LECTURE NOTES ON DISTILLATION By Prof.K.P.Madhavan, Department of Chemical Engineering & CAD Centre & Dr.

Sunil Shah, CAD Centre Indian Institute of Technology, Powai Mumbai-400076

CONTENTS
1. DISTILLATION-INTODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Basic Principle used for separation 1.3 Enthalpy Concentration diagrams 1.4 Methods of Distillation MULTISTAGE DISTILLATION PROCESSES 2.1 Fractionation in plate columns 2.2 Distillation of a binary mixture 2.3 McCabe Thiele method 2.4 Effect of Reflux ratio on number of plates 2.5 Actual number of plates MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Degrees of freedom in a multicomponent column 3.3 Use of keys in analysing multicomponent columns 3.4 Computer based tools for multicomponent systems 3.5 Composition profile of a typical multicomponent system OPERATIONAL FEATURES OF DISTILLATION COLUMN 4.1 Introduction 4.2 External and Internal flows 4.3 Pressure 4.4 Efficiency of contactor 4.5 Feed point location 4.6 Operating constraints of a column 4.7 Minimum energy use DISTILLATION CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Degrees of freedom 5.3 Distillation control schemes 5.4 Optimization of column operation VAPOUR-LIQUID CONTACTING DEVICES 6.1 Tray Towers 6.1.1. Tray Design 6.1.2. Design procedure 6.1.3. Design Algorithm 6.1.4. Quick estimation of tower diameter 6.1.5. Tray Efficiency 6.2 Packed towers 6.2.1 Packing parameters

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6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 6.2.6 7.

Pressure drop in a packed column Design equation for packed column Liquid distribution on packed column efficiency Components of a packed column Tray towers vs packed towers

DISTILLATION OF FATTY ACID 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Choice of pressure 7.3 Reboiler/Vapouriser 7.4 Type of conatactor 7.5 Distillation sequences 7.6 Simulation of a fatty Acid Plant