBrgu. U ' Ga|llti.ch} g.nutzt od.r di. Ec.wohnu.q.n/M.i.on* w.r d.n !' dr Hol..it. mit p.iwt.n Glrt.n v.rbund.n und .nchal .!ch von do oEchlNs.n' H.|bfi.m .h.i Ghraum im Hoi
prlvalos orun du.ch
9.. 0|6
naiR||s, maisonttes
dtect
P|an 9.om6try / div.B of hoBi.gtyp6.: .nimum'.ie ao.m.t. i .orn.B: normal .o aId5trinoI l.rosr apanonB in 3ho wng.. Ih6 wing!. b.9d on a 450 q d tha.l 'ndiv'oUoI q.om.ky withour dominating it (|.nding hapo.' ha|| p@itiom' boudarios ol wc and bath). Th diagonal amng.m6B ol rh wa.b m.k. 9p.r6|l d.signod |anding. |ok |a6. tha. th6Y | ths noma| apaimnl. t. l.nrhq ha||way s.pa.Et.. th |lvlg a..a (with kitch.n' v.rad' laing 6) l'on 1 N.Ji..d sloeping ab.. Th. |.rgar apamon6. E^l/. ar .ang.d around o c.nt.| |ivig ha|| with opn h.l|w.y to |..p. iq ooml and hth1 Two mnor.inago voEnd.. ..d rh. livino h6|| ut to th6 <ot a.d in to th. c.urtY.rdj rho hal|canthu. b. r6.d |6ngrhwis. o. cE.'wig. r 6 a.ruci'om p|.n' Dlmn.iossndobooion.oi bong wjndowl 9izo9, b.. |l|ow c.it.lio ol 6.onomic .'l||ncY. boi|ding Io..s a b|ock pomot.r on . lomr
lh.
.i..
indu.tda|si1 ' A p!b|i boul.E'd |.od.lhrcugh th..qua 'ho bolw..n th6 o|d.ndnwb|ocl!.'imot6'and 3ib barwoon existing' |ow.ns. commcEia| bu.ldinq..d lx. n6w lwojrory 9.udj8 in tho coul1v..d.
lt11
ffr:l']3;:"
U frig Bebauunq' 5qeschosig' N/s' o/W
Bautyp-
slbvelionLeder
WohnU9sbau
1!:7
Fr"..'..'"sI
EBchl|Bun9n
r973-1941
Bauihr-
:..
L
Gabsuddier.
1-+
l./fl]
.
i"!
wohnunqlu.hlI
3a
1
wh.!ngsg.B.n'
fi
5-fi.hon' 13o
m;
Ate]ie.s,29
91 td||plAtf o in
T]6fgaE9e
' Pa.nI
9m3]nsamo
0acbtadasse'
aineoh.n-
GdndnBg.oeIn6,wohnungsu.Ila: K|.m.fuohnungn'n
'
.t"' ni"t'r ;oinioi lzu'chnid rpponpod.t' Laqo d.t Flule' ;'t"ju... ;;; ";';";;;'a;;;'i; ril.q'"i'.*i..;wc-.s)'DBschEq$t|ungdrW5nd.'i|Btdi.spsB.monT.ep .n wohb.r.'ch |itfuich6'V6l6ndo nach sl vo r.ro'..*on *.i'r,-n"n' ln ".. ii]iiiiiiJiJi' *lin' iilii..;sg*i wotrnungon' o organiriBn.ich um oi6 z.nt.b \ryohnhaIlo .t ofln und sdoh. z;.i .piog.lbildlich. vl.nd6n ofuito.n di. wohnhal| zul st.aa6 ili'*iil-".i..J" i' sJi.i'i.J .mo '.a'".iJ.".lasi.t."..l'"@od6rq!.rodola|.Ku'grud&i.rpr.tiBn.Dl.mio a"i l".i r.*.m'og; d lolg.n dn G.!6lf. d.r Wi*h6ft[.n|Gil. E3 hand.|t .i.|| "|" ;i ;.;;;ii;i ;;.i"i.".lton hr'd6toa.al. zwi.oh6 lt.n !d n.uo B|ockrcnd' zwbch.n d.n
don Eck3oqm..nI
tJJ."a*
lf..ltioh.
