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An
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Ben Krose
Networks
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Q @C Q We>)W E; C =
"UT
T FuC$@[}We@ V = E [C$@X D W D E T RQ @) Q E @C = W = V E T W V W K;= [ @ 8 DD =SE; W KKl V D; > = 0V E C
@ = K W DD; H @ D A$" = Q @ ;= ; Q K WR\? KPE; T K W l @{F 0V T FuC$@[<We@ V = E [<C$@X ;D WeL K E C K We@ =oE C
K W DD; F l W KK Q C DD; L K ;= Q ? E Q W EE @ =.D C$@@ EKl$b L.? E W = = C$@\+C)? D W$\/C)? = E C$F2 C ='= E; C =.Dk;Dy= 0V 0V
Q @) Q E @C =rb ;='D X lpD T2C4[ 0V E T'W E \/W =Sl Q @C$L K \ D W = C ='KPl L D C KPO 0V ; F W, T/T ; V'V = ? =';PE ;D
] FuC$@ E T }
L
We@ KPl
F 0V
ON;D ?.W K Q W EE
(K
(R
E 0V E CqW KjK ;= Q ? ED _ A "UT \B? DE; C = ;D [kT E T @ D ? T DlNDE \ D W =~DE;jKK L @ >)We@ V 0V W D B ON;D; C = D
\ D A kU C? D ;D \/W V C$F E T D Q W E; W K @ K W E; C ='D T ; Q Do;=gE T ;j= Q ? E Q W EE @ ='D W = V E T Q @C$L K \
C$F8 K W DD; F lB;= >W D E C$F B @ W K [<C$@ K VJD ; \/We> Df;DqE T D W$\ W DqE T nQ @C$L K \
C$F K W DD; F lB;j= >W D E C$F
We@ E; H ; W K @W = V C)\ V C E Q W EE @ =.D [kT ; TYWe@ b W, C$@ V ;= > E C @N\ ? K V @ DbN= C B ; \(We> D A D C$@ E T'W E @ W D C =rb
\+C DE D ? DD F? KB= ?2@W KSOB;jD; C = W Q'Q K;
W E; C ='D C)\^L ;= D K F T C$@>)W =';D;= > E T ='; \B? D [ ;PE TWyF 0V T FuC$@[}We@ V
We@)
T ;PE E ?2@ b'D ? TnW D FC$@ a W$\ Q K E T = C1 C$> =';PE @C =] ?2XB? D T ; \/W b )( RSR _ b V D @ ; L 0V ;=YD E; C = ( A A
"UT = C0 C$> =';E @C = Q @FC$@\ D}E T \/W Q'Q ;= >F@C)\ ;j= Q ? E V W E W E C/C)? E Q ? E V W E W+L l W K W l @ 0V DE @? E ?2@
T W E W, T DE We> ;j= @ W D;= > KPl C)\ Q K a F W E ?2@ D We@ + a E @W, E 0 V A "UT K Ch[ @ K W l @ D a E @W, E
;= [kT ;
W K F W E ?2@ D<D ? T(W D W K;= W E W Q We@ E; ? K We@ C$@ ; = E W E; C = W = V E T T ; >)T @ K W l @ D W ; \ E C a E @W, E \+C$@
K C1
> K C$L W K F W E ?2@ D A
N KD C E T @ ;D/E T Q @C$L K \ C$F E @W ='DK W E; C = ;=SO We@ ; W = n
E T DlNDE \ T'W D(E C@ K W DD; F l W Q W EE @ =
C$@@ EKPl(;= V Q = V = E C$F E T K C0 W E; C = C =qE T B @ E;= W A D yC4[ O @ b W DE W = V We@ V F 0 V T FC$@[}We@ V = E [<C$@X
C ='D; V @ D W =|;j= Q ? E Q W EE @ = [kT ; T ;jDwE @W =.DK W E 0 V W D W E C E W KjKPl B = [ BD Q W EE @ = A @ O @W K W EE \ Q ED T'W O
L = V D
@ ; L 0 V E CC O @) C)\ E T ;D Q @C$L K \ b C = C$F E T \+C$@ a C E; Y
C = D L l J ; V @C4[ ] J ; V @Ch[ b
J ;=SE @ b L & W a E @ b ) ( RSR _ W D W K W l @ 0 V DE @? E ?2@ C$F W V W K;= D A
C
='=
DlNDE
# ' *!+ ,'
# % ' '
" =~; \/We> C)\ Q @ DD; C = C = [<W =SED E C|@ 0V ? E T = ?'\^L @yC$F L ;PED @ \B? ; @ 0V E C DE C$@ C$@ E @W ='D \ ;E W =
; \(We> A J W = ;PE T @ @ \B? ; @ W Q @F E @ C ='DE @?
