Major Potato Varieties and their Production Technologies

Dr. Kamal Humayun Kabir Director, TCRC, BARI

PRESENT STATUS OF POTATO

 Potato is the third major crop after rice and wheat in Bangladesh.  Total area is 0.472 million ha and total production is 8.5 million tons (approx) in 2009-10  The average yield is 18.00 tons/ha  The per capita availability of potato is 56.0 kg per annum  Bangladesh is 14th among the world potato producers and 3rd largest in Asia.

0.6 0.5

Potato Area in Bangladesh

0.52 0.464 0.403 0.367 0.318 0.248 0.373 0.377 0.472

0.4 Area (M ha) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.237

2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 200901 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Cropping year

Potato Production in Bangladesh

10 9 8 7 Production (M ton) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Cropping Year 3.21 2.99 4.35 5.31 6.746 5.95 5.38 5.4

9.2 8.5

Yield of Potato
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 18 13.68 14.47 14.76 14.42 14.32 15 14.53

12.94

12.62

Yield (t/ha)

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Cropping year

 Major cultivated varieties are Diamant, Cardinal, Granola, Asterix, Patrones etc.  Patrones and Multa are early variety.  Granola and Provento are export variety.  Asterix, Espirit and Lady Rosseta are processing variety.  Meridian, Sagitta and Quincy are new variety.

Diamant (BARI Alu- 7)

 Most popular variety  Tuber: White, oval, medium to large, smooth skin, light yellow flesh  Yield: 25-35 t/ha  Duration of maturity: 90-95 days  Release year: 1993

Cardinal (BARI Alu- 8)

Tuber: Red, oval, skin smooth. Yield: 25-30 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Release year : 1993

Granola (BARI Alu- 13)

 Tuber: Whitish, oval to round, medium, light yellow flesh, skin smooth  Yield: 25-30 t/ha  Duration of maturity: 90-95 days  Suitable for export  Release year : 1994

Asterix (BARI Alu- 25)

Tuber: Red, oval to oblong, medium to large size, smooth skin , pale yellow flesh Yield: 25-30 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for processing Release year : 2005

Espirit (BARI Alu- 27)

Tuber: Medium to large, white, round to oval shape Yield: 20-30 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for processing purpose Release year : 2008

Lady Rossetta (BARI Alu- 28) Tuber: Large size, oval shaped, white tubers. Yield: 25-30 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for processing purpose Release year : 2008

Courage (BARI Alu- 29)

Tuber: Medium size, round shape, red tubers. Yield: 25-30 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Release year : 2008

Recently released variety

Meridian (BARI Alu- 30)

Tuber: White medium size tuber with oval shape. Yield: 25-30 t/ha, Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Release year : 2009

Sagitta (BARI Alu- 31)

Tuber: White medium to large size tuber with oval shape, Yield: 25-35 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Release year : 2010

Quincy (BARI Alu- 32)

Tuber: Oval to long oval tuber shape Yield: 25-35 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Release year : 2010

Production technology of Potato

Land Type and Preparation

 Deep well drained sandy loamy soil is the best soil for potato cultivation.  Soil should be free from stones and clods for avoiding deformation of tubers.  Prepare the land to a good tilth by 3-4 ploughing and leveling.  Soil should be free from weed.  Land should be plained.

PrePre-sprouting of Seed Tubers

Seed should be taken out from the cold store 10-15 days before planting and kept in pre-cooling chamber for 24 hours. Spread in cool and shady places for sprout.

Seed Source: BADC and BARI

Seed rate: 1.5-2.0 ton/ha Seed Preparation

Whole tuber should be planted for seed potato. Large tuber can be cut into pieces. Each cut tuber should contain at least two eyes. To avoid transmitting viral and bacterial diseases clean knife should be used.

Fig. Ideal Cut tuber

Wrong cut tuber

Planting
Potato can be planted in the Whole month of November. Appropriate time is 15-20 November.

Planting distance Whole tuber Line to line = 60 cm Plant to plant = 25 cm Cut tuber Line to line = 60 cm Plant to plant = 10-15 cm

Methods of sowing
Ridge and furrow method
 Prepared ridge.  The length of the ridges depends on slope of the plot.  Too long ridges and furrows are not suitable for irrigation  The potato tubers should be planted on ridges and irrigation should be provided in furrows.