At6|l6rbauton
rlr
r+-
,.t1
:\
3s,-.r*,
Soctionsoftypioal
N/s wins: 5oom ma.sont6; Ev wings: 5 jom apanmeats
:L]
f-
TITT
-L
l,r!
Ix..ewiq' esch with djf'e.g.t laYolB.ln th6.asl'wost w.nql h s|.6pinq and |iving 3re.5 aB shaped by lllr.rtod ol.ment* |nth.live{oom apam.nB,rn. kh6n sI.ms inb th6 arvvay and l6.d.l"brh. |I"h
(||o q coh.r6t paco and ygl al.o 't!.. uvino.nd 3|e6pmc
]
UrB in ih.th. gnqal| b.dbo3ound h. uni'on racad. }rhm aund t courtYard). fh. ||vinq arc8 i.cine th6'h.counv.d rEor aE i.d.vi il'tm5 aB .tr.ng.d p.iB t. |orm c|erlY dI'tlguilhab|. hou.. Tho d6|gn w.. {Eng|y 'n jmun .conomic .l.|.ncy. A I '.gm6fl
| {.
argas.Ev.tic.||Y.psrarod.wc'9how
g.p.tl.g tho path. to |iving and s|ooping a.os. Th. who5. om! aE greUp.d.round a c.nba| hal|two sto.i.B hiah in its midd|o
balh on|von rop ||ooi D
.!|r r6r
{.|
b!.ld|nss supplom.ntl th. "bou|.vard" ol lh. n.'y b|oc.tB|.idne (cl pr.viouB pa qo. ). ofi|c .1... in bui|dins..nd.tor6. on lh gEund ltoBtlr1ho n.w d.v6|o!m.nt io a ooi.hborhod cnl.r
B.ltypllt
Bauj.h,tll
Riehenino
Woh(ng*ah|woh.!n9.9r6n
TreDoenhiiusern
P".k""Ii
'rch.n[],
0achterassB
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f redom
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alom wlfu.a'tlichk.il' ia.r Unmglich, ab6r B6ulockn wore. ofth n.hm6. dc! 3dil.n Wohnunlsb.B g6'cnlo.s.n.Auchdi 0o3&|t.n.ch. AUs.i3ndE.tf ung m d.r Unlooun (oiaIog Ak/ G6.ohoBhhn' Dachfomon.lc.| 9cn.anxt fuichlt di. Flholt d.. Enfu.don .in. Ab.r go'ad. d'. ongn vorgtom |ngptrEEn archmal u Ungowhnfichon L.ungon au' ton8||. Grund glsi dt d.n widor 9ofu ch eb.hn AUsbIick und olisnilorun9';o' ung.whnlcno
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dr wohUngn
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Floor pran pan, 5 unir 1:200 Gfundri?ushnrtL 5 WE 1:2oa
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park;ihnlich.r
Brockinnenraum
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verwinkolton Ko''idoB. h.lnqa' zw.i dol sch|6i.uma und di. Ktlch. ffn.n.ich ubor ginn
w.rl6n. !i. uBbn .inqopaBt wrd.n. E.gibt 6ing 4.zi'woh' u9' d.. wohn..um zugl.ich aE Di.l und E&ralm dionn !BUnd d6n s.hla'umo a.