E; C = C$F E T C$@ ; > ;j= W K C$@ [ W = W, Q E W D \/W KK
V E @ ; C$@W E; C = C$F E T ; \/We> A "UT FC$@\ @ ;D W KK 0V W K C DDK DD C V ;= >(W = V E T K W EE @yW K C DDl C V ;= > A
" =fE T ;D D E; C = [ [ ;KK C ='D; V @ K C DDl C V ;= >oC$F ; \/We> D [ ;PE T = ?2@W Kr= E [<C$@X D A
"kT L.W D; ; V WfL T ;= V C)\ Q @ DD; C = ;D:E T.W E W = TV ; \ ='D; C = W K DE C1 T.W DE; O E C$@
b<] Q We@ E C$F_
V ;=SE C/W = TV ; \ ='D; C = W K DE C1 T.W DE; O E C$@
E T ; \/We> b.;D}E @W =.D FC$@\ 0
] ( A 4_
c 9
R
N F E @ E @W ='D \ ;DD; C = C$@ DE C$@We> C$F E T ;D O E C$@ b W V ;D @ E O @ D; C = C$F b [ W = \/WeX Wf@ C = T
y
C =.DE @? E 0 V D; > = W K \B?'W KD
DE @? E; C = C$F
L lfD C)\ D C$@ E C$F ;=SO @ D E @W ='D FuC$@\ 9 D C E T.W EUE T @
c 9
R
] ( A _
"kT @@C$@UC$F E T C)\ Q @ DD; C = W = V @ C ='DE @? E; C = DE We> E C$> E T @ W = L > ;PO = W D
R
] ( Ah _
c
"UT @ ;D W E @W V / T C L E [ = E T V ; \ ='D; C = W K;PEl C$F W = V E T @@C$@ A N D C = V @ W D D+E T
V ; \ ='D; C = W K;PEl C$F
@ W D D W = V ON; O @ D W bU; A A b WL EE @: C)\ Q @ DD; C = K W V D/E CiW
E T @@C$@ ;=
T ; >)T @ V E @ ; C$@W E; C = C$F E T ; \/We> A "kT L.W D; Q @C$L K \
C$F C)\ Q @ DD; C = ;D H = V ;= > 9 W = V 9 D ?
T
V H =.;PE; C = C$F
C)\ Q W, E W D Q C DD; L K [ ;PE T~W, Q E WeL K ( @@C$@ A "UT ^
E T'W E E T ;= FuC$@\/W E; C =n;=
;jD W D
Q E WeL K p
V Q = V D C = E T W Q'Q K; W E; C = We@ W A
W,
"kT W$? E; C)? D @ W V @ T'W D W K @ W V l C = K ? V 0 V E T'W E V ; \ =.D; C = @ 0 V ? E; C =o;D ;=;PED K F = C E = C)?2>)T E C
C$L E W ;j= W
C)\ Q @ DD; C = C$F E T < V W E W A "UT \/W ;=p; \ Q C$@ E W = ;D E T'W E D C)\ W D Q ED C$F2W =^; \/We> We@ \+C$@
C ='DE @?
