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STA AR
State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness
TM
D =
m V
( =(
accepted value experimental value accepted value actual yield theoretical yield
(100)
(100)
J s
m s
14
( )
mol L
alpha particle () =
beta particle () =
0 e 1
neutron =
1 n 0
standard temperature and pressure (STP) = 0C and 1 atm 0C = 273 K volume of ideal gas at STP = 22.4 1 cm = 1 mL = 1 cc 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa R = ideal gas constant = 0.0821 L atm mol K = 8.31 L kPa mol K = 62.4 L mm Hg mol K
3
L mol
1 calorie (cal) = 4.18 joules (J) 1000 calories (cal) = 1 Calorie (Cal) = 1 kilocalorie (kcal)
STA AR
State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness
TM
c = f E photon = hf E photon = hc
SOLUTIONS Molarity =
moles of solute liter of solution
M =
Volume of solution 1
)(
molarity of solution 1
)=(
volume of solution 2
)(
molarity of solution 2
)( )
pH = -logarithm (hydrogen ion concentration) THERMOCHEMISTRY Heat gained or lost = (mass) Enthalpy of enthalpy = of products reaction
( )-(
specific heat
)(
change in temperature
enthalpy of reactants
STA AR
State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness
TM
ACTIVITY SERIES
Metal Lithium Potassium Barium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Manganese Zinc Chromium Iron Cobalt Nickel Tin Lead (Hydrogen) Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold
Common exceptions None None None None None None None None Compounds of Ag+ , Pb2+ , and Hg2+ 2 Compounds of Ag+ , Pb2+ , and Hg2+ 2 Compounds of Ag+ , Pb2+ , and Hg2+ 2 Compounds of Sr 2+ , Ba2+ , Pb2+ , and Hg2+ 2 Common exceptions Compounds of NH+ and the alkali metal cations 4 Compounds of NH+ and the alkali metal cations 4 Compounds of NH+ and the alkali metal cations 4 Compounds of NH+ and the alkali metal cations 4
+ Compounds of NH4 , the alkali metal cations, 2+ Ca2+, Sr , and Ba2+
CO2 3
ClO3 ClO2
NO3
CN ClO
ClO2 ClO3 ClO4
CrO2 4 CN Cr2O2 7
HCO3
Cl I SO2 4
OH ClO
NO3 NO2 ClO4
Increasing Activity
Br