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IBS TRAINING
PREPARED BY: JAYAN.Y ADA CELLWORKS,PUNE

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CONTENTS

IBS SURVEY LINK BUDGET CALCULATION IMPLEMENTATION QUALITY CHECKLIST VENDOR HANDLING TIPS REPEATER BASIC OF LOS SURVEY BASIC OF RF SURVEY

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What is IBS/DAS ?
1.In-building Solution (IBS) / Distributed Antenna System (DAS) 1.Small Cell Coverage within building premises 2.Signal is restricted inside the building 3.Antenna installed inside the building 4.Low Transmit Power of Antenna 5.Smaller Antenna size

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What drives the need for IBS ?

1. Demand of Continuous coverage 2. Indoor Activities generating high traffic 3. Poor indoor coverage of outdoor sites 4. Offloading outdoor cells with high utilization 5. Improvement of Network Performance.

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IBS Project 1.Site Survey (IBS and LOS) 2.Design report preparation of the survey 3.Implementation work 4.Frequency planning and database preparation 5.Walk test 6.Optimization and site handover

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PLANNING PROCESS
Survey, IBS Planning

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IBS Planning Process Flow Chart

SITE ACQUISITION Customer request 1. With target buildings 2. Without target buildings target buildings -> Preliminary site survey -> Area survey to locate possible

-> Approval: customer accepts target buildings

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PRELIMINARY SITE SURVEY/PRE- PLANNING 1. 2. 3. 4. Building Information. Surrounding Network Information. Draft Solution Design. Budgetary Cost Estimation.

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SITE SURVEY 1. 2. 3. 4. Propagation Measurement. Final BTS & Antenna location. Final Cable routing. Photos of Antenna Location, BTS Location, Microwave Pole location.

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DETAIL DESIGN REPORT 1. 2. 3. 4. System Diagram (Trunking Diagram). Power Budget Calculation. Solution Description Template. TSSR (Technical Site Survey Report) for BTS & Microwave details.

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TYPES OF TYPICAL BUILDINGS COVERED IN IBS

1.Office Complex 2.Shopping Malls. 3.Hotels & Restaurants. 4.Hospitals. 5.VIP Guest House. 6.Exhibition Centre. 7.Government Buildings. 8.Airports. 9.Railway Stations. 10.Corporate Residential Complex. 11.Factories & Industries

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IBS SURVEY & PRE-PLANNING

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TOOLS REQUIRED FOR IBS SURVEY 1. GPS 2. Digital Camera. 3. Magnetic Compass. 4. Binoculars. 5. Measuring Tape. 6. Net Monitor Phone. 7. Floor Plan of that Particular Site

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STEPS IN IBS SURVEY 1. Study the building architecture, with the help of floor plans & guidance from Building authorities 2. Understand the requirements need in terms of Coverage, Capacity, future Subscriber growth etc. 3. Identify the duct for the cable routing & component location. 4. Survey on each floor using net monitor and floor plan. 5. Mark the present signal level and the antenna location to be installed in the floor plan. 6. Note down all the present serving cell information like CELL ID, BCCH, Rx. Level, etc. 7. Identify the BTS location, antenna locations and mark on the floor plan. 8. Also not down the type of ceiling, whether pop cutting is required or not

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LOS SURVEY MAKE TERRACE LAY OUT TAKE LAT LONG BY GPS ASK FOR FAR END TO SURVEY CO ORDINATOR DECIDE TOWER HEIGHT( e. g POLE,RTT, GBT )REQUIREMENT ( ALSO CONSIDER CUSTOMER SPECIFICATION , NOT MENDATORY ) CHECK POSSIBILITY OF CABLE ROUTING UPTO BTS LOCATION IF PCM CABLE OR A-BTS IS REQUIRED FOR TX ,THEN MAKE NOTE THAT PCM CABLE LENGTH IS NOT EXCEEDING BY THAT OF GIVEN SPECIFICATION( UPTO 250 M). ( DO NOT COMPROMISE WITH BTS LOCATION IT AFFECTS POWER CALCUTAION )

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INDOOR PROPOGATION Indoor channels are different from traditional mobile radio channels in two different ways The distances covered are much smaller The variability of the environment is much greater for a much smaller range of Tx-Rx separation distances. The propagation inside a building is influenced by Layout of the building Construction materials Typical building type Sports arena, residential home, factory,... Indoor propagation is dominated by the same mechanisms as outdoor reflection, scattering, diffraction.