E; C = E T = C E T @ D A& C$@ a W$\ Q K b E T \ W = >$@ l K O K W = V > = @W KKl
; \ Q C$@ E W = E FC$@ E T @
\ ? = l C)\ Q C = =SED C$F E T ; \/We> We@ O @ l+; \ Q C$@ E W =SEbSD CR[ D T'C)? K V C V E T D F W E ?'@ D
E T
K C4[ Fu@ B
[ ;E T T ; >)T Q @ ;D; C = A E T @ b Kj; X T ; >)T F@ S
\ ? = l C)\ Q C = =SEDb We@ \? T K DD:; \ Q C$@ E W =SE D C E T D
V ; \ ='D; C = C$F E T o
V W E W b [ We@ W, E ?.W KKPl E @ lN;= > E C
W = L C)We@ D / T C V0 V A @BC b [kT = [ @ 0 V ? E T o
C = =SE @W E E T ;= FuC$@\/W E; C = C$F E T k V W E W ;= W:F [ = ?'\^L @ Dk]uE T K C4[ Fu@ B\ ? = l C)\ Q C = =SED _ [kT ; T
W = L C V 0 V [ ;PE T Q @ ;jD; C =rb [kT ;jK E T2@Ch[ ;= > E T @ DE W0[}W l ]uE T T ; >)TiFu@ S\ ? = l C)\ Q C = =SED _ A
" = E T ;jD(D E; C = [ [ ;jKK C ='D; V @: C V ;= >iW = ; \(We> C$F = Q ; a1 KD A " Eq;D WL ;E/E 0 V ; C)? DqE C
V ; @ EKPl L l E T = E [<C$@X A "UT ;jD @ S\ ? ; @ D W TB?2> W$\+C)? = E C$F = ?'@C ='D A
E @W =.D FC$@\
E T [kT'C K ; \/We> (
& W$? D E T DE W E;jDE; W K V D @ ; Q E; C = C O @ Q We@ ED C$F E T ; \/We> ;jDUD ? Q'Q C D 0 V E CqL DE W E; C = We@ l$b [ W =
>
WeX E T
D @ ; Q E; C
L'@
C$@
E @W ='D \
C V 0V
W = V
=
"UT
Q @C.-/+ DD WeL C O
,+
We@+
324qQ
E T1+
(O(
+0-W
('*)
+ @ Q @+ E
;=SE
L +
=
W EE
+ @ D
W = V
"
% (L K C1 X D C$F D; = b [yT ; T ;jD<K We@> = C)?2>)T E C =SE W ;K W K C0 W KrDE W E;jDE; W K
= C)?2>)T E CpL \/W = We> 0V A U" T D L K C0 X D W =(E T = L C V0V D Q We@W E KPl$bBDE C$@ 0V
@ WeF E @oW~@ C ='DE @?
E; C = C$F E T [kT'C K ; \(We> W = L \/W V L.W D 0V C =iE T D
"!$#&%
;
;= E C
L K C X D A
D \/W KjK
;PEE 0V b [kT
; \(We>
E T,+
V
+
D; @+ V
+
TKW
W D W
+ @
l
+ ?2@W K{=
= 0
C)? E Q ? ED We@+
E T1+
"
E [C$@X A UT1+ ; = Q ?
E D E C E T1+ = + E [<C$@X
326(Q W EE +@ ='D W D Q @+ D + S
= E + V C = E T1+
+
D W$\5+
[ C$@X ;D -W KK + V W = $
W ? E C W DD C- ; W E C$@ A
;= Q ? E ? =';PED A UT ;D}El Q +:C$F = + E <
7 F E +@
V
@ -Ti\5+ E T2C V b \ ; ='; \ j; D;= >D b E T1+([9+ ; >)T ED L + E [+:+ =
E @W ;j='; = >Y[ ;E TW >$@W ; + =SE^D +0We8
W = V
= V
+<- C
+ @=-W =
KW l
E T1+
='=
;D =
E [C$@XqT'W D L +:+
+
+ @ b,D
;Q D
CB
! #
_ A
*E
@ +U?
JIKGL
L l
QP
%
) &S
R
"E
;D X = C4[ = F@C)\
- C
- W E
=
DE C-T.W DE;
"
We@+
O
-
"=
;D > ;PO
D
+<-
E @W =.D FC$@\
> ;PO
@NCq[
[kT ;
- T
We@+
TS '<U
E C$@ D
+<-
C$F
? Q
D T'C4[ =Y;=
>)?2@+
b D ? ;PED
+
[ ;E T~W
E C
)
Q We@ ED C$F E T,+
( ()_:?
; \/We>@+|We@+
WT ; >)T1+@ K + O
L ;ED
@C)\
W D
+_-W
"
+<- @8+0W
A
[ P; E T
W
V
+
GF
=
7
V
+
@ +L'L
E [<C$@X b [kT1+@+
+ @
D \/W KK
? = @C b
=SE
+
E T1+
+_-W
+ @ l
O
-T'We@W@-
D
+
E T1+
+:+
(' &% S
K F ; F E T1+ E [<C
=.;PE; C =
+/;
FuC$@
-W
\/C DE
"kT
1+
;F ]
2
D
%
+ ?