60cm

cm

Placement of tubers in furrow

Covering seed potatoes with soil

Fertilizer application in furrows

Making ridges

Manures and fertilizers

Manures and fertilizers Farmyard manure Urea TSP MP Boric Acid Zinc Sulphate Gypsum Amount Per hectare 10 ton 325 kg 220 kg 250 kg 6 kg 14 kg 120 kg

Per decimal 40 kg 1.5 kg 900 gm 1 kg 25 gm 50 gm 500 gm

Manures and fertilizers

Before planting, farmyard manure is incorporated in

soil. Half of N, full P an K are to be applied as basal dose before planting tubers. Remaining N is applied at the time of earthing up after 3030-35 DAP.

Intercultural operation
Irrigation  The sufficient soil moisture is needed for satisfactory sprouting.  Irrigation should be provided as and when necessary (Max- 3-4) Earthing up  Earthing up should be done when the plants are 15 to 22 cm in height.  Generally, earthing up is done at the time of top dressing of nitrogenous fertilizers.  If necessary, a second earthing up may be done after two weeks of the first one.

Earthing up

Roughing
 Off type plants should be removed as soon as they are observed.  In addition to off type plants, remove plants affected by blight, leaf roll and mosaic diseases from the seed field.

Haulm Pulling
 For the seed potato production, the haulms should be pulled about 10 days before harvesting so that the tuber skin matures and prevents the tubers from getting injured at harvesting and grading.  Halums may be pulled manually as close to the ground as possible.

Ideal haulm pulling

Wrong haulm pulling

Harvesting
Harvesting can be done either manually or mechanically. Within 65-70 DAP for early consumption/sale. Within 85-90 DAP for seed purposes. Within 85-95 DAP for long time storage.

Yield
25-35 ton/ha

Curing and Storage

 After harvesting, tubers should be kept in heaps in a cool place for 10-15 days for drying and curing of skin.  Cut, damaged and rotten tubers should be discarded and good tubers be graded into three sizes such as small (< 28 cm dia), Medium (28-55 cm dia) and large (> 55 cm dia).  Potatoes for seed purpose should be sprayed with 3 % boric acid (1 L water + 30 gm boric acid) covering whole tuber. There should be no excess spray water under the heap.

Curing and Storage



Drying in ambient temperature for as long as need (6-12 hrs) for preventing seed borne diseases like black scurf, common scab etc. before storing in bags. Treated tuber should be dried in shade. Seed Potatoes are packed in gunny bags of 50-80 kg. Storing in cold storage at 2-40 C

Seed Treatment with Boric Acid

Major Insects Pests

Insects Cut worm Control Measures Spray Chlorpyrifos (Dursban 20 EC) @ 2ml/L of water Spray Malathion (Maladan 57 EC) @ 2 ml/L water. Spray Carbosulfun (Marshal 20 EC) @ 2 ml/L water.

Aphids

Potato tuber moth

Cut worm

Cut worm pupa

Cut worm moth

Cut worm infested tuber

Aphids infested leaf of potato

Potato tuber moth

Potato tuber moth infested tuber

Major Diseases
Diseases Late blight of potato Common Scab Bacterial wilt Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) PVY and PVX Control Measures Spray with Mancozeb (Diathane M-45) @ 2g/L of water or Mancozeb+Metalaxyl (Ridomeal gold 72 WP) @ 1g/L of water Treat the seed with 3% boric acid before storing. Uprooting of infected plants and stop irrigation. Apply staple bleaching @ 20-25 kg/ha Uprooting of infected plants. Spray Malathion (Maladan 57 EC) @ 2 ml/L water to control aphids. Uprooting of infected plants Spray Malathion (Maladan 57 EC) @ 2 ml/L water.

Late Blight infected potato field

Late Blight Symptoms

Different stages of Late Blight infection at field level

Common scab infected tuber

PLRV infected plant

PVY infected plant

Procedures of Quality Seed Potato Production using seed plot technique

         

Plant disease free seed tubers within 15 November Plant whole tuber Soil should have sufficient moisture up to 30-35 DAP Placement of barrier crops to prevent virus dissemination. Roughing regularly Apply insecticide and fungicide as and when necessary Haulm pulling after 75-80 DAP Harvest at 85-90 DAP Treat with 3 % boric acid before storage Preserve seed potato in cold storage

Thank You