INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR TOXIC GAS DETECTION USING GSM TECHNOLOGY

GUIDED BY XXXXXXX

SUBMITTED BY
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Objective
The aim of this project is designing a microcontroller based Toxic gas detector using GAS sensor and human detection using PIR sensor.

Abstract
The detection unit reaches the maximum temperature level and it detects any Toxic gas leakage, it checks any person entering the protected area through PIR sensor, it sends SMS to the user through the GSM modem.

Literature review
[1]. Methane and Carbon Monoxide Gas Detection system based on semiconductor sensor Cordos, E. Ferenczi, L. Cadar,, S. Pitl, G. Aciu, A. Ghita, A.Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Volume 2, May 2006 Page:208 211. [2]. Detection of toxic gases by a tin oxide multisensor Baluk, S. Aleixandre, M. Fernandez, M.J. Ares, L.Garcia, M. Santos, IEEE Volume 2, Issue 5, Oct 2002 Page: 387 393.

AT89S51 Microcontroller
The Micro-controller AT89S51 has many prominent features suitable for such interfacing and controlling applications. They are also suitable for serial port interfacing which is very much needed for data transfer.

Block diagram
Power Supply AT89S51 AMP Unit

PIR Sensor

MAX232

Gas Detection

RS232

GSM Modem

Hardware requirements
Power supply unit. AT89S51 Microcontroller. Sensors. GAS Sensor. PIR Sensor. Amplifier unit. Alarm unit. MAX232. RS232. GSM Modem.

Software requirements
Keil C compiler. Orcad circuit design. Embedded C Programming.

Power supply circuit diagram

D2 2 JP8 1 1 2 2 9V DC 41N4007 1

1
D1 +2 DB106 C9 470uF/25V 1

LM7805C/TO220 IN U3 OUT 3

VCC

GND

100uF/16V

D3

R1 330E D4 LED

C10

5V1

C11 0.1uF

Features of AT89S51
4K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz. Three-level Program Memory Lock. 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM. Two 16-bit Timer/Counters. Six Interrupt Sources. Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes. Watchdog Timer , Dual Data Pointer.

Microcontroller circuit diagram

VCC 0.1uF U1 P1_0 P1_1 P1_2 P1_3 P1_4 P1_5 P1_6 P1_7 P3_0 P3_1 P3_2 P3_3 P3_4 P3_5 P3_6 P3_7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 18 19 C3 33PF P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INTO P3.3/INT1 P3.4/TO P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD RST XTAL2 XTAL1 C1

40

20

P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7

39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21

P0_0 P0_1 P0_2 P0_3 P0_4 P0_5 P0_6 P0_7

VCC

VCC

GND

EA/VPP ALE/PROG PSEN P2.7/A15 P2.6/A14 P2.5/A13 P2.4/A12 P2.3/A11 P2.2/A10 P2.1/A9 P2.0/A8

P2_7 P2_6 P2_5 P2_4 P2_3 P2_2 P2_1 P2_0

RST

C2

10uF

R2 8K2

11.0592MHz X1 C4 33PF

AT89S51

Microcontroller Pin Description

I/O port pins Four ports are: P0, P1, P2, and P3. Each port uses 8 pins. All I/O pins are bi-directional. P1, P2, and P3 have internal pull-up resisters. P1, P2, and P3 are not open drain. P0 has no internal pull-up resistors and does not connect to Vcc inside the AT89S51. All the ports upon RESET are configured as output.

RST pin 9 reset It is an input pin and is active high normally low . The high pulse must be high at least 2 machine cycles. It is a power-on reset. /EA pin 31 external access The /EA pin is connected to GND to indicate the code is stored externally. /PSEN ALE are used for external ROM. For AT89S51, /EA pin is connected to Vcc. It is an active low pin.

/PSEN pin 29 This is an output pin and is connected to the OE pin of the ROM. ALE pin 30 AT89S51 port 0 provides both address and data. The ALE pin is used for de-multiplexing the address and data. XTAL1 (pin 19 ) Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier. XTAL2 (pin 18 ) Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

MQ-5 GAS SENSOR

Features
Sensitivity: 100ppm to 3000ppm. Circuit voltage: 3V to 15V DC. Dimension (D x H): 19 x 17mm. Heater power consumption: 750mW. Temperature range: -20deg. C to +40deg. C.