+/;
?'W KDE T1+
P ! ` R R `
`
E @W =.D FC$@\/W E; C =
E C
+
+ We@ =
K0
C$F E T,+C Q E; \/W K
=';PE; C =
- @ ; L + V A
D
L +@yC$FwT ; V'V
D ; @+ V = ?'\^
;=
;\
;=
+ We@ =';j= >
K0
+<- @+0W
1+
? =';PED
=
D;= >
Q C$@ E W =
"UT
Q @+ DD; C = A
; \/We>@+0- C)\
O W K ?1+ Db
-/+^FuC$@
E T1+
DEp; \/We>@+
Q W EE
+ @ ='D C$F D; :+
;D
b
23
E T1+
D
-/+
=
+
- C)\
+0W
\/WeX@+
C =
D;KPl
L +
E T1+
FQ+0W E ?'@+ D};PE;DwO
+ @ l(; \
+:+
E C
Q C$@ E W = E
+ FQ+0W E ?2@8+ D [ ;PE T/W D}K;PEEK
E T1+ D y
+
[<W DoE T'W EoE T1+ l
Q @+ DD; C =
+ @>@+ V
E T'W EkE T1+R[9+ ; >)T ED We@+=- C =SO
+ Db D T'W V + D
+ E - A b C = +
+ @ DE W = V ;= >
; \/We>@+o? = V
+ @ Db K;=
b{K; X@+0- C$@ =
L + D \/We@ EwE C>- C V
C$FyFQ+0W E ?'@+ D
- @ ; L + V
D
+
@BC
We@8+qC$@ V
+ @+ V
"
C$FZY
? =.;PED We@+oC$@ V
+ @+ V
=
A BA
+ @ ;DE; (
FC$@
E
"
E T ;Dp;D^E @?1+|W = V
=
M(
;=SE C>;.>)?2@+
VA S
'@V
Q C DD; L K + b
+ @> l
=
+
; \5+ ='D; C = W K
+ We@ =';= >|@? K
+
[}W D WeL K
K0
;jDkE T1+
Q ;a
&S
;W =
E T1+`+ ; >@+ =SO W K ?,+ D
-/+
Q K0
+ \O+ =SE W E; C =
E T ;D:; \
K Ch[+ DE
\/W E @ ; aX
+ @ ='D A
;= Q ? E Q W EE
+ E [<C$@XY9
[ +RT'W O
C$F E T1+
#
;=
TV
; \O+ ='D; C = W K4E C W =
D;= >4- C$@@+ D Q C = V ;j= >\+ ; >@+ =SO W K ?,+ b{E T1+
A
? '
= ;PEDb E T1++T ; V'V
=
+
TV
W =
=SE W ;='DoE T1+
= C$@\/W K;D
\/W E @ ; a
2
L +<-W$? D
W D XYC =
+:+
DO- C
Fu@C)\
Q @+ DD; C =/ON;
+ [ Q C ;=SEw;PE [C)? K V
Q C DD; L K + b M? DE
; \/We>@+ A
= V
V ; @+<- EKPl$b L.? E C =
E T1+
[yT ;
- ToT1+ Q @+ D
=';PED ] H _ C =
C F F+0W E ?2@+ D -W =
; \/We>@+ A kT1++ a E @W@- E; C = $
T +0W D +@ A F E T1+ ; \/We>@+ W = W KPlBD;Dw;D L.W D + V
K \^?i-3
E C K +@W =SE C$F = C ;D + b V ;
D E C$@ E; C = + E - A
W =|; \/We>@+ - C)\
; \(We>@+ A
NC/C =
E T'W E
+
+ @>@+
E [C$@X`- C =SO
edf
hg
E T'W EkE T1+:FQ+0W E ?'@+ D We@+
W D E T1+
FW@-/+ D L l3A C EE @+ KK ]A C EE @+ KK b
GF?
2
GF
E C$@ D C$F E T1+>- C$@@+ K W E; C =
;=
+ @@C$@
E C E W K
+ WeX D C$FwFQ+0W E ?2@8+ D C$F E T1+
D Q 0
E W D X(C =
C$F TS?'\(W =
+[ ;E T
L ;PEDba
+ K A
+ @W E;= >>F
E T1+ ; \/We>@+ FuC)?2@ E; \O+ DbNE TS? D >@+ =
=
1)#
=.D
+
a W@- EKPlY;=fE T1+
+
GF
E T1+
M( A A#" EU;D
FE
+ @ E @W ;=';= >
E T1+:[9+ ; >)T ED C$F E T1+
"F
E T1+0;.@ DE
E T ;@ V
= ?'\pL +@^C$F ;j= Q ? E(] C)? E Q ? E _:? =.;PEDb W- C)\
C)? E Q ? E{K W l
+ @C$F
+<-
+ @+ V
b C$@ V
E T1+oC)? E Q ? ED C$F E T1++T ; V.V
; >@+ =SO
+
P ! R R R !
K;= 0We@ = 0?2@C =
WeLzC O
=
Q K+ V
- C)?