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However, conditions are much more variable Doors/windows open or not The mounting place of antenna On the wall, ceiling, etc. The level of floors In building path loss factors Partition losses (same floor) Partition losses between floors

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PARTITION LOSSES There are two kind of partition at the same floor: Hard partitions: the walls of the rooms Soft partitions: moveable partitions that does not span to the ceiling The path loss depends on the type of the partitions PARTITION LOSSES BETWEEN FLOORS The losses between floors of a building are determined by External dimensions and materials of the building Type of construction used to create floors External surroundings Number of windows Presence of tinting on windows

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o Antenna System used in IBS

Integrated Antenna System An Indoor area covered by one location e.g., open premises like sports arena, railway station where BTS is mounted on the wall connected to the Integrated antenna system Antennas Distributed Via Coax Feeder Network This is the most simplified method used in IBS. It has some advantage like low cost, flexibility in the Design when shaping the coverage area, robust and well proven technique Leaky Cable This type is mainly used in Train tunnels, where it is tough to install with Coax feeder network. It also has flexible design but it is costly Antennas Distributed Via Fibre Optic Network Low attenuation is the key factor for the deploying IBS thro fibre

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14M SP4W5F01 27M SP3W5F01 15M J 08M

AN5F005 AN5F006 AN5F007 AN5F008 AN5F009 AN5F010 AN5F011 AN5F012

19M 23M SP3W5F02 SP2W5F04 09M 08M SP2W5F05 SP3W5F03 09M

15M 03M 14M

AN6F001
3M

AN5F013 AN5F014 AN5F025

06M 11M

AN5F004 AN5F003

24M SP2W5F01

10M J 9M SP2W5F02 06M

SP2W5F03 10M 25M 17M J SP4W5F02 11M 6M 30M

04M

AN5F015
13M

AN5F002 AN5F001

AN5F016 AN5F022 AN5F023 AN5F017

AN5F021
12M

08M

5M

14M

10dB
CP10dB5F01

7dB
CP7dB5F01

SP2W5F06 CP7dB5F02

7dB

07M

10M

20M

7dB

15M 15M

AN5F018 AN5F019 AN5F020 AN5F025

CP7dB5F03 SP4W5F03

10M 21M

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17M

11M

13M

23M

AN5F010

AN5F011

AN5F0139

AN5F018

AN5F019

J
AN5F003

SP3W5F02 15M 10M

SP4W5F01
7M

21M 5M

SP4W5F03
18M
J 7dB
AN5F020

08M

SP2W5F04
11M 08M
AN5F022 AN5F023

AN5F017

Cable goes to the sixth floor 24M

AN5F004

AN5F009

10M SP2W5F01
J
AN5F002

SP2W5F03 CP7dB5F01
J 7dB
AN5F005

25M

AN5F012

23M SP3W5F01

20M

CP7dB5F03
23M 13M
AN5F016

7dB

3M

CP7dB5F02
19M

30M

AN5F013

09M 14M

10dB

SP2W5F02 14M 6M 8M

10M
AN5F008

14M 8M

14M

SP2W5F06
AN5F021

CP10dB5F01 SP4W5F02
8M
AN5F140 AN5F006 AN5F007

09M SP3W5F03 SP2W5F05 3M

4M

AN5F001

AN5F014

AN5F015

DUCT 1( ELECTRICAL)

LINK BUDGET CALCULATION

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IT IS BASICALLY FOR POWER THAT REQUIRED AT ANTENNA END.IT DEPENDS ON THE COMPONENTS THAT HAS BEEN USED FROM BTS TO ANTENNA THAT IS ERP( EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER ). We generally deal with EIRP ( Effective Isotropic Radiated Power ),which is defined below.