Advantages
High sensitivity to LPG, natural and town gas. Fast response. Stable and long life. Simple drive circuit.

LM324-D Amplifier IC

PIR SENSOR

 Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device which measures infrared light radiating from objects in its field of view. PIRs are often used in the construction of PIRbased motion detectors. Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature, such as a wall.

Features
Excellent RFI/EMI immunity. Delay time is adjustable. Simple in structure. Intelligent signal processing circuit.

Specifications
Power Supply : 110V~240V AC Dimension : 33x82x86mm(wxdxh) Maximum load : 10A Working temperature: -20oC~60oC. Detection range : 12mts. Horizontal/Vertical detection angle : 1600/3600

Serial port interface

VCC C8 10uF

16

TXD C5 10uF C6 10uF

13 8 11 10 1 3 4 5 6 C7

U2 R1IN R2IN T1IN T2IN C+ C1C2+ C2V-

R1OUT R2OUT T1OUT T2OUT

12 9 14 7

VCC

V+

RXD

GND

5 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1

P1

SERIAL PORT

10uF

MAX-232

15

RS-232
In RS-232, the data is sent as a time series of bits. Both asynchronous and synchronous transmissions are supported by the standard. In addition to the data circuits used to manage the connection between the DTE and DCE, each data or control circuit operates only in one direction. It can operate in full duplex manner.

GSM MODEM
A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.

GSM MODEM

GSM Technology
Used by more than 214 countries.

Operating bands: 900MHz and 1800MHz. Data transfer speed: 9.6Kbps roaming. Supports SMS service. GSM modem receives and transmits SMS.

Detailed project circuit diagram

VCC 10uF 5 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 P1

16

C1

TXD0 RXD0 C3 10uF

T1IN T2IN

VCC

11 10 12 9 1 3 4 5

U1

T1OUT T2OUT R2IN R1IN

14 7 8 13

SERIAL PORT

ALARM CIRCUIT PORT-GSM MODEM

1 R1 1K 2 VCC 0.1uF 1 Q1 3 BC547 LS1 VCC 2

R1OUT R2OUT C+ C1C2+

V+

MAX232
V6 C5 10uF PIR IN RXD1 TXD1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 U2 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7

BUZZER

40

20

C4 10uF

C2

VCC P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 P0_0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 C P0_0R4 1k 2 1 R1 +9V 3 5 8 6 VCC 1 2 1 Q1 BC547 3 5V 7 K1 4

GND

15

VCC

C2-

GND

RXD0 TXD0 VCC

C6

gas sensor

RST

10uF RST 9 18 19 C8 33PF

P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INTO P3.3/INT1 P3.4/TO P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD RST XTAL2 XTAL1

EA/VPP ALE/PROG PSEN P2.7/A15 P2.6/A14 P2.5/A13 P2.4/A12 P2.3/A11 P2.2/A10 P2.1/A9 P2.0/A8

SW1

SIP 9 10k

8K2

C7 X1 33PF

AT89S51
VCC

RESISTOR VAR

VCC R7

3 2

+ -

P2_2

11

GND

R2

11.0592MHz

PIR sensor

Flowchart

Start

Enable Serial Interrupt and Global Interrupt

EA, ES, P1, P0, P2,

alarm, pir, gas

serial port initialization

Loop forever A Gas==1

Delay for 1Min

Call Gas Function j=0 B

send[j]! ='\0'

SBUF = send[j++]
Delay for 1Min

send[j]==' \0'

Delay for 1Min

SBUF = 0x0D
Delay for 1Min

k=0

message2[k]! ='\0'

SBUF = message2[k++];
Delay for 1Min

SBUF = 0x1A
Delay for 1Min

gas=0

pir==0

Call pir_send()

pir=1, x=0

Snapshot of the project

Advantages
Fast response. Accurate detection.

Applications
For detection of Toxic gas leakage in
Industry. Automobiles. Hospitals. Home.

Future scope
High definition web camera can be interfaced. Temperature sensor can be added with the existing module. Controlling of the remote devices can be done.

Conclusion
The project Intelligent system for toxic gas detection using GSM technology has been designed and fabricated into a demo unit and tested and found successful. For the demo purpose, the system detects butane and propane gases. Thus, the system can detect toxic gases and sends SMS to the user. It is also designed to detect human presence by using PIR sensor. By implementing this project Toxic Gas leakage can be detected and human lives can be saved.

Thank you