Q
E T1+
@+<- C =.DE @?,- E; C = A
2W = @
> +@ ] NW = >@+@ bD
7
W = V
%* WV
W D 9
= V
9+_+
;D
= V
+<- C
c
+
+
A^]BA D W
E C$@ D C$F E T1+O- C$@@+ K W E; C =
E T1+>+ ; >@+ =SO
[kT ;
- T
E T,+
$"
C$F E T1+=; @ DE
+
E; C =
+<-
D W =(;= Q ? E W = V
+
E C$@ b C Q E; \/W K};=
+<-
E T1+[+ ; >@+ = O
\/W E @ ; a
=|K W l +@ A
= ? D + V FuC$@ E T,+y@+<- C$> =.;PE; C =
L(+ E [+:+ =
D? ?1+:+ :+ E T1+ ;= FC$@\(W E; C =|E T2@C)?2>)TYW
E C
DE W E;DE; - D E T'W E E T,+ C Q E; \/W KeE @W ='D FuC$@\
= W E; C =
+
W = V
V V + n
-/+ A
UT1++T ; .
[ W D - K W DD; ;I+ V [ ;E T W = C E 1
T +@
= K W l +@ b [kT ; -T6- C '
= D;jDE + V C$F GF ? .
= ;PEDb <
\O+0W ='D C$FzW V + KPE W
@ ? K + A D E T ;jD - C)\ Q K + a = + E <
[ C$@X ;=SO We@ ; W = E E C E @W ='
D K W E; C =.D{;=oE T1+ ;= Q ? E
[kT'C K ^
+
FW@-/+/W E C =
NM
? =';PEDR;jDRD \/W KK
+ @
E T1+ =iE T1+
=
C E T1+@y[C$@ V D [+pWe@8+ E @ lB;j= >
Kr= W$\5+ KPlqE T,+pT ; V'V
+
"kT
V b';=
+
W D E T1+>- C V ;= >|\/W E @ ; a
=
+:+
9 A
= ?'\^L +@RC$FUT ; V'V
Q @8+ DD; C =f;D C$L E W ;j=
-T'W
\/W E @ ; a
@+<- C =.DE @?,- E; C =
"F
L +
C.-:-?'@Fu@+
?
?1+ =SEKPl;=iE T1+
\O+ E T2C V D W KjD C0+ a E @W@- E FQ+0W E ?2@8+ D Fu@C)\
=g;=
;.>
A BA
"E
+ We@
; >)T Eo= C E L +[- K 0
!
('
6
"!#
$ % x &'(
"!2
20
+ ) +* /,!- *. /.
0(/1
ordering
of the neurons:
neuron neuron neuron
0
1
2
neuron neuron neuron
3
4
5
neuron neuron
(unused)
6
7
43657 8 % :9<;=> "!#
? @. )<!# & %1 : "!#
A1
' BA C( /D
E.
F G *. H .+
I
+
I J* D+ ) % J J!-
'!- *. K1
I 2H) x .) L G *. % <1 $ .) - .
I .
I/ M . ? x.+)N K O1 K!2 PQ.
0' *GR /?8) .
S $!#
F)4 EM $+)N)!#
20
"UT
+ ?2@C =
= 0
+ ?2@C =
= 0
D
+ ?2@C =
= 0
+ ?2@C =
= 0
RRR
V
+
+0We@
+ @U>$@W V ; + = ED C$F E T1+
DE C$@ V
; \/We>@+
1+;.@
= V
+<- C
L lqE T,+ Q @ ;=
C$@ V
+ @ D V
+ @ ;O W E
-
- C)\
;Q W K
Q C =
D C$F E T1+
= EU=
+
; \/We>@+ A
We@+ E T1+R>$@W V ; + S
= ED C$F E T1+ ; \/We>@+ A
E [<C$@X
+
TVU # X
(
Kl W DD
Q @C O
;=fE T,+
JIK
IZ
;D
]
V
V %
S
L
;=E T1+
\
'
;j=^E T,+
"
L
b);j= E @C V ?,-/+ V
L l
?'XB? D T ; \/W W D
Q Q K ; -W E; C '
)_ A kT ;Dr= + E [C$@X b [ P; E T Q @ ; \/We@ l W '
@ +<- C$> '
= Dr;= Q W EE +@ =
= ;E; C =rb
C @W E + D -W K + b @C E W
@ W ='DK W
;= - C$@ Q $
E ; C =rb W = V E
E ; C =(;=SO We@ ; W = -/+U@+ D ? KPE;= >
?'XB? D T ; \/W b
)#&'*)
;
$W X
V K0
+ We@ =.;= > ;D FC)? = V
+ @ DE We>@+ E C
KW E
E T1+O- C$> =';PE @C =
? D
?'XB? D T ; \/W b.D
W E W
=SE @W K ;=
[kT ;
- T
W YX
T
[}W D; \
K
+
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