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Ths dsep and naow bui|ding E condit.n6d by th. madiov.| lot 9trudur.' lhs groJnd l|o;r and.nrormodi.lg sbrs sp.cB 1160 m:)' Ako on th. qudl|o.: passago ro sw.$ Fnbnq.d ya.d. Eaoh housinq lnill!k. !p on.ilooi o.ct....6 i! providd by th. l.v.to': a op6n'iro.osoapo stai' 'loot.ontain ot a.9umo. a logoi. ludln lor oach i|oo. Th. .p.i.nis a w.c'oo block lguns/privdo s6palar.1. To tho t.6et th. pr'ai6 and b.dbo..l.3 'oom. .omp|.t.|y g|$..d.in facad wha |amo||a structur..n l.ot.lh llvjng bom3.Bqrlpd i olani Jpbrhoadj.c.ntgo!th.a3r.m brandwh6llo..ar.3.t back hoon. M.in8ff. loudh and ||oor5: |ivi.goom l|oor blow lkirohon in b|ock.oo. {.f al| 'oo!l, p.iva!. rcms abv. l|3rg. connoding ba.h)' A n.fow t.fac6 ro fio gl.o.t 3id '6||y' 'ltth
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1991_1993
a.ui.hr-
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3{oo apa ments ]:2oo
4{oom mainalt 1:2oo
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s!a6tIich
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''i';.. .'.h ..'..'i ho oa9.sn.' Tho n ..... ': 'n sag.itoths b|olc,inr.iio'' dl"q I.'sm.l|*' ;'l"qad. mt, ekodmb.wo srm t th. gou.d |ov.l a6 mdd.st.tud|.. 2-ro up t" th"hlh l'".. "nd on. olrh.1wo bui|dlnq ha|v.. jup. bac a|ono th.3iro,3.dg.'1h.r6by prmirnng '.it= wina.-.irrat vlal.gal|y 6.g".od cdb lh" ]l". h..p3h.nrs g.n.'.llY opon onro a coridorrha1|ad to a b.dom a.d bath ' ioon.9'd: and |iving room, kilcnn.d til61to th.orho.sid..
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ur der Uo.bunq iBp.ri.. di..on Efuur' l0r oino Bau|iic sc|i.6t. Ein sch|itz rj|t don B|oGk i w6i GobaudsiEi'.t (3,5/7'5m), dis.gind fur straB. hoch, hinron f,iedi'q' Di. sonn6 und da.lob.n d.r str.Bo kuon 30 in d.n ti.lon Blek idringo.; di. woh. nJg.n habgn dis Melichkeit' sih noch .fu alg a.i soilon.u ori..ti.r.n' zwischn d.n Golaud.hii|ttn |hl. ofton6 TBPp. it (i@iq.n h|r q.Bzuggo T.oppsn.n|.g6aU{' '116b6.doT.ilv.rblndd. "pa;'rs.ch.i". lorq.s.hoG |iot di6 TilgaEq{ |n do gBt.n w.. G6chB6. b.llnd.n 3ich g.B. woh ln Eb.o'n'zwi.chonlhn6n liihdgingPss!5o. i. Bl@kinn.r.' dl. ..inom kloin.n um.! An dl st|...ra!s|n sich. EG w.i Led.n' d.'iib.r klai. sl!di.. und 2.zis|wohnung9n h@h b..in dsn 7 srock. El.. do' cohi|ld.rei'gn sp..net von dor 3it!lc.n G|und0ck'!r.n2. zufnck lrccht|lchl Fnsloi zu n5chtsn Hol' A|l. whnong.n .ind |n ihr.' Dilpoitlon und GriiA. sch.l.on' di. so in ihlom Albitq.biot wohnn knnon. or Wohnunq*iqang l hn s'! Wohn.a!' Kllcho und wc abg.h.n. .n. sch|a FlUr' vn dofi
mhl
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p.oblems invo|vig |iqhriq, uMald and a.. extmelyd.p6dent on.nta. ilo {po*ibl. so|utions wirn o.ieI windows|-speial probIe: 'i prcr.dion. ln addilion' howeve., co.ne. building 3|oocupy a
con6r buildinss a.o jusi as con block j.rlill and str@|side developments; jfl th|s cas8 th cloly
p|scEd wing3 a|so plosnt
E@EE!E-
speci.| uan.pl.nninq posion on which qleat lo.mal exper.. tiofu ar. olacod: thov a.krh6 ond ol1h. sta.t and a|. viawd fto lour gid' Tho symngt po6ibl.solutions. 1.Ths stanw t..tor courtyard 'd.' eith.r c|osd or op.n lwhthugh p.3.
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thocoualdl'2.Arcess v'afu st.iMay.:6a.hw.9 has . own danwav.3.A |ae apaJtmenr lsomdles svel ap.n. .nB wiih be|t windwsl js wrapp.d arcUd th6 corr 4' Th
3ag6 of
floorplan develops two pe.fectly symtrical .p.dhent n 1h b.i8 ota diagonal- 5.Tha c]osed corner is dissolved i a pl.x lom and rolinquish6sdesig. in f avorof |ivinq quaIity' 6.A ext.n. sorution: rhe corne' bu'ldluq i
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an independent module.
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E.khlu!.'
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