EIRP( Effective Isotropic Radiated Power )= ERP( Effective Radiated Power ) + Gain of that component

LIST OF COMPONENTS WITH LOSSES ARE AS FOLLOWS:: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) SPLITTERS COUPLERS CABLES ANTENNAS COMBINER JUMPER CABLE

1) SPLITTERS::

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Generally 3 types of splitters are used in IBS which are as follows.

2 WAY 3 WAY 4 WAY

TYPE

LOSS (dB)

-3.25 -5.05 -6.25

1) SPLITTERS ( Continue )::

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2 WAY

3 WAY

4 WAY

2) COUPLERS::

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TYPE

LOSS AT COUPLE PORT (dB)

LOSS AT THROUGH PORT (dB)

7 dB 10 dB 15 dB

-7 -10 -15

-1.5 -0.5 -0.3

NOTE: Ideally there should be 0 dB loss at through port. But there is always some loss, which is mentioned in table.

2) COUPLERS ( Continue )::

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THROUGH PORT COUPLED PORT

INPUT

3) CABLES::

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TYPE

LOSS (dB per meter)

( LDF4-50 A) 7/8 ( LDF5-50 A ) 1-5/8 ( LDF7-50 A )

-0.11 -0.06 -0.03

3) CABLES ( Continue )::

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4) ANTENNAS::

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Generally 3 types of antenna are used in IBS, which are as follows.

TYPE

Gain (dBi )

2 PANEL ANTENNA 7 FLAT PATCH OMNI ANTENNA 5

OMNI ANTENNA

4) ANTENNAS ( Continue )::

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OMNI ANTENNA

4) ANTENNAS ( Continue )::

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PANEL ANTENNA

4) ANTENNAS ( Continue )::

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12 cm

12 cm

FLAT PATCH OMNI ANTENNA ( Vendor : Kaweri )

5) COMBINER::

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TYPE LOSS

A combiner is the device that enables several transmitters to transmitter from the same antenna.

HYBRID COMBINER( 2 I/P,1 O/P )

3 dB

TX 1

e. g TRX

TX 2

A N T E N N A

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6) LINK BUDGET CALCULATION :: Example with Trunking Diagram:

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NOTE:BTS POWER IS MENTIONED AS 37 CONSIDERING 3dB COMBINER LOSS.

6) DIFFERENT CONNECTOR USED IN IMPLEMENTATION:

( 1 ) N MALE CONNECTOR( L4PNM-RC )

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Connect with antenna port Or splitter port.

Connect with cable

To connect female port of other component like our antennas and splitter.

( 2 ) N FEMALE CONNECTOR( L4PNF-RC )

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Connect with male port like 7/8 to inch connector Or Kaveri combiner

Connect with cable

To connect male port of other component like 7/8 to connector.

( 3 ) 7/8 to inch CONNECTOR( L5PNM-RC )

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Connect with female port like Our antannas and splitter

Connect with 7/8 cable( LDF 5-50A ) To connect female port of 7/8 cable at one side and female port of cable or splitter

( 4 ) DIN Male for LDF5-50 A 7/8 inch Cable( L5PDM-RPC )

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Connect with female port of jumper cable or directly to Port of BTS which is Generally at the top of Ultra BTS

Connect with 7/8 cable( LDF 5-50A ) To connect female port of 7/8 cable at one side and BTS port or jumper cable

( 5 ) EXTERNAL COMBINER(AVANTEL)

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Female Port

Female Port

Female Port

( 6 ) EXTERNAL COMBINER(KAVERI)

( 6 ) EXTERNAL COMBINER(KAVERI)

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Female Port

Female Port

Female Port

( 7 ) EXTERNAL JUMPER CABLE

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THIS PORT HAS SIZE SAME AS 7/8 CABLE

AT COMBIER END

AT BTS END

7) BTS Types: Generally 3 types of BTS Available. 1) Ultra BTS

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Configuration: 4+4+4 Power: 43 dBm

Nominal Voltage:230AC/-48VDC

Cabinet Max. power Demand:1.8KVVAC / 1.5KVADC

2) METRO BTS

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85cm

25cm
35cm
Configuration: 2+2 Power: 40 dBm

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SECTORS JUMPER CABLE

MW CABLE FOR CONNECTIVITY

3) ULTRA MINI BTS

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It looks same as Ultra BTS. Configuration: 2+2 Power: 43 dBm

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DETAILED DESIGN REPORT 1. Building Information: Co-ordinates, No. of Floors, Basements, Lobbies. 2. BTS Information: BTS Type, BTS O/P power, TRX Configuration, Sectorization. 3. TSSR Form Transmission & RF details if planned with outdoor sectors also) 4. Trunking Diagram - Schematic Presentation of Antenna to BTS connection via different components like, splitters, combiners & couplers. 5. Link Budget Calculations EIRP calculation at all antenna ports, considering all the losses. 6. Planned Antenna Location with coverage area. 7. Bill of Quantity - Material Requirement for the Implementation of DAS.

REPEATER : Generally used where capacity required is low.

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It amplifies and converts weak signal into stronger signal by adding some gain to it.

There are 2 types of repeaters. 1) BAND SELECTIVE: It amplifies and boost frequency of particular BAND

2) FREQUENCY SELECTIVE: It amplifies and boost particular frequencies only (Generally 2 / 3 frequency.

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TYPICAL REPEATER INSTALLATION

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PICK UP ANTENNA(HIGHLY DIRECTIONAL ) NEARER SITE

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CONNECTED TO ANTENNA

CONNECTED TO PEAK UP ANTENNA

POWER: 2W GENERALLY.( 33 dBm ) BAND SELECTIVE

INDOOR REPEATER

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IBS IMPLEMENTATION

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TYPICAL IBS INSTALLATION

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GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION ISSUE IN IBS OPEN CONNECTION Antenna, splitter, coupler port is open

COUPLER Couple port/through port is reversed Input port/through port is reversed

LABELING All the splitters and couplers should be labeled for easy identification

ANTENNA PLACEMENT OR ORIENTATIONS IS NOT AS PER PLAN Shift in antennas if any due to route / customer problem.

THERE IS NO PROPER SADDLING, TYING OF CABLES No Saddling/tying done on site, typical requirement is as follows i.e., every 1mtr or 1.5mtr cable is to be tied

REQUIREMENT OF EXTRA MATERIAL Clamps FOR Antennas/cable

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VENDOR HANDLING 1. Handover site to vendor with all details like work permission, material storage space, proper cable routing. 2. Generate MRF for delivery of material to this site. 3. Ask vendor for daily update. 4. Must visit site 2-3 day in week. 5. Ask all details after completion of full site. 6. Get the material details from the vendor 7. Get the BOM (Bill of Material) from the vendor and generate cam Form for the site after reconciling the material

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IMPLIMENTATION AUDIT Visit site daily if possible otherwise 2-3 day in week Check installation is as par plan or change Decide any changes in antenna location (if require according to aesthetic, permission, cable routing etc..)

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IBS IMPLEMENTATION QUALITY STANDARDS. 1. No Extra Cable is left rolled near the BTS Equipment. 2. Feeder Cable and components have to be independently & properly clamped (saddling) to the wall or laid over the cable tray . 3. Combiner is clamped and the various cables to and from the combiner are secured properly on the Cable tray or Wall mount. 4. Feeder Installation for all the sectors should have appropriate bending radius for both 1/2 & 7/8. 5. Connector have to be weather proofed 6. Feeders & components should be anchored at fixed intervals by saddling/cable tie 7. Aesthetic rectification should be completed with cleanliness

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THANK YOU